@mixin scale($ratio) {
  -webkit-transform: scale($ratio);
     -moz-transform: scale($ratio);
      -ms-transform: scale($ratio); // IE9 only
       -o-transform: scale($ratio);
          transform: scale($ratio);
}

@mixin scale($ratioX, $ratioY) {
  -webkit-transform: scale($ratioX, $ratioY);
      -ms-transform: scale($ratioX, $ratioY); // IE9 only
       -o-transform: scale($ratioX, $ratioY);
          transform: scale($ratioX, $ratioY);
}

@mixin scaleX($ratio) {
  -webkit-transform: scaleX($ratio);
      -ms-transform: scaleX($ratio); // IE9 only
       -o-transform: scaleX($ratio);
          transform: scaleX($ratio);
}

@mixin scaleY($ratio) {
  -webkit-transform: scaleY($ratio);
      -ms-transform: scaleY($ratio); // IE9 only
       -o-transform: scaleY($ratio);
          transform: scaleY($ratio);
}

@mixin skew($x, $y) {
  -webkit-transform: skewX($x) skewY($y);
     -moz-transform: skewX($x) skewY($y);
      -ms-transform: skewX($x) skewY($y); // See https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/4885; IE9+
       -o-transform: skewX($x) skewY($y);
          transform: skewX($x) skewY($y);
}

@mixin translate($x, $y: 0) {
  -webkit-transform: translate($x, $y);
     -moz-transform: translate($x, $y);
      -ms-transform: translate($x, $y); // IE9 only
       -o-transform: translate($x, $y);
          transform: translate($x, $y);
}

@mixin translate3d($x, $y: 0, $z: 0) {
  -webkit-transform: translate3d($x, $y, $z);
     -moz-transform: translate3d($x, $y, $z);
      -ms-transform: translate3d($x, $y, $z);
       -o-transform: translate3d($x, $y, $z);
          transform: translate3d($x, $y, $z);
}

@mixin rotate($degrees) {
  -webkit-transform: rotate($degrees);
     -moz-transform: rotate($degrees);
      -ms-transform: rotate($degrees); // IE9 only
       -o-transform: rotate($degrees);
          transform: rotate($degrees);
}

@mixin rotateX($degrees) {
  -webkit-transform: rotateX($degrees);
      -ms-transform: rotateX($degrees); // IE9 only
       -o-transform: rotateX($degrees);
          transform: rotateX($degrees);
}

@mixin rotateY($degrees) {
  -webkit-transform: rotateY($degrees);
      -ms-transform: rotateY($degrees); // IE9 only
       -o-transform: rotateY($degrees);
          transform: rotateY($degrees);
}

@mixin perspective($perspective: 1000) {
  -webkit-perspective: $perspective;
     -moz-perspective: $perspective;
      -ms-perspective: $perspective;
          perspective: $perspective;
}

@mixin perspective-origin($perspective) {
  -webkit-perspective-origin: $perspective;
     -moz-perspective-origin: $perspective;
          perspective-origin: $perspective;
}

@mixin transform-origin($origin) {
  -webkit-transform-origin: $origin;
     -moz-transform-origin: $origin;
      -ms-transform-origin: $origin; // IE9 only
       -o-transform-origin: $origin;
          transform-origin: $origin;
}

@mixin transform($webkit-string, $moz-string, $ms-string, $o-string, $string) {
	-webkit-transform:   $webkit-string;
	   -moz-transform: 	 $moz-string;
	    -ms-transform: 	 $ms-string;
	     -o-transform: 	 $o-string;
          transform: 	 $string;
}