// Type definitions for Express 4.x
// Project: http://expressjs.com
// Definitions by: Boris Yankov <https://github.com/borisyankov/>
// Definitions: https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped
// This extracts the core definitions from express to prevent a circular dependency between express and serve-static
/// <reference types="node" />

declare namespace Express {

    // These open interfaces may be extended in an application-specific manner via declaration merging.
    // See for example method-override.d.ts (https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/blob/master/method-override/method-override.d.ts)
    export interface Request { }
    export interface Response { }
    export interface Application { }
}

declare module "express-serve-static-core" {
    import * as http from "http";

    interface NextFunction {
        (err?: any): void;
    }

    interface RequestHandler {
        (req: Request, res: Response, next?: NextFunction): any;
    }

    interface ErrorRequestHandler {
        (err: any, req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction): any;
    }

    type PathParams = string | RegExp | (string | RegExp)[];

    type RequestHandlerParams = RequestHandler | ErrorRequestHandler | (RequestHandler | ErrorRequestHandler)[];

    interface IRouterMatcher<T> {
        (path: PathParams, ...handlers: RequestHandler[]): T;
        (path: PathParams, ...handlers: RequestHandlerParams[]): T;
    }

    interface IRouterHandler<T> {
        (...handlers: RequestHandler[]): T;
        (...handlers: RequestHandlerParams[]): T;
    }

    interface IRouter extends RequestHandler {
        /**
            * Map the given param placeholder `name`(s) to the given callback(s).
            *
            * Parameter mapping is used to provide pre-conditions to routes
            * which use normalized placeholders. For example a _:user_id_ parameter
            * could automatically load a user's information from the database without
            * any additional code,
            *
            * The callback uses the samesignature as middleware, the only differencing
            * being that the value of the placeholder is passed, in this case the _id_
            * of the user. Once the `next()` function is invoked, just like middleware
            * it will continue on to execute the route, or subsequent parameter functions.
            *
            *      app.param('user_id', function(req, res, next, id){
            *        User.find(id, function(err, user){
            *          if (err) {
            *            next(err);
            *          } else if (user) {
            *            req.user = user;
            *            next();
            *          } else {
            *            next(new Error('failed to load user'));
            *          }
            *        });
            *      });
            *
            * @param name
            * @param fn
            */
        param(name: string, handler: RequestParamHandler): this;
        // Alternatively, you can pass only a callback, in which case you have the opportunity to alter the app.param() API
        // deprecated since express 4.11.0
        param(callback: (name: string, matcher: RegExp) => RequestParamHandler): this;

        /**
            * Special-cased "all" method, applying the given route `path`,
            * middleware, and callback to _every_ HTTP method.
            *
            * @param path
            * @param fn
            */
        all: IRouterMatcher<this>;
        get: IRouterMatcher<this>;
        post: IRouterMatcher<this>;
        put: IRouterMatcher<this>;
        delete: IRouterMatcher<this>;
        patch: IRouterMatcher<this>;
        options: IRouterMatcher<this>;
        head: IRouterMatcher<this>;

        use: IRouterHandler<this> & IRouterMatcher<this>;

        route(prefix: PathParams): IRoute;
    }

    interface IRoute {
        path: string;
        stack: any;
        all: IRouterHandler<this>;
        get: IRouterHandler<this>;
        post: IRouterHandler<this>;
        put: IRouterHandler<this>;
        delete: IRouterHandler<this>;
        patch: IRouterHandler<this>;
        options: IRouterHandler<this>;
        head: IRouterHandler<this>;
    }

    export interface Router extends IRouter { }

    interface CookieOptions {
        maxAge?: number;
        signed?: boolean;
        expires?: Date | boolean;
        httpOnly?: boolean;
        path?: string;
        domain?: string;
        secure?: boolean | 'auto';
    }

    interface Errback { (err: Error): void; }

    interface Request extends http.ServerRequest, Express.Request {

        /**
            * Return request header.
            *
            * The `Referrer` header field is special-cased,
            * both `Referrer` and `Referer` are interchangeable.
            *
            * Examples:
            *
            *     req.get('Content-Type');
            *     // => "text/plain"
            *
            *     req.get('content-type');
            *     // => "text/plain"
            *
            *     req.get('Something');
            *     // => undefined
            *
            * Aliased as `req.header()`.
            *
            * @param name
            */
        get(name: string): string;

        header(name: string): string;

        headers: { [key: string]: string; };

        /**
            * Check if the given `type(s)` is acceptable, returning
            * the best match when true, otherwise `undefined`, in which
            * case you should respond with 406 "Not Acceptable".
            *
            * The `type` value may be a single mime type string
            * such as "application/json", the extension name
            * such as "json", a comma-delimted list such as "json, html, text/plain",
            * or an array `["json", "html", "text/plain"]`. When a list
            * or array is given the _best_ match, if any is returned.
            *
            * Examples:
            *
            *     // Accept: text/html
            *     req.accepts('html');
            *     // => "html"
            *
            *     // Accept: text/*, application/json
            *     req.accepts('html');
            *     // => "html"
            *     req.accepts('text/html');
            *     // => "text/html"
            *     req.accepts('json, text');
            *     // => "json"
            *     req.accepts('application/json');
            *     // => "application/json"
            *
            *     // Accept: text/*, application/json
            *     req.accepts('image/png');
            *     req.accepts('png');
            *     // => undefined
            *
            *     // Accept: text/*;q=.5, application/json
            *     req.accepts(['html', 'json']);
            *     req.accepts('html, json');
            *     // => "json"
            */
        accepts(): string[];
        accepts(type: string): string | boolean;
        accepts(type: string[]): string | boolean;
        accepts(...type: string[]): string | boolean;

        /**
            * Returns the first accepted charset of the specified character sets,
            * based on the request's Accept-Charset HTTP header field.
            * If none of the specified charsets is accepted, returns false.
            *
            * For more information, or if you have issues or concerns, see accepts.
            * @param charset
            */
        acceptsCharsets(): string[];
        acceptsCharsets(charset: string): string | boolean;
        acceptsCharsets(charset: string[]): string | boolean;
        acceptsCharsets(...charset: string[]): string | boolean;

        /**
            * Returns the first accepted encoding of the specified encodings,
            * based on the request's Accept-Encoding HTTP header field.
            * If none of the specified encodings is accepted, returns false.
            *
            * For more information, or if you have issues or concerns, see accepts.
            * @param encoding
            */
        acceptsEncodings(): string[];
        acceptsEncodings(encoding: string): string | boolean;
        acceptsEncodings(encoding: string[]): string | boolean;
        acceptsEncodings(...encoding: string[]): string | boolean;

        /**
            * Returns the first accepted language of the specified languages,
            * based on the request's Accept-Language HTTP header field.
            * If none of the specified languages is accepted, returns false.
            *
            * For more information, or if you have issues or concerns, see accepts.
            *
            * @param lang
            */
        acceptsLanguages(): string[];
        acceptsLanguages(lang: string): string | boolean;
        acceptsLanguages(lang: string[]): string | boolean;
        acceptsLanguages(...lang: string[]): string | boolean;

        /**
            * Parse Range header field,
            * capping to the given `size`.
            *
            * Unspecified ranges such as "0-" require
            * knowledge of your resource length. In
            * the case of a byte range this is of course
            * the total number of bytes. If the Range
            * header field is not given `null` is returned,
            * `-1` when unsatisfiable, `-2` when syntactically invalid.
            *
            * NOTE: remember that ranges are inclusive, so
            * for example "Range: users=0-3" should respond
            * with 4 users when available, not 3.
            *
            * @param size
            */
        range(size: number): any[];

        /**
            * Return an array of Accepted media types
            * ordered from highest quality to lowest.
            */
        accepted: MediaType[];

        /**
            * @deprecated Use either req.params, req.body or req.query, as applicable.
            *
            * Return the value of param `name` when present or `defaultValue`.
            *
            *  - Checks route placeholders, ex: _/user/:id_
            *  - Checks body params, ex: id=12, {"id":12}
            *  - Checks query string params, ex: ?id=12
            *
            * To utilize request bodies, `req.body`
            * should be an object. This can be done by using
            * the `connect.bodyParser()` middleware.
            *
            * @param name
            * @param defaultValue
            */
        param(name: string, defaultValue?: any): string;

        /**
            * Check if the incoming request contains the "Content-Type"
            * header field, and it contains the give mime `type`.
            *
            * Examples:
            *
            *      // With Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
            *      req.is('html');
            *      req.is('text/html');
            *      req.is('text/*');
            *      // => true
            *
            *      // When Content-Type is application/json
            *      req.is('json');
            *      req.is('application/json');
            *      req.is('application/*');
            *      // => true
            *
            *      req.is('html');
            *      // => false
            *
            * @param type
            */
        is(type: string): boolean;

        /**
            * Return the protocol string "http" or "https"
            * when requested with TLS. When the "trust proxy"
            * setting is enabled the "X-Forwarded-Proto" header
            * field will be trusted. If you're running behind
            * a reverse proxy that supplies https for you this
            * may be enabled.
            */
        protocol: string;

        /**
            * Short-hand for:
            *
            *    req.protocol == 'https'
            */
        secure: boolean;

        /**
            * Return the remote address, or when
            * "trust proxy" is `true` return
            * the upstream addr.
            */
        ip: string;

        /**
            * When "trust proxy" is `true`, parse
            * the "X-Forwarded-For" ip address list.
            *
            * For example if the value were "client, proxy1, proxy2"
            * you would receive the array `["client", "proxy1", "proxy2"]`
            * where "proxy2" is the furthest down-stream.
            */
        ips: string[];

        /**
            * Return subdomains as an array.
            *
            * Subdomains are the dot-separated parts of the host before the main domain of
            * the app. By default, the domain of the app is assumed to be the last two
            * parts of the host. This can be changed by setting "subdomain offset".
            *
            * For example, if the domain is "tobi.ferrets.example.com":
            * If "subdomain offset" is not set, req.subdomains is `["ferrets", "tobi"]`.
            * If "subdomain offset" is 3, req.subdomains is `["tobi"]`.
            */
        subdomains: string[];

        /**
            * Short-hand for `url.parse(req.url).pathname`.
            */
        path: string;

        /**
            * Parse the "Host" header field hostname.
            */
        hostname: string;

        /**
            * @deprecated Use hostname instead.
            */
        host: string;

        /**
            * Check if the request is fresh, aka
            * Last-Modified and/or the ETag
            * still match.
            */
        fresh: boolean;

        /**
            * Check if the request is stale, aka
            * "Last-Modified" and / or the "ETag" for the
            * resource has changed.
            */
        stale: boolean;

        /**
            * Check if the request was an _XMLHttpRequest_.
            */
        xhr: boolean;

        //body: { username: string; password: string; remember: boolean; title: string; };
        body: any;

        //cookies: { string; remember: boolean; };
        cookies: any;

        method: string;

        params: any;

        /**
            * Clear cookie `name`.
            *
            * @param name
            * @param options
            */
        clearCookie(name: string, options?: any): Response;

        query: any;

        route: any;

        signedCookies: any;

        originalUrl: string;

        url: string;

        baseUrl: string;

        app: Application;
    }

    interface MediaType {
        value: string;
        quality: number;
        type: string;
        subtype: string;
    }

    interface Send {
        (status: number, body?: any): Response;
        (body?: any): Response;
    }

    interface Response extends http.ServerResponse, Express.Response {
        /**
            * Set status `code`.
            *
            * @param code
            */
        status(code: number): Response;

        /**
            * Set the response HTTP status code to `statusCode` and send its string representation as the response body.
            * @link http://expressjs.com/4x/api.html#res.sendStatus
            *
            * Examples:
            *
            *    res.sendStatus(200); // equivalent to res.status(200).send('OK')
            *    res.sendStatus(403); // equivalent to res.status(403).send('Forbidden')
            *    res.sendStatus(404); // equivalent to res.status(404).send('Not Found')
            *    res.sendStatus(500); // equivalent to res.status(500).send('Internal Server Error')
            *
            * @param code
            */
        sendStatus(code: number): Response;

        /**
            * Set Link header field with the given `links`.
            *
            * Examples:
            *
            *    res.links({
            *      next: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=2',
            *      last: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=5'
            *    });
            *
            * @param links
            */
        links(links: any): Response;

        /**
            * Send a response.
            *
            * Examples:
            *
            *     res.send(new Buffer('wahoo'));
            *     res.send({ some: 'json' });
            *     res.send('<p>some html</p>');
            *     res.send(404, 'Sorry, cant find that');
            *     res.send(404);
            */
        send: Send;

        /**
            * Send JSON response.
            *
            * Examples:
            *
            *     res.json(null);
            *     res.json({ user: 'tj' });
            *     res.json(500, 'oh noes!');
            *     res.json(404, 'I dont have that');
            */
        json: Send;

        /**
            * Send JSON response with JSONP callback support.
            *
            * Examples:
            *
            *     res.jsonp(null);
            *     res.jsonp({ user: 'tj' });
            *     res.jsonp(500, 'oh noes!');
            *     res.jsonp(404, 'I dont have that');
            */
        jsonp: Send;

        /**
            * Transfer the file at the given `path`.
            *
            * Automatically sets the _Content-Type_ response header field.
            * The callback `fn(err)` is invoked when the transfer is complete
            * or when an error occurs. Be sure to check `res.sentHeader`
            * if you wish to attempt responding, as the header and some data
            * may have already been transferred.
            *
            * Options:
            *
            *   - `maxAge`   defaulting to 0 (can be string converted by `ms`)
            *   - `root`     root directory for relative filenames
            *   - `headers`  object of headers to serve with file
            *   - `dotfiles` serve dotfiles, defaulting to false; can be `"allow"` to send them
            *
            * Other options are passed along to `send`.
            *
            * Examples:
            *
            *  The following example illustrates how `res.sendFile()` may
            *  be used as an alternative for the `static()` middleware for
            *  dynamic situations. The code backing `res.sendFile()` is actually
            *  the same code, so HTTP cache support etc is identical.
            *
            *     app.get('/user/:uid/photos/:file', function(req, res){
            *       var uid = req.params.uid
            *         , file = req.params.file;
            *
            *       req.user.mayViewFilesFrom(uid, function(yes){
            *         if (yes) {
            *           res.sendFile('/uploads/' + uid + '/' + file);
            *         } else {
            *           res.send(403, 'Sorry! you cant see that.');
            *         }
            *       });
            *     });
            *
            * @api public
            */
        sendFile(path: string): void;
        sendFile(path: string, options: any): void;
        sendFile(path: string, fn: Errback): void;
        sendFile(path: string, options: any, fn: Errback): void;

        /**
            * @deprecated Use sendFile instead.
            */
        sendfile(path: string): void;
        /**
            * @deprecated Use sendFile instead.
            */
        sendfile(path: string, options: any): void;
        /**
            * @deprecated Use sendFile instead.
            */
        sendfile(path: string, fn: Errback): void;
        /**
            * @deprecated Use sendFile instead.
            */
        sendfile(path: string, options: any, fn: Errback): void;

        /**
            * Transfer the file at the given `path` as an attachment.
            *
            * Optionally providing an alternate attachment `filename`,
            * and optional callback `fn(err)`. The callback is invoked
            * when the data transfer is complete, or when an error has
            * ocurred. Be sure to check `res.headerSent` if you plan to respond.
            *
            * This method uses `res.sendfile()`.
            */
        download(path: string): void;
        download(path: string, filename: string): void;
        download(path: string, fn: Errback): void;
        download(path: string, filename: string, fn: Errback): void;

        /**
            * Set _Content-Type_ response header with `type` through `mime.lookup()`
            * when it does not contain "/", or set the Content-Type to `type` otherwise.
            *
            * Examples:
            *
            *     res.type('.html');
            *     res.type('html');
            *     res.type('json');
            *     res.type('application/json');
            *     res.type('png');
            *
            * @param type
            */
        contentType(type: string): Response;

        /**
            * Set _Content-Type_ response header with `type` through `mime.lookup()`
            * when it does not contain "/", or set the Content-Type to `type` otherwise.
            *
            * Examples:
            *
            *     res.type('.html');
            *     res.type('html');
            *     res.type('json');
            *     res.type('application/json');
            *     res.type('png');
            *
            * @param type
            */
        type(type: string): Response;

        /**
            * Respond to the Acceptable formats using an `obj`
            * of mime-type callbacks.
            *
            * This method uses `req.accepted`, an array of
            * acceptable types ordered by their quality values.
            * When "Accept" is not present the _first_ callback
            * is invoked, otherwise the first match is used. When
            * no match is performed the server responds with
            * 406 "Not Acceptable".
            *
            * Content-Type is set for you, however if you choose
            * you may alter this within the callback using `res.type()`
            * or `res.set('Content-Type', ...)`.
            *
            *    res.format({
            *      'text/plain': function(){
            *        res.send('hey');
            *      },
            *
            *      'text/html': function(){
            *        res.send('<p>hey</p>');
            *      },
            *
            *      'appliation/json': function(){
            *        res.send({ message: 'hey' });
            *      }
            *    });
            *
            * In addition to canonicalized MIME types you may
            * also use extnames mapped to these types:
            *
            *    res.format({
            *      text: function(){
            *        res.send('hey');
            *      },
            *
            *      html: function(){
            *        res.send('<p>hey</p>');
            *      },
            *
            *      json: function(){
            *        res.send({ message: 'hey' });
            *      }
            *    });
            *
            * By default Express passes an `Error`
            * with a `.status` of 406 to `next(err)`
            * if a match is not made. If you provide
            * a `.default` callback it will be invoked
            * instead.
            *
            * @param obj
            */
        format(obj: any): Response;

        /**
            * Set _Content-Disposition_ header to _attachment_ with optional `filename`.
            *
            * @param filename
            */
        attachment(filename?: string): Response;

        /**
            * Set header `field` to `val`, or pass
            * an object of header fields.
            *
            * Examples:
            *
            *    res.set('Foo', ['bar', 'baz']);
            *    res.set('Accept', 'application/json');
            *    res.set({ Accept: 'text/plain', 'X-API-Key': 'tobi' });
            *
            * Aliased as `res.header()`.
            */
        set(field: any): Response;
        set(field: string, value?: string): Response;

        header(field: any): Response;
        header(field: string, value?: string): Response;

        // Property indicating if HTTP headers has been sent for the response.
        headersSent: boolean;

        /**
            * Get value for header `field`.
            *
            * @param field
            */
        get(field: string): string;

        /**
            * Clear cookie `name`.
            *
            * @param name
            * @param options
            */
        clearCookie(name: string, options?: any): Response;

        /**
            * Set cookie `name` to `val`, with the given `options`.
            *
            * Options:
            *
            *    - `maxAge`   max-age in milliseconds, converted to `expires`
            *    - `signed`   sign the cookie
            *    - `path`     defaults to "/"
            *
            * Examples:
            *
            *    // "Remember Me" for 15 minutes
            *    res.cookie('rememberme', '1', { expires: new Date(Date.now() + 900000), httpOnly: true });
            *
            *    // save as above
            *    res.cookie('rememberme', '1', { maxAge: 900000, httpOnly: true })
            */
        cookie(name: string, val: string, options: CookieOptions): Response;
        cookie(name: string, val: any, options: CookieOptions): Response;
        cookie(name: string, val: any): Response;

        /**
            * Set the location header to `url`.
            *
            * The given `url` can also be the name of a mapped url, for
            * example by default express supports "back" which redirects
            * to the _Referrer_ or _Referer_ headers or "/".
            *
            * Examples:
            *
            *    res.location('/foo/bar').;
            *    res.location('http://example.com');
            *    res.location('../login'); // /blog/post/1 -> /blog/login
            *
            * Mounting:
            *
            *   When an application is mounted and `res.location()`
            *   is given a path that does _not_ lead with "/" it becomes
            *   relative to the mount-point. For example if the application
            *   is mounted at "/blog", the following would become "/blog/login".
            *
            *      res.location('login');
            *
            *   While the leading slash would result in a location of "/login":
            *
            *      res.location('/login');
            *
            * @param url
            */
        location(url: string): Response;

        /**
            * Redirect to the given `url` with optional response `status`
            * defaulting to 302.
            *
            * The resulting `url` is determined by `res.location()`, so
            * it will play nicely with mounted apps, relative paths,
            * `"back"` etc.
            *
            * Examples:
            *
            *    res.redirect('/foo/bar');
            *    res.redirect('http://example.com');
            *    res.redirect(301, 'http://example.com');
            *    res.redirect('http://example.com', 301);
            *    res.redirect('../login'); // /blog/post/1 -> /blog/login
            */
        redirect(url: string): void;
        redirect(status: number, url: string): void;
        redirect(url: string, status: number): void;

        /**
            * Render `view` with the given `options` and optional callback `fn`.
            * When a callback function is given a response will _not_ be made
            * automatically, otherwise a response of _200_ and _text/html_ is given.
            *
            * Options:
            *
            *  - `cache`     boolean hinting to the engine it should cache
            *  - `filename`  filename of the view being rendered
            */
        render(view: string, options?: Object, callback?: (err: Error, html: string) => void): void;
        render(view: string, callback?: (err: Error, html: string) => void): void;

        locals: any;

        charset: string;

        /**
         * Adds the field to the Vary response header, if it is not there already.
         * Examples:
         *
         *     res.vary('User-Agent').render('docs');
         *
         */
        vary(field: string): Response;
    }

    interface Handler extends RequestHandler { }

    interface RequestParamHandler {
        (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction, value: any, name: string): any;
    }

    interface Application extends IRouter, Express.Application {
        /**
            * Initialize the server.
            *
            *   - setup default configuration
            *   - setup default middleware
            *   - setup route reflection methods
            */
        init(): void;

        /**
            * Initialize application configuration.
            */
        defaultConfiguration(): void;

        /**
            * Register the given template engine callback `fn`
            * as `ext`.
            *
            * By default will `require()` the engine based on the
            * file extension. For example if you try to render
            * a "foo.jade" file Express will invoke the following internally:
            *
            *     app.engine('jade', require('jade').__express);
            *
            * For engines that do not provide `.__express` out of the box,
            * or if you wish to "map" a different extension to the template engine
            * you may use this method. For example mapping the EJS template engine to
            * ".html" files:
            *
            *     app.engine('html', require('ejs').renderFile);
            *
            * In this case EJS provides a `.renderFile()` method with
            * the same signature that Express expects: `(path, options, callback)`,
            * though note that it aliases this method as `ejs.__express` internally
            * so if you're using ".ejs" extensions you dont need to do anything.
            *
            * Some template engines do not follow this convention, the
            * [Consolidate.js](https://github.com/visionmedia/consolidate.js)
            * library was created to map all of node's popular template
            * engines to follow this convention, thus allowing them to
            * work seamlessly within Express.
            */
        engine(ext: string, fn: Function): Application;

        /**
            * Assign `setting` to `val`, or return `setting`'s value.
            *
            *    app.set('foo', 'bar');
            *    app.get('foo');
            *    // => "bar"
            *    app.set('foo', ['bar', 'baz']);
            *    app.get('foo');
            *    // => ["bar", "baz"]
            *
            * Mounted servers inherit their parent server's settings.
            *
            * @param setting
            * @param val
            */
        set(setting: string, val: any): Application;
        get: {(name: string): any;} & IRouterMatcher<this>;

        param(name: string | string[], handler: RequestParamHandler): this;
        // Alternatively, you can pass only a callback, in which case you have the opportunity to alter the app.param() API
        param(callback: (name: string, matcher: RegExp) => RequestParamHandler): this;

        /**
            * Return the app's absolute pathname
            * based on the parent(s) that have
            * mounted it.
            *
            * For example if the application was
            * mounted as "/admin", which itself
            * was mounted as "/blog" then the
            * return value would be "/blog/admin".
            */
        path(): string;

        /**
            * Check if `setting` is enabled (truthy).
            *
            *    app.enabled('foo')
            *    // => false
            *
            *    app.enable('foo')
            *    app.enabled('foo')
            *    // => true
            */
        enabled(setting: string): boolean;

        /**
            * Check if `setting` is disabled.
            *
            *    app.disabled('foo')
            *    // => true
            *
            *    app.enable('foo')
            *    app.disabled('foo')
            *    // => false
            *
            * @param setting
            */
        disabled(setting: string): boolean;

        /**
            * Enable `setting`.
            *
            * @param setting
            */
        enable(setting: string): Application;

        /**
            * Disable `setting`.
            *
            * @param setting
            */
        disable(setting: string): Application;

        /**
            * Configure callback for zero or more envs,
            * when no `env` is specified that callback will
            * be invoked for all environments. Any combination
            * can be used multiple times, in any order desired.
            *
            * Examples:
            *
            *    app.configure(function(){
            *      // executed for all envs
            *    });
            *
            *    app.configure('stage', function(){
            *      // executed staging env
            *    });
            *
            *    app.configure('stage', 'production', function(){
            *      // executed for stage and production
            *    });
            *
            * Note:
            *
            *  These callbacks are invoked immediately, and
            *  are effectively sugar for the following:
            *
            *     var env = process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development';
            *
            *      switch (env) {
            *        case 'development':
            *          ...
            *          break;
            *        case 'stage':
            *          ...
            *          break;
            *        case 'production':
            *          ...
            *          break;
            *      }
            *
            * @param env
            * @param fn
            */
        configure(fn: Function): Application;
        configure(env0: string, fn: Function): Application;
        configure(env0: string, env1: string, fn: Function): Application;
        configure(env0: string, env1: string, env2: string, fn: Function): Application;
        configure(env0: string, env1: string, env2: string, env3: string, fn: Function): Application;
        configure(env0: string, env1: string, env2: string, env3: string, env4: string, fn: Function): Application;

        /**
            * Render the given view `name` name with `options`
            * and a callback accepting an error and the
            * rendered template string.
            *
            * Example:
            *
            *    app.render('email', { name: 'Tobi' }, function(err, html){
            *      // ...
            *    })
            *
            * @param name
            * @param options or fn
            * @param fn
            */
        render(name: string, options?: Object, callback?: (err: Error, html: string) => void): void;
        render(name: string, callback: (err: Error, html: string) => void): void;


        /**
            * Listen for connections.
            *
            * A node `http.Server` is returned, with this
            * application (which is a `Function`) as its
            * callback. If you wish to create both an HTTP
            * and HTTPS server you may do so with the "http"
            * and "https" modules as shown here:
            *
            *    var http = require('http')
            *      , https = require('https')
            *      , express = require('express')
            *      , app = express();
            *
            *    http.createServer(app).listen(80);
            *    https.createServer({ ... }, app).listen(443);
            */
        listen(port: number, hostname: string, backlog: number, callback?: Function): http.Server;
        listen(port: number, hostname: string, callback?: Function): http.Server;
        listen(port: number, callback?: Function): http.Server;
        listen(path: string, callback?: Function): http.Server;
        listen(handle: any, listeningListener?: Function): http.Server;

        router: string;

        settings: any;

        resource: any;

        map: any;

        locals: any;

        /**
            * The app.routes object houses all of the routes defined mapped by the
            * associated HTTP verb. This object may be used for introspection
            * capabilities, for example Express uses this internally not only for
            * routing but to provide default OPTIONS behaviour unless app.options()
            * is used. Your application or framework may also remove routes by
            * simply by removing them from this object.
            */
        routes: any;
    }

    interface Express extends Application {
        /**
            * Framework version.
            */
        version: string;

        /**
            * Expose mime.
            */
        mime: string;

        (): Application;

        /**
        * Create an express application.
        */
        createApplication(): Application;

        createServer(): Application;

        application: any;

        request: Request;

        response: Response;
    }
}