Agency responsible for production 产品责任机构 This attribute identifies the agency which produced the data. INT 1: not specified; M-4: not specified; The agency is encoded by a two character code derived from ISO3166 (refer to S-57 Appendix A Annex A) No remarks. c2(mandatory) Beacon shape 立标形状 The beacon shape describes the characteristic geometric form of the beacon. an elongated wood or metal pole, fixed on land or in the water to serve as a navigational aid or a support for a navigational aid. INT 1: IQ 90; M-4: 456.1; a tree without roots stuck or spoiled into the bottom of the sea to serve as a navigational aid. INT 1: IQ 92; M-4: 456.1; a solid structure of the order of 10 metres in height used as a navigational aid. INT 1: IQ 110; M-4: 456.4; a structure consisting of strips of metal or wood crossed or interlaced to form a structure to serve as an aid to navigation or as a support for an aid to navigation. INT 1: IQ 111; M-4: 456.4; a long heavy timer(s) or section(s) of steel, wood, concrete, etc., forced into the seabed to serve as aqn aid to navigation or as a support for an aid to navigation. (Adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3840 and Navigation Dictionary, US National Oceanic and Atmosphereic Administration - NOAA, 1969( a mound of stones, usually conical or pyramidal, raised specifically for maritime navigation. (Adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 601). INT 1: IQ 100; M-4: 456.2; a tall spar-like beacon fitted with a permanently submerged buoyancy chamber, the lower end of the body is secured to seabed sinker either by a flexible joint or by a cable under tension. (IHO Specification, M-4, 459.1) INT 1: IP 5; M-4: 459.1-2; Building shape 建筑形状 The attribute 'shape of building' encodes the various profile shapes of buildings. a building having many storeys. a polyhedron of which one face is a polygon of any number of sides, and the other faces are triangles with a common vertex. shaped like a cylinder, which is a solid geometrical figure generated by straight lines fixed in direction and describing with one of its points a closed curve, especially a circle. shaped like a sphere, which is a body the surface of which is at all points equidistant from the centre. a shaped the sides of which are six equal squares; a regular hexahedron. Buoy shape 浮标形状 The principal shapes are those recommended in the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities - IALA System. the upper part of the body above the water-line, or the greater part of the superstructure, has approximately the shape or the appearance of a pointed cone with the point upwards. INT 1: IQ 20; M-4: 462.2; the upper part of the body above the water-line, or the greater part of the superstructure, has the shape of a cylinder, or a truncated cone that approximates to a cylinder, with a flat end uppermost. INT 1: IQ 21; M-4: 462.3; the upper part of the body above the water-line, or the greater part of the superstructure, has the shape of a part of a sphere. INT 1: IQ 22; M-4: 462.4; the upper part of the body above the water-line, or the greater part of the superstructure is a narrow vertical structure, pillar or lattice tower. INT 1: IQ 23; M-4: 462.5; the upper part of the body above the water-line, or the greater part of the superstructure, has the form of a pole, or of a very long cylinder, floating upright. INT 1: IQ 24; M-4: 462.6; the upper part of the body above the water-line, or the greater part of the superstructure, has the form of a barrel or cylinder floating horizontally. INT 1: IQ 25; M-4: 462.7; a very large buoy, generally more than 5m in diameter. INT 1: IQ 26; M-4: 462.9; a specially constructed shuttle shaped buoy which is used in ice conditions. Buried depth 埋置深度 The depth below the sea bed to which an object is buried. INT 1: IL 42; M-4: 444.5; Unit:defined in the HUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the HUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution:0.1m or 0.1ft No remarks. xx.x Call sign 呼号 The designated call-sign of a station (radio station, radar station, pilot …) INT 1: not specified; M-4: not specified; No remarks. Category of airport/airfield 机场类 No remarks. a large military airfield usually equipped with a control tower, hangers and accommodation for t he receiving and discharging of passengers or cargo. a large airfield usually equipped with a control tower, hangers and accommodation for the receiving and discharging of passengers or cargo. a landing place for helicopters controlled by the military. a landing place for helicopters, often the roof of a building. an area of land set aside for the take-off and landing of gliders. an area of land set aside for the take-off and landing of small aeroplanes. an area of land set aside for the take-off and landing of aeroplanes or helicopters in times of emergency. Category of anchorage 锚地类 No remarks. an area in which vessels anchor or may anchor. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 130) an area in which vessels of deep draught anchor or may anchor. INT 1: IN 12.4; M-4: 431.3; an area in which tankers anchor or may anchor. INT 1: IN 12.5; M-4: 431.3; an area set apart for anchored ships discharging or receiving explosives. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1732) INT 1: IN 12.7; M-4: 431.3; an area where a vessel anchors when satisfying quarentine regulations. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4117( INT 1: IN 12.8; M-4: 431.3; an area in which sea-planes anchor or may anchor. INT 1: IN 14; M-4: 449.6; an area in which yachts and small boats anchor or may anchor. an area in which yachts and small boats moor. INT 1: IQ 44; M-4: 431.7; an area in which vessels anchor or may anchor for periods of up to 24 hours. INT 1: IN 12.6; M-4: 431.3; an area in which vessels may anchor for a period of time not to exceed a specific limit. Category of bridge 桥梁类 No remarks. Must be encoded for BRIDGE objects over navigable water. a bridge having permanent horizontal and vertical alignment. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 3rd Edition, 1984) INT 1: ID 22; M-4: 381.1; a bridge that is closed when set for carrying road traffic and open when set to permit marine traffic to pass through the waterway it crosses. Modern opening (movable) bridges are either bascule, vertical lift, or swing. (adapted from McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th Edition, 1992) INT 1: ID 23.1; M-4: 381.3; a movable bridge (or span thereof) which rotates in a horizontal plane about a vertical pivot to allow the passage of vessles. (adapted from McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th Edition, 1992) INT 1: ID 23.2; M-4: 381.3; a movable bridge (or span thereof) which is capable of being lifted vertically to allow vessels to pass beneath. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 547) INT 1: ID 23.3; M-4: 381.3; a counterpoise bridge rotated in a vertical plane about an axis at one or both ends. Also called a balance. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 545) INT 1: ID 23.4; M-4: 381.3; a fixed floating bridge supported by pontoons. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 3rd Edition, 1984) INT 1: ID 23.5; M-4: 381.3; a general name for bridges of which part or the entire span of the bridge may be raised or drawn aside to allow ships to pass through. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 546) INT 1: ID 23.6; M-4: 381.3; a bridge that has towers on each side of the waterway connected by a girder system on which a carriage runs. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4, 381.2) INT 1: ID 24; M-4: 381.2; a bridge structure used only for pedestrian traffic. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 3rd Edition, 1984) a long bridge consisting of a series of beams, spans or girders (of steel, timber or concrete) supported on towers or piers and used to carry a road, railroad, etc. (Adapted from McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th Edition, 1992) a bridge supporting an artificially elevated channel, for the conveyance of water. (adapted from The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) a fixed bridge consisting of either a roadway or a truss suspended from two or more cables which pass over towers and are anchored by backstays to a firm foundation. (McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th Edition, 1992( Category of built-up area 建筑群区类 No remarks. an area predominantly occupied by man-made structures used for residential, commercial, and industrial purposes. (Nautical Chart Manual, US Department of Commerce, 1992) INT 1: ID 1; M-4: 370.3-4; a small collection of dwellings in a remote area. INT 1: ID 2,3; M-4: 370.5,7; a collection of houses in a rural district, usually smaller than a town. INT 1: ID 4; M-4: 370.6; any considerable collection of dwellings and other buildings larger than a village, but not incorporated as a city. a major town inhabited by a large permanent community with all essential services. a collection of smaller houses (cottages, mobile homes, etc.) which is mainly populated on a seasonal basis. Category of cable 电缆类 No remarks. a cable used for supply of electricity. INT 1: ID 26;IL 31.1; M-4: 382.1; multiple un-insulated cables usually supported by steel lattice towers. Such features are generally more prominent than normal power lines. a cable used for the transmission of telephone signals. INT 1: ID 27; M-4: 382.2; a cable used for the transmission of telegraph signals. INT 1: ID 27; M-4: 382.2; a cable or chain used to secure a mooring buoy or other floating structure. Category of canal 渠道类 No remarks. a canal used for navigation as part of a transport system. a canal used to drain excess water from surrounding land. a canal used to supply water for the purpose of irrigation. Category of cardinal mark 方位标志类 The four quadrants (north, east, south and west) are bounded by the true bearings NW-NE, NE-SE, SE-SW and SW-NW taken from the point of interest. A cardinal mark is named after the quadrant in which it is placed. The name of the cardinal mark indicates that it should be passed to the named side of the mark. Cardinal marks do not have a distinctive shape but are normally pillar or spar. They are always painted in yellow and black horizontal bands and their distinctive double cone top-marks are always black. (Note that such top-marks are encoded as separate TOPMAR objects). Cardinal marks may also have a special system of flashing white lights and if such lights are fitted they are encoded as separate LIGHTS objects. INT 1: IQ 130.3; INT 1: IQ 130.3; INT 1: IQ 130.3; INT 1: IQ 130.3; Category of checkpoint 检查站类 No remarks. an office, especially in ports, at which customs dues are collected or administrated. (adapted from The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) Category of coastline 海岸线类 No remarks. a coast backed by rock or earth cliffs, gives a good radar return and is useful for visual identification from a considerable distance off, where cliffs alternate with low lying coast along the shoreline. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4) INT 1:IC 3; M-4: 312.1; a level coast with no obvious topographic features. INT 1:IC 5; M-4: 312.2; a shoreline area made up of sand, i.e. loose material consisting of small but easily distinguishable, separate grains, between 0.0625 and 2.000 millimetres in diameter. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4497) INT 1:IC 6; M-4: 312.2; a shoreline area made up of rock and rock fragments ranging in size from pebbles and gravel to boulders or large rock masses. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5059) INT 1:IC 7; M-4: 312.2; a shoreline area made up of rounded, often flat waterworn rock fragments larger than approximately 16 millimetre. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4683) INT 1:IC 7; M-4: 312.2; projecting seaward extension of glacier, usually afloat. Also called glacier tongue. (IHO Hydrographic Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2043) INT 1:IC 25; M-4: 353.8; one of several genera of tropical trees or shrubs which produce many prop roots and grow along low lying coasts into shallow water. (IHO Hydrographic Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3064) INT 1:IC 32; M-4: 312.4; a shoreline area made up of spongy land saturated with water. It may have a shallow covering of water, usually with a considerable amount of vegetation appearing above the surface. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5240) INT 1:IC 33; M-4: 312.2; a reef, often of large extent, composed chiefly of coral and its derivatives. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1063) a vertical cliff forming the seaward edge of an ice shelf, ranging in height from 2m to 50m or more above sea level. INT 1:IC 25; a shoreline area made up of shells i.e. made up of the hard outside covering of marine animals. Category of control point 控制点类 No remarks. a recoverable point on the earth, whose geographic coordinates have been determined by angular methods with geodetic instruments. A triangulation point is a selected point, which has been marked with a station mark, or it is a conspicuous natural or artificial object. Also called trigonometric station or triangulation station. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5646) INT 1:IB 20; M-4: 304.1; a point used by surveyors for determining precise position by astronomical means. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4) INT 1:IB 21; M-4: 304.2; a point whose position has been accurately determined and plotted. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4) INT 1:IB 22; M-4: 305.1; a permanent, stable object containing a marked point of known elevation with respect to a datum used as a reference level for tidal observations or as a control point for levelling. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 462) INT 1:IB 23; M-4: 304.3; a marker identifying the location of a surveyed boundary line (Digital Geographic Information Standard - DIGEST, Oct. 87) INT 1:IB 24; M-4: 306; a station in a network of permanently marked control points having their geographic positions established to form third order accuracy or better. (Canadian Hydrographic Service, Survey Standing Order, 3.1-85) a station in a network of control points of a localized nature utilized for shoreline plots, sounding marks, stadia work, etc., whose geographic position may be established to a slightly lower order than main control points. (Canadian Hydrographic Service, Survey Standing Order, 3.1-85) Category of conveyor 传送装置类 No remarks. a conveyor along which material or people are transported by means of overhead cables supporting buckets, cable cars, etc. INT 1: ID 25; M-4: 382.3; a conveyor along which material or people are transported by means of a moving belt. Category of coverage 作用范围类 No remarks. continuous coverage of spatial objects is available within this area. an area containing no spatial objects. Category of crane 起重机类 No remarks. a high speed, shore-based crane used in the lift-on/lift-off operation of specially constructed containers. (adapted from Nautical Chart Manual, US Department of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic Survey, 7th Edition) INT 1: IF 53.2; M-4: 328.3; a tripodal structure used in dockyards and harbours for stepping masts or lifting loads in to and out of vessels. INT 1: IF 53.3; M-4: 328.3; a crane mounted on rails (track) that can move (usually parallel to the wharf face) in order to load and unload cargo vessels. (Canadian Hydrographic Service) INT 1: IF 53.1; M-4: 328.3; a type of crane shaped like the letter 'A'. They are often positioned on river banks or the coastline and are used for lifting logs from logging trucks and depositing them in the water. (Canadian Hydrographic Service) Category of dam 水坝类 No remarks. a dam erected across a river to raise the level of the water. A fence of stakes set in a river or along the shore as a trap for fish. The word is now restricted to smaller works, the larger are called dams. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5967( a barrier to check or confine anything in motion; particularly one constructed to hold back water and raise its level to form a resevoir, or t o prevent flooding. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1196) INT 1: IF 44; M-4: 364.2; an opening dam across a channel which, when required, is closed to control flood water. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4 326.7) INT 1: IF 43; M-4: 326.7; Category of distance mark 距离标志类 No remarks. a point at which a distance from an origin along a feature is given for information, but at which no specific marker exists. INT 1: IF 40; a point at which a distance from an origin along a feature is given for information and which is marked by a pole. INT 1: IF 40; a point at which a distance from an origin along a feature is given for information and which is marked by a board. INT 1: IF 40; a point at which a distance from an origin along a feature is given for information and which is physically marked, but the shape of the mark is not known or not given. INT 1: IF 40; Category of dock 船坞类 No remarks. a dock which is open to the sea and in which the water level is affected by tides. INT 1: IF 28; M-4: 326.4; a dock in which water can be maintained at any level by closing a gate when the water is at the desired level. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1429) INT 1: IF 27; M-4: 326.3; Category of dumping ground 倾废场类 >No remarks. an area at sea where chemical waste is dumped. INT 1: IN 24; M-4: 442.1-3; an area at sea where nuclear waste is dumped. an area at sea where explosives are dumped. INT 1: IN 23.1-2; M-4: 442.1-3; an area at sea where dredged material is deposited. Also called dumping ground. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4930) INT 1: IN 62.1-2; M-4: 446.1-2; an area at sea where disused vessels are scuttled. Category of fence 栅栏类 No remarks. a man made barrier used as an enclosure or boundary or for protection. (Digital Geographic Information Working Group -DGIWG, Oct. 1987) a continuous growth of shrubbery planted as a fence, a boundary or a wind break. (Digital Geographic Information Standard - DIGEST) a fence constructed from masonry or stone. Category of ferry 轮渡类 The attribute ‘category of ferry‘ does not encode the various types of ferry vessel, but the manoeuvrability of the ferry. The value ‘cable ferry‘ indicates a ferry that follows a fixed route guided by a cable. A cable ferry may hinder the flow of other traffic. a ferry which may have routes that vary with weather, tide and traffic. (adapted from M-4) INT 1: IM 50; M-4: 438.1; a ferry that follows a fixed route guided by a cable. (adapted from IHO Specifications, M-4) INT 1: IM 51; M-4: 438.2; a winter-time ferry which crosses a lead. (Finnish Maritime Administration) Category of fishing facility 捕鱼设备类 No remarks. a pole or stake placed in shallow water to outline a fishing ground or to catch fish (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1818) INT 1: IK 44.1; M-4: 447.1; a structure (usually portable) for catching fish (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1819( INT 1: IK 44.2, 45; M-4: 447.2-3; a fence of stakes or stones set in a river or along the shore to trap fish (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5967) INT 1: IK 44.2; M-4: 447.2; a net built at sea for catching tunny (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5700) INT 1: IK 44.2, 45; M-4: 447.2; Category of fog signal 雾号类 The attribute 'category of fog signal' encodes the various means of generating the signal. The classification 'horn' is the generic term for fog signals 'nautophone', 'reed' and 'tyfon'. a signal produced by the firing of explosive charges. (Admirality List of Lights and Fog Signals) INT 1: IR 10; M-4: 452.1; a diaphone uses compressed air and generally emits a powerful low-pitched sound, which often concludes with a brief sound of suddenly lowered pitch, termed the 'grunt'. (Admiralty List of LIghts and Fog Signals) INT 1: IR 11; M-4: 452.2; a siren uses compressed air and exists in a variety of types which differ considerably in their sound and power. (Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals) INT 1: IR 12; M-4: 452.3; a horn having a diaphragm oscillated by electricity (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3371). INT 1: IR 13; M-4: 452.4; a reed uses compressed air and emits a weak, high pitched sound. (Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals) INT 1: IR 13; M-4: 452.4; a diaphragm horn which operates under the influence of compressed air or steam (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5717). INT 1: IR 13; M-4: 452.4; a ringing sound with a short range. The apparatus may be operated automatically, by hand or by wave action. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4, 452.5) INT 1: IR 14; M-4: 452.5; a distinctive sound made by a jet of air passing throuhg an orifice. The apparatus may be operated automatically, by hand or by air being forced up a t ube by waves acting on a buoy. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4, 452.6) INT 1: IR 15; M-4: 452.6; a sound produced by vibration of a disc when struck. The apparatus may be operated automatically, by hand or by wave action. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4, 452.7) INT 1: IR 16; M-4: 452.7; a horn uses compressed air or electricty to vibrate a diaphragm and exists in a variety of types which differ greatly in their sound and power. (Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals) INT 1: IR 13; M-4: 452.4; Category of fortified structure 防御工事类 No remarks. a large fortified building or structure (adapted from The Collins Dictionary). INT 1: IE 34.2; M-4: 379.1-2; a fortified enclosure, building, or position able to be defended against an enemy (The Collins Dictionary). INT 1: IE 34.1; M-4: 379.1-2; a fortified structure on which artillery is mounted (The Collins Dictionary). INT 1: IE 34.3; M-4: 379.2; a concrete structure strengthened to give protection against enemy fire, with apertures to allow defensive gunfire (The Collins Dictionary). INT 1: IE 34.2; M-4: 379.1-2; A tower or a small round fort (e.g. Martello tower) for coastal defence. an outwork or fieldwork usually square or polygonal and without flanking defences. (Concise Oxford Dictionary). Category of gate 门类 The attribute 'category of gate' encodes the various types of gates. an opening gate used to control flood water. a steel structure used for closing the entrance of locks, wet and dry docks. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 602) INT 1: IF 43; M-4: 326.7; lock gates are the massive hinged doors at each end of a lock. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2882) INT 1: IF 42; M-4: 326.5; an opening gate in a dyke. INT 1: IF 41.1-2; M-4: 326.6; a sliding gate or other contrivance for changing the level of a body of water by controlling the flow into or out of it. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4783). Category of harbour facility 港口设备类 A terminal provides facilities for handling particular forms of cargo (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5343). The attribute 'category of harbour facility' encodes the various types of harbour facilities. a terminal for roll-on roll-off ferries. INT 1: IF 50; M-4: 321.5; a terminal for passenger and vehicles ferries. a harbour with facilities for fishing boats. INT 1: IF 10; M-4: 320.1; a harbour with facilities for small boats and yachts (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3095). INT 1: IU 1.1; M-4: 320.2; a centre of operations for naval vessels (adapted from The Collins Dictionary). a terminal for the bulk handling of liquid cargoes. a terminal for the loading and unloading of passengers. a place where ships are built or repaired (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4686). a terminal with facilities to load/unload or store shipping containers. a terminal for the handling of bulk materials such as iron ore, coal, etc. a platform powered by synchronous electric motors used to lift vessels (larger than boats) in and out of the water. a wheeled vehicle designed to lift and carry containers or vessels within its own framework. It is used for moving, and sometimes stacking, shipping containers and vessels. Category of hulk 趸船类 No remarks. a permanently moored floating structure, such as an old ship, used as a restaurant. a ship of historical interest permanently moored as a tourist attraction. a permanently moored floating structure, such as an old ship, used as a museum. a permanently moored floating structure, such as an old ship, used for accommodation. a permanently moored floating structure, often constructed from old ships, used as a breakwater. Category of ice 冰类 Ice is the topic of another group and is subject to a future extension to this document. sea ice which remains fast, generally in the position where originally formed, and which may attain a considerable thickness. It is found along coasts, where it is attached to the shore, or over shoals, where it may be held in position by islands, grounded icebergs or grounded polar ice. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1772) INT 1: IN 60.1; M-4: 449.1; a mass of snow and ice continuously moving from higher to lower ground or, if afloat, continuously spreading. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2041) INT 1: IC 25; M-4: 353.8; sea ice that is more than one year old (in contrast to winter ice). The WMO code defines polar ice as any sea ice more than one year old and more than 3 meters thick. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3928) Category of installation buoy 作业浮标类 No remarks incorporates a large buoy which remains on the surface at all times and is moored by 4 or more anchors. Mooring hawsers and cargo hoses lead from a turntable on top of the buoy, so that the buoy does not turn as the ship swings to wind and stream. INT 1: IL 16; M-4: 445.4; a mooring structure used by tankers to load and unload in port approaches or in offshore oil and gas fields. The size of the structure can vary between a large mooring buoy and a manned floating structure. Also known as single point mooring (SPM) (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 4th Edition) INT 1: IL 16; M-4: 445.4; Category of land region 地面地带类 The attribute `category of land region` encodes general terms for describing landscapes. For LNDRGN objects, at least one of attributes CATLND or OBJNAM must be encoded. a type of bog, especially a low-lying area, wholly or partly covered with water and dominated by grasslike plants, grasses, sedges and reeds. (The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th Edition, 1991) an area of wet, often spongy ground that is subject to frequent flooding or tidal inundations, but not considered to be continually under water. It is characterized by the growth of non woody plants and by the lack of trees. (Nautical Chart Manual, US National Oceanic and Atmosphereic Administration - NOAA, 1992) INT 1: IC 33; M-4: 312.2; wet spongy ground consisting of decaying vegetation, which retains stagnant water, too soft to bear the weight of any heavy body. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 504) a tract of wasteland; peat bog, usually covered by a low scrubby growth, but may have scattered small open water holes. (Nautical Chart Manual, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA, 1992) a series of connected and aligned mountains or mountain ridges. (Nautical Chart Manual, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA, 1992) low and relatively level land ot a lower elevation than adjoining areas. (Nautical Chart Manual, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA, 1992) a relatively narrow, deep depression with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 638) a piece of land set aside for crops which are periodically flooded (e.g. rice paddy). areas used for cultivation of the soil, the breeding of livestock, etc. and general farming. a large area of relatively flat natural pasture. a piece of ground kept for ornament and/or recreation or maintained in its natural state as a public property or area. (Websters New Collegiate Dictionary 1975) an area of spongy land saturated with water. It may have a shallow cover of water, usually with a considerable amount of vegetation appearing above the surface. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5240) INT 1: IC 33; M-4: 312.2; (or landslip). The sliding down of a mass of land on a mountain or cliff-side; land which has so fallen. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2646) the substance that results from the cooling of molten rock. (adapted IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2680) INT 1: IC 26; M-4: 355; shallow pools of brackish water used for the natural evaporation of sea water to obtain salt. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4494) INT 1: IC 24; M-4: 353.7; any accumulation of loose material deposited by a glacier. (Marine Chart Manual, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA, 1992) bowl-shaped cavity, at the summit or on the side of a volcano. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1115). Also a hole formed by the impact of a meteor. (Nautical Chart Manual, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA, 1992). a natural subterranean chamber or series of chambers open to the earths surface. (Digital Geographic Information Standard - DIGEST) any high tower or spire-shaped pillar of rock, alone or cresting a summit. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3852) a small insular feature usually with scant vegetation; usually of sand or coral. Often applied to smaller coral shoals. (UKHO - The Mariners Handbook). Category of landmark 陆标类 No remarks. a mound of stones, usually conical or pyramidal, raised as a landmark or to designate a point of importance in surveying. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 601) INT 1: IQ 100; M-4: 456.2; an area of land for burying the dead. INT 1: IQ 19; M-4: 373.6; a vertical structure containing a passage or flue for discharging smoke and gases. (Digital Geographic Information Standard - DIGEST) INT 1: IE 22; M-4: 374.1; a parabolic aerial for the receipt and transmission of high frequency radio signals. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1400) INT 1: IE 31; M-4: 375.4; a staff or pole on which flags are raised. (Digital Geographic Information Standard - DIGEST 1.28) INT 1: IE 27; M-4: 374.7; a tall structure used for burning-off waste oil or gas. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1836). Normally showing a flame and located at refineries (IHO Chart specifications, M-4). INT 1: IE 23; IL 11; M-4: 374.1; 445.6; a relatively tall structure usually held vertical by guylines. (Adapted from IHO Chart specifications, M-4). a tapered fabric sleeve mounted so as to catch and swing with the wind, thus indicating the wind direction. (Navigation dictionary, US National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration - NOAA, 1969( a structure erected or maintained as a memorial to a person or event. (Digital Geographic Information Standard - DIGEST) INT 1: IE 24; M-4: 374.4; a cylindrical or slightly tapering body of considerably greater length than diameter erected vertically. (Oxford English Dictionary) a slab of metal, usually ornamented, erected as a memorial to a person or event. a tapering shaft usually of stone or concrete, square or rectangular in section, with a pyramidal apex. (Adapted from Oxford English Dictionary) a representation of a human, animal or fantasy figure in marble, bronze, etc. a monument or other structure in form of a cross (Funk & Wagnalls Dictionary) INT 1: IE 12; a landmark comprising a hemispherical or spheroidal shaped structure (adapted from the Macquarie Dictionary) INT 1: IE 30.4; M-4: 487.3; a device used for directing a radar beam through a search pattern (adapted from Navigation Dictionary, US National Oceanic and Atmosphereic Administration - NOAA, 1969) INT 1: IE 30.3; M-4: 487.3; a relatively tall, self-supporting structure. (Adapted from Digital Geographic Information Working Group – DGIWG, Oct 1987) INT 1: IE 20; M-4: 374.3; a wind driven system of vanes attached to a tower like structure (excluding wind-generated power plants). (Digital Geographic Information Standard - DIGEST) INT 1: IE 25.1-2; M-4: 374.5; a modern structure for the use of windpower. (IHO Chart Specification, M-4) INT 1: IE 26; M-4: 374.6; a tall conical or pyramid-shaped structure often built on the roof or tower of a building, especially a church or mosque. (adapted from The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) INT 1: IE 10.3, 17; an isolated rocky formation or a single large stone (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition). Category of lateral mark 侧面标志类 There are two international buoyage regions, A and B, between which lateral marks differ. The buoyage region is encoded using the separate attribute MARSYS. When top-marks, retro reflectors and/or lights are fitted to these marks, they are encoded as separate objects. indicates the port boundary of a navigational channel or suggested route when proceeding in the 'conventional direction of buoyage'. INT 1 IQ 91-92, 130.1; M-4: 456.1; indicates the starboard boundary of a navigational channel or suggested route when proceeding in the 'conventional direction of buoyage'. INT 1 IQ 91-92, 130.1; M-4: 456.1; at a point where a channel divides, when proceeding in the 'conventional direction of buoyage', the preferred channel (or primary route) is indicated by a modified port-hand lateral mark. INT 1 IQ 130.1; at a point where a channel divides, when proceeding in the 'conventional direction of buoyage', the preferred channel (or primary route) is indicated by a modified starboard-hand lateral mark. INT 1 IQ 130.1; Category of light 灯标类 Marine light (a light intended primarily for marine navigation) is not included in the above list. All lights are considered to be marine lights unless the attribute 'category of light' indicates otherwise. Must be encoded for all LIGHTS objects that are air obstruction lights or fog detector lights. a light illuminating a sector of very narrow angle and intended to mark a direction to follow. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2778) INT 1: IP 30.1-3; M-4: 475.7; a light associated with other lights so as to form a leading line to be followed. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2794) INT 1: IP 20.1-3; M-4: 475.6; an aero light is established for aeronautical navigation and may be of higher power than marine lights and visible from well offshore. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4, 476.1) INT 1: IP 60; M-4: 476.1; a light marking an obstacle which constitutes a danger to air navigation. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition 2767) INT 1: IP 61; M-4: 476.2; a light used to automatically determine conditions of visibility which warrant the turning on or off of a sound signal. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1885) INT 1: IP 62; M-4: 477; a broad beam light used to illuminate a structure or area. (adapted from The Collins Dictionary) INT 1: IP 63; M-4: 478.2; a light whose source has a linear form generally horizontal, which can reach a length of several metres. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4, 478.5) INT 1: IP 64; M-4: 478.5; a light placed on or near the support of a main light and having a special use in navigation (Admirality List of Radio Signals, UK Hydrographic Office) INT 1: IP 42; M-4: 471.8; a powerful light focused so as to illuminate a small area. (The Collins Dictionary) term used with leading lights to describe the position of the light on the lead as viewed from seaward. term used with leading lights to describe the position of the light on the lead as viewed from seaward. term used with leading lights to describe the position of the light on the lead as viewed from seaward. term used with leading lights to describe the position of the light on the lead as viewed from seaward. a short range (up to 2km) type of directional light. Sodium lighting gives a yellow background to a screen on which a vertical black line will be seen by an observer on the centre line. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4, 475.8) INT 1: IP 31; M-4: 475.8; a light available as a backup to a main light which will be illuminated should the main light fail. a light which enables its approximate bearing to be obtained without the use of a compass. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4, 478.1) INT 1: 478.1; a group of lights of identical character and almost identical position, that are disposed horizontally. a group of lights of identical character and almost identical position, that are disposed vertically. Category of marine farm/culture 海水养殖场类 No remarks hard shelled animals, for example crabs or lobsters. INT 1: IK 47-48.2; M-4: 447.4,6; edible bivalve molluscs (oysters, mussels, scallops…) INT 1: IK 47-48.2; M-4: 447.4,6; vertebrate cold blooded animal with gills, living in water. INT 1: IK 47-48.2; M-4: 447.4,6; the general name for marine plants of the Algae class which grow in long narrow ribbons. (International Maritime Dictionary, 2nd Ed.) an area where pearls are artificially cultivated. Category of military practice area 军事演习区类 No remarks. an area within which exercises are carried out with torpedoes. an area within which submarine exercises are carried out. INT 1: IN 33; M-4: 441.5; areas for bombing and missle exercises. (Adapted from IHO Chart Specifications, M-4, 441) INT 1: IN 30; M-4: 441.2-3; an area within which mine laying exercises are carried out. INT 1: IN 32; M-4: 441.4; an area for shooting pistols, rifles and machine guns, etc. at a target. Category of mooring/warping facility 系泊绞缆设备类 No remarks. a post or group of posts, which may support a deck, used for mooring or warping a vessel. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1433) INT 1: IF 20; M-4: 327.1; a post or group of posts, which a vessel may swing around for compass adjustment. INT 1: IF 21; M-4: 327.2; small shaped post, mounted on a wharf or dolphin used to secure ship's lines. a tie-up wall is a section of wall designated for tying-up vessels awaiting transit. Bollards and mooring devices are available for both large and small ships. a long heavy timber or section of steel, wood, concrete, etc., forced into the seabed to serve as a mooring facility. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3840) INT 1: IF 22; a connection between two independent objects e.g. a buoy and pile or between two buoys used as a mooring facility. INT 1: IQ 42; M-4: 431.6; a buoy secured to the bottom by permanent moorings with means for morring a vessel by use of its anchor chain or mooring lines. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 575) INT 1: IQ 40-43; M-4: 431.5; Category of navigation line 导航线类 No remarks. a straight line that marks the boundary between a safe and a dangerous area or that passes clear of a navigational danger. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 826) INT 1: IM 2; M-4: 433; a line passing through one or more fixed marks. INT 1: IM 2; a line passing throuhg one or more clearly defined objects, along the path of which a vessel can approach safely up to a certain distance off. (Adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2696) INT 1: IM 1, 3; M-4: 433; Category of obstruction 障碍物类 a tree, branch or broken pile embedded in the ocean floor, river or lake bottom and not visible on the surface, forming thereby a hazard to vessels. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4794) INT 1: IK 43; M-4: 327.5; a submarine structure projecting some distance above the seabed and capping a temporarily abandoned or suspended oil or gas well. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5976) INT 1: IL 21, 23; M-4: 445.1; a structure on an outfall through which liquids are discharged. The structure will usually project above the level of the outfall and can be an obstruction to navigation. INT 1: IL 43; a permanent structure set in the water, framed with wooden beams and filled with rocks or boulders. They are used to anchor log booms or support other constructions, e.g. submerged outfalls, diffusers etc.... They may always be dry, submerged or cover and uncover. INT 1: IL 43; areas established by private interests, usually sport fishermen, to simulate natural reefs and wrecks that attract fish. The reefs are constructed by dumping assorted junk in areas which may be of very small extent or may stretch a considerable distance along a depth controur. Also called fishery reefs. INT 1: IK 436; M-4: 447.5; an area of numerous unidentified dangers to navigation. The area serves as a warning to the mariner that all dangers are not identified individually and that navigation through the area may be hazardous. Commonly used to encode areas behind danger lines on navigation charts. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1915) INT 1: IK 1; M-4: 420.1; areas over which it is safe to navigate but which should be avoided for anchoring, taking the ground or ground fishing. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4, 442.8) INT 1: IK 31; M-4: 422.8; floating barriers, anchored to the bottom, used to deflect the path of floating ice in order to prevent the obstruction of locks, intakes, etc., and to prevent damage to bridge piers and other structures. (Canadian Hydrographic Service, Chart specifications). equipment such as anchors, concrete blocks, chains and cables, etc., used to position floating structures such as trot and mooring buoys, etc. INT 1: IQ 42; M-4: 431.6; a floating barrier used to protect a river or harbour mout or to create a sheltered area for storage purposes. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 505) Category of offshore platform 海上平台类 No remarks. a tempoary mobile structure, either fixed or floating, used in the exploration stages of oil and gas fields. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition) INT 1: IL 10; M-4: 445.2; a term used to indicate a permanent offshore structure equipped to control the flow of oil or gas. It does not include entirely submarine structures. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4037) INT 1: IL 10; M-4: 445.2; a platform from which one's surroundings or events can be observed, noted or recorded such as for scientific study. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3493/3500) INT 1: IL 13; a metal lattice tower, buoyant at one end and attached at the other by a universal joint to a concrete filled base on the sea bed. The platform may be fitted with a helicopter platform, emergency accommodation and hawser/hose retrieval. (adapted from United Kingdom Hydrographic Office CSDO 607.2 (12), May 1994) a rigid frame or tube with a buoyancy device at its upper end, secured at its lower end to a universal joint on a large steel or concrete base resting on the sea bed and at its upper end to a mooring buoy by a chain or wire. (adapted from United Kingdom Hydrographic Office CSDO 607.2 (12), May 1994) INT 1: IL 12; M-4: 445.2,4; a platform secured to the sea bed and surmounted by a turntable to which ships moor. (adapted from United Kingdom Hydrographic Office CSDO 607.2 (12), May 1994) a man-made structure usually built for the exploration or exploitation of marine resources, marine scientific research, tidal observations, etc. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 240) INT 1: IL 15; an offshore facility consisting of a moored vessel by which the product is extracted, stored or exported(adapted from United Kingdom Hydrographic Office CSDO 607.2 (13), May 1994) INT 1: IL 17; a platform used primarily for eating, sleeping and recreation purposes. a floating structure with control room, power and storage facilities, attached to the sea bed by a flexible pipeline and cables. Category of oil barrier 油障类 No remarks. a pipe with holes from which air blows. When the air bubbles reach the surface they form a barrier whcih prevents the spread of oil. (Kort- og Matrikelstyrelsen, Denmark) INT 1: IF 29.2; a floating tube shaped structure, with a curtain (2 metre) hanging under it, below the surface, which prevents the spread of oil. (Kort- og Matrikelstyrelsen, Denmark) INT 1: IF 29.1; Category of pile 木桩类 No remarks. an elongated wood or metal pole embedded in the bottom to serve as a marker or support. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4960) a vertical piece of timber, metal or concrete forced into the earth or sea bed. INT 1: IF 22; M-4: 327.3; a single structure comprising 3 or more piles held together (sections of heavy timber, steel or concrete), and forced into the earth or sea bed. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3840) Category of pilot boarding place 引航员登船点类 No remarks. pilot boards from a cruising vessel. INT 1: IT 1.1-3; M-4: 491.1; pilot boards by helicopter which comes out from the shore. INT 1: IT 1.4; M-4: 491.2; pilot boards from a vessel which comes out from the shore on request. INT 1: IT 1.1-3; M-4: 491.1; Category of pipeline/pipe 管道类 No remarks. a pipe (generally a sewer or drainage pipe) discharging in to the sea or a river. INT 1: IL 41.1; M-4: 444.2,4; a pipe taking water from a river or other body of water, to drive a mill or supply a canal, waterworks, etc. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2468) INT 1: IL 41.1; M-4: 444.2,4; a pipe in a sewage system for carrying water or sewage to a disposal area. INT 1: IL 41.1; M-4: 444.2,4; a submerged pipe from which warm water bubbles, preventing the surrounding water from freezing. a pipe used for supplying of gas or liquid product. INT 1: IL 40.1; M-4: 444 Category of production area 生产区域类 No remarks. an excavation in solid rock from which building stone, limestone, etc. is removed. INT 1: IE 35.1-2; M-4: 367.1; an excavation in the earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. INT 1: IE 36; M-4: 367.2; a reserve stock of material, equipment or other supplies. a stationary plant containing apparatus for large-scale conversion of some form of energy (hydraulic, steam, chemical, nuclear, etc.) into electrical eneergy. a system of process units used to convert crude petroleum into fuels, lubricants and other petroleum-derived products. INT 1: M-4: 367; a storage area for wood used for building, carpentry, or joinery. INT 1: IF 52; M-4: 328.2; a group of buildings where goods are manufactured. an area in which a number of large-capacity storage tanks are located, generally used for crude oil or petroleum products. INT 1: M-4: 376.2; an area in which numerous wind motors are located. hill of refuse from a mine, industrial plant, etc. on land (adapted from Concise Oxford Dictionary). Category of pylon 塔架类 No remarks. a vertical construction consisting, for example, of a steel framework or of pre-stressed concrete, to support a power transmission cable or line. (adapted from Digital Geographic Information Standard -DIGEST FACC 1.2) a pylon or pole used to support a telephone or telegraph line. (Digital Geographic Information Standard - DIGEST FACC 1.2) a tower or pylon supporting steel cables which convey cars, buckets or other suspended carrier units. (adapted from Digital Geographic Information Standard - DIGEST FACC 1.2) a tower, abutment or pylon from which a bridge deck is suspended. (adapted from Digital Geographic Information Standard - DIGEST FACC 1.2) a support in the form of a pillar or pier for the spans of a bridge. (adapted from Digital Geographic Information Standard - DIGEST FACC 1.2) Category of quality of data 数据质量类 Positional Accuracy: +-5m; Sounding Technique: echo sounder/sweep; Coverage: full; Datum: WGS84 Positional Accuracy: +-20m; Sounding Technique: echo sounder/laser/sweep; Coverage: full; Datum: transformed to WGS84 Positional Accuracy: +-50m; Sounding Technique: echo sounder/lead line; Coverage: systematic; Datum: transformed to WGS84 Positional Accuracy: +-500m; Sounding Technique: lead line; Coverage: not systematic; Datum: other datum Positional Accuracy: Unknown; Sounding Technique: unknown; Coverage: not systematic; Datum: unknown datum Category of radar station 雷达站类 No remarks. a radar station established for t raffic surveillance. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4144) INT 1: IM 30; M-4: 487; a shore-based station which the mariner can contact by radio to obtain a position. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4) INT 1: IS 1; M-4: 485.1; Category of radar transponder beacon 雷达应答器类 No remarks. a radar marker beacon which continuously transmits a signal appearing as a radial line on a radar screen, the line indicating the direction of the beacon. Ramarks are intended primarily for marine use. The name "ramark" is derived from the words radar marker. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4208) INT 1: IS 2; M-4: 486.1; a radar beacon which returns a coded signal which provides identification of the beacon, as well as range and bearing. The range and bearing are indicated by the location of the first character received on the radar screen. The name "racon" is derived from the words radar beacon. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4132) INT 1: IS 3.1-6; M-4: 486.2-4; a radar beacon that may be used (in conjunction with at least one other radar beacon) to indicate a leading line. INT 1: IS 3.5; Category of radio station 无线电台类 a radiobeacon is a radio transmitter which emits a distinctive or characteristic signal on which a bearing may be taken (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4168) No remarks. a radio station which need not necessarily be manned, the emissions of which, radiated around the horizon, enable its bearing to be determined by means of the radio direction finder of a ship. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 802) INT 1: IS 10; M-4: 481.1; a special type of radiobeacon station the emissions of which are intended to provide a definite track for guidance. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1378) INT 1: IS 11; M-4: 481.2; a special type of radiobeacon station emitting a beam of waves to which a uniform turning movement is given, t he bearing of the station being determined by means of an ordinary listening receiver and a stop watch. Also referred to as a rotating loop radiobeacon. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4444) INT 1: IS 12; M-4: 481.1; a type of long range position fixing beacon. INT 1: IS 13; M-4: 481.3; a radio station intended to determine only the direction of other stations by means of transmission from the latter. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4174) INT 1: IS 14; M-4: 483; a radio station which is prepared to provide QTG service, that is to say, to transmit upon request from a ship, a radio signal, the bearing of which can be taken by that ship. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4108) INT 1: IS 15; M-4: 484; a radio beacon designed for aeronautical use. INT 1: IS 16; M-4: 482; the Decca Navigator System is a high accuracy, short to medium range radio navigational aid intended for coastal and landfall navigation. (Admirality List of Radio Signals, UK Hydrographic Office, Volume 2, 1994) Loran-C is a low frequency electronic position fixing system using pulsed transmissions at 100 Khz. (Admiralty List of Radio Signals, UK Hydrographic Office, Volume 2, 1994) a radiobeacon transmitting DGPS correction signals. Toran is an electronic position fixing system used mainly by aircraft. Omega is a long-range radio navigational aid which operates within the VLF frequency band. The system comprises eight land based stations. (Admiralty List of Radio Signals, UK Hydrographic Office, Volume 2, 1994) Syledis is a ranging position fixing system operating at 420-450MHz over a range of up to 400Km. Chiaka is a low frequency electronic position fixing system using pulsed transmissions at 100 Khz. (Admirality List of Radio Signals, UK Hydrographic Office, Volume 2, 1995) Category of recommended track 推荐航线类 No remarks. A straight route (known as a recommended track, range or leading line) which comprises: at least two structures (usually beacons or daymarks) and/or natural features, which may carry lights and/or top-marks. The structures/features are positioned so that when observed to be in line a vessel can follow a known bearing with safety. or A single structure or natural feature, which may carry lights and/or a top-mark, and a specified bearing which can be followed with safety INT 1: IM 3; M-4: 434.1-2; a route (known as a recommended track or preferred route) which is not based on a series of structures or features in line. INT 1: IM 4; M-4: 434.1-2; Category of rescue station 救助站类 No remarks. a place where equipment for saving life at sea is maintained; the type of lifeboat may vary from fast, long distance boats to inflatable inshore boats. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4) INT 1: IT 12; M-4: 493; rocket- a pyrotechnic projectile used for signalling or for life-saving purposes. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4418) INT 1: IT 12; M-4: 493; shelter or protection from danger or distress at sea. INT 1: IT 14; IQ 124; M-4: 456.4; shelter or protection from danger in areas exposed to extreme and sudden tides or tidal streams. INT 1: IT 14; IQ 124; M-4: 456.4; a place where a lifeboat is moored ready for use. INT 1: IT 13; M-4: 493.2; a radio station reserved for emergency situations, might also be a public telephone. a place where first aid equipment is available. Category of restricted area 限制区类 The official legal status of each kind of restricted area defines the kind of restriction(s), e.g. the restriction for a 'game preserve' may be 'entering prohibited', the restriction for an 'anchoring prohibition area' is 'anchoring prohibited'. For RESARE objects, at least one of attributes CATREA or RESTRN must be encoded. the area around an offshore installation within which vessels are prohibited from entering without premission; special regulations protect installations within a safety zone and vessels of all nationalities are required to respect the zone. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition 4471) INT 1: IL 3; A tract of land or water managed so as to preserve its flora, fauna, physical features, etc.... INT 1: IN 22; a place where birds are bred and protected. INT 1: IN 22; a place where wild animals or birds hunted for sport or food are kept undisturbed for private use. INT 1: IN 22; a place where seals are protected. INT 1: IN 22; an area, usually about two cables diameter, within which ships' magnetic fields may be measured; sensing instruments and cables are installed on the sea bed in the range and there are cables leading from the range to a control position ashore. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4) INT 1: IN 25; M-4: 448.1-3; an area controlled by the military in which restrictions may apply. (Hydrographic Service, Royal Australian Navy) INT 1: IN 31; an area around certain wrecks of historical importance to protect the wrecks from unauthorized interference by diving, salvage or deposition (including anchoring). (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4) INT 1: IN 26; M-4: 449.5; an area around a navigational aid which vessels are prohibited from entering. INT 1: IM 29.1; M-4: 435.7; an area laid and maintained with explosive mines for defence or practice purposes. INT 1: IN 34; M-4: 441.8; an area in which people may swim and therefor vessel movement may be restricted. an area reserved for vessels waiting to enter a harbour. an area where marine research takes place. an area where dredging is taking place. INT 1: IN 63; M-4: 446.4; A place where fish (including shellfish and crustaceans) are protected. A tract of land or water managed so as to preserve the relation of plants and living creatures to each other and to their surroundings. an area in which a vessel's speed must be reduced in order to reduce the size of the wake it produces. an area where vessels turn. (Service Hydrographique et Oceanographique de la Marine, France) an area within which people may water ski and therefore vessel movements may be restricted. a generic term which may be used to describe a wide range of areas, considered sensitive for a variety of environmental reasons. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4) INT 1: N 22; M-4: B-437.1; an area that needs special protection through action by IMO because of its significance for regional ecological, socio-economic or scientific reasons and because it may be vulnerable to damage by international shipping activities. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4) INT 1: N 22; M-4: B-437.6; Category of road 道路类 No remarks. a main road with separate carriageways and limited access, specially constructed and controlled for fast motor traffic. INT 1: ID 10; M-4: 365.1; a hard surfaced (metalled) road; a main through route. INT 1: ID 11; M-4: 365.2; a secondary road for local traffic. INT 1: ID 11; M-4: 365.2; track - a rough path or way formed by use. path - a way or track laid down for walking or made by continual trading. INT 1: ID 12; M-4: 365.3; a main road, in an urban area, for through traffic. INT 1: ID 12; M-4: 365.3; a secondary road, in an urban area, for local traffic. a place where roads, etc. intersect. Category of runway 跑道类 No remarks. a level stretch of land where aeroplanes take off and land. a site on which helicopters may land and take off. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2232) Category of sea area 海区类 No remarks. For SEAARE objects, at least one of attributes CATSEA or OBJNAM must be encoded. a natural or artificial passage or channel through shoals or steep banks, or across a line of banks lying between two channels. (IHO Hydrographic Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition) an elevation over which the depth of water is relatively shallow, but normally sufficient for safe surface navigation. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature Names, 2nd Edition) in oceanography, an obsolete term which was generally restricted to depths greater than 6,000m. (IHO Hydrographic Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition) an indentation in the coastline. a long narrow, characteristically very deep and asymmetrical depression of the sea floor with relatively steep sides. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature Names, 2nd Edition) a depression, characteristically in the deep sea floor, more or less equidimensional in plan and of variable extent. (adapted from IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature Names, 2nd Edition) a level tract of land, as the bed of a dry lake or an area frequently uncovered at low tide. Usually in plural. rock lying at or near the sea surface that may constitute a hazard to surface navigation. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a rocky formation continuous with and fringing the shore. (IHO Hydrographic Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition) a relatively narrow, deep depression with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope, developed characteristically on some continental slopes. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a navigable narrow part of a bay, strait, river, etc. (IHO Hydrographic Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition) an offshore hazard to surface navigation that is composed of unconsolidated material. (adapted from IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a relatively small isolated elevation of a rounded shape. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) (a) A long, narrow elevation with steep sides. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) (b) A long, narrow elevation often separating ocean basins. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) (c) The linked major mid-oceanic mountain systems of global extent. Also called mid-oceanic ridge. (adapted from IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a large isolated elevation, greater than 1000m in relief above the sea floor, characteristically of conical form. (adapted from IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) any high tower or spire-shaped pillar or rock or coral, alone or cresting a summit. It may extend above the surface of the water. It may or may not be a hazard to surface navigation. (IHO Hydrographic Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition) an extensive, flat, gently sloping or nearly level region at abyssal depths. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a flat or nearly flat area of considerable extent, dropping off abruptly on one or more sides. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a subordinate elevation, ridge or rise projecting outward from a larger feature. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a zone adjacent to a continent (or around an island) and extending from the low water line to a depth at which there is usually a marked increase of slope towards oceanic depths. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a long depression of the sea floor characteristically flat bottomed and steep sided and normally shallower than a trench. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a broad pass, resembling in shape a riding saddle, in a ridge or beetween contiguous seamounts. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a tract, on occasion extensive, of low (100-500m) elevations on the deep sea floor. (adapted from IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a gently dipping featureless surface, underlain primarily by sediment, at the base of any steeper slope. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a gentle slope with a generally smooth surface on the sea floor, characteristically found around groups of islands or seamounts. (adapted from IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a region adjacent to a continent, normally occupied by or bordering a shelf, that is highly irregular with depths well in excess of those typical of a shelf. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) the zone, generally consisting of shelf, slope and rise, separating the continent from the abyssal plain or deep sea floor. (adapted from IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a gentle slope rising from the oceanic depths towards the foot of a continental slope. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) an elongated and comparitively steep slope separating or gently sloping areas. Also called: scarp. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a relatively smooth, fan-like, depositional feature normally sloping away from the outer termination of a canyon or canyon system. Also called: cone. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) an extensive linear zone of irregular topography of the sea floor, characterized by steep-sided or asymmetrical ridges, troughs or escarpments. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a narrow break in a ridge or rise. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a seamount having a comparatively smooth flat top. Also called tablemount. (IHO Hydrographic Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition and IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a small isolated elevation (see also abyssal hills). (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a local depression, often steep sided, of the sea floor. (adapted from IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a depositional embankment bordering a canyon, valley or deep-sea channel. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) the axial depression of the mid-oceanic ridge system. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) an annular depression that may not be continuous, located at the base of many seamounts, islands and other isolated elevations. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a large and complex grouping of ridges and seamounts. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a prominent elevation either pointed or of a very limited extent across the summit. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a region identifiable by a group of similar physiographic features whose characteristics are markedly in contrast with surrounding areas. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) (a) A broad elevation that rises gently and generally smoothly from the sea floor. (b) The linked major mid-oceanic mountain systems of global extent. Also called mid-oceanic ridge. (adapted from IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a continuously sloping, elongated narrow depression commonly found in fans or abyssal plains and customarily bordered by leevees on one or both sides. (adapted from IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) several seamounts in linear or orcuate alignment. Also called: seamounts. (adapted from IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a narrow zone at the seaward margin of a shelf along which is a marked increase of slope. Also called: shelf break. (adapted from IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a sea floor barrier of relatively shallow depth restricting water movement between basins. (adapted from IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) the slope seaward from the shelf edge to the upper edge of a continental rise or the point where there is a general reduction in slope. (adapted from IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a relatively flat horizontal or gently inclined surface, sometimes long and narrow, which is bounded by a steeper ascending slope on one side and by a steeper descending slope on the opposite side. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) a relatively shallow, wide depression, the bottom of which usually has a continuous gradient. This term is generally not used for features that have canyon-like characteristics for a significant portion of their extent. Also called: submarine valley; sea valley. (IHO-IOC Publication B-6, Standardization of Undersea Feature names, 2nd Edition) an artificial water course used for navigation. a large body of water entirely surrounded by land. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2629) a relatively large natural stream of water. a straight section of a river, especially a navigable river between two bends or an arm of the sea extending into the land (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4239) Category of shoreline construction 岸线建筑物类 The attribute 'category of shoreline construction' encodes the usage of a shoreline construction. a structure protecting a shore area, harbour, anchorage, or basin from waves. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 542) INT 1: IF 4.1-3; M-4: 322.1; a low artificial wall-like structure of durable material extending from the land to seaward for a particular purpose, such as to prevent coast erosion (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2525 and IHO Chart Specifications, M-4). INT 1: IF 6.1-3; M-4: 313.4; a form of breakwater alongside which vessels may lie on the sheltered side only; in some cases it may lie entirely within an articial harbour, permitting vessels to lie along both sides. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4) INT 1: IF 12; M-4: 321.3; a long, narrow structure extending into the water to afford a berthing place for vessels, to serve as a promenade, etc. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3833) INT 1: IF 14; M-4: 321.2,4; a pier built only for recreational purposes. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4) INT 1: IF 15; M-4: 321.2; a structure serving as a berthing place for vessels. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5985) INT 1: IF 13; M-4: 321.1; a wall or bank, often submerged, built to direct or confine the flow of a river or tidal current, or to promote a scour action. (Adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5586 and IHO Chart Specifications, M-4). INT 1: IF 5; M-4: 321.2; A layer of broken rock, cobbles, boulders, or fragments of sufficent size to resist the erosive forces of flowing water and wave action. (Adapted from Marine Chart Manual, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA, 1992) facing of stone or other material, either permanent or temporary, placed along the edge of a stream, river or canal to stabilize the bank and to protect it from the erosive action of the stream. (Adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4379) an embankment or wall for protection against wave or tidal action along a shore or water front. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4584) INT 1: IF 2; M-4: 313.2; steps at the shoreline as the connection between land and water on different levels. INT 1: IF 18; a sloping structure that can either be used, as a landing place, at variable water levels, for small vessels landing ships, or a ferry boat, or for hauling a cradle carrying a vessel, which may include rails. (Adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4209) INT 1: IF 23; the prepared and usually reinforced inclined surface on which keel- and bilge-blocks are laid for supporting a vessel under construction. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4775) INT 1: IF 23; a protective structure designed to cushion the impact of a vessel and prevent damage. INT 1: IF 23; M-4: 324.1; a wharf consisting of a solid wall of concrete, masonry, wood, etc., such that the water cannot circulate freely under the wharf. The type of construction affects ship-handling; for example, a solid face wharf may give shelter from tidal streams, but under certain circumstances a cusion of water may build up between such a wharf and a ship attempting to berth at it, causing difficulties in ship handling. (Capt. A. Rae, pilot, Port of Halifax & Mr. R. Morash, wharf building engineer, Transport Canada) a wharf supported on piles or other structures which allow free circulation of water under the wharf. (Capt. A. Rae, pilot, Port of Halifax & Mr. R. Morash, wharf building engineer, Transport Canada) an inclined plane used to dump logs into the water for t ransport, or to haul logs out of the water for processing. Category of signal station, traffic 交通信号站类 No remarks. a signal station for the control of vessels within a port. INT 1: IT 23; M-4: 495.1; a signal station for the control of vessels entering or leaving a port. a signal station displaying International Port Traffic signals. INT 1: IT 21; M-4: 495.5; a signal station for the control of vessels when berthing. a signal station for the control of vessels entering or leaving a dock. a signal station for the control of vessels entering or leaving a lock. INT 1: IT 24; M-4: 495.2; a signal station for the control of vessels wishing to pass throuhg a flood control barrage. a signal station for the control of vessels wishing to pass under a bridge. INT 1: IT 25.1; M-4: 495.3; a signal station indicating when dredging is in progress. visual signal lights placed in a waterway to indicate to shipping the movements authorised at the time at which they are shown. INT 1: IT 22, 25.2; M-4: 495.1; Category of signal station, warning 告警信号台类 No remarks. a signal or message warning of the presence of a danger to navigation. INT 1: IT 35; M-4: 490.1; a signal or message warning of the presence of a maritime obstruction. a signal or message warning of the presence of a cable. a signal or message warning of activity in a military practice area. INT 1: IT 36; M-4: 490.1; a station that may receive or transmit distress signals. INT 1: IT 26; M-4: 497; a visual signal displayed to indicate a weather forcast. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4740) INT 1: IT 29; M-4: 494.1; a signal or message conveying information about storm conditions. INT 1: IT 28; M-4: 494.1; a signal or message conveying information about ice conditions. INT 1: IT 30; M-4: 494.1; an accurate signal marking a specified time or time interval. It is used primarily for determining errors of timepieces. Such signals are usually sent from an observatory by radio or telegraph, but visual signals are used at some ports. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4735) INT 1: IT 31; M-4: 494.2; a signal or message conveying information on tidal conditions in the area in question. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4734) INT 1: IT 33; M-4: 496.2; a signal or message conveying information on condition of tidal currents in the area in question. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4733) INT 1: IT 34; M-4: 496.3; a device for measuring the height of tide. A graduated staff in a sheltered area where visual observations can be made; or it may consist of an elaborate recording instrument making a continuous graphic record of tide height against time. Such an instrument is usually actuated by a float in a pipe communicating with the sea through a small hole which filters out shorter waves. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1984) INT 1: IT 32.2; M-4: 496.1; a visual scale which directly shows the height of the water above chart datum or a local datum. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4, 496) INT 1: IT 32.1; M-4: 496.1; a signal or message warning of diving activity. a device for measuring and conveying information about the water level (non-tidal) in the area in question. INT 1: IT 33; M-4: 496.2; Category of silo/tank 筒仓、罐类 No remarks. a generally cylindrical tower used for storing fodder or grain. a fixed structure for storing liquids. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5290) INT 1: IE 33; M-4: 376.3; a storage building for grain. Usually a tall frame, metal or concrete structure with an especially compartmented interior. (The New Encyclopedia Britannica Micropedia, 15th Edition) INT 1: IE 32; M-4: 376.1-2; a tower with an elevated container used to hold water. Category of slope 斜坡类 No remarks. an excavation throuhg high ground for a road, canal, etc. INT 1: ID 14; M-4: 363.2; an artificial elevation constructed from earth, stone, etc. carrying a road, railway or similar or serving to dam water. INT 1: ID 15; M-4: 364.1; a mound, ridge or hill of drifted material on the sea coast or in a desert. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1496) INT 1: IC 8; M-4: 312.3; a small isolated elevation, smaller than a mountain. (IHO Dictiomary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2262) land rising abruptly for a considerable distance above the water or surrounding land. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 829) INT 1: IC 3; M-4: 312.1; rocky debris on the side or at the foot of a mountain forming a steep stony slope. Category of small craft facility 小型船用设备类 No Remarks. a berth set aside for the use of visiting vessels. INT 1: IU 2; a club for mariners generally associated with other small craft facilities. INT 1: IU 4; boat hoist – a hoist for lifting boats out of the water (also known as a travel lift) INT 1: IU 6; a place where sails are made or may be taken for repair. INT 1: IU 8; a place on shore where boats may be built, stored and repaired. INT 1: IU 9; a public house providing food, drink and accommodation. (The Collins Reference English Dictionary, 1992( INT 1: IU 10; a commercial establishment serving food. (The Collins Reference Dictionary, 1992( INT 1: IU 11; a dealer in ships' supplies. (The Collins Reference Dictionary, 1992) INT 1: IU 12; a place where food and other such supplies are available. INT 1: IU 13; a place where a doctor is available to provide medical attention. INT 1: IU 15; a place where medical drugs are dispensed. INT 1: IU 16; a place where fresh water is available. INT 1: IU 17; a place where fuel is available. INT 1: IU 18; a place where a connection to an electrical supply is available. INT 1: IU 19; a place where bottled gas is available. INT 1: IU 20; a place where showers are available. INT 1: IU 21; a place where there are facilities for washing clothes. INT 1: IU 22; a place where toilets are available for public use. INT 1: IU 23; a place where mail my be posted. INT 1: IU 24; a place where a telephone is available for public use. INT 1: IU 25; a place where refuse may be dumped. INT 1: IU 26; a place where cars may be parked. INT 1: IU 27; a place on shore where boats and/or trailers may be parked. INT 1: IU 28; a place where caravans may be parked or where caravan accommodation is provided. INT 1: IU 29; a place where visitors may pitch tents and camp. INT 1: IU 30; a place where sewerage may be pumped off a vessel. a place where a telephone is available for emergency use only. a place where boats may be landed or launched. INT 1: IF 17; IU 7; a mooring set aside for the use of visiting vessels. INT 1: IU 3; a place where vessels may berth for the purpose of careening. a place where people may go to eat a picnic. a place where mechanical repairs can be undertaken to engines or other vessel equipment. a place where a vessel is patrolled by a security service or stored in a secure lockup. Category of special purpose mark 专用标志类 A mark may be a beacon, a buoy, a signpost or may take another form. a mark used to indicate a firing danger area, usually at sea. INT 1: IQ 125; any object toward which something is directed. the distinctive marking or instrumentation of a ground point to aid its identification on a photograph. (Adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5309) INT 1: IQ 51; a mark marking the position of a ship which is used as a target during some military exercise. (Bundeamt fur Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie, Germany) INT 1: IQ 52; a mark used to indicate a deguassing range. INT 1: IQ 54; a mark of relevance to barges. INT 1: IQ 53; a mark used to indicate the position of submarine cables or the point at which they run onto the land. INT 1: IQ 55, 123; a mark used to indicate the limit of a spoil ground (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4931) INT 1: IQ 56; a mark used to indicate the position of an outfall or the point at which it leaves the land. INT 1: IQ 57; Ocean Data Acquistion System (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5953) INT 1: IQ 58; a mark used to record data for scientific purposes. INT 1: IQ 59; a mark used to indicate a seaplane anchorage. INT 1: IQ 60; a mark used to indicate a recreation zone. INT 1: IQ 62; a mark indicating a mooring or morrings. M-4: 431.5;; a large buoy designed to take the place of a lightship where construction of an offshore light station is not feasible. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2656) INT 1: IQ 26; aids to navigation or other indicators so located as to indicate the path to be followed. Leading marks identify a leading line when they are in transit. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2697) INT 1: IQ 120; a mark forming part of a transit indicating one end of a measured distance. INT 1: IQ 122; a notice board or sign indicating information to the mariner. INT 1: IQ 126; a mark indicating a t raffic separation scheme. INT 1: IQ 61 a mark indicating an anchoring prohibited area. a mark indicating that berthing is prohibited. a mark indicating that overtaking is prohibited. a mark indicating a one-way route. a mark indicating that vessels must not generate excessive wake. a mark indicating that a speed limit applies. a mark indicating the plalce where the bow a ship must stop when traffic lights show red. a mark indicating that special caution must be excercised in the vicinity of the mark. a mark indicating that a ship should sound its siren or horn. a mark indicating the minimum vertical space available for passage. a mark indicating the maximum draught of vessel permitted. a mark indicating the minimum horizontal space available for passage. a mark warning of strong currents. a mark indicating that berthing is allowed. a mark indicating an overhead power cable. a mark indicating the gradient of the slope of a dredge channel edge. a mark indicating the presence of a telephone. a mark indicating that a ferry route crosses the ship route; often used with a 'sound ship's siren' mark. a mark used to indicate the position of submarine pipelines or the point at which they run on to the land. a mark indicating an anchorage area. a mark used to indicate a clearing line. INT 1: IQ 121; a mark indicating the location at which a restriction or requirement exists. a mark indicating that diving may take place in the vicinity. a mark providing or indicating a place of safety. INT 1: IQ 124; a mark indicating a foul ground. a mark installed for use by yachtsmen. a mark indicating an area where helicopters may land. a mark indicating a location at which a GPS position has been accurately determined. a mark indicating an area where sea-planes land. a mark indicating that entry ins prohibited. a mark indicating that work (generally construction) is in progress. a mark whose detailed characteristics are unknown. a mark indicating a borehole that produces or is capable of producing oil or natural gas. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5971) INT 1: IL 23; a mark indicating the point at which a channel divides separately into two channels. a mark indicating the existence of a fish, mussel, oyster or pearl farm/culture. a mark indicating the existence or the extent of an artificial reef. Category of Traffic Separation Scheme 分道通航制类 No remarks. a defined Traffic Separation Scheme that has been adopted as an IMO routing measure. a defined Traffic Separation Scheme that has not been adopted as an IMO routing measure. Category of vegetation 植被类 No remarks. vegetation belonging to a group of plants with green blades that are eaten by cattle, sheep, etc. (The Concise Oxford Dictionary) a shrub or clump of shrubs with stems of moderate length. (The Concise Oxford Dictionary) a wood with trees that shed their leaves annually. (Bundesamt fur Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie, Germany) a wood with evergreen trees of a group usually bearing cones, including yews, cedars and redwoods. (Bundesamt fur Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie, Germany) growing trees densely occupying a tract of land. (The Concise Oxford Dictionary) INT 1: IC 30; M-4: 354.1; one of several genera of tropical trees or shrubs which produce many prop roots and grow along low lying coasts into shallow water. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3064) INT 1: IC 32; M-4: 312.4; a mixture of arable crops. any of various water or marsh plants with a firm stem. (The Oxford Dictionary) any small cryptogamous plant of the class Musci, growing in dense clusters on the surface of the ground in bogs, on trees, stones, etc. (The Concise Oxford Dictionary) a woody perennial plant, having a self supporting main stem or trunk. INT 1: IC 31; M-4: 354.2; a tree which keeps its foliage all year round. INT 1: IC 31.2; M-4: 354.2; a cone-bearing, needle-leaved or scale-leaved evergreen tree. (adapted from The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th Edition, 1991) INT 1: IC 31.3; M-4: 354.2; a tropical or sub-tropical tree, shrub or vine having a tall, unbranched, columnar trunk. The trunk is crowned by a tuft of large, pleated fan or feather shaped leaves with stout sheating and often prickly petioles (stalks), the persistent bases of which frequently clothe the trunk. (adapted from The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th Edition, 1991) INT 1: IC 31.4; M-4: 354.2; (also called Nypa palm) a rare palm tree with regular branching involving equal or sub-equal division of the apex that results in forking. (adapted from The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th Edition, 1991) INT 1: IC 31.5; M-4: 354.2; (also called beefwood, Australian pine, ironwood, she-oak, swamp oak, whisteling pine) a tree characterized by slender, green, often drooping branches taht are deeply grooved and that bear, at intervals, whorls of tine leaves. (adapted from The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th Edition, 1991( INT 1: IC 31.6; M-4: 354.2; an instance of a large genus of mostly very large trees (90 metres). (adapted from The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th Edition, 1991) INT 1: IC 31.8; M-4: 354.2; a tree which sheds its foliage for part of the year (generally in winter). INT 1: IC 31.1; M-4: 354.2; one of several genera of tropical trees or shrubs which produce many prop roots and grow along low lying coasts in to shallow waters. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3064) INT 1: IC 32; M-4: 312.4; a variety of tropical or sub-tropical tree. INT 1: IC 31.7; M-4: 354.2; Category of water turbulence 紊流类 No remarks. a wave breaking on the shore, over a reef, etc. Breakers may be roughly classified into three kinds, althouhg the categories may overlap: spilling breakers break gradually over a considerable distance; plunging breakers tend to curl over and break with a crash; and surging breakers peak up, but then instead of spilling or plunging they surge up on the beach face. The French word 'brisant' is also used for the obstacle causing the breaking of the wave. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 540) INT 1: IK 17; M-4: 423.2; circular movements of water usually formed where currents pass obstructions, between two adjacent current flowing counter to each other, or along the edge of a permanent current. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1560) INT 1: IH 45; M-4: 423.3; short, breaking waves occurring when a strong current passes over a shoal or other submarine obstruction or meets a contrary current or wind. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3631) INT 1: IH 44; M-4: 423.1; small waves formed on the surface of water by the meeting of opposing tidal currents or by a tidal current crossing an irregular bottom. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5494) INT 1: IH 44; M-4: 423.1; a wave that forms over a submerged offshore reef or rock, sometimes (in very calm weather or at high tide) nearly swelling but in other conditions breaking heavily and producing a dangerous stretch of broken water; the reef or rock itself. Also called bumbora or bomborah. (Australian National Dictionary) Category of weed/kelp 海草、巨型海藻类 No remarks. a giant plant sometimes 60 metres long with no roots, it is anchored by hold-fasts or tendrils up to 10 metres long, that cling to rock. Gas filled bubbles on fronds act as floats keeping the kelp just below the surface. (Earth Sciences Reference, Mary McNeil) INT 1: IJ 13.2; M-4: 428.2; general name for marine plants of the algae class which grow in long narrow ribbons. Also called sea grass. (International Maritime Dictionary, 2nd Edition) INT 1: IJ 13.1; M-4: 425.5; any grasslike marine alga. Eelgrass is one of the best known seagrasses. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4565) a certain type of sea weed, or more generally, a large floating mass of this sea weed. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4501) Category of wreck 沉船类 No remarks. For WRECKS objects, at least one of attributes CATWRK or VALSOU must be encoded. a wreck which is not considered to be dangerous to surface navigation. INT 1: IK 29; M-4: 422.6; a wreck which is considered to be dangerous to surface navigation. INT 1: IK 28; M-4: 422.5; (foul ground) an area over which it is safe to navigate but which should be avoided for anchoring, taking the ground or ground fishing. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4) INT 1: IK 31; M-4: 422.8; wreck of which only the mast(s) is visible at the sounding datum indicated. INT 1: IK 25; M-4: 422.2; wreck of which any portion of the hull or superstructure is visible at the sounding datum indicated. INT 1: IK 24; M-4: 422.2; Category of zone of confidence in data 数据置信度区类 Character spacing 字符空格 No remarks. S expanded or condensed to fit between the first and last positions. character spacing in accordance with the typeface in use. Character specification 字符说明 INT 1: not specified; M-4: not specified; No remarks. Colour 颜色 No remarks. Must be encoded for all LIGHTS objects, except air obstruction lights or fog detector lights. INT 1: IP 11.1; M-4: 450.2-3; INT 1: IP 11.2; M-4: 450.2-3; INT 1: IP 11.3; M-4: 450.2-3; INT 1: IP 11.4; M-4: 450.2-3; INT 1: IP 11.6; M-4: 450.2-3; INT 1: IP 11.8; M-4: 450.2-3; INT 1: IP 11.5; M-4: 450.2-3; INT 1: IP 11.7; M-4: 450.2-3; Colour pattern 彩色图案 No remarks. Mandatory for ANY OBJECT that has more than one colour. straight bands or stripes of differing colours painted horizontally. straight bands or stripes of differing colours painted vertically. straight bands or stripes of differing colours painted diagonally (ie not horizontally or vertically). often referred to as checker plate, where alternate colours are used to create squares similar to a chess or draught board. The platform may be straight or diagonal. straight bands or stripes of differing colours painted in an unknown direction. a band or stripe of colour which is displayed around the outer edge of the object which may also form a border to an inner pattern or plain colour. Communication channel 通信频道 A channel number assigned to a specific radio frequency, frequencies or frequency band. INT 1: IM 40; M-4: 488; Each VHF-channel should be indicated in square brackets by 2 digits and up to 2 characters (A-Z) ; e.g. VHF channel 7 -> [07], VHF channel 16 -> [16] [XXXX];[XXXX];... Compass size 罗经花尺寸 specifies the display radius for a cartographic compass rose. Unit: millimetre (mm) Resolution: 0.1 mm No remarks. xx.xx Compilation date 汇编日期 The date on which the compilation of the data was completed. The compilation data should be encoded using 4 digits for the year (CCYY), 2 digits for the month (MM) (e.g. April = 04) and 2 digits for the day (DD). When no specific month and/or day is required/known, indication of the month and/or day is omitted. This conforms to ISO 8601:1988. No remarks. CCYYMMDD (mandatory); CCYYMM; CCYY Compilation scale 编辑比例尺 The scale at which the data was originally compiled. The modulus of the scale is indicated, that is 1:75 000 is encoded as 75000. Unit: none Resolution: 1 For example, the scale of the paper chart that was used for the ENC compilation. This attribute is only used in conjunction with the meta-object 'Compilation Scale of data ' (M_CSCL) which is used to define polygons of equal compilation scale. CSCALE should therefore not be confused with the attributes SCAMIN and SCAMAX. xxxxxxxx Condition 状态 The attribute 'condition' encodes the various conditions of buildings and other constructions. The default 'condition' should be considered to be completed, undamaged and working normally. This attribute should, therefore, only be used to indicate objects whose condition is anything other than 'normal'. a structure that is in the process of being built. INT 1: IF 30; M-4: 329.1; a structure in a decayed or deteriorated condition, resulting from neglect or disuse; or a damaged structure in need of repair. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4456). INT 1: ID 8; IF 33.1-2; M-4: 378.1-2; an area of the sea that is being reclaimed as land, usually by the dumping of earth and other material. INT 1: IF 31; M-4: 329.2; a windmill or windmotor from which the turbine blades are missing. INT 1: IE 25.2; M-4: 374.5; an area where future construction is planned. Conspicuous, radar 雷达可视 No remarks. an object which returns a strong radar echo. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4142). INT 1: IS 5; M-4: 485.2; an object which does not return a particularly strong radar echo. an object which returns a strong radar echo, having a radar reflector. Conspicuous, visually 视觉可见 No remarks. term applied to an object either natural or artificial which is distinctly and notably visible from seaward. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 984) M-4: 340.1; an object which is visible from seaward, but is not conspicuous. Current velocity 海流速度 The rate of travel of a current. INT 1: IH 40, 43; M-4: 407.1; 407.4; 408.3; Unit: knot (kt); Resolution: 0.1kt The attribute 'current velocity' indicates the speed of the current in knots. xx.x Date end 终止日期 The ‘date end’ should be encoded using 4 digits for the year (CCYY), 2 digits for the month (MM) (e.g. April = 04) and 2 digits for the day (DD). When no specific month and/or day is required/known, indication of the month and/or day is omitted. This conforms to ISO 8601:1988. The attribute 'date end' indicates the latest date on which an object (e.g. a buoy) will be present. This attribute is to be used to indicate the removal or cancellation of an object at a specific date in the future. See also 'periodic date end'. CCYYMMDD (mandatory); CCYYMM; CCYY Date start 开始日期 The ‘date start’ should be encoded using 4 digits for the year (CCYY), 2 digits for the month (MM) (e.g. April = 04) and 2 digits for the day (DD). When no specific month and/or day is required/known, indication of the month and/or day is omitted. This conforms to ISO 8601:1988. The attribute 'date, start' indicates the earliest date on which an object (e.g. a buoy) will be present. This attribute is to be used to indicate the deployment or implementation of an object at a specific date in the future. See also 'periodic date start'. CCYYMMDD (mandatory); CCYYMM; CCYY Depth range value 1 深度范围值1 The minimum (shoalest) value of a depth range. INT 1: II 21; IM 6; M-4: 414; 432.4; 434.3-4; Unit: defined in the DUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the DUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 fm or 0.1 ft Where the area dries, the value is negative. sxxxxx.x; s: sign, negative values only. Depth range value 2 深度范围值2 The maximum (deepest) value of a depth range. INT 1: II 21; IM 6; M-4: 414; 432.4; 434.3-4; Unit: defined in the DUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the DUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 fm or 0.1 ft Where the area dries, the value is negative. sxxxxx.x; s: sign, negative values only. Depth units 深度单位 No remarks. depths are specified in metres (SI units of length). depths are specified in fathoms (units of six feet of depth) and feet. depths are specified in feet (imperial units of length). depths are specified in fathoms (units of six feet of depth) and fractions of fathoms. Elevation 海拔 The altitude of the ground level of an object, measured from a specified vertical datum. INT 1: IC 10-13; IH 20; M-4: 352.1-2; 302.2; 405; Unit: defined in the HUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the HUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 ft No remarks. xxx.x Estimated range of transmission 预计传输范围 The estimated range of a non-optical electromagnetic transmission. INT 1: none specified; M-4: none specified; Unit: nautical mile (M); Resolution: 0.1M The estimated range (distance) assumes 'in vacuo' transmission and a standard antenna height of 5 metres. Thus it gives a hint to the mariner whether he is likely to receive transmission at a certain distance from an object carrying this attribute. xxx.x Exhibition condition of light 灯光显示状况 No remarks. a light shown throughout the 24 hours without change of character. (IHO Chart specifications, M-4) a light which is only exhibited by day. INT 1: IP 51; M-4: 473.4; a light which is exhibited in fog or conditions of reduced visibility. INT 1: IP 52; M-4: 473.5; a light which is only exhibited at night. Exposition of sounding 水深说明 This attribute indicates objects with a 'value of sounding' not within the range of depth of the surrounding depth area. These objects could be a potential danger for navigation. the depth corresponds to the depth range of the surrounding depth area. i.e. the depth is not shoaler than the minimum depth of the surrounding depth area or deeper than the maximum depth of the surrounding depth area. the depth is shoaler than the minimum depth of the surrounding depth area. the depth is deeper than the maximum depth of the surrounding depth area. Function 功能 No remarks. the office of the local official who has charge of mooring and berthing of vessels, collecting harbour fees, etc. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2191). INT 1: IF 60; M-4: 325.1; an office which is charged with enforcing customs regulations. INT 1: IF 61; M-4: 325.2; the office which is charged with the administration of health laws and sanitary inspections. (adapted from The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) INT 1: IF 62.1; M-4: 325.3; an institution or establishment providing medical or surgical treatment for the ill or wounded. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) INT 1: IF 62.2; M-4: 325.3; the public department, agency or organisation responsible primarily for the collection, transmission and distribution of mail. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) INT 1: IF 63; M-4: 372.1; an establishment, especially of a comfortable or luxurious kind, where paying visitors are provided with accommodation, meals and other services. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) a building with platforms where trains arrive, load, discharge and depart. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) INT 1: ID 13; M-4: 362.2; the office of the local police force. the headquarters of a local water-police force. the office or headquarters of pilots; the place where the services of a pilot may be obtained. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3845) INT 1: IT 3; M-4: 491.4; a distinctive structure on shore from which personnel keep watch upon events at sea or along the coast. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2917) INT 1: IT 2; M-4: 491.3; an office for custody, deposit, load, exchange or issue of money. (adapted from The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) the quarters of an executive officer (director, manager, etc.) with responsibility for an administrative area. a building or part of a building for storage of wares or goods. (adapted from The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) INT 1: IF 51; M-4: 328.1; a building or buildings with equipment for manufacturing; a workshop. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) a stationary plant containing apparatus for large scale conversion of some form of energy (such as hydraulic, steam, chemical or nuclear energy) into electrical energy. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 3rd Edition, 1984) a building for the management of affairs. (adapted from The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) INT 1: IG 72; a building concerned with education (eg. school, college, university, etc.). a building for public Christian worship. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) INT 1: IE 10.1; M-4: 373.1-2; a building for Christian worship other than a parish, cathedral or church, especially one attached to a private house or institution. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) INT 1: IE 11; a building for public Jewish worship. (adapted from The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) INT 1: IE 13; M-4: 373.2; a Hindu or Buddhist temple or sacred building. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) INT 1: IE 14; M-4: 373.3; a building for public Shinto worship. (adapted from The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) INT 1: IE 15; M-4: 373.3; see pagoda. INT 1: IE 16; M-4: 373.3; a Muslim place of worship. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) INT 1: IE 17; M-4: 373.4; a shrine marking the burial place of a Muslim holy man. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) INT 1: IE 18; M-4: 373.5; keeping a watch upon events at sea or along the coast. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2917) transmitting and/or receiving electronic communication signals. (adapted from Digital Geographic Information Standard -DIGEST) broadcast of television signals. broadcast of radio signals. a method, system or technique of using beamed, reflected and timed radio waves for detecting, locating or tracking objects, and for measuring altitudes. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4158) supporting a light. broadcasting and receiving signals using microwaves. dissipating heat. a place from which the surroundings can be observed but at which a watch is not habitually maintained. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2917) a visual time signal in form of a ball. visual time signal (adapted from S-32, 5th Edition, 5536). used to control the flow of air, rail, or marine traffic. (Digital Geographic Information Standard - DIGEST) a facility to secure an airship. (adapted from Digital Geographic Information Standard - DIGEST) a large usually unroofed building with tiers of seats for spectators. a location at which buses arrive and from which they depart. Height 高度 The value of the vertical distance to the highest point of the object, measured from a specified vertical datum. INT 1: IC 14; IE 4; IK 10-11; M-4: 302; 352.4; 421.1-2; Unit: defined in the HUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the HUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 ft Height must not be used for floating objects. xxx.x Height/length units 高度、长度单位 his attribute encodes the units of measurement for heights and lengths, but not depths for which the attribute depth units (DUNITS) is used. heights/lengths are specified in metres (SI units of length). heights/lengths are specified in feet (imperial units of length). Horizontal accuracy 水平精度 The best estimate of the horizontal accuracy of horizontal clearance and distances. Unit: defined in the HUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the HUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 ft The expected input is the radius of the two-dimensional error. The error is assumed to be positive and negative. The plus/minus character shall not be encoded. xx.x Horizontal clearance 水平净空 The width of an object, such as a canal or a tunnel, which is available for safe navigation. This may, or may not, be the same as the total physical width of the object. INT 1: ID 21; M-4: 380.2; Unit: defined in the HUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the HUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 ft No remarks. Must be encoded for GATCON objects if navigable at compilation scale. xxx.x Horizontal length 水平长度 A measurement of the longer of two linear axis. (Digital Geographic Information Working Group - DGIWG, Oct. 87) Unit: defined in the HUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the HUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 ft No remarks. xxx.x Horizontal width 水平宽度 A measurement of the shorter of two linear axis. (Digital Geographic Information Working Group -DGIWG, Oct 87) Unit: defined in the HUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the HUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 ft No remarks. xx.x Ice factor 冰况系数 The value of the maximum variation in the vertical clearance of an overhead cable due to an accumulation of ice. Unit: defined in the HUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the HUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 ft No remarks. xx.x Information 信息 Textual information about the object. INT 1: IA 16; M-4: 242.3-5; This attribute should be used, for example, to hold the information that is shown on paper charts by cautionary and explanatory notes. No formatting of text is possible within INFORM. If formatted text is required, then the attribute TXTDSC must be used. For CTNARE and PRCARE objects, at least one of attributes INFORM or TXTDSC must be encoded For S-57 Edition 3.1.1 ARCSLN, ASLXIS and NEWOBJ objects, and RESARE objects with CATREA=27 or 28, at least one of attributes INFORM or TXTDSC must be encoded. up to 300 characters may be included in this string. Jurisdiction 管辖区域 No remarks. involving more than one country; covering more than one national area. an area administered or controlled by a single nation. an area smaller than the nation in which it lies. Justification - horizontal 水平对齐 No remarks. position refers to the centre of the text S. position refers to the right side of the last character in the text S. position refers to the left side of the first character in the text S. Justification - vertical 垂直对齐 No remarks. position refers to the bottom of the text S. position refers to the centre of the text S. position refers to the top of the text S. Lifting capacity 起重能力 The specific safe lifting capacity of an object. INT 1: IF 53.1-2; M-4: 328.3; Unit: tonne (t); Resolution: 0.1 t No remarks. xxx.x Light characteristic 灯质 A selection of the above characteristics is defined and illustrated diagrammatically in IHO Chart Specifications, M-4, 471.2. Must be encoded for all LIGHTS objects, except air obstruction lights or fog detector lights. a signal light that shows continuously, in any given direction, with constant luminous intensity and colour. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2780) INT 1: IP 10.1; a rhythmic light in which the total duration of light in a period is clearly shorter than the total duration of darkness and all the appearances of light are of equal duration. It may be : single flashing : a flashing light in which a flash is regularly repeated at a rate of less than 50 flashes per minutes. group flashing : a flashing light in which a group of two or more flashes, which are specified in number, is regularly repeated. composite group flashing : a flashing light in which a sequence of groups of one or more flashes, which are specified in number, is regularly repeated, and the groups comprise different numbers of flashes. (IALA International Dictionary of Aids to Marine Navigation) INT 1: IP 10.4; a single-flashing light in which an appearance of light of not less than two seconds duration is regularly repeated. (IALA International Dictionary of Aids to Marine Navigation) INT 1: IP 10.5; a rhythmic light in which flashes are repeated at a rate of not less than 50 flashes per minutes but less than 80 flashes per minutes. It may be : continuous quick-flashing : a quick-flashing light in which a flash is regularly repeated. group quick-flashing : a quick-flashing light in which a group of two or more flashes, which are specified in number, is regularly repeated. (IALA International Dictionary of Aids to Marine Navigation) INT 1: IP 10.6; a rhythmic light in which flashes are repeated at a rate of not less than 80 flashes per minute but less than 160 flashes per minute. It may be : continuous very quick-flashing : a very quick-flashing light in which a flash is regularly repeated. group very quick-flashing : a very quick-flashing light in which a group of two or more flashes, which are specified in number, is regularly repeated. INT 1: IP 10.7; a rhythmic light in which flashes are regularly repeated at a rate of not less than 160 flashes per minute. (IALA International Dictionary of Aids to Marine Navigation) INT 1: IP 10.8; a light with all durations of light and darkness equal. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2779) INT 1: IP 10.3; a rhythmic light in which the total duration of light in a period is clearly longer than the total duration of darkness and all the eclipses are of equal duration. It may be : single-occulting : an occulting light in which an eclipse is regularly repeated. group-occulting: an occulting light in which a group of two or more eclipses, which are specified in number, is regularly repeated. composite group-occulting : an occulting light in which a sequence of groups of one or more eclipses, which are specified in number, is regularly repeated, and the groups comprise different numbers of eclipses. (IALA International Dictionary of Aids to Marine Navigation) ( INT 1: IP 10.2; a quick light in which the sequence of flashes is interrupted by regularly repeated eclipses of constant and long duration. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2790) INT 1: IP 10.6; a light in which the very rapid alternations of light and darkness are interrupted at regular intervals by eclipses of long duration. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2792) INT 1: IP 10.7; a light in which the ultra quick flashes (160 or more per minute) are interrupted at regular intervals by eclipses of long duration. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2791) INT 1: IP 10.8; a rhythmic light in which appearances of light of two clearly different durations are grouped to represent a character or characters in the Morse code. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2798) INT 1: IP 10.9; a light in which a fixed light is combined with a flashing light of higher luminous intensity (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2781). INT 1: IP 10.10; signal light that shows continuously, in any given direction, two or more colours in a regularly repeated sequence with a regular periodicity. (IALA International Dictionary of Aids to Marine Navigation). Light visibility 灯标能见度 INT 1: IP 61.1; IP 61.2; IP 45; IP 46; IP 44; IP 43; M-4: 476.2; 476.2; 475.3; 475.5; 475.3; 475.3; The attribute 'light visibility' encodes the specific visibility of a light, with respect to the light's intensity and ease of recognition. non-marine lights with a higher power than marine lights and visible from well off shore (often 'Aero' lights). (adapted from IHO Chart Specifications, M-4) INT 1: IP 61.1; M-4: 476.2; non-marine lights with lower power than marine lights. (Bundesamt fur Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie, Germany) INT 1: IP 61.2; M-4: 476.2; a decrease in the apparent intensity of a light which may occur in the case of partial obstructions. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4) INT 1: IP 45; M-4: 475.3; a light in a sector is intensified (i.e. has longer range than other sectors). (Bundesamt fur Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie, Germany) INT 1: IP 46; M-4: 475.5; a light in a sector is unintensified (i.e. has shorter range than other sectors). (Bundesamt fur Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie, Germany) a light sector is deliberately reduced in intensity, for example to reduce its effect on a built-up area. INT 1: IP 44; M-4: 475.3; said of the arc of a light sector designated by its limiting bearings in which the light is not visible from seaward. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3492) INT 1: IP 43; M-4: 475.3; this value specifies that parts of the sector are obscured. Marks navigational - system of 海上标志体系 No remarks. For M_NSYS objects, attribute MARSYS or ORIENT must be encoded. navigational aids conform to the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities - IALA A system. INT 1: IQ 130; M-4: 461; navigational aids conform to the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities - IALA B system. INT 1: IQ 130; M-4: 461; navigational aids do not conform to any defined system. navigational aids conform to a defined system other than International Association of Lighthouse Authorities - IALA. M-4: 461; Multiplicity of lights 灯组 The number of lights of identical character that exist as a co-located group. INT 1: not specified; M-4: not specified; Unit: none; Resolution: 1 No remarks. xx Nationality 国籍 the nationality is encoded by a 2 character - code following ISO 3166 (refer to Annex A to S-57 Appendix A); The attribute 'nationality' indicates the nationality of the specific object. c2 (mandatory) Nature of construction 建筑结构性质 No remarks. constructed of brick or stone. INT 1: IF 4.3; M-4: 322.1; constructed of concrete, a material made of sand and gravel that is united by cement into a hardened mass used for roads, foundations, etc. (adapted from the Illustrated Contemporary Dictionary, Encyclopaedic Edition, 1978) INT 1: IF 4.3; M-4: 322.1; constructed from large stones or blocks of concrete, often placed loosely for protection against waves or water turbulence. INT 1: IF 4.2; M-4: 322.1; constructed with a surface of hard material, usually a term applied to roads surfaced with asphalt or concrete. INT 1: ID 11; M-4: 365.2; constructed with no extra protection, usually a term applied to roads not surfaced with a hard material. INT 1: ID 12; M-4: 365.3; constructed from wood. constructed from metal. constructed from a plastic material strengthened with fibres of glass. the application of paint to some other construction or natural feature. INT 1: IQ 101; M-4: 465.2; Nature of surface 表面性质 The attribute 'nature of surface' encodes the general nature of the material of which the land surface or the sea bed is composed. Mixed bottom: where the seabed comprises a mixture of material, the main constituent is given first e.g. fine sand with mud and shells would be indicated as 4,1,17. Mud, sand, stone, rock are terms used for the general description. Clay, silt, gravel, pebbles, cobbles are more specific terms related to particle size. For SBDARE objects, at least one of attributes NATQUA or NATSUR must be encoded. soft, wet earth. INT 1: IJ 2,20; (particles of less than 0.002mm); stiff, sticky earth that becomes hard when baked. INT 1: IJ 3; (particles of 0.002-0.0625mm); when dried on hand will rub off easily. INT 1: IJ 4; (particles of 0.0625-2.0mm); tiny grains of crushed or worn rock. INT 1: IC 6; IJ 1,20; M-4: 312.2; a general term for rock fragments ranging in size from pebbles and gravel to boulders or a large rock mass. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5059) INT 1: IC 7; IJ 5,20; M-4: 312.2; 425.5-6; (particles of 2.0-4.0mm); small stones with coarse sand. INT 1: IJ 6,20; (particles of 4.0-64.0mm); small stones made smooth and round by being rolled in water. INT 1: IJ 7; (particles of 64.0-256.0mm); stones worn round and smooth by water and used for paving. INT 1: IJ 8; any formation of natural origin that constitutes an integral part of the lithosphere. The natural occuring material that forms firm, hard, and solid masses. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4415) INT 1: IJ 9,21; M-4: 426.2; the fluid or semi-fluid matter flowing from a volcano. The substance that results from the cooling of the molten rock. Part of the ocean bed is composed of lava. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2680) hard calcareous skeletons of many tribes of marine polyps. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1061) INT 1: IJ 10,22; M-4: 425.5; 426.3; exoskeletons of various water dwelling animals. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4680) INT 1: IJ 11; M-4: 425.5-6; a rounded rock with a diameter of 256mm or larger. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 527) Nature of surface - qualifying terms 表面性质限定术语 The attribute 'nature of surface - qualifying terms' encodes the nature of various forms of natural surface materials in terms of their size, morphology and consistency. For SBDARE objects, at least one of attributes NATQUA or NATSUR must be encoded. falls within the smallest size continuum for a particular nature of surface term. (M-4 425.6) INT 1: IJ 30; M-4: 425.5-6; falls within the moderate size continuum for a particular nature of surface term. (M-4 425.6) INT 1: IJ 31; M-4: 425.5-6; falls within the largest size continuum for a particular nature of surface term. (M-4 425.6) INT 1: IJ 32; M-4: 425.5-6; fractured or in pieces. (adapted from Webster's II New Riverside Dictionary, 1984) INT 1: IJ 33; M-4: 425.5-6; having an adhesive or glue like property. (adapted from Webster's II New Riverside Dictionary, 1984) INT 1: IJ 34; M-4: 425.5-6; not hard or firm. (adapted from Webster's II New Riverside Dictionary, 1984) INT 1: IJ 35; M-4: 425.5-6; not pliant; thick, resistant to flow. (adapted from Webster's II New Riverside Dictionary, 1984) INT 1: IJ 36; M-4: 425.5-6; composed of or containing material ejected from a volcano. (adapted from Webster's II New Riverside Dictionary, 1984) INT 1: IJ 37; M-4: 425.5-6; composed of or containing calcium or calcium carbonate. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 603) INT 1: IJ 38; M-4: 425.5-6; firm; usually refers to an area of the sea floor not covered by unconsolidated sediment. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2194 and adapted from Webster's II New Riverside Dictionary, 1984) INT 1: IJ 39; M-4: 425.5-6; Notice to Mariners date 航海通告日期 The Notice to Mariners date should be encoded using 4 digits for the calendar year (CCYY), 2 digits for the months (MM) (e.g. April = 04) and 2 digits for the day (DD), according to ISO 8601: 1988. No remarks. CCYYMMDD (mandatory) Object name 物标名称 The individual name of an object. INT 1: ID 7; IF 19; IN 12.2-3; M-4: 371; 323.1-2; 431.2-3; 431.5; No remarks. For LNDRGN objects, at least one of attributes CATLND or OBJNAM must be encoded. For SEAARE objects, at least one of attributes CATSEA or OBJNAM must be encoded. Orientation 方位 THe angular distance measured from true north to the major axis of the object. (Digital Geographic Information Working Group - DGIWG, Oct. 87) INT 1: IM 1-4; 40; IP 20.1-2, 21, 30.1-2, 31; IS 3.5, 11; M-4: 433.2-6; 434.1-2; 475.6-8; 487.2; 488; Unit: degree (°); Resolution: 0.01 degree No remarks. Must be encoded for all LIGHTS objects that are directional or moire effect lights. For TSSLPT objects when the lane part is a junction, attribute ORIENT is not encoded. For M_NSYS objects, attribute MARSYS or ORIENT must be encoded. xxx.xx Periodic date end 定期终止日期 The end of the active period for a seasonal object (e.g. a buoy). See also 'date end'. INT 1: IQ 71; M-4: 460.5; the 'periodic date end' should be encoded using 4 digits for the calendar year (CCYY), 2 digits for the month (MM) (e.g. April = 04) and 2 digits for the day (DD). When no specific year is required (ie the object is removed at the same time each year) the following two cases may be considered: - same day each year: --MMDD; - same month each year: --MM; This conforms to ISO 8601: 1988. No remarks. CCYYMMDD (full date, mandatory); --MMDD (same day each year, mandatory); --MM (same month each year, mandatory) Periodic date start 定期开始日期 The start of the active period for a seasonal object (e.g. a buoy). See also 'date start'. INT 1: IQ 71; M-4: 460.5; the 'periodic date, start' should be encoded using 4 digits for the calendar year (CCYY), 2 digits for the month (MM) (e.g. April = 04) and 2 digits for the day (DD). When no specific year is required (ie the object is deployed at the same time each year) the following two cases may be considered: - same day each year: --MMDD; - same month each year: --MM This conforms to ISO 8601: 1988. No remarks. CCYYMMDD (full date, mandatory); --MMDD (same day each year, mandatory); --MM (same month each year, mandatory) Pictorial representation 图示显示 Indicates whether a pictorial representation of the object is available. INT 1: IE 3.1-2; M-4: 456.5; 457.3; the string encodes the file name of an external graphic file (pixel/vector) The 'pictorial representation' could be a drawing or a photo. Pilot district 引航区域 The area within which a particular pilotage service operates. INT 1: IT 1.2; M-4: 491.1-2; No remarks. Producing country 生产国家 The country responsible for data production. country (c2): Two letter code according to ISO 3166 (refer to Annex A to S-57 Appendix A) c2 (mandatory) Product 产品 The attribute 'product' encodes the various substances which are transported, stored or exploited. a thick, slippery liquid that will not dissolve in water, usually petroleum based in the context of storage tanks. (adapted from the Oxford Minidictionary, Third Edition) INT 1: IE 32;IL 40.1-2; M-4: 376.1-2; 444.1; a substance with particles that can move freely, usually a fuel substance, in the context of storage tanks. (adapted from the Oxford Minidictionary, Third Edition) INT 1: IE 32;IL 40.1-2; M-4: 376.1-2; 444.1 a colourless, odourless, tasteless liquid that is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen. (adapted from the Oxford Minidictionary, Third Edition) INT 1: IL 40.1; M-4: 444.4; a general term for rock fragments. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5059) a hard black mineral that is burned as fuel. (adapted from the Oxford Minidictionary, Third Edition) a solid rock or mineral from which metal is obtained. (adapted from the Oxford Minidictionary, Third Edition) any substance obtained by or used in a chemical process. (adapted from the Oxford Minidictionary, Third Edition) INT 1: IE 32; M-4: 376.1-2; 444.1; water that is suitable for human consumption. (adapted from the Oxford Minidictionary, Third Edition) a white fluid secreted by female mammals as food for their young. (adapted from the Oxford Minidictionary, Third Edition) a mineral from which aluminum is obtained. (adapted from the Oxford Minidictionary, Third Edition) a solid substance obtained after gas and tar have been extracted from coal, used as a fuel. (adapted from the Oxford Minidictionary, Third Edition) an oblong lump of cast iron metal. (adapted from the Oxford Minidictionary, Third Edition) sodium chloride obtained from mines or by the evaporation of sea water. (adapted from the Oxford Minidictionary, Third Edition) tiny grains of crushed or worn rock. (adapted from the Oxford Minidictionary, Third Edition) wood prepared for use in building or carpentry. (adapted from the Oxford Minidictionary, Third Edition) powdery fragments of wood made in sawing timber or coarse chips produced for use in manufacturing pressed board. (adapted from the Oxford Minidictionary, Third Edition) discarded metal suitable for being reprocessed. (adapted from the Oxford Minidictionary, Third Edition) a compressed gas consisting of flammable light hydrocarbons and derived from natural gas. a compressed gas consisting of flammable light hydrocarbons and derived from petroleum. (adapted from Websters Third New) the fermented juice of grapes. (adapted from the Websters New World Dictionary) a substance made of powdered lime and clay, mixed with water. (adapted from the Websters New World Dictionary) a small hard seed, especially that of any cereal plan such as wheat, rice, corn, rye, etc. (adapted from the Websters New World Dictionary) Publication reference 出版物参考 A reference to a nautical publication. The string encodes the reference to a specific paragraph from a nautical publication Quality of sounding measurement 水深测量特性 The attribute 'quality of sounding measurement ' indicates the reliability of the value of sounding. the depth from chart datum to the bottom is a known value. the depth from chart datum to the bottom, or the shoalest depth of the feature is unknown. INT 1: IK 40; M-4: 422.9; a depth that may be less than indicated. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4840) INT 1: II 2; M-4: 417; 424.4; a depth that is considered to be an unreliable value. INT 1: II 14; M-4: 412.4; upon investigation, the bottom was not found at this depth. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4848) INT 1: II 13; M-4: 412.3; the shoalest depth over a feature is of known value. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2705) INT 1: IK 26-27; M-4: 422.3-4; the least depth over a feature is unknown, but there is considered to be safe clearance at this depth. INT 1: IK 30; M-4: 422.7; depth value obtained from a report, but not fully surveyed. INT 1: II 3.1; M-4: 417, 424.5; depth value obtained from a report, which it has not been possible to confirm. INT 1: II 4; the depth at which a channel is kept by human influence, usually by dredging. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3057) INT 1: II 23; M-4: 414.2; depths may be altered by human influence, but will not be routinely maintained. (S-57 Annex A, Appendix A, IHO Object Catalogue) Radar wave length 雷达波长 The distance between two successive peaks (or other points of identical phase) on an electromagnetic wave in the radar band of the electromagnetic spectrum. INT 1: IS 3.1-4; M-4: 486.3-4; the wavelength and the band code character is indicated; In the case where two bands should be encoded, these should be separated by a comma.Unit : m Resolution: 0.01 m The attribute 'radar transponder beacon wavelength' encodes the specific wavelength at which a radar transponder beacon transmits. Radar transponder beacons generally work on the following wavelengths: - 3cm (X) - Band; - 10cm (S) - Band Nevertheless, wavelengths outside the marine band are used. V.VV-B; V.VV-B,V.VV-B; 'VV.VV' encodes the value of wavelength. 'B' encodes the band; each separated by a hyphen ('-') Radius 半径 The vector extending from the centre to the periphery of a circular or spherical object. INT 1: IN 11.2; M-4: not specified. Unit: defined in the HUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the HUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 ft No remarks. xxx.x Recording date 记录日期 The date when the specific object or cartographic primitive was captured, edited or deleted. INT 1: II 22; M-4: 414.1; The recording date should be encoded using 4 digits for the calendar year (CCYY), 2 digits for the month (MM) (e.g. April = 04) and 2 digits for the day (DD), according to ISO 8601: 1988. No remarks. CCYYMMDD (mandatory) Recording indication 记录表示法 The procedure for the encoding and entering of data. country (c2): Two letter code according to ISO 3166 (refer to Annex A to S-57 Appendix A); authority (c2): A string of two alphanumeric characters (refer to Annex A to S-57 Appendix A), e.g. German Bundesamt für Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie = DE; US National Imagery and Mapping Agency = U1; procedure (c4): digitized = digi, scanned = scan, alpha/numeric input = alph c2,c2,c4 (mandatory) Reference year for magnetic variation 磁差参考年份 The reference calendar year for magnetic variation values. INT 1: IB 68.1; 70-71; M-4: 270; the 'reference calendar year for magnetic variation' should be encoded using a 4 digit year-indication (CCYY). CCYY (mandatory) Restriction 限制区 The official legal statue of each kind of restricted area defines the kind of restriction(s), e.g. the restriction for 'a game preserve' may be 'entry prohibited', the restriction for an 'anchoring prohibition' is 'anchoring prohibited'. The complete information about the restriction(s), actually held in handbooks or other publications, may be encoded by the attribute 'TXTDSC'. A short explanation may be given by the use of the attribute 'INFORM'. For RESARE objects, at least one of attributes CATREA or RESTRN must be encoded. an area within which anchoring is not permitted. INT 1: IN 20; M-4: 439.3-4; a specified area designated by appropriate authority, within which anchoring is restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions. an area within which fishing is not permitted. INT 1: IN 21; M-4: 439.3-4; a specified area designated by appropriate authority, within which fishing is restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions. an area within which trawling is not permitted. a specified area designated by appropriate authority, within which trawling is restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions. an area within which navigation and/or anchoring is prohibited. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4044) INT 1: IN 2.2; M-4: 439.3; a specified area designated by appropriate authority, within which navigation is restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4366) an area within which dredging is not permitted. a specified area designated by appropriate authority, within which dredging is restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions. an area within which diving is not permitted. a specified area designated by appropriate authority, within which diving is restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions. mariners must adjust the speed of their vessels to reduce the wave or wash which may cause erosion or disturb moored vessels. an IMO designated area to be avoided, defined as a routing measure. (adapted from IHO Chart Specifications, M-4, 435.7) the erection of permanent or temporary fixed structures or artificial islands is prohibited. an area within which discharging or dumping is prohibited. a specified area designated by appropriate authority, within which discharging or dumping is restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions. an area within which industrial or mineral exploration and development are prohibited. a specified area designated by appropriate authority, within which industrial or mineral exploration and development is restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions. an area within which excavating a hole on the sea-bottom with a drill is prohibited. a specified area designated by appropriate authority, within which excavating a hole on the sea-bottom with a drill is restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions. an area within which the removal of historical artifacts is prohibited. an area in which cargo transhipment (lightering) is prohibited. an area in which the dragging of anything along the bottom, e.g. bottom trawling, is prohibited. an area in which a vessel is prohibited from stopping. an area in which landing is prohibited. an area within which speed is restricted. Scale maximum 最大比例尺 The maximum scale at which the object may be used e.g. for ECDIS presentation. the modulus of the scale is indicated, that is 1:25 000 is encoded as 25000; Unit: none; Resolution: 1 No remarks. xxxxxxxx Scale minimum 最小比例尺 The minimum scale at which the object may be used e.g. for ECDIS presentation. the modulus of the scale is indicated, that is 1:1 250 000 is encoded as 1250000; Unit: none; Resolution: 1 No remarks. xxxxxxxx Scale value one 比例值1 The largest scale for the range of survey scale as used in source diagram information. the modulus of the scale is indicated, that is 1:25 000 is encoded as 25000. Unit: none; Resolution: 1 No remarks. xxxxxxxx Scale value two 比例值2 The smallest scale for the range of survey scale as used in source diagram information. the modulus of the scale is indicated, that is 1:25 000 is encoded as 25000. Unit: none; Resolution: 1 No remarks. xxxxxxxx Sector limit one 扇形界限1 A sector is the part of a circle between two straight lines drawn from the centre to the circumference. (Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 2nd Edition) Sector limit 1 specifies the first limit of the sector. The order of sector limit 1 and sector limit 2 is clockwise around the central object (e.g. a light) INT 1: IP 40; M-4: 475; 475.1; Unit: degree (°); Resolution: 0.01 degree The values given to the common limits of adjacent sectors should be identical. The orientation of bearing is from seaward to the central object. This conforms with the method used in 'List of Lights' publications. A generic term such as 'to shore' cannot be used; a specific bearing must be encoded. Where a light sector limit is defined as 'to the shore', it should be encoded using a value that ensures that, when the limit is drawn, it will fall entirely on land. Must be encoded for LIGHTS objects that are sector lights. xxx.xx Sector limit two 扇形界限2 A sector is the part of a circle between two straight lines drawn from the centre to the circumference. (Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 2nd Edition) The sector limit 2 specifies the second limit of the sector. The order of sector limit 1 and sector limit 2 is clockwise around the central object (e.g. a light) INT 1: IP 40; M-4: 475; 475.1; Unit: degree (°); Resolution: 0.01 degree The values given to the common limits of adjacent sectors should be identical. The orientation of bearing is from seaward to the central object. This to the method used in 'List of Lights' publications. A generic term such as 'to shore' cannot be used; a specific bearing must be encoded. Where a light sector limit is defined as 'to the shore', it should be encoded using a value that ensures that, when the limit is drawn, it will fall entirely on land. Must be encoded for LIGHTS objects that are sector lights. xxx.xx Shift parameters 偏移参数 Latitude and longitude offsets required to shift a position from one geodetic datum to another. Lat: Shift parameter in latitude from the specified h orizontal datum to the horizontal datum of the data. Unit: minutes ('), negative south. Resolution: 0.001 minute; Lon: Shift parameter in longitude from the specified horizontal datum to the horizontal datum of the data. Unit: Resolution minutes ('), negative west. Resolution: 0.001 minute All necessary information for conversion of geographic coordinates from most of the Geodetic Datums in the above list to WGS-84 is contained in the "User's Handbook on Datum Transformations involving WGS-84", prepared by the US Defense Mapping Agency and which is available from the IHB as IHO Publication S-60 (English and French Versions), along with an associated standard datum transformation software on floppy disk called "MADTRAN". The resulting latitude and longitude offsets can be encoded in the attribute SHIPAM. Additional information on the transformation as indicated in IHO Publication S-60, e.g. TOY-M (Mean Solution), TOY-A (Japan), TOY-B (South Korea) or TOY-C (Okinawa) in relation to Tokyo Datum, may be encoded in the attribute INFORM or NINFORM. sxx.xxx, syy.yyy; sxx.xxx: lat; syy.yyy: lon; s: sign, negative values only. Signal frequency 信号频率 The frequency of a signal. Unit: Hz; Resolution: 1 Hz Example: 950000000 For a radio signal centred on 950 MHz xxxxxxxxxxxx Signal generation 信号生成 The attribute 'signal generation' encodes the mechanism used to generate a fog signal. signal generation is initiated by a self regulating mechanism such as a timer or light sensor. the signal is generated by the motion of the sea surface such as a bell in a buoy. INT 1: IR 21-22; M-4: 454.1-2; the signal is generated by a manually operated mechanism such as a hand cranked siren. the signal is generated by the motion of air as a wind driven whistel. Signal group 信号组 The number of signals, the combination of signals or the morse character(s) within one period of full sequence. INT 1: IP 10.2-9; IR 20, 22; M-4: 453; 453.1-4; 471.2; The signal group of a light is encoded using brackets to separate the individual groups. A group of signals may be a single number, a chain of numbers separated by "+", a sequence of up to 4 letters or a letter and a number. A fixed light has no signal group. Where no specific signal group is given for one of the light characteristics, this should be shown by an empty pair of brackets. Must be encoded for all LIGHTS objects, that are not fixed lights. (c)(c)... Signal period 信号周期 The time occupied by an entire cycle of intervals of light and eclipse. INT 1: IP 12; IR 20, 22; M-4: 453.4; 471.5; Unit: second (s; Resolution: 0.01 s No remarks. Must be encoded for all LIGHTS objects, that are not fixed lights. xx.xx Signal sequence 信号时序 The sequence of times occupied by intervals of light and eclipse for all 'light characteristics' except for occulting where the sequence of times is occupied by intervals of eclipse and light. Unit: second (s; Resolution: 0.01 s The 'signal sequence' for all 'light characteristics' except for occulting is indicated using a fixed format to encode the value of intervals of light (L) and eclipse (E). LL.L + (EE.E); (EE.E)+LL.L Sounding accuracy 测深精度 The best estimate of the accuracy of the sounding data. Unit: defined in the DUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the DUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 fm or 0.1 ft No remarks. xx.x Sounding distance - maximum 最大测深间距 The maximum spacing of the principal sounding lines of a survey. Unit: defined in the HUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the HUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 1 m or 1 ft No remarks. xxxx Sounding distance - minimum 最小测深间距 The minimum spacing of the principal sounding lines of a survey. Unit: defined in the HUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the HUNITS attribu te of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 1 m or 1 ft No remarks. xxxx Source date 数据来源日期 The production date of the source, e.g. the date of measurement. The source should be encoded using 4 digits for the calendar year (CCYY), 2 digits for the months (MM) and 2 digits for the Day (DD), according to ISO 8601: 1988. No remarks. CCYYMMDD (mandatory) Source indication 数据来源表示 Information about the source of the object. Country (c2): (mandatory); Two letter code from ISO 3166 (refer to Annex A to S-57 Appendix A); Authority (c2): (mandatory); A string of two alphanumeric characters (refer to Annex A to S-57 Appendix A), e.g. German Bundesamt für Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie = DE; US National Imagery and Mapping Agency = U1. Source (c5): Graphic e.g. plotting sheet, paper chart = graph Report e.g. wreck report = reprt; ID-Code (c...): e.g. Code of paper chart c2,c2,c5,c... Status 状况 No remarks. intended to last or function indefinitely. (The Concise Oxford Dictionary, 7th Edition) acting on special occasions; happening irregularly. (The Concise Oxford Dictionary, 7th Edition) INT 1: IP 50; M-4: 473.2; presented as worthy of confidence, acceptence, use, etc. (The Macquarie Dictionary, 1988) INT 1: IN 10; M-4: 431.1; no longer used for the purposes intended; disused. INT 1: IL 14, 44; M-4: 444.7;; recurring at intervals. (The Concise Oxford Dictionary, 7th Edition) INT 1: IC 21; IQ 71; M-4: 353.3; 460.5; set apart for some specific use. (adapted from The Concise Oxford Dictionary, 7th Edition) INT 1: IN 12.9; meant to last only for a time. (The Concise Oxford Dictionary) INT 1: IP 54; not in public ownership or operation. INT 1: IQ 70; compulsory; enforced. (The Concise Oxford Dictionary, 7th Edition) no longer lit. lit by floodlights, strip lights, etc. famous in history; of historical interest. (The Concise Oxford Dictionary, 7th Edition) belonging to, available to, used or shared by, the community as a whole and not restricted to private use. (adapted from The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) occur at a time, coincide in point of time, be contemporary or simultaneous. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) looked at or observed over a period of time especially so as to be aware of any movement or change. (adapted from The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993) usually automatic in operation, without any permanently-stationed personnel to superintend it. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2814) an object that has been reported but has not been definitely determined to exist. Survey authority 测量机构 The authority which was responsible for the survey. The attribute 'survey authority' encodes the name of the source survey authority. Survey date - end 测量结束日期 The end date of the survey. The 'survey date, end' should be encoded using 4 digits for the calendar year (CCYY), 2 digits for the month (MM) (e.g. April = 04) and 2 digits for the day (DD). When no specific month and/or day is required/known, indication of the month and/or the day is omitted. This conforms to ISO 8601: 1988. No remarks. CCYYMMDD (full date, mandatory);CCYYMM (no specific day required, mandatory); CCYY (no specific month required, mandatory) Survey date - start 测量开始日期 The start date of the survey. The 'survey date, start' should be encoded using 4 digits for the calendar year (CCYY), 2 digits for the month (MM) (e.g. April = 04) and 2 digits for the day (DD). When no specific month and/or day is required/known, indication of the month and/or the day is omitted. This conforms to ISO8601: 1988. No remarks. CCYYMMDD (full date, mandatory);CCYYMM (no specific day required, mandatory); CCYY (no specific month required, mandatory) Survey type 测量类型 No remarks. a survey made to a lower degree of accuracy and detail than the chosen scale would normally indicate. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5219) a thorough survey usually conducted with reference to guidelines. a survey principally aimed at the investigation of underwater obstructions and dangers. a survey where soundings are acquired by vessels on passage. a survey where features have been positioned and delimited using remote sensing techniques. Symbol scaling factor 符号缩放系数 a scaling factor relative to the standard symbol size. Unit: none; Resolution: 0.1 No remarks. x.x Symbolization code 符号代码 No remarks. Technique of sounding measurement 水深测量技术 No remarks. the depth was determined by using an instrument that determines depth of water by measuring the time interval between emission of a sonic or ultrasonic signal and return of its echo from the bottom. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 1547) the depth was computed from a record produced by active sonar in which fixed acoustic beams are directed into the water perpendicularly to the direction of travel to scan the bottom and generate a record of the bottom configuration. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 4710) the depth was determined by using a wide swath echo sounder that uses multiple beams to measure depths directly below and transverse to the ship's track. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 3339) the depth was determined by a person skilled in the practice of diving. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 1422) the depth was determined by using a line, graduated with attached marks and fastened to a sounding lead. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 2698) the given area was determined to be free from navigational dangers to a certain depth by towing a buoyed wire at the desired epth by two launches, or a least depth was identified using the same technique. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5248, 6013) INT 1: II 24; IK 2,27, 42; M-4: 415; 422.3-4; 422.9; the depth was determined by using an instrument that measures distance by emitting timed pulses of laser light and measuring the time between emission and reception of the reflected pulses. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 2763) the given area has been swept using a system comprised of multiple echo sounder transducers attached to booms deployed from the survey vessel. the depth was determined by using an instrument that compares electromagnetic signals. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 1571) the depth was determined by applying mathematical techniques to photographs. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 3791) the depth was determined by using instruments placed aboard an artificial satellite. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 4509) the depth was determined by using levelling techniques to find the elevation of the point relative to a datum. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 2741) the given area was determined to be free from navigational dangers to a certain depth by towing a side-scan-sonar. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5248, 4710) [415.2] the sounding was determined from a bottom model constructed using a computer. Text String 文本串 No remarks. Textual description 正文描述 the string encodes the file name of an external text file that contains the text in English. The attribute 'textual description' indicates whether a text file containing text extracted from, for example, relevant pilot books or navigational publications is available For CTNARE and PRCARE objects, at least one of attributes INFORM or TXTDSC must be encoded. For S-57 Edition 3.1.1 ARCSLN, ASLXIS and NEWOBJ objects, and RESARE objects with CATREA=27 or 28, at least one of attributes INFORM or TXTDSC must be encoded. Tidal stream - panel values 潮流通告版值 The direction in degrees and velocity in knots are encoded in pairs. Each value separated by a comma. The attribute 'Tidal stream - panel values' encodes the identification of the reference station with reference water level and the direction of the flow and the springs rate from 6 hours before to 6 hours after high water (HW) or low water (LW) at the reference station, at hourly intervals. The relationship to a reference station is encoded using a collection object. Tide stream - time series values 潮流时序值 The direction in degrees and velocity in knots are encoded in pairs. Each value separated by a comma. The attribute 'Tidal stream, current - time series values ' encodes values for a direction and velocity time series. Tidal - accuracy of water level 潮汐潮位精度 The attribute 'Tide - accuracy of water level ' encodes the accuracy of the water level, to the confidence level of 95%. Tidal - high and low water values 潮汐高低潮值 Dates/times and heights are to be encoded in pairs, each value separated by a comma. The date/time should be encoded using 4 digits for the calendar year (CCYY), 2 digits for the month (MM) (eg April = 04) and 2 digits for the day (DD), separated by a capital T from the hour (hh) and minutes (mm) which should each be encoded using 2 digits. This conforms to ISO 8601: 1988. Seconds should not be used. The height should be given in metres (xx.x) with a resolution of 0.1 metre. The attribute 'tide - high and low water values' encodes information on the times and heights of high and low waters for each day of the duration of the time series. CCYYMMDDThhmm,xx.x,CCYYMMDDThhmm,xx.x Tide - method of Tidal prediction 潮汐预报方法 The attribute 'Tide - method of tidal prediction' encodes the various methods of tidal prediction. prediction of tidal heights by combining a simplified set of harmonic constituents into a single time/height curve. prediction of tidal heights by combining a complete set of harmonic constituents into a single time/height curve. prediction of high and low water times and heights by modification of the high and low water times and heights of a known time/height curve. Tide - time and height differences 潮汐潮时与潮高差 time difference in hours and minutes: ± hhmm (according to ISO 8106: 1988); height difference: metres (preceded with - if negative value); rate difference: knots (preceded with - if negative value) The attribute 'tide - time and height differences' encodes the time and tidal height or tidal stream rate difference comparative to a reference station. The format is the same for tides and tidal streams, with height difference being replaced by rate difference. The relation to a reference station is encoded by the use of a collection object. The attribute is used to contain the identification of the reference station and , encoded in triplets, mean time difference (+ or -), height or rate difference for mean high water or mean high rate (preceded with - if negative value), height or rate difference for mean low water or mean low rate (preceded with - if negative value), each value separated by a comma. Tidal - time interval of values 潮汐时间间隔值 Unit: minutes; Resolution: The attribute 'Tide, current - time interval of values ' encodes the interval between the values in any time series, e.g. tidal, current or other data. xxx Tide - time series values 潮汐时序值 the height above or below (-ve) datum. Each value separated by a comma. The attribute 'tide - time series values' encodes the values of a time series. Value of harmonic constituents 潮汐调和分潮值 Harmonic constituents are the harmonic elements in a mathematical expression for the tide producing force and in the corresponding formula for the tidal curve. Each constituent represents a periodic change or variation in the relative positions of the earth, moon and sun. the first is the number of columns (C, always 2) and the second is the number of rows (R). The next value(s) (C times) indicates the name(s) of the columns, and the next value(s) (R times) indicates the name(s) of the rows (ie constituents). Here after follow the values (C x R times) of amplitude and phase. The attribute 'tide - value of harmonic constituents' contains a 2 dimensional array of harmonic constituents. Time end 终止时间 The 'time end' will consist of a date and a time separated by a capital T. The date should be encoded using 4 digits for the calendar year (CCYY), 2 digits for the month (MM) (e.g. April = 04) and 2 digits for the day (DD). The time should be encoded using 2 digits for the hour (hh), 2 digits for the minutes (mm) and 2 digits for the seconds (ss). This conforms to ISO 8601: 1988. The attribute 'time end' indicates the end of a active period. CCYYMMDDThhmmss (mandatory) Time start 开始时间 The 'time start' will consist of a date and a time separated by a capital T. The date should be encoded using 4 digits for the calendar year (CCYY), 2 digits for the month (MM) (e.g. April = 04) and 2 digits for the day (DD). The time should be encoded using 2 digits for the hour (hh), 2 digits for the minutes (mm) and 2 digits for the seconds (ss). This conforms to ISO 8601: 1988. The attribute 'time start' indicates the start of an active period. CCYYMMDDThhmmss (mandatory) Tint 色调 The attribute 'tint' is used to indicate that a polygon should be filled with a given colour tint. Topmark/daymark shape 顶标、昼标形状 INT 1: IQ 9; M-4: 463.1 (for International Association of Lighthouse Authorities - IALA systems only) No remarks. a solid figure generated by straight lines drawn from a fixed point (the vertex) to a circle in a plane not containing the vertex. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993, vol 2) cones are commonly used as International Association of Lighthouse Authorities -IALA topmarks (lateral). point up is where the vertex points up. a solid figure generated by straight lines drawn from a fixed point (the vertex) to a circle in a plane not containing the vertex. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993, vol 2) cones are commonly used as International Association of Lighthouse Authorities -IALA topmarks (lateral). point up is where the vertex points down. a body the surface of which is at all points equidistant from the centre. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993. vol 2). Spheres are commonly used as International Association of Lighthouse Authorities - IALA topmarks (safe water). two black spheres are commonly used as an International Association of Lighthouse Authorities - IALA topmark (isolated danger). a solid geometrical figure generated by straight lines fixed in direction and describing with one of point a closed curve, especially a circle (in which case the figure is a circular cylinder, it's ends being parallel circles). (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 1993. vol 2). cylinders are commonly used as an International Association of Lighthouse Authorities - IALA topmarks (lateral). usually of rectangular shape made from timber or metal and used to provide a contrast with the natural background of a daymark. The actual daymark is often painted on the board. having a shape or a cross-section like the capital letter X. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 1993. vol 2). an x-shapeas an International Association of Lighthouse Authorities - IALA topmark should be 3 dimensional in shape. It is made of at least three crossed bars. a cross with one vertical member and one horizontal member, i.e. similar in shape to the character '+'. a solid contained by six equal squares; a regular hexahedron (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 1993. vol 2). cube, point up is a cube standing on one of its vertexes. 2 cones, one above the other, with their vertices together in the centre. 2 cones, one above the other, with their bases together in the centre and their vertices pointing up and down. a plane figure having four equal sides and equal opposite angles (two acute and two obtuse); an oblique equilateral parallelogram. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 1993. vol 2) a bundle of rods or twigs. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 1993. vol 1.) a bundle of rods or twigs. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 1993. vol 1.) a flag mounted on a short pole. a sphere located above a rhombus. a plane figure with four right angles and four equal straight sides. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 1993. vol 2) a plane figure with four right angles and four straight sides, opposite sides being parallel and equal in length with the two longer opposite sides are standing horizontally. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 1993. vol 2) a plane figure with four right angles and four straight sides, opposite sides being parallel and equal in length with the two longer opposite sides are standing vertically. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 1993. vol 2) a quadrilateral having one pair of opposite sides parallel. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 1993. vol 2), which stands on its longer parallel side. a quadrilateral having one pair of opposite sides parallel. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 1993. vol 2), which stands on its shorter parallel side. a figure having three angles and three sides. (New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 1993. vol 2) a figure having three angles and three sides. (New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 1993. vol 2) a perfectly round plane figure whose circumference is everywhere equidistant from its centre. (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 1993. vol 1) two upright crosses, generally vertically disposed one above the other. having a shape like the capital letter T. a triangle, vertex uppermost, located above a circle. an upright cross located above a circle. a rhombus located above a circle. a circle located over a triangle, vertex uppermost. Traffic flow 交通流 INT 1: IM 40; M-4: 488; No remarks. traffic flow in a general direction towards a port or similar destination. traffic flow in a general direction away from a port or similar point of origin. traffic flow in one general direction only. traffic flow in two generally opposite directions. Value of annual change in magnetic variation 磁差年变率 The annual change in magnetic variation values. INT 1: IB 68.1; 71; M-4: 272.1; Unit: minute ('), negative west; Resolution: 0.1' A positive value, i.e. unsigned, indicates a change in an easterly direction and a negative value indicates a change in a westerly direction. Distinction: value of magnetic variation; sxx.x; s: sign, negative values only Value of depth contour 等深线值 The depth of a sea bottom contour. INT 1: II 30; M-4: 410; 411; Unit: defined in the DUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the DUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 fm or 0.1 ft Drying contours are indicated by a negative value. sxxxxx.x; s: sign, negative values only. Value of local magnetic anomaly 局部磁力异常值 The value of the deviation from the normal magnetic variation. INT 1: IB 82.1-2; M-4: 274; Unit: minute ('); Resolution: 0.1' The deviation is assumed to be positive and negative. The plus/minus character shall not be encoded. xxx.x Value of magnetic variation 磁差值 The magnetic variation value. INT 1: IB 68.1; 71; M-4: 272.1; Unit: degree (°), negative west. Resolution: 0.01 degree A positive value, i.e. unsigned, indicates variation in an easterly direction and a negative value indicates variation in a westerly direction. Distinction: value of annual change in magnetic variation; sxx.xx s: sign, negative values only. Value of maximum range 最大作用距离 The extreme distance at which an object can be seen or a signal detected. INT 1: not specified; M-4: not specified; Unit: nautical mile (M); Resolution: 0.1 M This attribute does not apply to lights where the attribute 'value of nominal range' should be used. xx.x Value of nominal range 标定作用距离 The nominal range at which an object can be seen or a signal detected. INT 1: IB 45; IP 14; M-4: 451.1; 471.7; Unit: nautical mile (M); Resolution: 0.1 M The nominal range is normally the luminous range of a light in a homogeneous atmosphere in which the meteorological visibility is 10 sea miles. (IHO Hydrographic Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 4218) xx.x Value of sounding 水深值 The value of the measurement of a sounding relative to the chart datum. INT 1: II 10, 11, 14, 15; M-4: 410; 412; 413.1; Unit: defined in the DUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the DUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 fm or 0.1 ft A drying height is indicated by a negative value. sxxxxx.xx; s: sign, negative values only. Examples: 18.2 for a sounding of 18.2 metres. -2.4 for a drying height of 2.4 metres. Must be encoded for all MARCUL objects if they are under water. For WRECKS objects, at least one of attributes CATWRK or VALSOU must be encoded. Vertical accuracy 垂直精度 The best estimate of the vertical accuracy of heights, vertical distances and vertical clearances, excluding sounding measurements. Unit: defined in the HUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the HUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 ft No remarks. xx.x Vertical clearance 竖向净空 The vertical clearance measured from the plane towards the object overhead. INT 1: ID 25-28; M-4: 380; 380.1; 382; 383; Unit: defined in the HUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the HUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 ft In the case of cables carrying high voltages an additional clearance of from 2 to 5 metres may be needed to avoid an electrical discharge. When known, the authorized safe clearance (known in the UK as the Safe Overhead Clearance) which is the physical clearance minus a safety margin shall be stated. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4). See also 'vertical clearance safe Must be encoded for BRIDGE objects over navigable water that are non-opening. Must be encoded for CBLOHD objects over navigable water if attribute VERCSA is not known. Must be encoded for CONVYR objects over navigable water. Must be encoded for PIPOHD objects over navigable water. xx.x Vertical clearance, closed 封闭竖向净空 The vertical clearance of an object in closed condition (e.g. a closed lifting bridge) measured from the plane towards the object overhead. INT 1: ID 23.3; M-4: 380; 380.1; 381.3; Unit: defined in the HUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the HUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 ft No remarks. Must be encoded for BRIDGE objects over navigable water that are opening. xx.x Vertical clearance, open 开启竖向净空 The vertical clearance of an object in opened condition (e.g.. an opened lifting bridge) measured from the plane towards the object overhead. INT 1: ID 23.3; M-4: 380; 380.2; 381.3; Unit: defined in the HUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the HUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 ft No remarks. Must be encoded for BRIDGE objects over navigable water that are opening, with limited clearance when open. xx.x Vertical clearance, safe 安全竖向净空 The safe vertical clearance measured from the plane towards the object overhead. INT 1: ID 26; M-4: 382.1; Unit: defined in the HUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the HUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 ft In the case of cables carrying high voltages, the quoted vertical clearance (VERCLR) may have to be reduced by 2-5m to avoid electrical discharge. When known, this authorized safe clearance (known in the UK as the Safe Overhead Clearance) which is the physical clearance minus a safety margin shall, be stated. (IHO Chart Specifications, M-4). See also 'Vertical Clearance'. Must be encoded for CBLOHD objects over navigable water, or if this is unknown, encode attribute VERCLR. xx.x Vertical datum 垂直基准面 This attribute is used to specify the datum to which both heights (vertical datum, see S-57 Part 3) and soundings (sounding datum, see S-57 Part 3) are referred. When the vertical datum is unknown, such as water areas above locks, the value 'local datum' is to be used, and further details may be encoded using 'INFORM'. The 0.3m approximation quoted in the Aapproximate levels is somehow arbitrary and follows the British example of their definition for Aapproximate LAT. Vertical Datum is not applicable (MLWS) - the average height of the low waters of spring tides. Also called spring low water. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3150) (MLLWS) - the average height of lower low water springs at a place. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3146) (MSL) - the average height of the surface of the sea at a tide station for all stages of the tide over a 19-year period, usually determined from hourly height readings measured from a fixed predetermined reference level. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3156) an arbitrary level conforming to the lowest tide observed at a place, or some what lower. (MLW) - the average height of all low waters at a place over a 19-year period. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3147) an arbitrary level conforming to the lowest water level observed at a place at spring tides during a period of time shorter than 19 years. (Hydrographic Service, Royal Australian Navy) an arbitrary level, usually within +-0.3m from that of mean low water springs (MLWS). (Hydrographic Service, Royal Australian Navy) (ISLW) - an arbitrary tidal datum approximating the level of the mean of the lower low water at spring tides. Also called Indian tidal plane. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2427) A tidal datum approximating the lowest water level observed at a place, originated by G.H. Darwin for the tides of India at a level below MSL being equal to the sum of amplitudes of the harmonic constituents M2, S2, K1, and O1; usually below that of the lower low water at spring tides. Also called Indian tide plane. (Hydrographic Service, Royal Australian Navy). an arbitrary level, approximating that of mean low water springs (MLWS). (Hydrographic Service, Royal Australian Navy) an arbitrary level, usually within +-0.3m from that of lowest astronomical tide (LAT). (Hydrographic Service, Royal Australian Navy) an arbitrary level approximating the lowest water level observed at a place, usually equivalent to the Indian spring low water (ISLW). (Hydrographic Service, Royal Australian Navy) (MLLW) - the average height of the lower low waters at a place over a 19-year period. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3145) an approximation of mean low water adopted as the reference level for a limited area, irrespective of better determinations at a later date. Used mostly in harbour and river engineering. Used in inland (non-tidal) waters. It is generally defined as a level which the daily mean water level would fall below less than 5% of the time and by no more than 0.2 metres during the navigation season. A single level surface is usually chosen as the low water datum for a whole lake. On a river, low water datum is a sloping surface which approximates the river surface at a low state. (Canadian Hydrographic Service) an arbitrary level, usually within +-0.3m from that of mean low water (MLW). (Hydrographic Service, Royal Australian Navy) an arbitrary level, usually within +-0.3m from that of mean lower low water (MLLW). (Hydrographic Service, Royal Australian Navy) (MHW) - the average height of all high waters at a place over a 19-year period. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3141) (MHWS) - the average height of the high waters of spring tides. Also called spring high water. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3144) the highest level reached at a place by the water surface in one tidal cycle. Also called high tide. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2251). when used on inland (non-tidal) waters, it is generally defined as a level which the daily mean water level exceeds less than 5% of the time. an arbitrary level, usually within +-0.3m from that of mean sea level (MSL). (Hydrographic Service, Royal Australian Navy) an arbitrary level, approximating that of mean high water springs (MHWS). (Hydrographic Service, Royal Australian Navy) (MHHW) - the average height of higher high waters at a place over a 19-year period. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 3140) the level of low water springs near the time of an equinox. (LAT) - the lowest tide level which can be predicted to occur under average meterological conditions and under any combination of astronomical conditions. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2936) an arbitrary datum defined by a local harbour authority, from which levels and tidal heights are measured by this authority. (IGLD 1985) - a vertical reference system with its zero based on the mean water level at Rimouski/Pointe-au-Pere, Quebec over the period 1970 to 1988. the average of all hourly water levels over the available period of record. (LLWLT) - the average of the lowest low waters, one from each of 19 years of observations. (HHWLT) - the average of the highest high waters, one from each of 19 years of observations. an arbitrary level approximating the highest water level observed at a place, usually equivalent to the high water springs. the highest tidal level which can be predicted to occur under average meteorological conditions and under any combination of astronomical conditions. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 2244). Vertical Datum is not applicable Vertical length 垂直高度 The total vertical length of an object. INT 1: IE 5; IL 21.3; M-4: 303; Unit: defined in the HUNI subfield of the DSPM record or in the HUNITS attribute of the M_UNIT meta object class, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 ft For floating objects: the vertical distance from the surface of water to the highest point of that object. For fixed objects: the vertical dist ance from seabed or ground to the highest point of that object. For objects on top of other objects: the vertical distance from the lowest to the highest point of that object. Vertical length measurements do not require a datum. xxx.x Water level effect 水位效应 The attribute 'water level effect' encodes the effect of the surrounding water on an object. Must be encoded for all MARCUL objects if they are under water. partially covered and partially dry at high water. INT 1: IF 33.2; M-4: 378.1; not covered at high water under average meteorological conditions. INT 1: IF 6.1; IK 10; M-4: 313.4; remains covered by water at all times under average meteorological conditions. INT 1: IF 6.3; IK 13; M-4: 421.4; expression intended to indicate an area of a reef or other projection from the bottom of a body of water which periodically extends above and is submerged below the surface. Also referred to as dries or uncovers. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 1111) INT 1: IF 6.2; IK 11; M-4: 421.2; flush with, or washed by the waves at low water under average meteorological conditions. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 308) INT 1: IK 12; M-4: 421.3; an area periodically covered by flood water, excluding tidal waters. (Digital Geographic Information Standard - DIGEST 1.2) resting or moving on the surface of a liquid without sinking (Concise Oxford Dictionary). Category of Tidal stream 潮流类 INT 1: IH 40; IH 41; M-4: 407.4; 407.4; No remarks. the horizontal movement of water associated with the rising tide. Flood streams generally set towards the shore, or in the direction of the tide progression. Also called flood, flood current or ingoing stream. (Adapted from IHO Dictioanry, S-32, 5th Edition) INT 1: IH 40; M-4: 407.4; the horizontal movement of water associated with falling tide. Ebb streams generally set seaward, or in the opposite direction to the tide progression. Also called ebb, ebb current or outgoing stream. (Adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition) INT 1: IH 41; M-4: 407.4; any other horizontal movement of water associated with tides, eg. rotary flow. Positional accuracy units 位置精度单位 This attribute encodes the units for positional accuracy which may be different from the unit for coordinates. The latter is specified at the dataset level in the COUN subfield of the DSPM record. Positional accuracy is specified in metres (SI units of positional accuracy). Positional accuracy is specified in degrees of arc. Positional accuracy is specified in millimeters. Positional accuracy is specified in feet (imperial units of positional accuracy). a unit of distance originally equal to the length of a ship's anchor cable, but now generally considered to be about 600 feet. In the British Navy it is 608 feet, or exactly one-tenth of a nautical mile. In the United States Navy it is 720 feet but is infrequently used. Sometimes called cable length. (IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 589). Object Class Definition 物标定义 Specifies the defining characteristics of a ‘new object’. Identical definitions must be used for other instances of identical features being encoded. The wording for the attribute CLSDEF must be approved by TSMAD before use. Object Class Name 物标名称 Specifies the descriptive name of a ‘new object’ feature object class. All ‘new objects’ of the same class must share the same CLSNAM. The wording for the attribute CLSNAM must be approved by TSMAD before use. Symbol Instruction 物标名称 This specifies the S-52 Presentation Library symbol instruction to be adopted in ECDIS for the new object class (as specified in the S-52 Symbol Library - Addendum to S-52 Presentation Library). The string for the attribute SYMINS must be approved by CSMWG and TSMAD before use. Point, simple and complex lines, area or text symbol instructions may be specified. If SYMINS is not populated, a default symbol is provided. Symbol instructions are explained in the Presentation Library Users’ Manual, Part A, sections 3.3 and 7 "DESCRIPTION OF THE SYMBOLOGY INSTRUCTIONS". Note that the separator between two instructions is the character ';' (semi-colon). SYMINS = "SY(CHINFO11);LS(DASH,2,CHMGD)" Information in national language 用国家语言表示的信息 INT 1: IA 16; M-4: 242.3-5; Text (c...): Textual information in national language characters The attribute 'information in national language' encodes any textual information about an object using a specified national language. This attribute should be used, for example, to hold the information that is shown on paper charts by cautionary and explanatory notes. up to 300 characters may be included in this string. Object name in national language 用国家语言表示的物标名称 INT 1: ID 7; IF 19; IN 12.2-3; M-4: 371; 323.1-2; 431.2-3; 431.5; Name of object (c...):string of national language characters The attribute 'object name in national language' encodes the individual name of an object in the specified national language. c... Pilot district in national character set 用国家语言表示的引航区 INT 1: IT 1.2; M-4: 491.1-2; Pilot district (c...):string of national language characters The attribute 'pilot district in national language' encodes the pilot district for which a pilot station is responsible in the specified national language. c... Text string in national language 用国家语言表示的文本串 No remarks. Textual description in national language 用国家语言表示的正文 the string encodes the file name of an external text file that contains the text in a national language. The attribute 'textual descrition in national language' indicates whether a text file containing text extracted from, for example, relevant pilot books or navigational publications is available. Horizontal datum 水平基准面 INT 1: IS 50; M-4: not specified; All necessary information for conversion of geographic coordinates from most of the Geodetic Datums in the above list to WGS-84 is contained in the "User's Handbook on Datum Transformations involving WGS-84", prepared by the US Defense Mapping Agency and which is available from the IHB as IHO Publication S-60 (English and French Versions), along with an associated standard datum transformation software on floppy disk called "MADTRAN". The resulting latitude and longitude offsets can be encoded in the attribute SHIPAM. Positional accuracy 位置精度 Unit: defined in the PUNI subfield of the DSPM record, e.g. metre (m); Resolution: 0.1 m or 0.1 mm No remarks. xxxx.x Quality of position 位置性质 No remarks. the position(s) was(were) determined by the operation of making measurements for determining the relative position of points on, above or beneath the earth's surface. Survey implies a regular, controlled survey of any date. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5195 and IHO Chart Specifications, M-4, 175.2) INT 1: IC 1; M-4: 310.1; survey data does not exist or is very poor. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5732) INT 1: IC 2; II 25; M-4: 311; 410; position data is of a very poor quality. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5732) INT 1: II 25; M-4: 410; a position that is considered to be less than third-order accuracy, but is generally considered to be within 30.5 metres of its correct geographic location. Also may apply to an object whose position does not remain fixed. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 213, 3967, and IHO Specifications, M-4, 424.1) INT 1: IB 7, 33; IC 12; II 31; M-4: 305.1; 351.4; 411.2; an object whose position has been reported but which is considered to be doubtful. INT 1: II 1; M-4: 424.3; an object's position obtained from questionable or unreliable data. an object whose position has been reported and its position confirmed by some means other than a formal survey such as an independent report of the same object. an object whose position has been reported and its position has not been confirmed. INT 1: II 3.1-2, 4; the most probably position of an object determined from incomplete data or data of questionable accuracy. (adapted from IHO Dictionary, S-32, 3960) a position that is of a known value, such as the position of an anchor berth or other defined object. a position that is computed from data.