// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

type CalldataPointer is uint256;

type ReturndataPointer is uint256;

type MemoryPointer is uint256;

using CalldataPointerLib for CalldataPointer global;
using MemoryPointerLib for MemoryPointer global;
using ReturndataPointerLib for ReturndataPointer global;

using CalldataReaders for CalldataPointer global;
using ReturndataReaders for ReturndataPointer global;
using MemoryReaders for MemoryPointer global;
using MemoryWriters for MemoryPointer global;

CalldataPointer constant CalldataStart = CalldataPointer.wrap(0x04);
MemoryPointer constant FreeMemoryPPtr = MemoryPointer.wrap(0x40);
MemoryPointer constant ZeroSlotPtr = MemoryPointer.wrap(0x60);
uint256 constant IdentityPrecompileAddress = 0x4;
uint256 constant OffsetOrLengthMask = 0xffffffff;
uint256 constant _OneWord = 0x20;
uint256 constant _FreeMemoryPointerSlot = 0x40;

/// @dev Allocates `size` bytes in memory by increasing the free memory pointer
///    and returns the memory pointer to the first byte of the allocated region.
// (Free functions cannot have visibility.)
// solhint-disable-next-line func-visibility
function malloc(uint256 size) pure returns (MemoryPointer mPtr) {
    assembly {
        mPtr := mload(_FreeMemoryPointerSlot)
        mstore(_FreeMemoryPointerSlot, add(mPtr, size))
    }
}

// (Free functions cannot have visibility.)
// solhint-disable-next-line func-visibility
function getFreeMemoryPointer() pure returns (MemoryPointer mPtr) {
    mPtr = FreeMemoryPPtr.readMemoryPointer();
}

// (Free functions cannot have visibility.)
// solhint-disable-next-line func-visibility
function setFreeMemoryPointer(MemoryPointer mPtr) pure {
    FreeMemoryPPtr.write(mPtr);
}

library CalldataPointerLib {
    function lt(
        CalldataPointer a,
        CalldataPointer b
    ) internal pure returns (bool c) {
        assembly {
            c := lt(a, b)
        }
    }

    function gt(
        CalldataPointer a,
        CalldataPointer b
    ) internal pure returns (bool c) {
        assembly {
            c := gt(a, b)
        }
    }

    function eq(
        CalldataPointer a,
        CalldataPointer b
    ) internal pure returns (bool c) {
        assembly {
            c := eq(a, b)
        }
    }

    function isNull(CalldataPointer a) internal pure returns (bool b) {
        assembly {
            b := iszero(a)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Resolves an offset stored at `cdPtr + headOffset` to a calldata.
    ///      pointer `cdPtr` must point to some parent object with a dynamic
    ///      type's head stored at `cdPtr + headOffset`.
    function pptrOffset(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr,
        uint256 headOffset
    ) internal pure returns (CalldataPointer cdPtrChild) {
        cdPtrChild = cdPtr.offset(
            cdPtr.offset(headOffset).readUint256() & OffsetOrLengthMask
        );
    }

    /// @dev Resolves an offset stored at `cdPtr` to a calldata pointer.
    ///      `cdPtr` must point to some parent object with a dynamic type as its
    ///      first member, e.g. `struct { bytes data; }`
    function pptr(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (CalldataPointer cdPtrChild) {
        cdPtrChild = cdPtr.offset(cdPtr.readUint256() & OffsetOrLengthMask);
    }

    /// @dev Returns the calldata pointer one word after `cdPtr`.
    function next(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (CalldataPointer cdPtrNext) {
        assembly {
            cdPtrNext := add(cdPtr, _OneWord)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the calldata pointer `_offset` bytes after `cdPtr`.
    function offset(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr,
        uint256 _offset
    ) internal pure returns (CalldataPointer cdPtrNext) {
        assembly {
            cdPtrNext := add(cdPtr, _offset)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Copies `size` bytes from calldata starting at `src` to memory at
    ///      `dst`.
    function copy(
        CalldataPointer src,
        MemoryPointer dst,
        uint256 size
    ) internal pure {
        assembly {
            calldatacopy(dst, src, size)
        }
    }
}

library ReturndataPointerLib {
    function lt(
        ReturndataPointer a,
        ReturndataPointer b
    ) internal pure returns (bool c) {
        assembly {
            c := lt(a, b)
        }
    }

    function gt(
        ReturndataPointer a,
        ReturndataPointer b
    ) internal pure returns (bool c) {
        assembly {
            c := gt(a, b)
        }
    }

    function eq(
        ReturndataPointer a,
        ReturndataPointer b
    ) internal pure returns (bool c) {
        assembly {
            c := eq(a, b)
        }
    }

    function isNull(ReturndataPointer a) internal pure returns (bool b) {
        assembly {
            b := iszero(a)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Resolves an offset stored at `rdPtr + headOffset` to a returndata
    ///      pointer. `rdPtr` must point to some parent object with a dynamic
    ///      type's head stored at `rdPtr + headOffset`.
    function pptrOffset(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr,
        uint256 headOffset
    ) internal pure returns (ReturndataPointer rdPtrChild) {
        rdPtrChild = rdPtr.offset(
            rdPtr.offset(headOffset).readUint256() & OffsetOrLengthMask
        );
    }

    /// @dev Resolves an offset stored at `rdPtr` to a returndata pointer.
    ///    `rdPtr` must point to some parent object with a dynamic type as its
    ///    first member, e.g. `struct { bytes data; }`
    function pptr(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (ReturndataPointer rdPtrChild) {
        rdPtrChild = rdPtr.offset(rdPtr.readUint256() & OffsetOrLengthMask);
    }

    /// @dev Returns the returndata pointer one word after `cdPtr`.
    function next(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (ReturndataPointer rdPtrNext) {
        assembly {
            rdPtrNext := add(rdPtr, _OneWord)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the returndata pointer `_offset` bytes after `cdPtr`.
    function offset(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr,
        uint256 _offset
    ) internal pure returns (ReturndataPointer rdPtrNext) {
        assembly {
            rdPtrNext := add(rdPtr, _offset)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Copies `size` bytes from returndata starting at `src` to memory at
    /// `dst`.
    function copy(
        ReturndataPointer src,
        MemoryPointer dst,
        uint256 size
    ) internal pure {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(dst, src, size)
        }
    }
}

library MemoryPointerLib {
    function copy(
        MemoryPointer src,
        MemoryPointer dst,
        uint256 size
    ) internal view {
        assembly {
            let success := staticcall(
                gas(),
                IdentityPrecompileAddress,
                src,
                size,
                dst,
                size
            )
            if or(iszero(returndatasize()), iszero(success)) {
                revert(0, 0)
            }
        }
    }

    function lt(
        MemoryPointer a,
        MemoryPointer b
    ) internal pure returns (bool c) {
        assembly {
            c := lt(a, b)
        }
    }

    function gt(
        MemoryPointer a,
        MemoryPointer b
    ) internal pure returns (bool c) {
        assembly {
            c := gt(a, b)
        }
    }

    function eq(
        MemoryPointer a,
        MemoryPointer b
    ) internal pure returns (bool c) {
        assembly {
            c := eq(a, b)
        }
    }

    function isNull(MemoryPointer a) internal pure returns (bool b) {
        assembly {
            b := iszero(a)
        }
    }

    function hash(
        MemoryPointer ptr,
        uint256 length
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 _hash) {
        assembly {
            _hash := keccak256(ptr, length)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the memory pointer one word after `mPtr`.
    function next(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (MemoryPointer mPtrNext) {
        assembly {
            mPtrNext := add(mPtr, _OneWord)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the memory pointer `_offset` bytes after `mPtr`.
    function offset(
        MemoryPointer mPtr,
        uint256 _offset
    ) internal pure returns (MemoryPointer mPtrNext) {
        assembly {
            mPtrNext := add(mPtr, _offset)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Resolves a pointer at `mPtr + headOffset` to a memory
    ///    pointer. `mPtr` must point to some parent object with a dynamic
    ///    type's pointer stored at `mPtr + headOffset`.
    function pptrOffset(
        MemoryPointer mPtr,
        uint256 headOffset
    ) internal pure returns (MemoryPointer mPtrChild) {
        mPtrChild = mPtr.offset(headOffset).readMemoryPointer();
    }

    /// @dev Resolves a pointer stored at `mPtr` to a memory pointer.
    ///    `mPtr` must point to some parent object with a dynamic type as its
    ///    first member, e.g. `struct { bytes data; }`
    function pptr(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (MemoryPointer mPtrChild) {
        mPtrChild = mPtr.readMemoryPointer();
    }
}

library CalldataReaders {
    /// @dev Reads the value at `cdPtr` and applies a mask to return only the
    ///    last 4 bytes.
    function readMaskedUint256(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 value) {
        value = cdPtr.readUint256() & OffsetOrLengthMask;
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bool at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBool(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bool value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the address at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readAddress(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (address value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes1 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes1(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes1 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes2 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes2(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes2 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes3 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes3(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes3 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes4 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes4(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes4 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes5 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes5(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes5 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes6 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes6(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes6 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes7 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes7(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes7 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes8 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes8(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes8 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes9 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes9(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes9 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes10 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes10(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes10 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes11 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes11(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes11 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes12 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes12(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes12 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes13 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes13(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes13 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes14 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes14(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes14 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes15 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes15(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes15 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes16 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes16(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes16 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes17 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes17(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes17 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes18 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes18(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes18 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes19 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes19(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes19 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes20 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes20(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes20 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes21 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes21(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes21 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes22 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes22(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes22 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes23 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes23(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes23 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes24 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes24(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes24 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes25 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes25(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes25 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes26 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes26(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes26 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes27 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes27(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes27 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes28 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes28(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes28 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes29 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes29(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes29 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes30 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes30(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes30 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes31 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes31(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes31 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes32 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readBytes32(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint8 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint8(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint8 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint16 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint16(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint16 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint24 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint24(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint24 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint32 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint32(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint32 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint40 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint40(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint40 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint48 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint48(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint48 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint56 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint56(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint56 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint64 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint64(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint64 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint72 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint72(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint72 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint80 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint80(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint80 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint88 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint88(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint88 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint96 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint96(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint96 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint104 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint104(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint104 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint112 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint112(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint112 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint120 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint120(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint120 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint128 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint128(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint128 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint136 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint136(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint136 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint144 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint144(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint144 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint152 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint152(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint152 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint160 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint160(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint160 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint168 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint168(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint168 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint176 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint176(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint176 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint184 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint184(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint184 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint192 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint192(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint192 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint200 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint200(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint200 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint208 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint208(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint208 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint216 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint216(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint216 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint224 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint224(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint224 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint232 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint232(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint232 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint240 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint240(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint240 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint248 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint248(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint248 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint256 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readUint256(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int8 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt8(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int8 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int16 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt16(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int16 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int24 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt24(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int24 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int32 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt32(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int32 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int40 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt40(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int40 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int48 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt48(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int48 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int56 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt56(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int56 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int64 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt64(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int64 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int72 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt72(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int72 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int80 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt80(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int80 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int88 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt88(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int88 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int96 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt96(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int96 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int104 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt104(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int104 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int112 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt112(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int112 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int120 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt120(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int120 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int128 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt128(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int128 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int136 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt136(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int136 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int144 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt144(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int144 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int152 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt152(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int152 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int160 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt160(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int160 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int168 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt168(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int168 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int176 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt176(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int176 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int184 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt184(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int184 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int192 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt192(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int192 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int200 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt200(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int200 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int208 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt208(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int208 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int216 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt216(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int216 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int224 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt224(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int224 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int232 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt232(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int232 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int240 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt240(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int240 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int248 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt248(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int248 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int256 at `cdPtr` in calldata.
    function readInt256(
        CalldataPointer cdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int256 value) {
        assembly {
            value := calldataload(cdPtr)
        }
    }
}

library ReturndataReaders {
    /// @dev Reads value at `rdPtr` & applies a mask to return only last 4 bytes
    function readMaskedUint256(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 value) {
        value = rdPtr.readUint256() & OffsetOrLengthMask;
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bool at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBool(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bool value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the address at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readAddress(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (address value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes1 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes1(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes1 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes2 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes2(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes2 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes3 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes3(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes3 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes4 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes4(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes4 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes5 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes5(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes5 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes6 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes6(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes6 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes7 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes7(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes7 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes8 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes8(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes8 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes9 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes9(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes9 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes10 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes10(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes10 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes11 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes11(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes11 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes12 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes12(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes12 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes13 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes13(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes13 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes14 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes14(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes14 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes15 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes15(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes15 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes16 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes16(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes16 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes17 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes17(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes17 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes18 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes18(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes18 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes19 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes19(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes19 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes20 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes20(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes20 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes21 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes21(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes21 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes22 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes22(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes22 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes23 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes23(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes23 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes24 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes24(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes24 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes25 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes25(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes25 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes26 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes26(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes26 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes27 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes27(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes27 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes28 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes28(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes28 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes29 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes29(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes29 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes30 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes30(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes30 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes31 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes31(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes31 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes32 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readBytes32(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint8 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint8(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint8 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint16 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint16(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint16 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint24 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint24(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint24 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint32 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint32(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint32 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint40 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint40(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint40 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint48 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint48(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint48 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint56 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint56(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint56 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint64 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint64(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint64 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint72 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint72(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint72 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint80 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint80(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint80 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint88 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint88(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint88 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint96 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint96(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint96 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint104 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint104(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint104 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint112 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint112(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint112 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint120 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint120(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint120 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint128 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint128(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint128 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint136 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint136(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint136 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint144 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint144(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint144 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint152 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint152(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint152 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint160 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint160(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint160 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint168 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint168(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint168 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint176 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint176(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint176 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint184 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint184(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint184 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint192 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint192(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint192 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint200 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint200(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint200 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint208 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint208(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint208 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint216 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint216(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint216 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint224 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint224(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint224 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint232 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint232(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint232 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint240 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint240(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint240 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint248 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint248(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint248 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint256 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readUint256(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int8 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt8(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int8 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int16 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt16(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int16 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int24 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt24(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int24 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int32 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt32(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int32 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int40 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt40(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int40 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int48 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt48(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int48 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int56 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt56(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int56 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int64 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt64(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int64 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int72 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt72(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int72 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int80 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt80(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int80 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int88 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt88(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int88 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int96 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt96(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int96 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int104 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt104(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int104 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int112 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt112(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int112 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int120 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt120(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int120 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int128 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt128(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int128 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int136 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt136(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int136 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int144 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt144(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int144 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int152 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt152(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int152 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int160 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt160(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int160 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int168 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt168(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int168 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int176 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt176(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int176 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int184 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt184(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int184 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int192 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt192(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int192 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int200 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt200(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int200 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int208 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt208(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int208 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int216 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt216(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int216 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int224 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt224(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int224 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int232 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt232(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int232 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int240 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt240(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int240 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int248 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt248(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int248 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int256 at `rdPtr` in returndata.
    function readInt256(
        ReturndataPointer rdPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int256 value) {
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(0, rdPtr, _OneWord)
            value := mload(0)
        }
    }
}

library MemoryReaders {
    /// @dev Reads the memory pointer at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readMemoryPointer(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (MemoryPointer value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads value at `mPtr` & applies a mask to return only last 4 bytes
    function readMaskedUint256(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 value) {
        value = mPtr.readUint256() & OffsetOrLengthMask;
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bool at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBool(MemoryPointer mPtr) internal pure returns (bool value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the address at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readAddress(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (address value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes1 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes1(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes1 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes2 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes2(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes2 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes3 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes3(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes3 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes4 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes4(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes4 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes5 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes5(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes5 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes6 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes6(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes6 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes7 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes7(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes7 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes8 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes8(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes8 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes9 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes9(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes9 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes10 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes10(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes10 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes11 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes11(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes11 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes12 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes12(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes12 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes13 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes13(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes13 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes14 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes14(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes14 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes15 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes15(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes15 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes16 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes16(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes16 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes17 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes17(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes17 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes18 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes18(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes18 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes19 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes19(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes19 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes20 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes20(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes20 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes21 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes21(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes21 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes22 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes22(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes22 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes23 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes23(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes23 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes24 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes24(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes24 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes25 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes25(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes25 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes26 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes26(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes26 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes27 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes27(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes27 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes28 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes28(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes28 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes29 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes29(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes29 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes30 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes30(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes30 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes31 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes31(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes31 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the bytes32 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readBytes32(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint8 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint8(MemoryPointer mPtr) internal pure returns (uint8 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint16 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint16(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint16 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint24 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint24(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint24 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint32 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint32(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint32 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint40 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint40(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint40 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint48 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint48(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint48 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint56 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint56(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint56 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint64 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint64(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint64 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint72 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint72(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint72 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint80 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint80(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint80 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint88 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint88(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint88 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint96 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint96(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint96 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint104 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint104(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint104 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint112 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint112(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint112 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint120 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint120(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint120 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint128 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint128(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint128 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint136 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint136(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint136 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint144 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint144(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint144 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint152 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint152(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint152 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint160 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint160(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint160 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint168 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint168(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint168 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint176 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint176(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint176 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint184 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint184(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint184 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint192 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint192(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint192 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint200 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint200(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint200 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint208 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint208(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint208 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint216 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint216(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint216 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint224 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint224(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint224 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint232 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint232(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint232 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint240 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint240(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint240 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint248 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint248(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint248 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the uint256 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readUint256(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int8 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt8(MemoryPointer mPtr) internal pure returns (int8 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int16 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt16(MemoryPointer mPtr) internal pure returns (int16 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int24 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt24(MemoryPointer mPtr) internal pure returns (int24 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int32 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt32(MemoryPointer mPtr) internal pure returns (int32 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int40 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt40(MemoryPointer mPtr) internal pure returns (int40 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int48 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt48(MemoryPointer mPtr) internal pure returns (int48 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int56 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt56(MemoryPointer mPtr) internal pure returns (int56 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int64 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt64(MemoryPointer mPtr) internal pure returns (int64 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int72 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt72(MemoryPointer mPtr) internal pure returns (int72 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int80 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt80(MemoryPointer mPtr) internal pure returns (int80 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int88 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt88(MemoryPointer mPtr) internal pure returns (int88 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int96 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt96(MemoryPointer mPtr) internal pure returns (int96 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int104 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt104(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int104 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int112 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt112(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int112 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int120 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt120(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int120 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int128 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt128(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int128 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int136 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt136(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int136 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int144 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt144(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int144 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int152 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt152(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int152 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int160 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt160(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int160 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int168 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt168(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int168 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int176 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt176(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int176 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int184 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt184(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int184 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int192 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt192(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int192 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int200 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt200(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int200 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int208 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt208(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int208 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int216 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt216(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int216 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int224 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt224(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int224 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int232 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt232(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int232 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int240 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt240(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int240 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int248 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt248(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int248 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Reads the int256 at `mPtr` in memory.
    function readInt256(
        MemoryPointer mPtr
    ) internal pure returns (int256 value) {
        assembly {
            value := mload(mPtr)
        }
    }
}

library MemoryWriters {
    /// @dev Writes `valuePtr` to memory at `mPtr`.
    function write(MemoryPointer mPtr, MemoryPointer valuePtr) internal pure {
        assembly {
            mstore(mPtr, valuePtr)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Writes a boolean `value` to `mPtr` in memory.
    function write(MemoryPointer mPtr, bool value) internal pure {
        assembly {
            mstore(mPtr, value)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Writes an address `value` to `mPtr` in memory.
    function write(MemoryPointer mPtr, address value) internal pure {
        assembly {
            mstore(mPtr, value)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Writes a bytes32 `value` to `mPtr` in memory.
    /// Separate name to disambiguate literal write parameters.
    function writeBytes32(MemoryPointer mPtr, bytes32 value) internal pure {
        assembly {
            mstore(mPtr, value)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Writes a uint256 `value` to `mPtr` in memory.
    function write(MemoryPointer mPtr, uint256 value) internal pure {
        assembly {
            mstore(mPtr, value)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Writes an int256 `value` to `mPtr` in memory.
    /// Separate name to disambiguate literal write parameters.
    function writeInt(MemoryPointer mPtr, int256 value) internal pure {
        assembly {
            mstore(mPtr, value)
        }
    }
}