All files / lib reflect.ts

62.36% Statements 1700/2726
53.5% Branches 61/114
11.15% Functions 30/269
62.36% Lines 1700/2726

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  36x 36x 36x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 10x 10x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 15x 15x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 5x 5x 5x 5x 5x 5x     5x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 5x 5x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 5x 5x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x       1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x             1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x       1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 5x 5x 5x 5x 5x 5x 5x 5x 5x                           5x 5x 5x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x                                           1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x                             1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x                         1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x           1x 1x 1x 1x 1x     1x 1x 1x 1x 1x                 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x                 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x                 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x                 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x           1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x           1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x           1x 1x 1x 1x 1x                 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x                 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x                 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 5x 5x 5x 5x 5x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 108x 108x 5x 5x 5x 108x 108x 108x 1x 1x                         1x 1x 1x 1x 1x     1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x     1x 1x 1x 1x 1x           1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x     1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x     1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x     1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x     1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x                           1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x                           1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x                           1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 36x 36x 36x                   36x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x                       1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x             1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 72x 72x     72x 72x 72x 72x 72x 72x 72x 72x 72x 72x 72x       72x 72x 72x 72x 72x 72x 72x 72x 72x 72x 72x 72x 72x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x     1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x         1x 1x 1x 1x             1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 5x 5x 5x 5x 1x      
import * as format from '../common/format';
import { getParameterNames } from './get-parameter-names';
import { Sealed } from './sealed';
import { RtType, RtObjectType, RtObjectMember } from '../common/format';
 
const NotProvided = Symbol();
 
/**
 * Obtain an object which uniquely identifies an interface type.
 * You may prefer reflect<InterfaceType>() if you are writing reflect(reify<InterfaceType>()) or
 * ReflectedClass.from(reify<InterfaceType>())
 */
export function reify<InterfaceType>(callSite?: CallSite): format.InterfaceToken {
    if (!isCallSite(callSite))
        throw new Error(`reify<T>() can only be used when project is built with the typescript-rtti transformer`);

    let param = reflect(callSite).typeParameters[0];
    if (param.is('interface'))
        return param.token;

    throw new Error(`reify<${param}>(): Type parameter must be an interface reference, not an arbitrary type`);
}
 
export function isCallSite(callSite: CallSite) {
    return callSite?.TΦ === 'c';
}
 
function Flag(value: string) {
    return (target, propertyKey) => {
        if (!target.flagToProperty)
            target.flagToProperty = {};
        if (!target.propertyToFlag)
            target.propertyToFlag = {};
        target.flagToProperty[value] = propertyKey;
        target.propertyToFlag[propertyKey] = value;
    };
}
 
export type ReflectedTypeRefKind = 'union' | 'intersection' | 'any'
    | 'unknown' | 'tuple' | 'array' | 'class' | 'any' | 'unknown' | 'generic' | 'mapped' | 'literal'
    | 'void' | 'interface' | 'null' | 'undefined' | 'true' | 'false' | 'object' | 'enum' | 'function';
 
export const TYPE_REF_KIND_EXPANSION: Record<string, ReflectedTypeRefKind> = {
    [format.T_UNKNOWN]: 'unknown',
    [format.T_ANY]: 'any',
    [format.T_UNION]: 'union',
    [format.T_INTERSECTION]: 'intersection',
    [format.T_TUPLE]: 'tuple',
    [format.T_ARRAY]: 'array',
    [format.T_GENERIC]: 'generic',
    [format.T_VOID]: 'void',
    [format.T_NULL]: 'null',
    [format.T_UNDEFINED]: 'undefined',
    [format.T_MAPPED]: 'mapped',
    [format.T_ENUM]: 'enum',
    [format.T_FALSE]: 'false',
    [format.T_TRUE]: 'true',
    [format.T_OBJECT]: 'object',
    [format.T_FUNCTION]: 'function'
};
 
export interface MatchesValueOptions {
    /**
     * An array where errors encountered while validating an object are saved.
     * If you don't supply this, you won't be able to get the list of errors.
     */
    errors?: Error[];
 
    context?: string;
 
    /**
     * Whether to allow extra properties that do not conform to the type.
     * Though Typescript normally allows extra properties, it is a potential
     * security vulnerability if the user chooses to use this to validate
     * user-controlled objects, so you have to opt in if you expect extra
     * properties to be present.
     *
     * @default false
     */
    allowExtraProperties?: boolean;
}
export class ReflectedTypeRef<T extends RtType = RtType> {
    /** @internal */
    constructor(
        private _ref: T
    ) {
    }
 
    toString() {
        return `[${this.kind} type]`;
    }
 
    /** @internal */
    static Kind(kind: ReflectedTypeRefKind) {
        return (target) => {
            ReflectedTypeRef.kinds[kind] = target;
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Check if the given value matches this type reference. Collects any errors into the `errors` list.
     * @param value
     * @param errors
     * @param context
     * @returns
     */
    matchesValue(value, options?: MatchesValueOptions) {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
        options.errors.push(new Error(`No validation available for type with kind '${this.kind}'`));
        return false;
    }
 
    /**
     * Check if the given type reference is equivalent to this type reference.
     * @param ref
     * @returns
     */
    equals(ref : this) {
        if (this === ref)
            return true;

        if (ref.constructor !== this.constructor)
            return false;

        return this.matches(ref);
    }
 
    protected matches(ref : this) {
        return true;
    }
 
    private static kinds: Record<ReflectedTypeRefKind, Constructor<ReflectedTypeRef>> = <any>{};
 
    get kind(): ReflectedTypeRefKind {
        let ref = this._ref;
        if (ref === null || ['string', 'number', 'bigint'].includes(typeof ref))
            return 'literal';

        if (typeof ref === 'object' && 'TΦ' in ref)
            return TYPE_REF_KIND_EXPANSION[(<format.RtBrandedType>ref).TΦ];

        if (typeof ref === 'object')
            return 'interface';

        return 'class';
    }
 
    /** @internal */
    get ref(): Readonly<T> {
        return this._ref;
    }
 
    /**
     * Checks if this type reference is a Promise, optionally a Promise of a specific type.
     * If the type reference does not specify a type of Promise but you have provided a type
     * to check for, this will return false.
     * @param klass The type of promise to check for. Would be String when looking for Promise<string>
     */
    isPromise<T = Function>(klass?: Constructor<T>): this is ReflectedGenericRef {
        if (this.isClass(Promise))
            return !klass;

        if (this.isGeneric(Promise)) {
            if (klass)
                return this.typeParameters.length > 0 && this.typeParameters[0].isClass(klass);

            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
 
    /**
     * Checks if this type reference is a class. Note: If the class reference has type parameters,
     * (ie it is generic) this check will fail, and instead isGeneric() will succeed.
     * @param klass
     */
    isClass<T = Function>(klass?: Constructor<T> | BigIntConstructor): this is ReflectedClassRef<T> {
        let literalTypes = {
            'string': String,
            'number': Number,
            'boolean': Boolean,
            'object': Object,
            'bigint': BigInt
        };

        // Support for isClass(Function) even though we now have a dedicated 'function' reflected type
        if (this.kind === 'function' && klass === <any>Function)
            return true;

        if (this.kind === 'literal')
            return literalTypes[typeof this.ref] === klass;

        if (this.kind === 'null')
            return <Constructor<Object>>Object === klass;

        if (['true', 'false'].includes(this.kind))
            return <Constructor<Object>>Boolean === klass;

        return this.kind === 'class' && (!klass || <any>this.ref === klass);
    }
 
    isInterface(interfaceType?: format.InterfaceToken): this is ReflectedInterfaceRef {
        if (interfaceType)
            return this.isInterface() && (this.ref as unknown as format.InterfaceToken).identity === interfaceType.identity;
        else
            return this.kind === 'interface';
    }
 
    /**
     * Checks if this type is a literal type (null/true/false or a string/number literal).
     * Caution: You cannot use this to check for `undefined`. Use `isUndefined()` instead.
     * @param value
     * @returns
     */
    isLiteral(value: null): this is ReflectedNullRef;
    isLiteral(value: undefined): this is ReflectedUndefinedRef;
    isLiteral(value: true): this is ReflectedTrueRef;
    isLiteral(value: false): this is ReflectedFalseRef;
    isLiteral<T extends format.Literal>(value: T): this is ReflectedLiteralRef<T>;
    isLiteral(): this is ReflectedLiteralRef<any>;
    isLiteral(value: number | bigint | string): boolean;
    isLiteral(value: true | false | null | number | bigint | string | symbol = NotProvided): boolean {
        if (value === null) return this.isNull();
        if (value === true) return this.isTrue();
        if (value === false) return this.isFalse();
        return this.kind === 'literal' && (value === NotProvided || <unknown>this.ref === value);
    }
 
 
    /** Check if this type reference is an interface type    */ is(kind: 'interface'): this is ReflectedInterfaceRef;
    /** Check if this type reference is a class type         */ is(kind: 'class'): this is ReflectedClassRef<any>;
    /** Check if this type reference is a generic type       */ is(kind: 'generic'): this is ReflectedGenericRef;
    /** Check if this type reference is an array type        */ is(kind: 'array'): this is ReflectedArrayRef;
    /** Check if this type reference is an intersection type */ is(kind: 'intersection'): this is ReflectedIntersectionRef;
    /** Check if this type reference is a union type         */ is(kind: 'union'): this is ReflectedUnionRef;
    /** Check if this type reference is an enum type         */ is(kind: 'enum'): this is ReflectedEnumRef;
    /** Check if this type reference is a tuple type         */ is(kind: 'tuple'): this is ReflectedTupleRef;
    /** Check if this type reference is a void type          */ is(kind: 'void'): this is ReflectedVoidRef;
    /** Check if this type reference is an any type          */ is(kind: 'any'): this is ReflectedAnyRef;
    /** Check if this type reference is an unknown type      */ is(kind: 'unknown'): this is ReflectedUnknownRef;
    /** Check if this type reference is a literal type       */ is(kind: 'literal'): this is ReflectedLiteralRef<any>;
    /**
     * Check if this type reference is an instance of the given ReflectedTypeRef subclass.
     * @param type The subclass of ReflectedTypeRef to check
     */
    is<T, U extends T>(this: T, type: Constructor<U>): this is U;
    is(this, kind: ReflectedTypeRefKind | Constructor<any>): boolean {
        if (typeof kind === 'function')
            return this instanceof kind;
        else if (typeof kind === 'string')
            return this.kind === kind;
    }
 
    /**
     * Assert that this type reference is an interface type and cast it to ReflectedInterfaceRef.
     * If the reference is not the correct type an error is thrown.
     */
     as(kind: 'interface'): ReflectedInterfaceRef;
     /**
      * Assert that this type reference is a Function type and cast it to ReflectedFunctionRef.
      * If the reference is not the correct type an error is thrown.
      */
     as(kind: 'function'): ReflectedFunctionRef;
    /**
     * Assert that this type reference is a class type and cast it to ReflectedClassRef.
     * If the reference is not the correct type an error is thrown.
     */
    as<T = any>(kind: 'class'): ReflectedClassRef<T>;
    /**
     * Assert that this type reference is a generic type and cast it to ReflectedGenericRef.
     * If the reference is not the correct type an error is thrown.
     */
    as<T = any>(kind: 'generic'): ReflectedGenericRef;
    /**
     * Assert that this type reference is an enum type and cast it to ReflectedEnumRef.
     * If the reference is not the correct type an error is thrown.
     */
    as<T = any>(kind: 'enum'): ReflectedEnumRef;
    /**
     * Assert that this type reference is an array type and cast it to ReflectedArrayRef.
     * If the reference is not the correct type an error is thrown.
     */
    as(kind: 'array'): ReflectedArrayRef;
    /**
     * Assert that this type reference is an intersection type and cast it to ReflectedIntersectionRef.
     * If the reference is not the correct type an error is thrown.
     */
    as(kind: 'intersection'): ReflectedIntersectionRef;
    /**
     * Assert that this type reference is a union type and cast it to ReflectedUnionRef.
     * If the reference is not the correct type an error is thrown.
     */
    as(kind: 'union'): ReflectedUnionRef;
    /**
     * Assert that this type reference is a tuple type and cast it to ReflectedTupleRef.
     * If the reference is not the correct type an error is thrown.
     */
    as(kind: 'tuple'): ReflectedTupleRef;
    /**
     * Assert that this type reference is a void type and cast it to ReflectedVoidRef.
     * If the reference is not the correct type an error is thrown.
     */
    as(kind: 'void'): ReflectedVoidRef;
    /**
     * Assert that this type reference is a void type and cast it to ReflectedVoidRef.
     * If the reference is not the correct type an error is thrown.
     */
    as(kind: 'unknown'): ReflectedUnknownRef;
    /**
     * Assert that this type reference is a void type and cast it to ReflectedVoidRef.
     * If the reference is not the correct type an error is thrown.
     */
    as(kind: 'any'): ReflectedAnyRef;
    /**
     * Assert that this type reference is a void type and cast it to ReflectedVoidRef.
     * If the reference is not the correct type an error is thrown.
     */
    as(kind: 'literal'): ReflectedLiteralRef;
    /**
     * Assert that this type reference is the given ReflectedTypeRef subclass.
     * If the reference is not the correct type an error is thrown.
     */
    as<T, U extends T>(this: T, subclass: Constructor<U>): U;
    as(this, subclass: ReflectedTypeRefKind | Constructor<any>) {
        if (typeof subclass === 'function' && !(this instanceof subclass))
            throw new TypeError(`Value of type ${this.constructor.name} cannot be converted to ${subclass.name}`);
        else if (typeof subclass === 'string' && this.kind !== subclass)
            throw new TypeError(`Type has kind ${this.kind}, expected ${subclass}`);
        return this;
    }
 
    isVoid(): this is ReflectedVoidRef { return this.kind === 'void'; }
    isNull(): this is ReflectedNullRef { return this.kind === 'null'; }
    isUndefined(): this is ReflectedUndefinedRef { return this.kind === 'undefined'; }
    isTrue(): this is ReflectedTrueRef { return this.kind === 'true'; }
    isFalse(): this is ReflectedFalseRef { return this.kind === 'false'; }
    isStringLiteral(): this is ReflectedLiteralRef<string> { return this.kind === 'literal' && typeof this.ref === 'string'; }
    isNumberLiteral(): this is ReflectedLiteralRef<number> { return this.kind === 'literal' && typeof this.ref === 'number'; }
    isBigIntLiteral(): this is ReflectedLiteralRef<bigint> { return this.kind === 'literal' && typeof this.ref === 'bigint'; }
    isBooleanLiteral(): this is ReflectedLiteralRef<number> { return this.isTrue() || this.isFalse(); }
 
    /**
     * Check if this type reference is a generic type, optionally checking if the generic's
     * base type is the given class. For instance isGeneric(Promise) is true for Promise<string>.
     * @param klass
     */
    isGeneric<T = Function>(klass?: Constructor<T>): this is ReflectedGenericRef {
        if (this.kind === 'generic') {
            let rtGeneric: format.RtGenericType = <any>this.ref;
            if (!rtGeneric.t['TΦ']) { // this is a class
                return !klass || rtGeneric.t === klass;
            }
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }
 
    isUnion(elementDiscriminator?: (elementType: ReflectedTypeRef) => boolean): this is ReflectedUnionRef {
        return elementDiscriminator
            ? this.isUnion() && this.types.every(e => elementDiscriminator(e))
            : this.kind === 'union';
    }
 
    isIntersection(elementDiscriminator?: (elementType: ReflectedTypeRef) => boolean): this is ReflectedIntersectionRef {
        return elementDiscriminator
            ? this.isIntersection() && this.types.every(e => elementDiscriminator(e))
            : this.kind === 'intersection';
    }
 
    isArray(elementDiscriminator?: (elementType: ReflectedTypeRef) => boolean): this is ReflectedArrayRef {
        return elementDiscriminator
            ? this.isArray() && elementDiscriminator(this.elementType)
            : this.kind === 'array'
            ;
    }
 
    isTuple(elementDiscriminators?: ((elementType: ReflectedTupleElement) => boolean)[]): this is ReflectedTupleRef {
        return elementDiscriminators
            ? this.isTuple() && this.elements.every((e, i) => elementDiscriminators[i](e))
            : this.kind === 'tuple';
    }
 
    isUnknown() {
        return this.kind === 'unknown';
    }
 
    isAny() {
        return this.kind === 'any';
    }
 
    /**
     * Creates an "unknown"
     * @internal
     */
    static createUnknown() {
        return this.createFromRtRef({ TΦ: format.T_UNKNOWN });
    }
 
    /** @internal */
    static createFromRtRef(ref: format.RtType) {
        let kind: ReflectedTypeRefKind;
 
        if (ref === null || !['object', 'function'].includes(typeof ref))
            kind = 'literal';
        else if (typeof ref === 'object' && 'TΦ' in <object>ref)
            kind = TYPE_REF_KIND_EXPANSION[(ref as format.RtBrandedType).TΦ];
        else if (typeof ref === 'object')
            kind = 'interface';
        else
            kind = 'class';
 
        return new (ReflectedTypeRef.kinds[kind] || ReflectedTypeRef)(ref);
    }
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('class')
export class ReflectedClassRef<Class> extends ReflectedTypeRef<Constructor<Class>> {
    get kind() { return 'class' as const; }
    get class(): Constructor<Class> { return <any>this.ref; }
    get reflectedClass() { return ReflectedClass.for(this.class); }
 
    toString() { return `class ${this.class.name}`; }
 
    protected override matches(ref : this) {
        return this.class === ref.class;
    }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions) {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
 
        if (this.ref === String)
            return typeof value === 'string';
        else if (this.ref === Number)
            return typeof value === 'number';
        else if (this.ref === Boolean)
            return typeof value === 'boolean';
        else if (this.ref === Object)
            return typeof value === 'object';
        else if (this.ref === Function)
            return typeof value === 'function';
        else if (this.ref === Symbol)
            return typeof value === 'symbol'
        else if (this.ref === BigInt)
            return typeof value === 'bigint';

        return ReflectedClass.for(this.ref).matchesValue(value, options);
    }
}
 
export class ReflectedObjectMember {
    constructor(private ref: RtObjectMember) {
        this.name = ref.n;
        this.type = ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(this.ref.t);
    }
 
    readonly name: string;
    readonly type: ReflectedTypeRef;
 
    private _flags: ReflectedFlags;
    get flags() {
        if (!this._flags)
            this._flags = new ReflectedFlags(this.ref.f);
        return this._flags;
    }
 
    get isOptional() { return this.flags.isOptional; }
 
    equals(member: this) {
        return this.name === member.name && this.type.equals(member.type);
    }
 
    toString() { return `${this.name}: ${this.type?.toString() ?? '<error>'}`; }
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('object')
export class ReflectedObjectRef extends ReflectedTypeRef<RtObjectType> {
    get kind() { return 'object' as const; }
 
    private _members: ReflectedObjectMember[];
 
    get members(): Readonly<ReflectedObjectMember[]> {
        if (!this._members)
            this._members = this.ref.m.map(m => new ReflectedObjectMember(m));

        return this._members;
    }
 
    toString() { return `{ ${this.members.map(m => m.toString()).join(', ')} }`; }
 
    protected override matches(ref : this) {
        if (this.members.length !== ref.members.length)
            return false;

        for (let member of this.members) {
            let matchingMember = ref.members.find(x => x.name);
            if (!member.equals(matchingMember))
                return false;
        }

        return true;
    }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions) {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];

        if (typeof value !== 'object')
            return false;

        let matches = true;
        for (let member of this.members) {
            let hasValue = member.name in value;

            if (!hasValue) {
                if (!member.isOptional) {
                    options.errors.push(new TypeError(`Missing value for member ${member.toString()}`));
                    matches = false;
                }
                continue;
            }

            let memberValue = value[member.name];
            let memberErrors = [];
            if (!member.type.matchesValue(memberValue, { ...options, errors: memberErrors })) {
                options.errors.push(new TypeError(`Value for member ${member.toString()} is invalid`));
                options.errors.push(...memberErrors);
                matches = false;
            }
        }

        let unaccountedProperties = Object.keys(value).filter(x => !this.members.some(y => y.name === x));
        if (options.allowExtraProperties !== true && unaccountedProperties.length > 0) {
            options.errors.push(
                new Error(
                    `Object contains the following undeclared properties: `
                    + `${unaccountedProperties.join(', ')}`
                )
            );
            matches = false;
        }

        return matches;
    }
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('interface')
export class ReflectedInterfaceRef extends ReflectedTypeRef<format.InterfaceToken> {
    get kind() { return 'interface' as const; }
    get token(): format.InterfaceToken { return this.ref; }
    get reflectedInterface() { return ReflectedClass.for(this.token); }
 
    toString() { return `interface ${this.token.name}`; }
 
    protected override matches(ref : this) {
        return this.token === ref.token;
    }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions) {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
        return ReflectedClass.for(this.ref).matchesValue(value);
    }
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('literal')
export class ReflectedLiteralRef<Class extends format.Literal = format.Literal> extends ReflectedTypeRef<Class> {
    get kind() { return 'literal' as const; }
    get value() { return <Class>this.ref; }
    toString() { return JSON.stringify(this.value); }
 
    protected override matches(ref : this) {
        return this.value === ref.value;
    }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions): boolean {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
        return this.ref === value;
    }
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('union')
export class ReflectedUnionRef extends ReflectedTypeRef<format.RtUnionType> {
    get kind() { return 'union' as const; }
    toString() { return `[${this.types.join(' | ')}]`; }
 
    private _types: ReflectedTypeRef[];
    get types(): ReflectedTypeRef[] {
        if (this._types)
            return this._types;
        return this._types = (this.ref.t || []).map(t => ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(t));
    }
 
    protected override matches(ref : this) {
        if (this.types.length !== ref.types.length)
            return false;
        for (let type of this.types) {
            if (!ref.types.some(x => type.equals(x)))
                return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions) {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
        return this.types.some(t => t.matchesValue(value, options));
    }
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('intersection')
export class ReflectedIntersectionRef extends ReflectedTypeRef<format.RtIntersectionType> {
    get kind() { return 'intersection' as const; }
    toString() { return `${this.types.join(' & ')}`; }
 
    private _types: ReflectedTypeRef[];
    get types() {
        if (this._types)
            return this._types;
        return this._types = (this.ref.t || []).map(t => ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(t));
    }
 
    protected override matches(ref : this) {
        if (this.types.length !== ref.types.length)
            return false;
        for (let type of this.types) {
            if (!ref.types.some(x => type.equals(x)))
                return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions) {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
        return this.types.every(t => t.matchesValue(value, options));
    }
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('array')
export class ReflectedArrayRef extends ReflectedTypeRef<format.RtArrayType> {
    get kind() { return 'array' as const; }
    toString() { return `${this.elementType}[]`; }
 
    private _elementType: ReflectedTypeRef;
    get elementType(): ReflectedTypeRef {
        if (this._elementType)
            return this._elementType;
        return this._elementType = ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(this.ref.e);
    }
 
    protected override matches(ref : this) {
        return this.elementType.equals(ref.elementType);
    }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions): boolean {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];

        if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
            options.errors.push(new TypeError(`Value should be an array`));
            return false;
        }

        return (value as any[]).every(value => this.elementType.matchesValue(value, options));
    }
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('void')
export class ReflectedVoidRef extends ReflectedTypeRef<format.RtVoidType> {
    get kind() { return 'void' as const; }
    toString() { return `void`; }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions): boolean {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
        if (value !== void 0) {
            options.errors.push(new Error(`Value must not be present`));
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('null')
export class ReflectedNullRef extends ReflectedTypeRef<format.RtNullType> {
    get kind() { return 'null' as const; }
    toString() { return `null`; }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions): boolean {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
        return value === null;
    }
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('undefined')
export class ReflectedUndefinedRef extends ReflectedTypeRef<format.RtUndefinedType> {
    get kind() { return 'undefined' as const; }
    toString() { return `undefined`; }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions): boolean {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
        return value === undefined;
    }
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('false')
export class ReflectedFalseRef extends ReflectedTypeRef<format.RtFalseType> {
    get kind() { return 'false' as const; }
    toString() { return `false`; }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions): boolean {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
        return value === false;
    }
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('true')
export class ReflectedTrueRef extends ReflectedTypeRef<format.RtTrueType> {
    get kind() { return 'true' as const; }
    toString() { return `true`; }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions): boolean {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
        return value === true;
    }
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('unknown')
export class ReflectedUnknownRef extends ReflectedTypeRef<format.RtUnknownType> {
    get kind() { return 'unknown' as const; }
    toString() { return `unknown`; }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions): boolean {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
        return true;
    }
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('any')
export class ReflectedAnyRef extends ReflectedTypeRef<format.RtAnyType> {
    get kind() { return 'any' as const; }
    toString() { return `any`; }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions): boolean {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
        return true;
    }
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('tuple')
export class ReflectedTupleRef extends ReflectedTypeRef<format.RtTupleType> {
    get kind() { return 'tuple' as const; }
    toString() { return `[${this.elements.join(', ')}]`; }
 
    private _elements: ReflectedTupleElement[];
    get elements(): ReflectedTupleElement[] {
        if (this._elements)
            return this._elements;
        return this._elements = (this.ref.e || []).map(e => new ReflectedTupleElement(e));
    }
 
    protected override matches(ref : this) {
        if (this.elements.length !== ref.elements.length)
            return false;
        return this.elements.every((x, i) => x.name === ref.elements[i].name && x.type.equals(ref.elements[i].type));
    }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions): boolean {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
        if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
            options.errors.push(new Error(`Value must be an array`));
            return false;
        }

        let array = <any[]>value;

        if (array.length !== this.elements.length) {
            options.errors.push(new Error(`Array must have ${this.elements.length} values to match tuple type`));
            return false;
        }

        return this.elements.every((v, i) => v.type.matchesValue(array[i], options));
    }
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('generic')
export class ReflectedGenericRef extends ReflectedTypeRef<format.RtGenericType> {
    get kind() { return 'generic' as const; }
    toString() { return `${this.baseType}<${this.typeParameters.join(', ')}>`; }
 
    private _baseType: ReflectedTypeRef;
    get baseType(): ReflectedTypeRef {
        if (this._baseType)
            return this._baseType;
        return this._baseType = ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(this.ref.t);
    }
 
    private _typeParameters: ReflectedTypeRef[];
    get typeParameters(): ReflectedTypeRef[] {
        if (this._typeParameters)
            return this._typeParameters;
        return this._typeParameters = this.ref.p.map(p => ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(p));
    }
 
    protected override matches(ref : this) {
        if (this.typeParameters.length !== ref.typeParameters.length)
            return false;
        return this.typeParameters.every((x, i) => x.equals(ref.typeParameters[i]));
    }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions): boolean {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
        return this.baseType.matchesValue(value, options);
    }
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('enum')
export class ReflectedEnumRef extends ReflectedTypeRef<format.RtEnumType> {
    get kind() { return 'enum' as const; }
    toString() { return `enum`; } // TODO: name of enum?
 
    private _enum: any;
 
    get enum() {
        if (!this._enum)
            this._enum = this.ref.e;
        return this._enum;
    }
 
    private _name: string;
 
    get name() {
        if (!this._name)
            this._name = this.ref.n;
        return this._name;
    }
 
    private _values: EnumValue[];
 
    get values() {
        if (!this._values) {
            this._values = Object.keys(this.enum)
                .filter(x => !/^\d+$/.test(x))
                .map(name => ({ name, value: this.enum[name] }))
            ;
        }

        return this._values;
    }
 
    protected override matches(ref : this) {
        return this.enum === ref.enum;
    }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions): boolean {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
        return value in this.enum;
    }
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('function')
export class ReflectedFunctionRef extends ReflectedTypeRef<format.RtFunctionType> {
    get kind() { return 'function' as const; }
    toString() { return `function`; } // TODO: details
 
    private _returnType: ReflectedTypeRef;
 
    get returnType() {
        return this._returnType ??= ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(this.ref.r);
    }
 
    private _parameters: ReflectedParameter[];
 
    get parameters() {
        return this._parameters ??= (this.ref.p ?? []).map((p, i) => new ReflectedParameter(p, i));
    }
 
    private _flags: ReflectedFlags;
 
    /**
     * No use for this yet, reserved for future use
     * @internal
     */
    get flags() {
        return this._flags ??= new ReflectedFlags(this.ref.f);
    }
 
    protected override matches(ref : this | ReflectedFunction) {
        return this.returnType.equals(ref.returnType)
            && this.parameters.every((p, i) => p.equals(ref.parameters[i]))
            && this.flags.toString() === ref.flags.toString()
        ;
    }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions): boolean {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
        return this.matches(ReflectedFunction.for(value));
    }
}
 
export interface EnumValue {
    name: string;
    value: number;
}
 
@ReflectedTypeRef.Kind('mapped')
export class ReflectedMappedRef extends ReflectedTypeRef<format.RtMappedType> {
    get kind() { return 'mapped' as const; }
    toString() { return `${this.baseType}<${this.typeParameters.join(', ')}>`; }
 
    private _baseType: ReflectedTypeRef;
    get baseType(): ReflectedTypeRef {
        if (this._baseType)
            return this._baseType;
        return this._baseType = ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(this.ref.t);
    }
 
    private _typeParameters: ReflectedTypeRef[];
    get typeParameters(): ReflectedTypeRef[] {
        if (this._typeParameters)
            return this._typeParameters;
        return this._typeParameters = this.ref.p.map(p => ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(p));
    }
 
    private _members: ReflectedObjectMember[];
 
    get members(): Readonly<ReflectedObjectMember[]> {
        if (!this._members)
            this._members = this.ref.m.map(m => new ReflectedObjectMember(m));

        return this._members;
    }
 
    protected override matches(ref : this) {
        if (this.typeParameters.length !== ref.typeParameters.length)
            return false;
        return this.typeParameters.every((x, i) => x.equals(ref.typeParameters[i]));
    }
 
    override matchesValue(value: any, options?: MatchesValueOptions): boolean {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];

        if (!this.ref.m)
            return this.baseType.matchesValue(value, options);

        if (typeof value !== 'object')
            return false;

        let matches = true;
        for (let member of this.members) {
            let hasValue = member.name in value;

            if (!hasValue) {
                if (!member.isOptional) {
                    options.errors.push(new TypeError(`Missing value for member ${member.toString()}`));
                    matches = false;
                }
                continue;
            }

            let memberValue = value[member.name];
            let memberErrors = [];
            if (!member.type.matchesValue(memberValue, { ...options, errors: memberErrors })) {
                options.errors.push(new TypeError(`Value for member ${member.toString()} is invalid`));
                options.errors.push(...memberErrors);
                matches = false;
            }
        }

        return matches;
    }
}
 
export class ReflectedTupleElement {
    constructor(readonly ref: Readonly<format.RtTupleElement>) {
    }
 
    toString() {
        return `${this.name} : ${this.type}`;
    }
 
    get name(): string {
        return this.ref.n;
    }
 
    private _type: ReflectedTypeRef;
    get type(): ReflectedTypeRef {
        if (this._type)
            return this._type;
        return this._type = ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(this.ref.t);
    }
}
 
export class ReflectedFlags {
    constructor(flags: string) {
        if (!flags)
            flags = '';
        Object.keys(this.flagToProperty)
            .forEach(flag => this[this.flagToProperty[flag]] = flags.includes(flag));
    }
 
    private flagToProperty: Record<string, string>;
    private propertyToFlag: Record<string, string>;
 
    @Flag(format.F_READONLY) isReadonly: boolean;
    @Flag(format.F_ABSTRACT) isAbstract: boolean;
    @Flag(format.F_PUBLIC) isPublic: boolean;
    @Flag(format.F_PRIVATE) isPrivate: boolean;
    @Flag(format.F_PROTECTED) isProtected: boolean;
    @Flag(format.F_PROPERTY) isProperty: boolean;
    @Flag(format.F_METHOD) isMethod: boolean;
    @Flag(format.F_CLASS) isClass: boolean;
    @Flag(format.F_INTERFACE) isInterface: boolean;
    @Flag(format.F_OPTIONAL) isOptional: boolean;
    @Flag(format.F_REST) isRest: boolean;
    @Flag(format.F_ASYNC) isAsync: boolean;
    @Flag(format.F_EXPORTED) isExported: boolean;
    @Flag(format.F_INFERRED) isInferred: boolean;
    @Flag(format.F_OMITTED) isOmitted: boolean;
    @Flag(format.F_ARRAY_BINDING) isArrayBinding: boolean;
    @Flag(format.F_OBJECT_BINDING) isObjectBinding: boolean;
 
    toString() {
        return Object.keys(this.propertyToFlag)
            .map(property => this[property] ? this.propertyToFlag[property] : '')
            .join('');
    }
 
}
 
export type Visibility = 'public' | 'private' | 'protected';
 
/**
 * Reflection data for a parameter
 */
export class ReflectedParameter<ValueT = any> {
    constructor(
        readonly rawMetadata: format.RtParameter,
        readonly index: number
    ) {
    }
 
    private _flags: ReflectedFlags;
 
    get isBinding() {
        return this.isArrayBinding || this.isObjectBinding;
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this parameter is an array binding expression (destructured assignment).
     */
    get isArrayBinding() {
        return this.flags.isArrayBinding;
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this parameter is an object binding expression (destructured assignment).
     */
    get isObjectBinding() {
        return this.flags.isObjectBinding;
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this parameter is an omitted slot within an array binding expression.
     * ie, if the user declares [foo, ,bar], then the second binding will have isOmitted true.
     * See: destructured assignment.
     */
    get isOmitted() {
        return this.flags.isOmitted;
    }
 
    private _bindings: ReflectedParameter[];
 
    /**
     * If this is an object/array binding (ie destructured assignment),
     * this will return the individual bindings that are part of this declaration.
     */
    get bindings() {
        if (!this.isBinding)
            return undefined;

        if (!this._bindings) {
            (this.rawMetadata.b || []).map((bindingElement, i) => new ReflectedParameter(bindingElement, i))
        }

        return this._bindings;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the unmangled original name for this parameter. This may be undefined if the parameter is an array/object
     * binding expression (destructured assignment).
     */
    get name() {
        return this.rawMetadata.n;
    }
 
    private _type: ReflectedTypeRef;
 
    /**
     * Get the reflected type of this parameter
     */
    get type(): ReflectedTypeRef {
        if (this._type)
            return this._type;
        return this._type = ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(this.rawMetadata.t());
    }
 
    /**
     * Get flags that define aspects of this property.
     */
    get flags() {
        if (this._flags)
            return this._flags;

        return this._flags = new ReflectedFlags(this.rawMetadata.f);
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this parameter is optional
     */
    get isOptional() {
        return this.flags.isOptional;
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this parameter is a rest parameter
     */
    get isRest() {
        return this.flags.isRest;
    }
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the initializer for this parameter. Invoking the initializer produces the
     * default value for the parameter. Caution: The initializer depends on the value of 'this'.
     * Use evaluateInitializer() to properly invoke the initializer.
     */
    get initializer(): () => ValueT {
        return this.rawMetadata.v;
    }
 
    /**
     * Evaluate the initializer for this parameter with the given value for 'this'. If not provided,
     * 'this' is an empty object. This is suitable for constructor parameters but instance method parameters
     * may reference properties of the object, and so getting the correct value may require passing an
     * appropriate instance.
     *
     * @param thisObject
     * @returns
     */
    evaluateInitializer(thisObject: any = {}) {
        return this.initializer.apply(thisObject, []);
    }
 
    /**
     * Check if this parameter declaration is identical to another parameter declaration (including its name).
     *
     * @param other The other parameter to check against
     * @param checkName If true, the name is checked, otherwise it is ignored
     * @returns
     */
    equals(other: ReflectedParameter, checkName = true) {
        return (!checkName || this.name === other.name)
            && this.type.equals(other.type)
            && this.flags.toString() === other.flags.toString()
        ;
    }
}
 
/**
 * Reflection data for a method parameter
 */
export class ReflectedMethodParameter extends ReflectedParameter {
    constructor(
        readonly method: ReflectedMethod,
        readonly rawMetadata: format.RtParameter,
        readonly index: number,
    ) {
        super(rawMetadata, index);
    }
 
    get parent() { return this.method; }
    get class() { return this.method.class; }
}
 
/**
 * Reflection data for a method parameter
 */
export class ReflectedFunctionParameter extends ReflectedParameter {
    constructor(
        readonly func: ReflectedFunction,
        readonly rawMetadata: format.RtParameter,
        readonly index: number
    ) {
        super(rawMetadata, index);
    }
 
    get parent() { return this.func; }
}
 
/**
 * Reflection data for a constructor parameter
 */
export class ReflectedConstructorParameter extends ReflectedParameter {
    constructor(
        readonly reflectedClass: ReflectedClass,
        readonly rawMetadata: format.RtParameter,
        readonly index: number
    ) {
        super(rawMetadata, index);
        this._class = reflectedClass;
    }
 
    private _class: ReflectedClass;
 
    get parent() { return this.class; }
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the reflected class that this constructor parameter is defined on.
     */
    get class() {
        return this._class;
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this constructor parameter is declared readonly, meaning it is
     * also an instance property of the class.
     */
    get isReadonly() {
        return this.flags.isReadonly;
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this constructor parameter is declared public, meaning it is
     * also an instance property of the class.
     */
    get isPublic() {
        return this.flags.isPublic;
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this constructor parameter is declared protected, meaning it is
     * also an instance property of the class.
     */
    get isProtected() {
        return this.flags.isProtected;
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this constructor parameter is declared private, meaning it is
     * also an instance property of the class.
     */
    get isPrivate() {
        return this.flags.isPrivate;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get visibility of this constructor parameter. If the constructor
     * parameter has no visibility modifiers, this is null.
     */
    get visibility(): Visibility {
        return this.isPublic ? 'public'
            : this.isProtected ? 'protected'
                : this.isPrivate ? 'private'
                    : null;
    }
 
    /**
     * True if the constructor parameter is also a property.
     */
    get isProperty() {
        return this.visibility !== null || this.isReadonly;
    }
}
 
/**
 * Reflection data for a class member
 */
export class ReflectedMember implements ReflectedMetadataTarget {
    constructor(
        reflectedClass: ReflectedClass,
        readonly name: string,
        readonly isStatic: boolean
    ) {
        this._class = reflectedClass;
    }
 
    private _class: ReflectedClass;
    private _flags: ReflectedFlags;
 
    /**
     * Get the given metadata key for this member. This is equivalent to
     * Reflect.getMetadata(key, this.host, this.name)
     * @param key
     * @returns
     */
    getMetadata<T = any>(key: string): T {
        return Reflect.getMetadata(key, this.host, this.name);
    }
 
    /**
     * Define a metadata key for this member. This is equivalent to
     * Reflect.defineMetadata(key, value, this.host, this.name)
     * @param key
     * @returns
     */
    defineMetadata<T = any>(key: string, value: T) {
        Reflect.defineMetadata(key, value, this.host, this.name);
        return value;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get or define a metadata item for this member. If the key already exists, its
     * value is returned without calling the passed function. Otherwise the passed function
     * is called and its value is saved to the given metadata key.
     *
     * @param key The metadata key to fetch
     * @param definer A function which will define the value of the metadata
     * @returns The value of the existing metadata key or the new value returned by the definer function
     *          which will also be defined as the appropriate metadata item on this member.
     */
    metadata<T = any>(key: string, definer: () => T): T {
        if (this.hasMetadata(key))
            return this.getMetadata(key);
        let value = definer();
        this.defineMetadata(key, value);
        return value;
    }
 
    /**
     * Check if a metadata key exists for this member. This is equivalent to
     * Reflect.hasMetadata(key, this.host, this.name)
     * @param key
     * @returns
     */
    hasMetadata(key: string): boolean {
        return Reflect.hasMetadata(key, this.host, this.name);
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the host object for this method. For static members this is the
     * class constructor. For instance members this is the class's prototype.
     */
    get host() {
        return this.isStatic ? this.class.class : this.class.prototype;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the reflected class that hosts this member
     */
    get class() {
        return this._class;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the flags for this member. Includes modifiers and other properties about
     * the member.
     */
    get flags(): Readonly<ReflectedFlags> {
        if (this._flags)
            return this._flags;

        return this._flags = new ReflectedFlags(this.getMetadata('rt:f'));
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this member is abstract.
     */
    get isAbstract() {
        return this.flags.isAbstract;
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this member has private visibility.
     */
    get isPrivate() {
        return this.flags.isPrivate;
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this member has public visibility.
     */
    get isPublic() {
        return this.visibility === 'public';
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this member is specifically marked as public
     * (as opposed to default visibility).
     */
    get isMarkedPublic() {
        return this.flags.isPublic;
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this member has protected visibility.
     */
    get isProtected() {
        return this.flags.isProtected;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the visibility (accessibility) of this member.
     * Can be 'public', 'protected', or 'private'
     */
    get visibility(): Visibility {
        return this.isMarkedPublic ? 'public'
            : this.isProtected ? 'protected'
                : this.isPrivate ? 'private'
                    : 'public';
    }
 
    /**
     * Whether this member is marked as optional.
     */
    get isOptional() {
        return this.flags.isOptional;
    }
}
 
export class ReflectedFunction<T extends Function = Function> implements ReflectedMetadataTarget {
    private constructor(
        readonly func: T
    ) {
    }
 
    private _flags: ReflectedFlags;
    private _returnType: ReflectedTypeRef;
    private _rawParameterMetadata: format.RtParameter[];
    private _parameters: ReflectedFunctionParameter[];
 
    private static reflectedFunctions = new WeakMap<object, ReflectedFunction>();
 
    static for(func: Function): ReflectedFunction {
        if (typeof func !== 'function')
            throw new TypeError(`Passed value is not a function`);

        let existing = this.reflectedFunctions.get(func);
        if (!existing) {
            this.reflectedFunctions.set(
                func,
                existing = new ReflectedFunction<Function>(func)
            );
        }

        return existing;
    }
 
    /**
     * Create a new ReflectedClass instance for the given type without sharing. Used during testing.
     * @internal
     **/
    static new<FunctionT extends Function>(func: FunctionT) {
        return new ReflectedFunction<FunctionT>(func);
    }
 
    matchesValue(object, errors: Error[] = [], context?: string) {
        return object === this.func;
    }
 
    /**
     * Check if the function has the given metadata key defined. This is equivalent
     * to Reflect.hasMetadata(key, value, this.func)
     * @param key
     * @returns
     */
    hasMetadata(key: string): boolean {
        return Reflect.hasMetadata(key, this.func);
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the specified metadata key for this function. This is equivalent
     * to Reflect.getMetadata(key, value, this.func)
     * @param key
     * @returns
     */
    getMetadata<T = any>(key: string): T {
        return Reflect.getMetadata(key, this.func);
    }
 
    /**
     * Define a metadata key for this function. This is equivalent
     * to Reflect.defineMetadata(key, value, this.func)
     * @param key The metadata key to define.
     * @param value
     */
    defineMetadata<T = any>(key: string, value: T) {
        Reflect.defineMetadata(key, value, this.func);
        return value;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get or define a metadata item for this function. If the key already exists, its
     * value is returned without calling the passed function. Otherwise the passed function
     * is called and its value is saved to the given metadata key.
     *
     * @param key The metadata key to fetch
     * @param definer A function which will define the value of the metadata
     * @returns The value of the existing metadata key or the new value returned by the definer function
     *          which will also be defined as the appropriate metadata item on this function.
     */
    metadata<T = any>(key: string, definer: () => T): T {
        if (this.hasMetadata(key))
            return this.getMetadata(key);
        let value = definer();
        this.defineMetadata(key, value);
        return value;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the flags for this function.
     */
    get flags(): Readonly<ReflectedFlags> {
        if (this._flags)
            return this._flags;

        return this._flags = new ReflectedFlags(this.getMetadata('rt:f'));
    }
 
    /**
     * @internal
     */
    get rawParameterMetadata(): format.RtParameter[] {
        if (this._rawParameterMetadata)
            return this._rawParameterMetadata;

        return this._rawParameterMetadata = this.getMetadata('rt:p') || [];
    }
 
    /**
     * Names of the parameters for this function.
     */
    get parameterNames() {
        return this.rawParameterMetadata.map(x => x.n);
    }
 
    private _parameterTypes: ReflectedTypeRef[];
 
    /**
     * Types for the parameter types of this function.
     */
    get parameterTypes() {
        if (this._parameterTypes !== undefined)
            return this._parameterTypes;

        if (this.rawParameterMetadata !== undefined) {
            return this._parameterTypes = this.rawParameterMetadata.map(param => {
                return param.t ? ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(param.t()) : ReflectedTypeRef.createUnknown();
            });
        } else if (this.hasMetadata('design:paramtypes')) {
            let params: Function[] = this.getMetadata('design:paramtypes');
            return this._parameterTypes = (params || []).map(t => ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(() => t));
        }

        return [];
    }
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the set of reflected parameters for this method.
     */
    get parameters(): ReflectedFunctionParameter[] {
        if (this._parameters)
            return this._parameters;

        return this._parameters = this.rawParameterMetadata.map((x, i) => new ReflectedFunctionParameter(this, x, i));
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the parameter with the specified name
     * @param name
     * @returns The reflected parameter
     */
    getParameter(name: string) {
        return this.parameters.find(x => x.name === name);
    }
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the return type of this function.
     */
    get returnType(): ReflectedTypeRef {
        if (this._returnType !== undefined)
            return this._returnType;

        let typeResolver = this.getMetadata('rt:t');
        if (!typeResolver && this.hasMetadata('design:returntype')) {
            let designReturnType = this.getMetadata('design:returntype');
            typeResolver = () => (designReturnType || null);
        }

        if (!typeResolver)
            return ReflectedTypeRef.createUnknown();

        return this._returnType = ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(typeResolver());
    }
 
    /**
     * True if the return type was inferred using the Typescript type checker. False if
     * the return type was defined explicitly.
     */
    get returnTypeInferred() {
        return this.flags.isInferred;
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this function is declared as async.
     */
    get isAsync() {
        return this.flags.isAsync;
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this function is a variadic function.
     */
    get isVariadic() {
        return this.parameters.find(v => v.isRest) !== undefined;
    }
}
 
/**
 * Reflection data for a class method
 */
export class ReflectedMethod<T extends Function = Function> extends ReflectedMember {
    private _returnType: ReflectedTypeRef;
    private _rawParameterMetadata: format.RtParameter[];
    private _parameters: ReflectedMethodParameter[];
 
    matchesValue(object, errors: Error[] = [], context?: string) {
        return object === this.func;
    }
 
    get func() {
        if (this.isStatic)
            return this.class[this.name];
        else
            return this.class.prototype[this.name];
    }
 
    /**
     * @internal
     */
    get rawParameterMetadata(): format.RtParameter[] {
        if (this._rawParameterMetadata)
            return this._rawParameterMetadata;

        return this._rawParameterMetadata = this.getMetadata('rt:p') || [];
    }
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the reflected method for the given method function.
     * If the function is not a method, a TypeError is thrown.
     * @param method
     */
    static for(method: Function) {
        if (!hasAnyFlag(method, [format.F_METHOD]))
            throw new TypeError(`The function is not a method, or the class is not annotated with runtime type metadata`);

        if (!Reflect.hasMetadata('rt:h', method))
            throw new TypeError(`The function is a method, but is not annotated with a host class`);

        let host = Reflect.getMetadata('rt:h', method);

        if (!host)
            throw new TypeError(`The method has a defined host, but it is null/undefined`);

        return ReflectedClass.for(host()).getMethod(method.name);
    }
 
    /**
     * Retrieve an array with the parameter names for this method.
     */
    get parameterNames() {
        return this.rawParameterMetadata.map(x => x.n);
    }
 
    private _parameterTypes: ReflectedTypeRef[];
 
    /**
     * Retrieve an array with the parameter types for this method.
     */
    get parameterTypes() {
        if (this._parameterTypes !== undefined)
            return this._parameterTypes;

        if (this.rawParameterMetadata !== undefined) {
            return this._parameterTypes = this.rawParameterMetadata.map(param => {
                return param.t ? ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(param.t()) : ReflectedTypeRef.createUnknown();
            });
        } else if (this.hasMetadata('design:paramtypes')) {
            let params: Function[] = this.getMetadata('design:paramtypes');
            return this._parameterTypes = (params || []).map(t => ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(() => t));
        }

        return [];
    }
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the set of reflected parameters for this method.
     */
    get parameters() {
        if (this._parameters)
            return this._parameters;

        return this._parameters = this.rawParameterMetadata.map((x, i) => new ReflectedMethodParameter(this, x, i));
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a reflected parameter by name
     * @param name
     * @returns The reflected parameter
     */
    getParameter(name: string) {
        return this.parameters.find(x => x.name === name);
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the return type of this method.
     */
    get returnType(): ReflectedTypeRef {
        if (this._returnType !== undefined)
            return this._returnType;

        let typeResolver = this.getMetadata('rt:t');
        if (!typeResolver && this.hasMetadata('design:returntype')) {
            let designReturnType = this.getMetadata('design:returntype');
            typeResolver = () => (designReturnType || null);
        }

        if (!typeResolver)
            return ReflectedTypeRef.createUnknown();

        return this._returnType = ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(typeResolver());
    }
 
    /**
     * True if the return type was inferred using the Typescript type checker. False if
     * the return type was defined explicitly.
     */
    get returnTypeInferred() {
        return this.flags.isInferred;
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this method is declared as async.
     */
    get isAsync() {
        return this.flags.isAsync;
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this function is a variadic function.
     */
    get isVariadic() {
        return this.parameters.find(v => v.isRest) !== undefined;
    }
}
 
/**
 * Represents a constructor for a specific type.
 */
export interface Constructor<T> extends Function {
    new(...args): T;
}
 
/**
 * Represents a reflected property of a class or interface.
 */
export class ReflectedProperty extends ReflectedMember {
    private _type: ReflectedTypeRef;
 
    /**
     * Get the type of this property.
     */
    get type(): ReflectedTypeRef {
        if (this._type !== undefined)
            return this._type;
 
        let typeResolver: () => any;
        if (this.hasMetadata('rt:t')) {
            typeResolver = this.getMetadata('rt:t');
        } else if (this.hasMetadata('design:type')) {
            let designType = this.getMetadata('design:type');
            typeResolver = () => designType;
        }
 
        if (!typeResolver)
            return this._type = ReflectedTypeRef.createUnknown();
 
        return this._type = ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(typeResolver());
    }
 
    /**
     * True if this property is marked readonly.
     */
    get isReadonly() {
        return this.flags.isReadonly;
    }
 
    /**
     * Check if the given value matches the type of this property, and would
     * thus be a valid assignment.
     * @param object
     * @param errors
     * @returns
     */
    matchesValue(object, options?: MatchesValueOptions) {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
        return this.type.matchesValue(object, options);
    }
}
 
function getFlags(value): string {
    if (!Reflect.hasMetadata('rt:f', value))
        return '';

    let flagsValue = Reflect.getMetadata('rt:f', value);
    if (typeof flagsValue === 'string')
        return flagsValue;
    return '';
}
 
function hasAnyFlag(value, desiredFlags: string[]) {
    let flags = getFlags(value);
    return desiredFlags.some(x => flags.includes(x));
}
 
function hasAllFlags(value, desiredFlags: string[]) {
    let flags = getFlags(value);
    return desiredFlags.every(x => flags.includes(x));
}
 
export interface ReflectedMetadataTarget {
    /**
     * Check if the target has the given metadata key defined.
     * @param key
     * @returns
     */
    hasMetadata(key: string): boolean;
 
    /**
     * Get the specified metadata key.
     * @param key
     * @returns
     */
    getMetadata<T = any>(key: string): T;
 
    /**
     * Define a metadata key on this class.
     * @param key
     * @param value
     * @returns
     */
    defineMetadata<T = any>(key: string, value: T): T;
 
    /**
     * Get or define a metadata item for this target. If the key already exists, its
     * value is returned without calling the passed function. Otherwise the passed function
     * is called and its value is saved to the given metadata key.
     *
     * @param key The metadata key to fetch
     * @param definer A function which will define the value of the metadata
     * @returns The value of the existing metadata key or the new value returned by the definer function
     *          which will also be defined as the appropriate metadata item on this target.
     */
    metadata<T = any>(key: string, definer: () => T): T;
}
 
/**
 * Provides access to the known runtime type metadata for a particular class
 * or Interface value (as obtained by reify<InterfaceT>()).
 */
@Sealed()
export class ReflectedClass<ClassT = any> implements ReflectedMetadataTarget {
    /**
     * Constructs a new ReflectedClass. Use ReflectedClass.for() to obtain a ReflectedClass.
     */
    private constructor(
        klass: Constructor<ClassT> | format.InterfaceToken
    ) {
        this._class = klass;
    }
 
    /**
     * Obtain a ReflectedClass for the given class constructor, Interface value or instance.
     * @param constructorOrValue Can be a class constructor, Interface, or an instance of a class (in which case the
     *                           instance's constructor will be used)
     * @returns The ReflectedClass.
     */
    static for<ClassT extends object>(constructorOrValue: Constructor<ClassT> | format.InterfaceToken | Function | InstanceType<Constructor<ClassT>>) {
 
        let flags = getFlags(constructorOrValue);
        if (flags.includes(format.F_INTERFACE))
            return this.forConstructorOrInterface(<format.InterfaceToken>constructorOrValue);
        else if (flags.includes(format.F_CLASS))
            return this.forConstructorOrInterface(<Constructor<ClassT>>constructorOrValue);
        else if (flags.includes(format.F_FUNCTION))
            throw new TypeError(`Value is a function, use ReflectedFunction.for() or reflect(func) instead`);
 
        // Heuristic based on shape
        if (typeof constructorOrValue === 'function' || ('name' in constructorOrValue && 'prototype' in constructorOrValue && typeof constructorOrValue.identity === 'symbol'))
            return this.forConstructorOrInterface(<Constructor<ClassT> | format.InterfaceToken>constructorOrValue);

        // Assume it's an instance of a class
        return this.forConstructorOrInterface(<Constructor<ClassT>>constructorOrValue.constructor);
    }
 
    private static reflectedClasses = new WeakMap<object, ReflectedClass>();
 
    /**
     * Create a new ReflectedClass instance for the given type without sharing. Used during testing.
     * @internal
     **/
    static new<ClassT>(constructorOrInterface: Constructor<ClassT> | format.InterfaceToken) {
        return new ReflectedClass<ClassT>(<Constructor<ClassT> | format.InterfaceToken>constructorOrInterface);
    }
 
 
    private static forConstructorOrInterface<ClassT>(constructorOrInterface: Constructor<ClassT> | format.InterfaceToken) {
        let existing = this.reflectedClasses.get(constructorOrInterface);
        if (!existing) {
            this.reflectedClasses.set(
                constructorOrInterface,
                existing = new ReflectedClass<ClassT>(<Constructor<ClassT> | format.InterfaceToken>constructorOrInterface)
            );
        }
 
        return existing;
    }
 
    private _class: Constructor<ClassT> | format.InterfaceToken;
    private _ownMethods: ReflectedMethod[];
    private _methods: ReflectedMethod[];
    private _ownPropertyNames: string[];
    private _ownMethodNames: string[];
    private _methodNames: string[];
    private _super: ReflectedClass;
    private _rawParameterMetadata: format.RtParameter[];
    private _parameters: ReflectedConstructorParameter[];
    private _ownProperties: ReflectedProperty[];
    private _properties: ReflectedProperty[];
    private _flags: ReflectedFlags;
 
    private _interfaces: ReflectedTypeRef[];
 
    /**
     * Get the interfaces that this class implements, or that this interface extends.
     * Note that if the class implements another class as an interface, you will receive
     * a class type reference for that, not an interface type reference.
     */
    get interfaces() {
        if (this._interfaces !== undefined)
            return this._interfaces;

        if (this.hasMetadata('rt:i')) {
            return this._interfaces = (<(() => format.RtType)[]>this.getMetadata('rt:i'))
                .map(resolver => resolver())
                .filter(x => !!x)
                .map(ref => ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(ref))
                ;
        }

        return [];
    }
 
    /**
     * Check if this class implements the given interface. The parameter can be a reified interface
     * reference or a class reference. Note that implementing a class is not the same as extending a class.
     * Note that this will return true only if this class explicitly declares that an interface is implemented.
     *
     * @param interfaceType
     * @returns boolean
     */
    implements(interfaceType: format.InterfaceToken | Constructor<any>) {
        return !!this.interfaces.find(i => typeof interfaceType === 'function'
            ? i.isClass(interfaceType) : i.isInterface(interfaceType));
    }
 
    /**
     * Check if the given value matches the shape of this type, and thus would be a valid assignment.
     * @param object
     * @param errors
     * @returns
     */
    matchesValue(object, options?: MatchesValueOptions) {
        options ??= {};
        options.errors ??= [];
 
        if (object === null || object === void 0) {
            options.errors.push(new Error(`Value is undefined`));
            return false;
        }
 
        if (typeof object !== 'object') {
            options.errors.push(new Error(`Value must be an object`));
            return false;
        }
 
        let matches = true;
 
        if (globalThis.RTTI_TRACE === true)
            console.log(`Type checking value against type '${this.class.name}'`);
        for (let prop of this.properties) {
            let hasValue = prop.name in object;
            let value = object[prop.name];
 
            if (!hasValue && !prop.isOptional) {
                options.errors.push(new Error(`Property '${prop.name}' is missing in value`));
                matches = false;
            }
            if (!hasValue)
                continue;
            let propMatch = prop.matchesValue(value, options);
            if (globalThis.RTTI_TRACE === true)
                console.log(` - ${this.class.name}#${prop.name} : ${prop.type} | valid(${JSON.stringify(value)}) => `
                    + `${propMatch}`);
 
            matches &&= propMatch;
        }
 
        let unaccountedProperties = Object.keys(object)
            .filter(x => !this.properties.some(y => y.name === x) && !this.methods.some(y => y.name === x))
        ;
        if (options.allowExtraProperties !== true && unaccountedProperties.length > 0) {
            options.errors.push(
                new Error(
                    `Object contains the following undeclared properties: `
                    + `${unaccountedProperties.join(', ')}`
                )
            );
            matches = false;
        }
 
        return matches;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the prototype object for this reflected class.
     */
    get prototype() {
        return this._class.prototype;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the class constructor for this reflected class.
     */
    get class() {
        return this._class;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the reflected superclass for this class. If this is an interface,
     * this will always be undefined. If you are looking to access the classes/interfaces that
     * an interface extends, use the "interfaces" property.
     */
    get super(): ReflectedClass {
        if (this._super !== undefined)
            return this._super;
 
        let parentClass = Object.getPrototypeOf(this.class.prototype)?.constructor ?? Object;
        if (parentClass === Object)
            return this._super = null;
        else
            return this._super = ReflectedClass.for(parentClass);
    }
 
    private _hasPropertyNamesMeta = false;
 
    /**
     * Check if the function has the given metadata key defined. This is equivalent
     * to Reflect.hasMetadata(key, this.class)
     * @param key
     * @returns
     */
    hasMetadata(key: string): boolean {
        return Reflect.hasMetadata(key, this.class);
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the specified metadata key. This is equivalent to Reflect.getMetadata(key, this.class).
     * @param key
     * @returns
     */
    getMetadata<T = any>(key: string): T {
        return Reflect.getMetadata(key, this.class);
    }
 
    /**
     * Define a metadata key on this class. This is equivalent to Reflect.defineMetadata(key, value, this.class).
     * @param key
     * @param value
     * @returns
     */
    defineMetadata<T = any>(key: string, value: T): T {
        Reflect.defineMetadata(key, value, this.class);
        return value;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get or define a metadata item for this class/interface. If the key already exists, its
     * value is returned without calling the passed function. Otherwise the passed function
     * is called and its value is saved to the given metadata key.
     *
     * @param key The metadata key to fetch
     * @param definer A function which will define the value of the metadata
     * @returns The value of the existing metadata key or the new value returned by the definer function
     *          which will also be defined as the appropriate metadata item on this class/interface.
     */
    metadata<T = any>(key: string, definer: () => T): T {
        if (this.hasMetadata(key))
            return this.getMetadata(key);
        let value = definer();
        this.defineMetadata(key, value);
        return value;
    }
 
    /**
     * Define a metadata key on this class's prototype object. This is equivalent to Reflect.defineMetadata(key, value, this.class.prototype)
     * @param key
     * @param value
     * @returns
     */
    definePrototypeMetadata<T = any>(key: string, value: T): T {
        Reflect.defineMetadata(key, value, this.class.prototype);
        return value;
    }
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the set of property names that are defined directly on this class, excluding
     * those which are inherited.
     */
    get ownPropertyNames(): string[] {
        if (this._ownPropertyNames)
            return this._ownPropertyNames;
 
        let propertyNames: string[];
 
        if (this.hasMetadata('rt:P')) {
            propertyNames = this.getMetadata('rt:P');
            this._hasPropertyNamesMeta = !!propertyNames;
        } else {
            propertyNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this.class.prototype)
                .filter(x => x !== 'constructor')
                .filter(x => {
                    // All properties which have `get` defined must be considered properties, not methods.
                    // We need to avoid executing getters inadvertently while determining the type of the property.
                    // https://github.com/typescript-rtti/typescript-rtti/issues/52
                    let descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(this.class.prototype, x);
                    if (descriptor.get)
                        return true;

                    return typeof this.class.prototype[x] === 'function';
                });
        }
 
        return this._ownPropertyNames = propertyNames || [];
    }
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the set of method names that are defined directly on this class, excluding
     * those which are inherited.
     */
    get ownMethodNames(): string[] {
        if (this._ownMethodNames)
            return this._ownMethodNames;

        let methodNames = this.getMetadata('rt:m');
        if (!methodNames) {
            methodNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this.class.prototype)
                .filter(x => x !== 'constructor')
                .filter(x => {
                    // All properties which have `get` defined must be considered properties, not methods.
                    // We need to avoid executing getters inadvertently while determining the type of the property.
                    // https://github.com/typescript-rtti/typescript-rtti/issues/52
                    let descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(this.class.prototype, x);
                    if (descriptor.get)
                        return false;

                    return typeof this.class.prototype[x] === 'function'
                });
        }

        return this._ownMethodNames = methodNames;
    }
 
    private _ownStaticPropertyNames: string[];
    private _hasStaticPropertyNameMeta = false;
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the set of static property names that are defined directly on this class, excluding
     * those which are inherited. Always empty for interfaces.
     */
    get ownStaticPropertyNames(): string[] {
        if (this._ownStaticPropertyNames)
            return this._ownStaticPropertyNames;

        let ownStaticPropertyNames = this.getMetadata('rt:SP');
        this._hasStaticPropertyNameMeta = !!ownStaticPropertyNames;
        if (!ownStaticPropertyNames) {
            this._hasStaticPropertyNameMeta = false;
            ownStaticPropertyNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this.class)
                .filter(x => !['length', 'prototype', 'name'].includes(x))
                .filter(x => typeof this.class[x] !== 'function')
                ;
        }
        return this._ownStaticPropertyNames = ownStaticPropertyNames;
    }
 
    private _ownStaticMethodNames: string[];
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the set of static method names that are defined directly on this class,
     * excluding those which are inherited. Always empty for interfaces
     */
    get ownStaticMethodNames(): string[] {
        if (this._ownStaticMethodNames)
            return this._ownStaticMethodNames;

        let ownStaticMethodNames = this.getMetadata('rt:Sm');
        if (!ownStaticMethodNames) {
            ownStaticMethodNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this.class)
                .filter(x => !['length', 'prototype', 'name'].includes(x))
                .filter(x => typeof this.class[x] === 'function');
        }

        return this._ownStaticMethodNames = ownStaticMethodNames;
    }
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the set of flags for this class/interface. Use this to check for modifiers or other properties
     * of the class/interface.
     */
    get flags(): Readonly<ReflectedFlags> {
        if (this._flags)
            return this._flags;

        return this._flags = new ReflectedFlags(this.getMetadata('rt:f'));
    }
 
    /**
     * True if the class is marked abstract.
     */
    get isAbstract() {
        return this.flags.isAbstract;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the instance method names for this reflected class/interface.
     */
    get methodNames(): string[] {
        if (this._methodNames)
            return this._methodNames;

        return this._methodNames = superMergeNames(
            this.ownMethodNames,
            this.super?.methodNames ?? []
        );
    }
 
    private _staticPropertyNames: string[];
 
    /**
     * Get the static property names defined for this reflected class. Always empty for interfaces.
     */
    get staticPropertyNames(): string[] {
        if (this._staticPropertyNames)
            return this._staticPropertyNames;

        return this._staticPropertyNames = superMergeNames(
            this.ownStaticPropertyNames,
            this.super?.staticPropertyNames ?? []
        );
    }
 
    private _staticMethodNames: string[];
 
    /**
     * Retrieve an array of the names of static methods defined on this reflected class.
     * Always empty for interfaces.
     */
    get staticMethodNames(): string[] {
        if (this._staticMethodNames)
            return this._staticMethodNames;

        return this._staticMethodNames = superMergeNames(
            this.ownStaticMethodNames,
            this.super?.staticMethodNames ?? []
        );
    }
 
    private _propertyNames: string[];
 
    /**
     * Retrieve an array of the names of instance properties defined on this class/interface
     */
    get propertyNames(): string[] {
        if (this._propertyNames)
            return this._propertyNames;

        return this._propertyNames = superMergeNames(
            this.ownPropertyNames,
            this.super?.propertyNames ?? []
        );
    }
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the set of reflected methods defined directly on this class/interface.
     */
    get ownMethods(): ReflectedMethod[] {
        if (this._ownMethods)
            return this._ownMethods;

        return this._ownMethods = this.ownMethodNames.map(name => new ReflectedMethod(<any>this, name, false));
    }
 
    private _ownStaticProperties: ReflectedProperty[];
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the set of reflected static properties defined directly on this class. Always empty
     * for interfaces.
     */
    get ownStaticProperties(): ReflectedProperty[] {
        if (this._ownStaticProperties)
            return this._ownStaticProperties;

        return this._ownStaticProperties = this.staticPropertyNames.map(x => new ReflectedProperty(<any>this, x, true));
    }
 
    private _ownStaticMethods: ReflectedMethod[];
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the set of reflected static methods defined directly on this class. Always
     * empty for interfaces.
     */
    get ownStaticMethods(): ReflectedMethod[] {
        if (this._ownStaticMethods)
            return this._ownStaticMethods;

        return this._ownStaticMethods = this.ownStaticMethodNames.map(name => new ReflectedMethod(<any>this, name, true));
    }
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the set of reflected instance methods defined on this class/interface.
     */
    get methods(): ReflectedMethod[] {
        if (this._methods)
            return this._methods;

        return this._methods = superMergeElements(
            this.ownMethods,
            this.super?.methods ?? []
        );
    }
 
    private _staticProperties: ReflectedProperty[];
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the set of reflected static properties defined on this class. Always
     * empty for interfaces.
     */
    get staticProperties() {
        if (this._staticProperties)
            return this._staticProperties;

        return this._staticProperties = superMergeElements(
            this.ownStaticProperties,
            this.super?.staticProperties ?? []
        );
    }
 
    private _staticMethods: ReflectedMethod[];
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the set of reflected static methods defined on this class. Always
     * empty for interfaces
     */
    get staticMethods(): ReflectedMethod[] {
        if (this._staticMethods)
            return this._staticMethods;

        return this._staticMethods = superMergeElements(
            this.ownStaticMethods,
            this.super?.staticMethods ?? []
        );
    }
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the set of reflected instance properties defined directly on this class/interface
     */
    get ownProperties(): ReflectedProperty[] {
        if (this._ownProperties)
            return this._ownProperties;
 
        return this._ownProperties = this.ownPropertyNames.map(name => new ReflectedProperty(<any>this, name, false));
    }
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the set of reflected instance methods defined on this class/interface
     */
    get properties(): ReflectedProperty[] {
        if (this._properties)
            return this._properties;
 
        return this._properties = superMergeElements(
            this.ownProperties,
            this.super?.properties ?? []
        );
    }
 
    private get rawParameterMetadata(): format.RtParameter[] {
        if (this._rawParameterMetadata)
            return this._rawParameterMetadata;

        let rawParams = this.getMetadata('rt:p');
        if (rawParams === void 0 && this.hasMetadata('design:paramtypes')) {
            let types = this.getMetadata('design:paramtypes');
            let names = getParameterNames(<Function>this.class);
            rawParams = names.map((n, i) => ({ n, t: () => types[i] }));
        }

        return this._rawParameterMetadata = rawParams || [];
    }
 
    /**
     * Retrieve an array of the parameter names for this class's constructor.
     */
    get parameterNames() {
        return this.rawParameterMetadata.map(x => x.n);
    }
 
    /**
     * Retrieve an array of the types for the parameters of this class's
     * constructor.
     */
    get parameterTypes() {
        return this.rawParameterMetadata.map(x => x.t);
    }
 
    /**
     * Retrieve the set of reflected parameters for this class's constructor.
     */
    get parameters(): ReflectedConstructorParameter[] {
        if (this._parameters)
            return this._parameters;

        return this._parameters = this.rawParameterMetadata.map((x, i) => new ReflectedConstructorParameter(<any>this, x, i));
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a reflected constructor parameter by name.
     * @param name
     * @returns
     */
    getParameter(name: string) {
        return this.parameters.find(x => x.name === name);
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a reflected instance method (declared directly on this class) by name
     * @param name
     * @returns
     */
    getOwnMethod(name: string) {
        return this.ownMethods.find(x => x.name === name);
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a reflected instance method by name
     * @param name
     * @returns
     */
    getMethod(name: string) {
        return this.methods.find(x => x.name === name);
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a reflected static method by name
     * @param name
     * @returns
     */
    getStaticMethod(name: string) {
        return this.staticMethods.find(x => x.name === name);
    }
 
    private _dynamicStaticProperties = new Map<string, ReflectedProperty>();
 
    /**
     * Get a reflected static property (declared directly on this class) by name
     * @param name
     * @returns
     */
    getOwnStaticProperty(name: string) {
        let matchingProp = this.ownStaticProperties.find(x => x.name === name);
        if (matchingProp)
            return matchingProp;

        if (!this._hasStaticPropertyNameMeta) {
            if (this._dynamicStaticProperties.has(name))
                return this._dynamicStaticProperties.get(name);

            let prop = new ReflectedProperty(this, name, true);
            this._dynamicStaticProperties.set(name, prop);
            return prop;
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a reflected static property by name
     * @param name
     * @returns
     */
    getStaticProperty(name: string) {
        let matchingProp = this.staticProperties.find(x => x.name === name);
        if (matchingProp)
            return matchingProp;

        if (!this._hasStaticPropertyNameMeta) {
            if (this._dynamicStaticProperties.has(name))
                return this._dynamicStaticProperties.get(name);

            let prop = new ReflectedProperty(this, name, true);
            this._dynamicStaticProperties.set(name, prop);
            return prop;
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a reflected instance property (declared directly on this class) by name
     * @param name
     * @returns
     */
    getOwnProperty(name: string) {
        let matchingProp = this.ownProperties.find(x => x.name === name);
        if (matchingProp)
            return matchingProp;

        if (!this._hasPropertyNamesMeta) {
            if (this._dynamicProperties.has(name))
                return this._dynamicProperties.get(name);

            let prop = new ReflectedProperty(this, name, false);
            this._dynamicProperties.set(name, prop);
            return prop;
        }
    }
 
    private _dynamicProperties = new Map<string, ReflectedProperty>();
 
    /**
     * Get a reflected instance property by name
     * @param name
     * @returns
     */
    getProperty(name: string): ReflectedProperty {
        let matchingProp = this.properties.find(x => x.name === name);
        if (matchingProp)
            return matchingProp;

        if (!this._hasPropertyNamesMeta) {
            if (this._dynamicProperties.has(name))
                return this._dynamicProperties.get(name);

            let prop = new ReflectedProperty(this, name, false);
            this._dynamicProperties.set(name, prop);
            return prop;
        }
    }
}
 
/**
 * Returns true if the class (or the class of the given value) implement the given interface.
 * Note that interfaceType can be a class constructor. Implementing a class is not the same as extending a class.
 *
 * @param value The value to check. Can be a constructor or a value (whose constructor will be checked)
 * @param interfaceType The interface type to use. Can be a class constructor or an Interface object.
 * @returns True if the interface is implemented
 */
export function implementsInterface(value, interfaceType: format.InterfaceToken | Constructor<any>) {
    if (value === null || value === undefined || !['object', 'function'].includes(typeof value))
        return false;
    if (interfaceType === null || interfaceType === undefined)
        throw new TypeError(`Interface type must not be undefined`);

    if (typeof value === 'object')
        return ReflectedClass.for(value.constructor).implements(interfaceType);
    else if (typeof value === 'function')
        return ReflectedClass.for(value).implements(interfaceType);
}
 
/**
 * Returns true if the given value matches the shape of the interface / class passed as interfaceType.
 *
 * @param value
 * @param interfaceType
 * @returns True if the value is the correct shape
 */
export function matchesShape(value, interfaceType: format.InterfaceToken | Constructor<any>) {
    if (interfaceType === null || interfaceType === undefined)
        throw new TypeError(`Interface type must not be undefined`);

    return ReflectedClass.for(interfaceType).matchesValue(value);
}
 
/**
 * Get the reflected call site
 * @returns The reflected call site
 */
export function reflect(value: CallSite): ReflectedCallSite;
/**
 * Get the reflected interface object for the given interface (identified by T)
 * @param callSite Do not pass a value here. This opts in to call site reflection.
 * @returns The reflected interface
 * @rtti:callsite 1
 */
export function reflect<T>(unused?: never, callSite?: CallSite): ReflectedTypeRef;
/**
 * Get the reflected class for the given constructor or instance.
 * @param value A constructor, Interface value, or an instance of a class
 * @returns The reflected class
 */
export function reflect<T>(value: Constructor<T>): ReflectedClass<Constructor<T>>;
export function reflect<T extends Function>(value: T): (ReflectedFunction<T> | ReflectedMethod<T>);
export function reflect<T>(value: T): ReflectedClass<Constructor<T>>;
/**
 * @rtti:callsite 1
 */
export function reflect(value: any = NotProvided, callSite?: CallSite) {
    if (value === NotProvided && !callSite) {
        throw new Error(`reflect<T>() can only be used when project is built with the typescript-rtti transformer`);
    }
 
    if (!value)
        throw new TypeError(`Could not reflect on null/undefined`);
 
    if (isCallSite(value))
        return new ReflectedCallSite(value);
 
    if (value === NotProvided && isCallSite(callSite))
        return new ReflectedCallSite(callSite).typeParameters[0];
 
    if (!['object', 'function'].includes(typeof value)) {
        // Primitive value
        return reflect(value.constructor);
    }
 
    let flags = getFlags(value);
 
    if (flags.includes(format.F_FUNCTION))
        return ReflectedFunction.for(value);
    if (flags.includes(format.F_METHOD))
        return ReflectedMethod.for(value);
 
    if (typeof value === 'function' && !value.prototype)
        return ReflectedFunction.for(value);
 
    return ReflectedClass.for(value);
}
 
export interface CallSite {
    TΦ: 'c';
}
 
export class ReflectedCallSite {
    constructor(callSite: CallSite) {
        this.callSite = <format.RtCallSite>callSite;
    }
 
    private callSite: format.RtCallSite;
 
    private _parameters: ReflectedTypeRef[];
 
    get parameters() {
        if (!this._parameters)
            this._parameters = this.callSite.p.map(x => ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(x));
        return this._parameters;
    }
 
    private _typeParameters: ReflectedTypeRef[];
 
    get typeParameters() {
        if (!this._typeParameters) {
            this._typeParameters = this.callSite.tp.map(x => ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(x));
        }

        return this._typeParameters;
    }
 
    // private _target : ReflectedTypeRef;
 
    // get target() {
    //     if (!this._target)
    //         this._target = ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(this.callSite.t);
    //     return this._target;
    // }
 
    // private _return : ReflectedTypeRef;
 
    // get return() {
    //     if (!this._return)
    //         this._return = ReflectedTypeRef.createFromRtRef(this.callSite.r);
    //     return this._return;
    // }
}
 
function superMergeElements<T extends { name: string }>(ownSet: T[], superSet: T[]): T[] {
    return superSet.map(superItem => ownSet.find(ownItem => ownItem.name === superItem.name) ?? superItem)
        .concat(ownSet.filter(ownItem => !superSet.some(superItem => ownItem.name === superItem.name)));
}
 
function superMergeNames(ownSet: string[], superSet: string[]): string[] {
    return superSet.concat(ownSet.filter(x => !superSet.includes(x)));
}