# Email Workers API Reference

Complete API reference for Cloudflare Email Workers runtime.

## ForwardableEmailMessage Interface

The main interface passed to email handlers.

```typescript
interface ForwardableEmailMessage {
  readonly from: string // Envelope MAIL FROM (SMTP sender)
  readonly to: string // Envelope RCPT TO (SMTP recipient)
  readonly headers: Headers // Web-standard Headers object
  readonly raw: ReadableStream // Raw MIME message (single-use stream)
  readonly rawSize: number // Total message size in bytes

  setReject(reason: string): void
  forward(rcptTo: string, headers?: Headers): Promise<void>
  reply(message: EmailMessage): Promise<void>
}
```

### Properties

| Property  | Type           | Description                                         |
| --------- | -------------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
| `from`    | string         | Envelope sender (SMTP MAIL FROM) - use for security |
| `to`      | string         | Envelope recipient (SMTP RCPT TO)                   |
| `headers` | Headers        | Message headers (Subject, Message-ID, etc.)         |
| `raw`     | ReadableStream | Raw MIME message (**single-use**, buffer first)     |
| `rawSize` | number         | Message size in bytes                               |

### Methods

#### setReject(reason: string): void

Reject with permanent SMTP 5xx error. Email not delivered, sender may receive bounce.

```typescript
if (blockList.includes(message.from)) {
  message.setReject('Sender blocked')
}
```

#### forward(rcptTo: string, headers?: Headers): Promise<void>

Forward to verified destination. Only `X-*` custom headers allowed.

```typescript
await message.forward('inbox@example.com')

// With custom headers
const h = new Headers()
h.set('X-Processed-By', 'worker')
await message.forward('inbox@example.com', h)
```

#### reply(message: EmailMessage): Promise<void>

Send a reply to the original sender (March 2025 feature).

```typescript
import { EmailMessage } from 'cloudflare:email'
import { createMimeMessage } from 'mimetext'

const msg = createMimeMessage()
msg.setSender({ name: 'Support', addr: 'support@example.com' })
msg.setRecipient(message.from)
msg.setSubject(`Re: ${message.headers.get('Subject')}`)
msg.setHeader('In-Reply-To', message.headers.get('Message-ID'))
msg.setHeader('References', message.headers.get('References') || '')
msg.addMessage({
  contentType: 'text/plain',
  data: 'Thank you for your message.',
})

await message.reply(new EmailMessage('support@example.com', message.from, msg.asRaw()))
```

**Requirements**:

- Incoming email needs valid DMARC
- Reply once per event, recipient = `message.from`
- Sender domain = receiving domain, with DMARC/SPF/DKIM
- Max 100 `References` entries
- Threading: `In-Reply-To` (original Message-ID), `References`, new `Message-ID`

## EmailMessage Constructor

```typescript
import { EmailMessage } from 'cloudflare:email';

new EmailMessage(from: string, to: string, raw: ReadableStream | string)
```

Used for sending emails (replies or via SendEmail binding). Domain must be verified.

## SendEmail Interface

```typescript
interface SendEmail {
  send(message: EmailMessage): Promise<void>
}

// Usage
await env.EMAIL.send(new EmailMessage(from, to, mimeContent))
```

## SendEmail Binding Types

```jsonc
{
  "send_email": [
    { "name": "EMAIL" }, // Type 1: Any verified address
    { "name": "LOGS", "destination_address": "logs@example.com" }, // Type 2: Single dest
    { "name": "TEAM", "allowed_destination_addresses": ["a@ex.com", "b@ex.com"] }, // Type 3: Dest allowlist
    { "name": "NOREPLY", "allowed_sender_addresses": ["noreply@ex.com"] }, // Type 4: Sender allowlist
  ],
}
```

## postal-mime Parsed Output

postal-mime v2.7.3 parses incoming emails into structured data.

```typescript
interface ParsedEmail {
  headers: Array<{ key: string; value: string }>
  from: { name: string; address: string } | null
  to: Array<{ name: string; address: string }> | { name: string; address: string } | null
  cc: Array<{ name: string; address: string }> | null
  bcc: Array<{ name: string; address: string }> | null
  subject: string
  messageId: string | null
  inReplyTo: string | null
  references: string | null
  date: string | null
  html: string | null
  text: string | null
  attachments: Array<{
    filename: string
    mimeType: string
    disposition: string | null
    related: boolean
    contentId: string | null
    content: Uint8Array
  }>
}
```

### Usage

```typescript
import PostalMime from 'postal-mime'

const buffer = await new Response(message.raw).arrayBuffer()
const email = await PostalMime.parse(buffer)

console.log(email.subject)
console.log(email.from?.address)
console.log(email.text)
console.log(email.attachments.length)
```

## mimetext API Quick Reference

mimetext v3.0.27 composes outgoing emails.

```typescript
import { createMimeMessage } from 'mimetext'

const msg = createMimeMessage()

// Sender
msg.setSender({ name: 'John Doe', addr: 'john@example.com' })

// Recipients
msg.setRecipient('alice@example.com')
msg.setRecipients(['bob@example.com', 'carol@example.com'])
msg.setCc('manager@example.com')
msg.setBcc(['audit@example.com'])

// Headers
msg.setSubject('Meeting Notes')
msg.setHeader('In-Reply-To', '<previous-message-id>')
msg.setHeader('References', '<msg1> <msg2>')
msg.setHeader('Message-ID', `<${crypto.randomUUID()}@example.com>`)

// Content
msg.addMessage({
  contentType: 'text/plain',
  data: 'Plain text content',
})

msg.addMessage({
  contentType: 'text/html',
  data: '<p>HTML content</p>',
})

// Attachments
msg.addAttachment({
  filename: 'report.pdf',
  contentType: 'application/pdf',
  data: pdfBuffer, // Uint8Array or base64 string
})

// Generate raw MIME
const raw = msg.asRaw() // Returns string
```

## TypeScript Types

```typescript
import { ForwardableEmailMessage, EmailMessage } from 'cloudflare:email'

interface Env {
  EMAIL: SendEmail
  EMAIL_ARCHIVE: KVNamespace
  ALLOWED_SENDERS: KVNamespace
}

export default {
  async email(message: ForwardableEmailMessage, env: Env, ctx: ExecutionContext): Promise<void> {
    // Fully typed
  },
}
```