#Jacob tore his garments

This is an act of deep distress and grief. This can be written more clearly. AT: "Jacob was so grieved that he tore his garments" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]])

#put sackcloth upon his loins

Here "loins" refers to the middle part of the body or the waist. AT: "put on sackcloth."

#rose up

Here the childrens' coming to their father is spoke of as "rising up." AT: "came to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]])

#but he refused to be comforted

This can be stated in active form. AT: "but he would not let them comfort him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]])

#Indeed I will go down to sheol mourning

The means that he be mourning from now until when he dies. AT: "Indeed when I die and go down to sheol I will still be mourning" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]])

#The Midianites sold him

"The Midianites sold Joseph"

#the captain of the bodyguard

"the leader of the soldiers who guarded the king"