{ "hom": { "meaning": "man, human", "class": "root", "root": "hom", "example": [ "homage", "homicide", "hominoid", "Homo sapiens" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-less": { "antonyms": "-ful1", "synonyms": "a-1, an-1", "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "aimless", "airless", "baseless", "blameless", "bloodless", "boneless", "bodiless", "bottomless", "boundless", "brainless", "breathless", "careless", "cheerless", "colorless", "cordless", "countless", "dauntless", "doubtless", "endless", "fatherless", "fearless", "feckless", "formless", "graceless", "groundless", "heartless", "helpless", "homeless", "hopeless", "jobless", "joyless", "listless", "matchless", "merciless", "mindless", "motionless", "nameless", "painless", "peerless", "penniless", "pitiless", "pointless", "powerless", "priceless", "regardless", "relentless", "restless", "selfless", "sightless", "soundless1", "spotless", "stainless", "strapless", "sunless", "tasteless", "thoughtless", "tireless", "useless", "wireless", "weightless", "worthless" ], "origin": "Middle English", "meaning": "without", "root": "-less", "function": "The suffix -lessattaches primarily to monosyllabic English nouns. However, -lessis a fully productive suffix, meaning it can be added to any noun to form legitimate new words.\r\n" }, "syl-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "decasyllable", "disyllable", "polysyllable", "syllabary", "syllabify", "syllable", "syllogism", "trisyllable" ], "origin": "Greek", "meaning": "with, together with", "root": "syl-", "function": "The prefix syl-occurs in Greek loanwords and hence attaches to Greek bases. It is an assimilated form of syn-used before roots beginning with l, such as \"log\". See syn-.\r\n" }, "-en2": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "ashen", "brazen", "earthen", "golden", "hempen", "silken", "wooden", "woolen" ], "origin": "Old English", "meaning": "made of", "root": "-en2", "function": "The suffix -en2forms adjectives from monosyllabic native English nouns denoting material or source\r\n" }, "pter, ptero, pteryg, pteryx": { "meaning": "wing, fin", "class": "root", "root": "pter, ptero, pteryg, pteryx", "example": [ "apterous", "apteryx", "helicopter", "homopterous", "lepidopteran", "neuropterous", "orthopteran", "pterodactyl" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "strict, string, strain": { "meaning": "bind, tighten", "class": "root", "root": "strict, string, strain", "example": [ "astringent", "constrain", "constrict", "restrain", "restraint", "restrict", "restriction", "restrictive", "strict", "stricture", "stringent" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "helic, helico": { "meaning": "spiral, circular", "class": "root", "root": "helic, helico", "example": [ "helical", "helicoid", "helicopter", "helix" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "son": { "synonyms": "phon, phono, -phone, -phony", "class": "root", "example": [ "consonant", "consonance", "dissonance", "dissonant", "resonant", "resonate", "sonant", "sonata", "sonic", "sonnet", "sonority", "sonorous", "supersonics", "transonic", "ultrasonics", "unison" ], "meaning": "sound", "root": "son", "origin": "Latin" }, "chlor, chloro": { "synonyms": "verd", "class": "root", "example": [ "chlorella", "chloride", "chlorinate", "chlorine", "chlorite1", "chloroform", "chlorophyll", "chloroplast", "chlorosis" ], "meaning": "light green; containing chlorine", "root": "chlor, chloro", "origin": "Greek" }, "tom, -tome, -tomy, -stomy": { "meaning": "to cut", "class": "root", "root": "tom, -tome, -tomy, -stomy", "example": [ "anatomy", "appendectomy", "atom", "colostomy", "diatom", "dichotomy", "episiotomy", "epitome", "hepatectomy", "hysterectomy", "hysterotomy", "laryngectomy", "lithotomy", "lobotomy", "mastectomy", "nephrectomy", "oophorectomy", "osteotomy", "ovariectomy", "ovariotomy", "phlebotomy", "salpingectomy", "thyroidectomy", "tome", "tomography", "tonsillectomy", "tracheotomy", "vagotomy", "vasectomy" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "ced, ces, -ceed, -cede, -cess": { "meaning": "to go; to go back or yield", "class": "root", "root": "ced, ces, -ceed, -cede, -cess", "example": [ "accede", "access", "accessible", "ancestry", "antecede", "antecedent", "cede", "concede", "exceed", "excess", "intercede", "precede", "precedent", "procedure", "proceed", "process", "procession", "recede", "recession", "retrocede", "secede", "succeed", "success" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ule": { "meaning": "small", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "root": "-ule", "example": [ "capsule", "gemmule", "globule", "molecule", "nodule", "tubule" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ician": { "meaning": "practictioner of or expert in", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "root": "-ician", "example": [ "mathematician", "mortician", "optician", "patrician", "pediatrician", "physician", "politician", "technician" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "hepat, hepato": { "meaning": "liver", "class": "root", "root": "hepat, hepato", "example": [ "hepatectomy", "hepatic", "hepatica", "hepatitis", "hepatoma" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "syn-": { "synonyms": "com-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "photosynthesis", "synaesthesia", "synagogue", "synapse", "synapsis", "synchromesh", "synchronic", "synchronize", "synchronous", "synchroscope", "syncline", "syncope", "syncretism", "syndic", "syndicalism", "syndicate", "syndrome", "synecdoche", "syneresis", "synergism", "synergy", "synesthesia", "synod", "synonym", "synonymous", "syntactics", "syntax", "synthesize", "synthetic" ], "origin": "Greek", "meaning": "with, together with", "root": "syn-", "function": "The prefix \"syn-\" occurs in Greek loanwords and attaches to Greek roots. It has several forms, as the final \"n\" sound in \"syn-\" assimilates to the initial sound of the base to which it is attached. See its assimilated forms sym-, syl-, and sys-.\r\n" }, "-acious": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "audacious", "capacious", "fallacious", "loquacious", "perspicacious", "pertinacious", "pugnacious", "rapacious", "tenacious", "veracious", "vivacious", "voracious" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "full of, characterized by", "root": "-acious", "function": "The suffix -aciousforms adjectives from Latinate nouns ending in \"-acity,\" \"-acy,\" or \"-ce.\" Most common adjectives ending in -acioushave a corresponding noun form ending in \"-acity.\"\r\n" }, "chrys, chryso": { "meaning": "gold, yellow", "class": "root", "root": "chrys, chryso", "example": [ "chrysalis", "chrysanthemum", "chryselephantine", "chrysolite", "chrysoprase" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "scop, -scope, -scopy": { "meaning": "to view, to observe", "class": "root", "root": "scop, -scope, -scopy", "example": [ "arthroscope", "bronchoscope", "cryoscopy", "cystoscope", "electroscope", "fluoroscope", "gyrocompass", "gyroscope", "horoscope", "hygroscope", "kaleidoscope", "laparoscope", "laryngoscope", "macroscopic", "microscope", "microscopic", "ophthalmoscope", "oscilloscope", "periscope", "phonoscope", "polariscope", "radarscope", "radio telescope", "radioscopy", "spectroscope", "stereoscope", "stethoscope", "stroboscope", "submicroscopic", "synchroscope", "telescope", "ultramicroscope", "urethroscope" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "crat, -cracy": { "meaning": "government, rule", "class": "root", "root": "crat, -cracy", "example": [ "aristocracy", "aristocrat", "autocracy", "autocratic", "bureaucracy", "democracy", "democrat", "democratic", "gerontocracy", "meritocracy", "mobocracy", "ochlocracy", "plutocracy", "technocracy", "theocracy" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "fix": { "meaning": "fasten, attach", "class": "root", "root": "fix", "example": [ "affix", "fixation", "fixative", "fixity", "fixture", "infix", "prefix", "suffix", "transfix", "unfix" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "neo": { "synonyms": "nov", "class": "root", "example": [ "neoclassic", "neocolonialism", "neodymium", "Neolithic", "neologism", "neon", "neophyte", "neoplasm" ], "meaning": "new, recent", "root": "neo", "origin": "Greek" }, "-ion": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "ablation", "abrasion", "accession", "action", "addiction", "addition", "admission", "adoption", "affection", "affliction", "aggression", "ambition", "attention", "audition", "commission", "commissioner", "compassion", "compassionate", "conclusion", "condition", "confusion", "congestion", "construction", "direction", "diction", "dictionary", "exclusion", "expedition", "fusion", "illusion", "immersion", "incision", "interaction", "inquisition", "mission", "nation", "omission", "passion", "passionate", "permission", "prediction", "prescription", "question", "reaction", "reflection", "rendition", "revolution", "satisfaction", "section", "session", "solution", "television", "transaction" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "the act, process, or result of", "root": "-ion", "function": "The suffix -ionattaches to bases that are Latin verb stems ending in s or t.\r\n" }, "mne, mnes, mnest": { "synonyms": "memor, member, membr", "class": "root", "example": [ "amnesia", "amnesty", "mnemonic", "mnemonics" ], "meaning": "memory", "root": "mne, mnes, mnest", "origin": "Greek" }, "crypt, crypto, cryph": { "meaning": "secret, hidden", "class": "root", "root": "crypt, crypto, cryph", "example": [ "Apocrypha", "apocryphal", "crypt", "cryptic", "cryptogam", "cryptogram", "cryptography" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "esthes, aesthes, esthet, aesthet": { "meaning": "feeling, sensation, sense perception", "class": "root", "root": "esthes, aesthes, esthet, aesthet", "example": [ "aesthete", "aesthetic", "aesthetics", "anesthesia", "anesthesiologist", "anesthesiology", "anesthetic", "anesthetist", "anesthetize", "esthesia", "kinesthesia", "paresthesia", "synesthesia", "telesthesia" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "gram": { "meaning": "write", "class": "root", "root": "gram", "example": [ "anagram", "cardiogram", "diagram", "epigram", "grammar", "gramophone", "hologram", "monogram", "program", "telegram" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "tetr, tetra": { "meaning": "four", "class": "root", "root": "tetr, tetra", "example": [ "tetrad", "tetragrammaton", "tetrahedron", "tetralogy", "tetrameter", "tetrarch", "tetrarchy", "tetravalent", "tetroxide" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "asper": { "meaning": "rough", "class": "root", "root": "asper", "example": [ "asperity", "exasperate", "exasperation" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "ped1, pedi, -pede": { "synonyms": "pod, pode", "class": "root", "example": [ "biped", "centipede", "cypripedium", "expediency", "expedient", "expedite", "expedition", "expeditionary", "expeditious", "impedance", "impede", "impediment", "impedimenta", "inexpedient", "millepede", "millipede", "moped", "pedal", "pedestal", "pedestrian", "pedicab", "pedicel", "pedicure", "pedigree", "pediment", "pedipalp", "pedometer", "peduncle", "pedunculate", "pinniped", "quadruped", "sesquipedalian", "velocipede" ], "meaning": "foot, feet", "root": "ped1, pedi, -pede", "origin": "Latin" }, "over-": { "meaning": "excessively, too much; over, on top, above", "class": "prefix", "root": "over-", "example": [ "overact", "overbake", "overboard", "overbook", "overbusy", "overcast", "overclean", "overcoat", "overcome", "overcook", "overdo", "overdry", "overflow", "overhead", "overjoyed", "overlap", "overlarge", "overlength", "overload", "overlook", "overlord", "overnice", "overpay", "overplan", "overpower", "overrate", "override", "overshadow", "overstep", "oversweet", "overtake", "overthin", "overuse", "overwhelm" ], "origin": "Old English" }, "di-2, diplo-": { "synonyms": "bi-, bin-, du, duo", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "dicephalous", "dichloride", "dichromate", "dichromatic", "didymium", "diencephalon", "digraph", "dihedral", "dilemma", "dioecious", "dioxide", "diphthong", "diploid", "diploma", "dipole", "dipterous", "distich", "disyllable", "divalent" ], "meaning": "two, double", "root": "di-2, diplo-", "origin": "Greek" }, "centr, centri, centro": { "meaning": "center", "class": "root", "root": "centr, centri, centro", "example": [ "anthropocentric", "center", "central", "centralism", "centralize", "centric", "centrifugal", "centrifugal force", "centrifuge", "centripetal", "centripetal force", "centrist", "centrosome", "concentrate", "concentric", "eccentric", "egocentric", "epicenter", "geocentric", "heliocentric", "polycentrism" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "-al1": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "accrual", "acquittal", "appraisal", "approval", "arrival", "betrothal", "denial", "disapproval", "dismissal", "dispersal", "disposal", "espial", "espousal", "portrayal", "proposal", "rebuttal", "recital", "referral", "refusal", "remittal", "removal", "renewal", "reprisal", "retrieval", "reversal", "survival", "withdrawal" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "act or result of", "root": "-al1", "function": "The suffix -al1attaches to verbs, primarily verbs from Latin or from Latin via French, to form nouns. The base verb always has primary stress on its final syllable.\r\n" }, "graph, -graphy": { "meaning": "writing, drawing, recording", "class": "root", "root": "graph, -graphy", "example": [ "anemograph", "arteriography", "autobiography", "autograph", "autoradiograph", "barograph", "bibliography", "biogeography", "biography", "cacography", "calligraphy", "cardiograph", "cartography", "chirography", "choreography", "chromolithography", "chronograph", "cinematography", "cosmography", "cryptography", "crystallography", "dactylography", "demography", "digraph", "discography", "electrocardiograph", "electroencephalograph", "epigraph", "epigraphy", "ethnography", "geography", "geopolitics", "graph", "graphic", "graphics", "graphite", "graphology", "hagiography", "holograph", "homograph", "hydrography", "iconography", "lexicography", "lithography", "meteorograph", "micrograph", "microphotograph", "mimeograph", "monograph", "myocardiograph", "oceanography", "orthography", "oscillograph", "paleography", "pantograph", "paragraph", "petrography", "phonograph", "phonography", "photograph", "photography", "photomicrograph", "physiography", "pictograph", "planography", "polygraph", "pyrography", "radiograph", "radiotelegraph", "roentgenography", "seismograph", "spectrograph", "spectroheliograph", "stenography", "technography", "telegraph", "telephotography", "thermograph", "tomography", "topography", "typography", "xerography", "zoography" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "lys, lyt, -lyze": { "meaning": "break down, disintegrate", "class": "root", "root": "lys, lyt, -lyze", "example": [ "analysis", "analyst", "analytic", "analyze", "catalyst", "catalyze", "electrolysis", "electrolyte", "hydrolysis", "lysis", "paralysis", "paralyze" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "mar, mari": { "meaning": "sea", "class": "root", "root": "mar, mari", "example": [ "aquamarine", "mariculture", "marina", "marine", "mariner", "maritime", "submarine", "ultramarine" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "pro-2": { "antonyms": "post-", "synonyms": "pre-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "amphiprostyle", "proem", "prognosis", "prognostic", "prognosticate", "program", "prokaryote", "prolegomenon", "prolepsis", "prologue", "prophet", "prophylactic", "prostyle", "protasis" ], "meaning": "before", "root": "pro-2", "origin": "Greek" }, "caust, caut": { "meaning": "burn", "class": "root", "root": "caust, caut", "example": [ "caustic", "cauterize", "encaustic", "holocaust" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "opt2": { "meaning": "choose", "class": "root", "root": "opt2", "example": [ "adopt", "adoption", "option" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "meta-": { "meaning": "change, between, after, beyond", "class": "prefix", "root": "meta-", "example": [ "metabolism", "metacarpus", "metamorphosis", "metaphase", "metaphor", "metaphysics", "metastasis", "metatarsus", "metathesis", "metempsychosis", "metencephalon", "metonymy", "metopic" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "op, ops, opt, opto, ophthalm, ophthalmo, -opia, -opsy": { "synonyms": "ocul", "class": "root", "example": [ "ametropia", "autopsy", "biopsy", "coreopsis", "cyclops", "diopter", "exophthalmos", "hemeralopia", "hypermetropia", "hyperopia", "metopic", "myopia", "nyctalopia", "ophthalmia", "ophthalmic", "ophthalmology", "ophthalmoscope", "optic", "optical", "optician", "optics", "optometrist", "optometry", "photopia", "rhodopsin", "scotopia", "synopsis" ], "meaning": "eye, visual condition, vision, sight, inspection", "root": "op, ops, opt, opto, ophthalm, ophthalmo, -opia, -opsy", "origin": "Greek" }, "electr": { "meaning": "electric", "class": "root", "root": "electr", "example": [ "dynamoelectric", "electrocardiograph", "electroencephalograph", "electroscope" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "sim, semb": { "meaning": "like, similar", "class": "root", "root": "sim, semb", "example": [ "assimilate", "dissimulate", "resemble", "semblance", "similar", "simile", "simulate", "simultaneous" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "ec, ect, ecto": { "synonyms": "ex-, exo-, extr-, extra-, exter-", "class": "root", "example": [ "appendectomy", "eccentric", "ecstasy", "ectoderm", "ectopic", "ectoplasm", "hepatectomy", "hysterectomy", "laryngectomy", "mastectomy", "nephrectomy", "ovariectomy" ], "meaning": "out, outside", "root": "ec, ect, ecto", "origin": "Greek" }, "dom2": { "meaning": "house", "class": "root", "root": "dom2", "example": [ "condominium", "domestic", "domesticate", "domicile" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "be-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "bedaub", "bedazzle", "bedeck", "bedevil", "bedew", "bedim", "bedizen", "befall", "befit", "befog", "befoul", "befriend", "befuddle", "beget", "begird", "begrime", "begrudge", "beguile", "behold", "bejewel", "belabor", "belie", "belong", "beloved", "bemuse", "benighted", "berate", "beset", "besiege", "besmear", "besmirch", "besot", "bespangle", "bespatter", "bespeak", "bespectacled", "bespread", "bestow", "bestride", "betake", "bethink", "betide", "betray", "betroth", "bewail", "beware", "bewilder", "bewitch" ], "origin": "Old English", "meaning": "to cover or surround with; to act on or change another.", "root": "be-", "function": "The prefix be-forms verbs from nouns and verbs.\r\n" }, "novem, noven": { "meaning": "ninth", "class": "root", "root": "novem, noven", "example": [ "November", "novena" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "form": { "meaning": "shape, form", "class": "root", "root": "form", "example": [ "aliform", "antiformalist", "antireform", "auriform", "coliform", "conform", "conformable", "conformal", "conformance", "conformation", "conformity", "cruciform", "cubiform", "cuneiform", "deform", "deformation", "deformed", "deformity", "form", "formal", "formalism", "formality", "formalize", "formally", "format", "formation", "formative", "formless", "formula", "formularize", "formulary", "formulate", "formulize", "fusiform", "inform", "informal", "informality", "informant", "information", "informed", "informer", "iodoform", "malformation", "malformed", "misinform", "multiform", "napiform", "oviform", "piciform", "piliform", "reform", "reformation", "reformatory", "reformed", "reformer", "reformist", "reniform", "semiformal", "transform", "transformation", "transformer", "unformed", "uniform", "uniformity", "variform", "vermiform" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "deb": { "meaning": "owe", "class": "root", "root": "deb", "example": [ "debenture", "debit", "debt", "debtor", "indebted", "indebtedness" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "tend, tent, tens": { "meaning": "stretch", "class": "root", "root": "tend, tent, tens", "example": [ "attend", "attendance", "attention", "contend", "distend", "extend", "extent", "intend", "intent", "intention", "tendency", "tendon", "tense", "tensile", "tension", "tent", "tenuous" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "ev (aev)": { "meaning": "age, era", "class": "root", "root": "ev (aev)", "example": [ "coeval", "medieval", "primeval" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "dent, denti": { "meaning": "tooth, teeth", "class": "root", "root": "dent, denti", "example": [ "bidentate", "dental", "dentifrice", "dentil", "dentine", "dentist", "dentistry", "dentition", "denture", "edentate", "edentulous", "indent", "indenture", "labiodental", "trident", "tridentate" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "a-1, an-1": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "abiogenesis", "abiotic", "abranchiate", "abysmal", "abyss", "achene", "achromatic", "achromic", "adiabatic", "agnostic", "alexia", "amenorrhea", "amethyst", "ametropia", "amnesia", "amnesty", "amoral", "amorphous", "anaemia", "anaerobe", "anaerobic", "analgesia", "analgesic", "anarchy", "anecdote", "anemia", "aneroid", "anesthesia", "anesthesiology", "anodyne", "anomalous", "anomaly", "anomie", "anonym", "anonymous", "anorexia", "anoxia", "anuria", "apathy", "aperiodic", "apetalous", "aphasia", "aplastic anemia", "apraxia", "apterous", "apteryx", "arrhythmia", "aseptic", "asexual", "asocial", "asphyxia", "astatine", "asthenia", "astigmatism", "asymmetry", "asymptote", "ataractic", "ataxia", "atheist", "atom", "atonal", "atrophy", "avitaminosis", "azygous", "neurasthenia" ], "origin": "Greek", "meaning": "not, without", "root": "a-1, an-1", "function": "Words prefixed with a-1, an-1are nouns and adjectives. Some are loanwords from Greek (amorphous, atrophy). Others are English formations, which may attach the prefix to English words of Latin origin (asocial, amoral) or Greek origin (apolitical). The form a-1is used before bases beginning with a consonant, while an-1is used before bases beginning with a vowel.\r\n" }, "vinc, vict, vanq": { "meaning": "conquer", "class": "root", "root": "vinc, vict, vanq", "example": [ "convict", "conviction", "convince", "evict", "evince", "invincible", "vanquish", "victim", "victory" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "cosm, cosmo": { "meaning": "universe, world, order", "class": "root", "root": "cosm, cosmo", "example": [ "cosmetic", "cosmic", "cosmochemistry", "cosmogony", "cosmography", "cosmology", "cosmonaut", "cosmopolitan", "cosmos", "macrocosm", "microcosm" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "sur-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "surreptitious", "surrogate" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "under, below", "root": "sur-", "function": "The prefix \"sur-\" occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of \"sub-\" used before roots beginning with \"r.\" See sub-.\r\n" }, "flor, flori": { "meaning": "flower", "class": "root", "root": "flor, flori", "example": [ "effloresce", "efflorescence", "flora", "Flora", "floral", "florescence", "floret", "floribunda", "floriculture", "florid", "Florida", "floriferous", "florin", "florist", "inflorescence", "multiflora rose", "tubuliflorous" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "fract, frag": { "meaning": "break", "class": "root", "root": "fract, frag", "example": [ "diffract", "fraction", "fracture", "fragile", "fragment", "infraction", "irrefragable", "refract" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "vag": { "meaning": "wander", "class": "root", "root": "vag", "example": [ "divagate", "extravagant", "vagabond", "vagary", "vagrant", "vague" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-oid": { "meaning": "resembling, like", "class": "adjective- and noun-forming suffix", "root": "-oid", "example": [ "android", "anthropoid", "asteroid", "deltoid", "hominoid", "ovoid", "spheroid" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "pel, puls": { "meaning": "drive, push", "class": "root", "root": "pel, puls", "example": [ "compel", "compulsion", "compulsive", "compulsory", "dispel", "expel", "expulsion", "impel", "interpellate", "propel", "repel", "repulse" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "pod, pode": { "synonyms": "ped1, pedi, -pede", "class": "root", "example": [ "antipode", "antipodes", "arthropod", "brachiopod", "cephalopod", "chiropodist", "chiropody", "decapod", "gastropod", "hexapod", "isopod", "myriapod", "podiatry", "podium", "pseudopod", "pseudopodium", "rhizopod", "tripod" ], "meaning": "foot", "root": "pod, pode", "origin": "Greek" }, "phon, phono, -phone, -phony": { "synonyms": "son", "class": "root", "example": [ "allophone", "antiphon", "antiphony", "cacophony", "Dictaphone", "dysphonia", "euphonious", "euphony", "geophone", "homophone", "homophonic", "megaphone", "microphone", "phon", "phonate", "phone", "phoneme", "phonemics", "phonetic", "phonetic alphabet", "phonetics", "phonic", "phonics", "phonogram", "phonograph", "phonography", "phonolite", "phonology", "phonon", "phonoscope", "polyphony", "quadraphonic", "stereophonic", "symphony", "telephone", "xylophone" ], "meaning": "sound, voice", "root": "phon, phono, -phone, -phony", "origin": "Greek" }, "soph, -sophy": { "meaning": "wise, wisdom", "class": "root", "root": "soph, -sophy", "example": [ "philosopher", "philosophical", "philosophy", "sophism", "sophist", "sophistic", "sophisticated", "sophistry", "sophomore", "sophomoric", "theosophy" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "o-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "omission", "omit" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "towards; against; away", "root": "o-", "function": "The prefix o-is an assimilated form of ob-.\r\n" }, "du, duo": { "synonyms": "bi-, bin-, di-2, diplo-", "class": "root", "example": [ "dual", "duet", "duo", "duodecimal", "duodecimo", "duodenum", "duologue", "duopoly", "duple", "duplex", "duplicate", "duplicity" ], "meaning": "two", "root": "du, duo", "origin": "Latin" }, "sect": { "meaning": "to cut", "class": "root", "root": "sect", "example": [ "bisect", "dissect", "intersect", "midsection", "resection", "section", "sector", "transect", "trisect", "vivisection" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "intro-": { "meaning": "inward, inside", "class": "prefix", "root": "intro-", "example": [ "introduce", "introit", "intromit", "introrse", "introspect", "introversion", "introvert" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "pseud, pseudo": { "meaning": "false", "class": "root", "root": "pseud, pseudo", "example": [ "pseudocyesis", "pseudonym", "pseudopodium", "pseudoscience" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "myri": { "meaning": "a large number", "class": "root", "root": "myri", "example": [ "myriad", "myriapod" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "cryo": { "meaning": "cold", "class": "root", "root": "cryo", "example": [ "cryogen", "cryogenics", "cryolite", "cryometer", "cryonics", "cryophyte", "cryoscopy", "cryosurgery", "cryotherapy" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "eu": { "antonyms": "mal, male, dys-", "synonyms": "ben, bene, bon", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "eucalyptus", "Eucharist", "eugenics", "euglena", "eulogy", "eupepsia", "euphemism", "euphonious", "euphoria", "euphoric", "euphotic", "euphuism", "eurhythmics", "euthenics", "eutrophic" ], "meaning": "good, well", "root": "eu", "origin": "Greek" }, "de-": { "synonyms": "dis-, un-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "biodegradable", "debase", "debate", "decay", "deceive", "deception", "decide", "decision", "decline", "decode", "decriminalize", "deduct", "defer", "defoliant", "deform", "defy", "degrade", "dehydrate", "deject", "delete", "demagnetize", "demerit", "demoralize", "demote", "depend", "deplete", "deport", "depose", "deprive", "descend", "describe", "description", "desegregate", "design", "designate", "despicable", "despise", "detach", "detect", "detract", "devolve", "indefeasible", "independence", "indescribable", "indestructible" ], "meaning": "from; away from; down from; reverse, negate.", "root": "de-", "origin": "Latin" }, "zo, zoo": { "meaning": "animal, life", "class": "root", "root": "zo, zoo", "example": [ "anthozoan", "Archeozoic", "azoic", "Cenozoic", "epizootic", "holozoic", "hydrozoan", "hylozoism", "Mesozoic", "Paleozoic", "Proterozoic", "protozoan", "saprozoic", "spermatozoon", "zodiac", "zoo", "zoogeography", "zoography", "zooid", "zoology", "zoomorphic", "zoonosis", "zoophagous", "zoophyte", "zooplankton", "zoospore" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "para-": { "meaning": "beside, alongside", "class": "prefix", "root": "para-", "example": [ "parabiosis", "parable", "parabola", "paradigm", "paradox", "paragon", "paragraph", "paralegal", "parallax", "parallel", "parallelism", "parallelogram", "paralysis", "paramedic", "parameter", "paramnesia", "paranoia", "paranormal", "paraphernalia", "paraphrase", "paraplegia", "paraprofessional", "parapsychology", "parasite", "parataxis", "parenchyma", "parenthesis", "parenthetical", "paresis", "parody", "parotid", "parotitis" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "-y1, -ey": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "bony", "bouncy", "chancy", "chewy", "crunchy", "curly", "dirty", "dressy", "fatty", "flowery", "foggy", "funny", "gooey", "guilty", "healthy", "itchy", "jumpy", "kinky", "lucky", "messy", "nosy", "rainy", "rickety", "runny", "salty", "sandy", "shaky", "sleepy", "springy", "summery", "sunny", "wintry", "wobbly", "wiggly" ], "origin": "Old English", "meaning": "characterized by; full of; tending to", "root": "-y1, -ey", "function": "The suffix -y1, -eyattaches to nouns and a few verbs to form adjectives.\r\n" }, "homo, homeo, omal": { "antonyms": "ali, allo, all, hetero", "synonyms": "iso-", "class": "root", "example": [ "anomalous", "anomaly", "homeopathy", "homeostasis", "homoeroticism", "homogeneous", "homogenize", "homogenous", "homograph", "homologous", "homology", "homomorphism", "homonym", "homophile", "homophobia", "homophone", "homophonic", "homopterous", "homosexual" ], "meaning": "one, same", "root": "homo, homeo, omal", "origin": "Greek" }, "cogn, cognit, gnor": { "synonyms": "gnos, gnosis, gnom, -gnomy", "class": "root", "example": [ "cognition", "cognitive", "cognizable", "cognizance", "cognoscente", "ignorance", "ignore", "incognito", "incognizant", "precognition", "recognition", "recognizance", "recognize" ], "meaning": "know, knowledge", "root": "cogn, cognit, gnor", "origin": "Latin" }, "solv, solu, solut": { "meaning": "loosen", "class": "root", "root": "solv, solu, solut", "example": [ "absolute", "absolution", "absolve", "dissolution", "dissolve", "solubility", "soluble", "solute", "solution", "solve", "solvent" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "fort2": { "meaning": "strong", "class": "root", "root": "fort2", "example": [ "effort", "fortification", "fortitude", "fortress" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "vid, vis, -vise": { "meaning": "see", "class": "root", "root": "vid, vis, -vise", "example": [ "envision", "evidence", "evident", "invisible", "provide", "provision", "revise", "television", "video", "visible", "vision", "visionary", "visor", "visual" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "dox, dogma": { "meaning": "opinion, belief", "class": "root", "root": "dox, dogma", "example": [ "dogma", "dogmatic", "dogmatism", "doxology", "heterodox", "heterodoxy", "orthodox", "orthodoxy", "paradox", "unorthodox" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "rub": { "meaning": "red", "class": "root", "root": "rub", "example": [ "rubella", "rubeola", "rubicund", "rubidium", "rubric", "ruby" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "rhin, rhino": { "meaning": "nose", "class": "root", "root": "rhin, rhino", "example": [ "rhinal", "rhinitis", "rhinoceros", "rhinoplasty", "rhinovirus" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "ben, bene, bon": { "antonyms": "mal, male", "synonyms": "eu", "class": "root", "example": [ "benediction", "benefactor", "beneficent", "beneficial", "beneficiary", "benefit", "benevolence", "benevolent", "benign", "bonbon", "bonus", "bounteous", "bountiful", "bounty" ], "meaning": "good, well", "root": "ben, bene, bon", "origin": "Latin" }, "leuk, leuko, leuc, leuco": { "meaning": "white, colorless", "class": "root", "root": "leuk, leuko, leuc, leuco", "example": [ "leukemia", "leukocyte", "leukocytosis", "leukoderma", "leukoma" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "scrib, script": { "meaning": "to write", "class": "root", "root": "scrib, script", "example": [ "ascribe", "ascription", "circumscribe", "conscript", "conscription", "describe", "description", "descriptive", "escritoire", "imprescriptible", "indescribable", "inscribe", "inscription", "manuscript", "nondescript", "oversubscribe", "postscript", "prescribe", "prescript", "prescriptible", "prescription", "prescriptive", "proscribe", "proscription", "rescript", "scribal", "scribble", "scribbler", "scribe1", "scrip", "script", "scriptorium", "scriptural", "Scripture", "scriptwriter", "scrivener", "subscribe", "subscript", "subscription", "superscribe", "superscript", "transcribe", "transcript", "transcriptase", "typescript" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "verb": { "meaning": "word", "class": "root", "root": "verb", "example": [ "adverb", "proverb", "proverbial", "verb", "verbal", "verbalism", "verbalist", "verbalize", "verbatim", "verbiage", "verbose" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "xen, xeno": { "meaning": "foreign", "class": "root", "root": "xen, xeno", "example": [ "xenophobia" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "ornith, ornitho": { "meaning": "bird", "class": "root", "root": "ornith, ornitho", "example": [ "ornithology" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "hyper-": { "antonyms": "hyp-, hypo-, sub-", "synonyms": "super-, supra-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "hyper", "hyperactive", "hyperbola", "Hyperborean", "hypercritical", "hyperextension", "hyperglycemia", "hypermetropia", "hyperopia", "hyperphysical", "hyperplasia", "hypersensitive", "hypertension", "hyperthyroidism", "hypertrophy", "hyperventilation" ], "meaning": "over, beyond, excessive", "root": "hyper-", "origin": "Greek" }, "un-1": { "synonyms": "dis-, de-, in-2", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "unable", "unarmed", "unaware", "unbeaten", "unbelievable", "uncertain", "uncivil", "unclear", "uncomfortable", "uncommon", "unconscious", "unconstitutional", "uncooperative", "undecided", "undue", "unemployed", "uneasy", "unequal", "uneven", "unequivocal", "unexceptionable", "unexceptional", "unfair", "unfamiliar", "unfinished", "unfortunate", "unfriendly", "unhappy", "unhealthy", "unimportant", "uninhabited", "uninterested", "unkempt", "unkind", "unknown", "unlawful", "unlike", "unlimited", "unlucky", "unnatural", "unnecessary", "unorthodox", "unpleasant", "unpopular", "unreliable", "unreasonable", "unsafe", "unsatisfactory", "unstable", "unsteady", "untidy", "untrue", "unusual", "unwell" ], "origin": "Old English", "meaning": "not", "root": "un-1", "function": "The prefix un1attaches to adjectives to create adjectives that mean the opposite of the base word.\r\n" }, "-ite1": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "apposite", "bipartite", "composite", "contrite", "definite", "elite", "erudite", "exquisite", "favorite", "finite", "impolite", "indefinite", "infinite", "opposite", "polite", "requisite" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "in a state or condition (produced by the action denoted by the verb base)", "root": "-ite1", "function": "The suffix -ite1attaches to Latin roots, as most English adjectives ending in -ite1are loanwords from Latin, specifically from past participles of verbs formed with the suffix -itus.\r\n" }, "oto, ot": { "meaning": "ear", "class": "root", "root": "oto, ot", "example": [ "otitis", "otology", "otosclerosis" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "ras, rad, raz": { "meaning": "scrape", "class": "root", "root": "ras, rad, raz", "example": [ "abrade", "abrasion", "abrasive", "erase", "eraser", "rasp", "raze", "razor" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "surg, surr": { "meaning": "rise", "class": "root", "root": "surg, surr", "example": [ "insurgency", "insurgent", "insurrection", "resurgent", "resurrect", "surge" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ate1": { "class": "verb-forming suffix", "example": [ "abbreviate", "abdicate", "abnegate", "accelerate", "accommodate", "accumulate", "activate", "adequate", "adjudicate", "administrate", "administrative", "administrator", "advocate", "aerate", "affiliate", "agglomerate", "agglutinate", "aggravate", "agitate", "alienate", "allocate", "alternate", "animate", "annihilate", "annotate", "arrogate", "aspirate", "assimilate", "associate", "calibrate", "capitulate", "cerebrate", "circulate", "collaborate", "collocate", "commemorate", "complicate", "concentrate", "congregate", "consecrate", "consummate", "cooperate", "coordinate", "decapitate", "decelerate", "decerebrate", "decimate", "dedicate", "dehydrate", "deliberate", "derogate", "desecrate", "dictate", "disintegrate", "dislocate", "dissimulate", "dissociate", "divagate", "domesticate", "dominate", "donate", "duplicate", "educate", "elaborate", "elevate", "elongate", "elucidate", "emasculate", "emigrate", "enervate", "enunciate", "equate", "equivocate", "eradicate", "evacuate", "exasperate", "exfoliate", "expurgate", "fluctuate", "formulate", "generate", "gradate", "graduate", "gyrate", "illuminate", "illustrate", "implicate", "incorporate", "indoctrinate", "innovate", "interpellate", "interrogate", "irradiate", "irrigate", "legislate", "liberate", "locate", "mediate", "motivate", "narrate", "navigate", "negate", "nominate", "obliterate", "operate", "orate", "originate", "ovulate", "palpate", "participate", "placate", "populate", "prognosticate", "proliferate", "radiate", "regulate", "resonate", "rotate", "segregate", "simulate", "subjugate", "terminate", "vacate", "validate", "contraindicate" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "to make, cause, do", "root": "-ate1", "function": "The suffix -ateprimarily forms transitive verbs from Latin bases. Many -ateverbs were loanwords from Latin. Verbs ending in -atecombine with the suffix -ion to form nouns ending in -ation. These verbs also have corresponding agent nouns ending in -ator (navigator, dictator, elevator).\r\n" }, "loc": { "meaning": "place", "class": "root", "root": "loc", "example": [ "allocate", "dislocate", "local", "locale", "localize", "locate", "location", "locus" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "sum-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "summon" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "under, below", "root": "sum-", "function": "The prefix \"sum-\" occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of \"sub-\" used before roots beginning with \"m.\" See sub-" }, "heli, helio": { "synonyms": "sol1", "class": "root", "example": [ "aphelion", "heliocentric", "heliograph", "Helios", "heliotaxis", "heliotrope", "heliotropism", "parhelion", "perihelion", "spectroheliograph" ], "meaning": "sun", "root": "heli, helio", "origin": "Greek" }, "as-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "ascertain", "assent", "assert", "assign", "assist", "assume", "assumption" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "to, toward", "root": "as-", "function": "The prefix as-occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of ad-used before roots beginning with an \"s\" sound, such as \"sent\" and \"cert.\" See ad-.\r\n" }, "phil, philo, -philia, -phile": { "synonyms": "am, ama, amor", "class": "root", "example": [ "anemophilous", "Anglophile", "audiophile", "basophil", "bibliophile", "discophile", "drosophila", "Francophile", "gypsophila", "hemophilia", "homophile", "oenophile", "pedophile", "pedophilia", "philander", "philanthropist", "philanthropy", "philately", "philharmonic", "philodendron", "philogyny", "philology", "philosophe", "philosopher", "philosophy", "philosophical", "philter", "xerophilous" ], "meaning": "love, fondness", "root": "phil, philo, -philia, -phile", "origin": "Greek" }, "pept, peps": { "meaning": "digestion", "class": "root", "root": "pept, peps", "example": [ "dyspepsia", "eupepsia", "pepsin", "peptic", "peptide", "peptone", "polypeptide" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "macro-": { "antonyms": "min, micro-", "synonyms": "magn, magna, magni, maxi, mega, megal, megalo, -megaly", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "macro", "macrobiotic", "macrobiotics", "macrocephaly", "macroclimate", "macrocosm", "macroeconomics", "macroinstruction", "macromolecule", "macron", "macroscopic" ], "meaning": "large, long", "root": "macro-", "origin": "Greek" }, "carp": { "meaning": "fruit", "class": "root", "root": "carp", "example": [ "apocarpous", "carpel", "endocarp", "epicarp", "exocarp", "monocarpic", "pericarp", "polycarpic", "sarcocarp", "schizocarp" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "retro-": { "meaning": "back, backward, behind", "class": "prefix", "root": "retro-", "example": [ "retroactive", "retrocede", "retrofit", "retroflex", "retrograde", "retrogress", "retrorocket", "retrorse", "retrospect" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "lustr": { "meaning": "shine", "class": "root", "root": "lustr", "example": [ "illustrate", "illustration", "illustrious", "lackluster", "luster", "lustrous" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ize, -ise": { "class": "verb-forming suffix", "example": [ "advertise", "aggrandize", "alphabetize", "Americanize", "anesthetize", "anthologize", "baptize", "caramelize", "catechize", "categorize", "centralize", "chastise", "civilize", "conventionalize", "crystallize", "destabilize", "enfranchise", "equalize", "familiarize", "fantasize", "fossilize", "generalize", "harmonize", "immobilize", "immunize", "miniaturize", "monetize", "monopolize", "moralize", "nebulize", "rationalize", "recognize", "revolutionize", "stabilize", "sterilize", "tranquilize", "victimize" ], "origin": "Greek", "meaning": "to turn into or cause to be", "root": "-ize, -ise", "function": "The suffix -ize, -iseforms transitive verbs from adjectives (civilize) and nouns (crystallize). The oldest English verbs ending in -izewere loanwords from Greek (baptize, catechize).\r\n" }, "liber1": { "meaning": "free", "class": "root", "root": "liber1", "example": [ "liberal", "liberate", "libertarian", "libertine", "liberty" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "epi-, eph-, ep-": { "meaning": "on, upon, over; beyond, after, outside", "class": "prefix", "root": "epi-, eph-, ep-", "example": [ "ephemeral", "ephemeris", "epiblast", "epicalyx", "epicanthus", "epicardium", "epicarp", "epicene", "epidemic", "epidermis", "epiglottis", "epigram", "epigraph", "epigraphy", "epigynous", "epilepsy", "epilimnion", "epilogue", "Epiphany", "epiphyte", "episode", "epistemology", "epistle", "epistolary", "epitaph", "epithalamium", "epithelium", "epithet", "epitome", "epizootic", "epoch", "epode", "eponym" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "phag, -phage, -phagy": { "meaning": "eat", "class": "root", "root": "phag, -phage, -phagy", "example": [ "anthropophagy", "bacteriophage", "dysphagia", "esophagus", "euryphagous", "geophagy", "phagocyte", "stenophagous", "zoophagous" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "man, mani, manu, main": { "meaning": "hand", "class": "root", "root": "man, mani, manu, main", "example": [ "amanuensis", "bimanual", "emancipate", "maintain", "maintenance", "manacle", "manage", "manager", "mandate", "maneuver", "manicure", "manifest", "manipulate", "manual", "manufacture", "manumission", "manumit", "manuscript", "mortmain", "quadrumanous" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ics": { "synonyms": "-logy, -ology", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "acoustics", "acrobatics", "aerobatics", "aerobics", "aerodynamics", "aeromechanics", "aeronautics", "aerostatics", "aesthetics", "analytics", "apologetics", "architectonics", "astronautics", "astrophysics", "athletics", "atmospherics", "autonetics", "avionics", "ballistics", "bariatrics", "bioastronautics", "biometrics", "bionics", "biophysics", "calisthenics", "chromatics", "civics", "cliometrics", "cryogenics", "cryonics", "cybernetics", "cytogenetics", "didactics", "dietetics", "dramatics", "dynamics", "econometrics", "economics", "ekistics", "electrodynamics", "electronics", "endodontics", "energetics", "ergonomics", "esthetics", "ethics", "eugenics", "eurhythmics", "euthenics", "genetics", "geophysics", "geopolitics", "geriatrics", "graphics", "gymnastics", "harmonics", "histrionics", "homiletics", "hydraulics", "hydrodynamics", "hydroponics", "hydrostatics", "hydrotherapeutics", "hygienics", "kinematics", "kinesics", "kinetics", "linguistics", "logistics", "macrobiotics", "macroeconomics", "magnetohydrodynamics", "mathematics", "metaphysics", "metrics", "microeconomics", "microelectronics", "mnemonics", "nucleonics", "numismatics", "obstetrics", "onomastics", "optics", "orthodontics", "orthopedics", "pediatrics", "periodontics", "pharmaceutics", "phonemics", "phonetics", "phonics", "photodynamics", "physics", "pneumatics", "poetics", "politics", "proxemics", "psychodynamics", "psycholinguistics", "pyrotechnics", "robotics", "semantics", "semiotics", "statics", "statistics", "supersonics", "syntactics", "tactics", "tectonics", "theatrics", "therapeutics", "thermodynamics", "ultrasonics" ], "meaning": "science, study, or practice of; properties of; practices pertaining to", "root": "-ics", "origin": "Greek" }, "turb": { "meaning": "confusion", "class": "root", "root": "turb", "example": [ "disturb", "disturbance", "imperturbable", "perturb", "turbid", "turbine", "turbo", "turbulence", "turbulent" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "sed, sid, sess": { "meaning": "sit; settle", "class": "root", "root": "sed, sid, sess", "example": [ "dissident", "obsess", "obsession", "obsessive", "preside", "president", "reside", "residue", "sedentary", "sediment", "sedimentary", "sessile", "session" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ation": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "aberration", "acceptation", "accusation", "admiration", "agitation", "aggregation", "alteration", "alternation", "approximation", "celebration", "collaboration", "combination", "communication", "connotation", "conversation", "coronation", "decoration", "devastation", "education", "equation", "exasperation", "imitation", "information", "irrigation", "irritation", "location", "pronunciation", "ratiocination", "reservation", "separation", "transformation", "translation", "constipation", "continuation", "creation", "elevation", "discrimination", "immigration", "evaporation", "vacation" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "the act, process, or result of", "root": "-ation", "function": "The suffix -ationis a compound of -ate1+ -ion. It turns verbs ending in -ate into nouns (decorate/ decoration). Not all nouns with this suffix, however, have a corresponding verb ending in -ate (information, alteration).\r\n" }, "serv2": { "meaning": "slave", "class": "root", "root": "serv2", "example": [ "servant", "service", "servile" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "hexa, hex": { "synonyms": "sex", "class": "root", "example": [ "hexagon", "hexagram", "hexahedron", "hexameter", "hexapod" ], "meaning": "six", "root": "hexa, hex", "origin": "Greek" }, "il-2": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "illegal", "illegible", "illegitimate", "illiberal", "illicit", "illiterate" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "not, without", "root": "il-2", "function": "The prefix il-2occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of in-2used before roots beginning with \"l,\" such as \"leg.\" See in-2" }, "vac": { "meaning": "empty", "class": "root", "root": "vac", "example": [ "evacuate", "vacancy", "vacant", "vacate", "vacation", "vacuous", "vacuum" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "log, logo, -logue": { "class": "root", "example": [ "apologetics", "apologia", "apologue", "catalogue", "Decalogue", "dialogue", "duologue", "epilogue", "horologe", "illogic", "logic", "logical", "logo", "logogriph", "logomachy", "logorrhea", "logotype", "monologue", "neologism", "prologue", "syllogism" ], "origin": "Greek", "meaning": "word, speech, written work", "root": "log, logo, -logue", "function": "See also -logy, -ology, a terminal form of this root.\r\n" }, "iatr, iatri, iatro, -iatry": { "meaning": "medical care, healing", "class": "root", "root": "iatr, iatri, iatro, -iatry", "example": [ "bariatrics", "geriatrics", "gyniatrics", "iatrogenic", "neuropsychiatry", "pediatrician", "pediatrics", "podiatry", "psychiatry" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "mis2, miso": { "meaning": "hate", "class": "root", "root": "mis2, miso", "example": [ "misanthrope", "misanthropy", "misogamy", "misogyny" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "-ly2": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "bodily", "cowardly", "daily", "dastardly", "earthly", "elderly", "friendly", "ghastly", "ghostly", "lively", "lonely", "unfriendly", "heavenly", "hourly", "kingly", "lovely", "monthly", "motherly", "nightly", "orderly", "scholarly", "sickly", "slovenly", "sprightly", "stately", "timely", "worldly" ], "origin": "Old English", "meaning": "like; every (when attached to times)", "root": "-ly2", "function": "The suffix -ly2attaches primarily to native English nouns to form adjectives.\r\n" }, "gress": { "meaning": "to walk, go", "class": "root", "root": "gress", "example": [ "aggress", "aggression", "aggressive", "congress", "digress", "digression", "egress", "ingress", "progress", "progression", "regress", "retrogress", "transgress", "transgression" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "apt, ept": { "meaning": "fit for", "class": "root", "root": "apt, ept", "example": [ "adapt", "adaptation", "apt", "inept" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "doc, doct": { "meaning": "teach", "class": "root", "root": "doc, doct", "example": [ "docent", "docile", "doctor", "doctrinaire", "doctrine", "document", "indoctrinate" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "ortho": { "meaning": "straight, vertical, perpendicular; correct", "class": "root", "root": "ortho", "example": [ "orthoclase", "orthodontics", "orthodontist", "orthodox", "orthoepy", "orthography", "orthopedics", "orthopteran", "unorthodox" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "-ist": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "activist", "artist", "biologist", "Buddhist", "capitalist", "chemist", "communist", "cubist", "cyclist", "dentist", "economist", "environmentalist", "extremist", "fascist", "journalist", "physicist", "pluralistic", "racist", "realist", "scientist", "sexist", "socialist", "theorist" ], "origin": "Greek", "meaning": "person who does or believes in", "root": "-ist", "function": "Many words ending in -isthave a corresponding abstract noun form ending in -ism, and many have a corresponding adjective form ending in -ic (realistic, artistic).\r\n" }, "nov": { "synonyms": "neo", "class": "root", "example": [ "innovate", "innovation", "novel", "novelty", "novice" ], "meaning": "new", "root": "nov", "origin": "Latin" }, "tract": { "meaning": "draw, pull", "class": "root", "root": "tract", "example": [ "abstract", "attract", "attraction", "attractive", "contract", "detract", "distract", "distraction", "extract", "intractable", "protract", "protractor", "retract", "subtract", "subtraction", "tract", "tractable", "traction", "tractor" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "fil1": { "meaning": "son or daughter", "class": "root", "root": "fil1", "example": [ "affiliate", "affiliation", "disaffiliate", "filial" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "anim": { "meaning": "mind, spirit, life", "class": "root", "root": "anim", "example": [ "animadvert", "animal", "animate", "animation", "inanimate", "magnanimity", "pusillanimous", "unanimous" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "don, donat, dat": { "meaning": "give", "class": "root", "root": "don, donat, dat", "example": [ "condone", "data", "dative", "donate", "donation", "donee", "donor", "pardon" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "prob, prov, -prove": { "meaning": "good; test, prove", "class": "root", "root": "prob, prov, -prove", "example": [ "approbation", "approve", "disapprobation", "disapproval", "disapprove", "disprove", "probable", "probably", "probate", "probation", "probity", "reprobate" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "phobia, -phobe, -phobic": { "meaning": "fear, dread", "class": "root", "root": "phobia, -phobe, -phobic", "example": [ "acrophobia", "agoraphobia", "arachnophobia", "claustrophobia", "gynephobia", "homophobia", "hydrophobia", "nyctophobia", "phobia", "phobic", "photophobia", "triskaidekaphobia", "xenophobia" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "-arium, -orium": { "synonyms": "-atory, -ary2", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "aquarium", "auditorium", "cinerarium", "herbarium", "natatorium", "oceanarium", "planetarium", "sanatorium", "sanitarium", "scriptorium", "solarium", "sudatorium", "vivarium" ], "meaning": "a place for", "root": "-arium, -orium", "origin": "Latin" }, "stell": { "synonyms": "astr, aster, astro", "class": "root", "example": [ "constellation", "interstellar", "stellar", "stellate" ], "meaning": "star", "root": "stell", "origin": "Latin" }, "verd": { "synonyms": "chlor, chloro", "class": "root", "example": [ "verdant", "verdigris", "verdure" ], "meaning": "green", "root": "verd", "origin": "Latin" }, "ten, tin, tain": { "meaning": "to hold", "class": "root", "root": "ten, tin, tain", "example": [ "abstain", "abstinence", "appertain", "attain", "contain", "container", "content", "contention", "continent", "continual", "continue", "continuous", "detain", "detention", "impertinent", "incontinent", "lieutenant", "maintain", "maintenance", "obtain", "pertain", "pertinacious", "pertinacity", "pertinent", "retain", "retentive", "retinue", "sustain", "tenable", "tenacious", "tenacity", "tenant", "tenement", "tenet", "tennis", "tenor", "tenure" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "ann, enn": { "meaning": "year, years", "class": "root", "root": "ann, enn", "example": [ "annals", "anniversary", "annual", "annuity", "biannual", "biennial", "centennial", "decennial", "perennial", "quadrennial", "quinquennial", "semiannual", "septennial", "sesquicentennial", "superannuated", "tercentenary", "tricentennial", "triennial", "vicennial" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "ef-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "effect", "efficient", "effluent", "effluvium", "effort", "effusive" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "out, out of, away", "root": "ef-", "function": "The prefix ef-is an assimilated form of the prefix ex-, used before roots beginning with f, such as \"fac\" and \"fus.\" See ex-. " }, "fid": { "meaning": "faith, trust", "class": "root", "root": "fid", "example": [ "confidant", "confide", "confidence", "confident", "fidelity", "fiduciary", "infidel", "infidelity", "perfidious", "perfidy" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ulous": { "meaning": "tending to, characterized by", "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "root": "-ulous", "example": [ "credulous", "edentulous", "incredulous", "ridiculous" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "sex": { "synonyms": "hexa, hex", "class": "root", "example": [ "sexagenarian", "sext", "sextant", "sextet", "sextillion", "sextuple", "sextuplet" ], "meaning": "six", "root": "sex", "origin": "Latin" }, "-iferous": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "argentiferous", "auriferous", "calciferous", "carboniferous", "coniferous", "floriferous", "fructiferous", "luminiferous", "metalliferous", "odoriferous", "pestiferous", "resiniferous", "somniferous", "vociferous" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "producing, bearing, carrying", "root": "-iferous", "function": "See also fer, lat2, -late" }, "cata-": { "meaning": "down; completely, thoroughly; against; according to", "class": "prefix", "root": "cata-", "example": [ "catabolism", "cataclysm", "catafalque", "catalepsy", "catalogue", "catalyst", "cataplasia", "catapult", "cataract", "catarrh", "catastrophe", "catatonia", "catechetical", "catechize", "catechumen", "category", "cathedra", "cathedral", "catheter", "catholic" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "cur2": { "meaning": "to care", "class": "root", "root": "cur2", "example": [ "accuracy", "accurate", "curable", "curative", "curator", "cure", "curiosity", "curious", "incurable", "insecure", "manicure", "pedicure", "secure", "sinecure" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "ov, ovi": { "meaning": "egg", "class": "root", "root": "ov, ovi", "example": [ "oval", "oviduct", "oviform", "oviparous", "ovipositor", "ovoid", "ovulate", "ovule", "ovum" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "var": { "meaning": "different", "class": "root", "root": "var", "example": [ "invariable", "variant", "variegated", "variety", "vary" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "ultra-": { "meaning": "beyond, excessive", "class": "prefix", "root": "ultra-", "example": [ "ultracritical", "ultramodern", "ultrasound", "ultraviolet" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "rrhea, rrhoea, rrhag": { "meaning": "flow, gush, discharge", "class": "root", "root": "rrhea, rrhoea, rrhag", "example": [ "amenorrhea", "catarrh", "diarrhea", "dysmenorrhea", "galactorrhea", "gonorrhea", "hemorrhage", "logorrhea", "pyorrhea" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "nano": { "meaning": "dwarf", "class": "root", "root": "nano", "example": [ "nanometer", "nanosecond" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "derm, derma, dermat, dermato": { "meaning": "skin", "class": "root", "root": "derm, derma, dermat, dermato", "example": [ "dermatitis", "dermatology", "dermatophyte", "dermatosis", "dermis", "echinoderm", "ectoderm", "endoderm", "epidermis", "hypodermic", "hypodermis", "leukoderma", "mesoderm", "pachyderm", "taxidermy" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "leg2, lect1, lig": { "meaning": "gather; choose; read", "class": "root", "root": "leg2, lect1, lig", "example": [ "collect", "elect", "election", "eligibility", "eligible", "illegible", "ineligible", "lectern", "lecture", "legend", "legible", "neglect", "select" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "pecc": { "meaning": "sin", "class": "root", "root": "pecc", "example": [ "impeccable", "peccadillo", "peccant" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "luct": { "meaning": "struggle", "class": "root", "root": "luct", "example": [ "ineluctable", "reluctance", "reluctant" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "ennea": { "meaning": "nine", "class": "root", "root": "ennea", "example": [ "ennead" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "dodeca": { "meaning": "twelve, twelfth", "class": "root", "root": "dodeca", "example": [ "dodecagon", "dodecahedron" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "fem, femin": { "synonyms": "gyn, gyno, gyne, gynec, gyneco", "class": "root", "example": [ "effeminate", "female", "feminine", "feminism", "feminist", "feminize" ], "meaning": "female, woman", "root": "fem, femin", "origin": "Latin" }, "under-": { "synonyms": "sub-, hyp-, hypo-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "underachieve", "underage", "underbrush", "undercharge", "underclothes", "undercoat", "undercover", "undercurrent", "underdeveloped", "underdo", "underdog", "underestimate", "underexpose", "underfeed", "underground", "underling", "underneath", "underpants", "underpass", "underpay", "underrate", "undersea", "undersell", "undershirt", "understand", "understudy", "undertake", "underwater", "underwear" ], "meaning": "below, not enough", "root": "under-", "origin": "Old English" }, "fac, fic, fec, fact, fect": { "class": "root", "example": [ "affect", "affection", "artifice", "artificial", "benefactor", "beneficent", "beneficial", "benefit", "confect", "deficient", "disaffect", "discomfit", "effect", "efficient", "fact", "factory", "fiction", "fictitious", "infect", "malefactor", "manufacture", "orifice", "proficient", "sacrifice", "satisfaction", "satisfactory", "significant", "sufficient" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "make, do", "root": "fac, fic, fec, fact, fect", "function": "This root is also the origin of the suffixes \"-fy, -ify, -efy\" and \"-ification, -efaction\".\r\n" }, "con-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "conceive", "concentrate", "concentric", "conclude", "conclusion", "condone", "conduce", "conducive", "conduct", "conductive", "conduction", "confer", "conference", "confidant", "confide", "confidence", "confident", "confine", "confirm", "conflict", "confluence", "conflux", "conform", "confuse", "confusion", "congener", "congratulate", "congregate", "congress", "conjecture", "conjunct", "conjunction", "conjunctiva", "connect", "connote", "conscript", "conscription", "consign", "consonant", "conspiracy", "constant", "constrain", "construct", "construction", "contact", "contain", "container", "context", "continue", "conversant", "convince", "convict", "conviction", "convivial", "convocation", "convoke", "inconceivable", "inconsonant", "inconspicuous", "connotation", "consequence", "consequent" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "with, together", "root": "con-", "function": "The prefix con-is an assimilated form of com-used before roots beginning with c, d, f, g, j, n, s, t, and v. See com-. Note: con-is frequently an intensive prefix, as in \"conceive.\"\r\n" }, "trib": { "meaning": "grant; allot", "class": "root", "root": "trib", "example": [ "attribute", "attribution", "attributive", "contribute", "contribution", "retribution", "tributary", "tribute" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "ir-1": { "meaning": "in, into, on", "class": "prefix", "root": "ir-1", "example": [ "irradiate", "irrigate", "irrupt" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "port": { "meaning": "carry", "class": "root", "root": "port", "example": [ "comportment", "deport", "deportation", "deportment", "disport", "export", "import", "important", "port", "portable", "portage", "portal", "portamento", "portcullis", "porter", "portfolio", "portiere", "portly", "rapport", "report", "reportage", "reporter", "support", "transport", "transportation", "unimportant", "unsupportable" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "pug, pugn": { "meaning": "fight", "class": "root", "root": "pug, pugn", "example": [ "impugn", "pugilist", "pugnacious", "repugnant" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "pol, polit, polis": { "meaning": "city, citizen", "class": "root", "root": "pol, polit, polis", "example": [ "acropolis", "apolitical", "cosmopolitan", "impolitic", "metropolis", "metropolitan", "necropolis", "police", "policy", "politic", "political", "politician", "politics" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "-ably, -ibly": { "class": "adverb-forming suffix", "example": [ "considerably", "inevitably", "possibly", "probably", "terribly" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "in the manner or way indicated by the adjective", "root": "-ably, -ibly", "function": "Adjectives with the suffix -able or -ible are turned into adverbs by dropping the final e and adding -ly1.\r\n" }, "-ary2": { "meaning": "a person, thing, or place associated with", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "root": "-ary2", "example": [ "adversary", "apiary", "aviary", "beneficiary", "commissary", "depositary", "dictionary", "emissary", "formulary", "infirmary", "library", "luminary", "mortuary", "secretary", "syllabary", "vespiary", "vestiary", "vocabulary" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "en-2, em-2": { "synonyms": "in-1, intro-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "embolism", "embryo", "encephalon", "encyclopedia", "endemic", "energy", "entropy", "parenthesis", "parenthetical" ], "meaning": "in, into, inside", "root": "en-2, em-2", "origin": "Greek" }, "troph, tropho, -trophy": { "meaning": "nourishment", "class": "root", "root": "troph, tropho, -trophy", "example": [ "atrophy", "dystrophy", "eutrophic", "hypertrophy", "muscular dystrophy", "trophic", "trophoblast" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "in-1": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "incise", "incision", "incisor", "include", "incursion", "infarct", "infect", "influence", "influx", "inform", "information", "inhere", "inherent", "inhibit", "innate", "inscribe", "inscription", "inspect", "inspector", "inter" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "in, into, on", "root": "in-1", "function": "The prefix in-1occurs in Latin loanwords and thus attaches to Latin roots (infect, inscribe). -in1has multiple forms, as the \"n\" sound in in-assimilates to the initial sound of the base to which it is attached. See the assimilated forms il-1, im-1, and ir-1.\r\n" }, "phot, photo": { "synonyms": "luc, lum", "class": "root", "example": [ "euphotic", "microphotograph", "photochromic", "photodynamics", "photoelectric", "photogenic", "photograph", "photography", "photolithography", "photolysis", "photometer", "photometry", "photomicrograph", "photon", "photophobia", "photopia", "photoreceptor", "photosensitive", "photosphere", "photosynthesis", "phototaxis", "phototropism", "photovoltaic cell", "telephoto", "telephotography" ], "meaning": "light", "root": "phot, photo", "origin": "Greek" }, "-eer": { "meaning": "one who does or is related to", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "root": "-eer", "example": [ "auctioneer", "balladeer", "buccaneer", "cameleer", "carbineer", "charioteer", "engineer", "mutineer", "volunteer" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "ag-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "agglomerate", "agglutinate", "aggrandize", "aggravate", "aggregate", "aggregation", "aggress", "aggression", "aggressive", "aggrieve" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "to, toward", "root": "ag-", "function": "The prefix ag-occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of ad-used before roots beginning with \"g.\" See ad-.\r\n" }, "iso-": { "antonyms": "ali, allo, all, hetero", "synonyms": "homo, homeo, omal", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "isoagglutination", "isobar", "isochronal", "isocline", "isodynamic", "isogamete", "isogenous", "isogonic", "isomer", "isomerous", "isometric", "isomorphic", "isopod", "isosceles", "isotherm", "isothermal", "isotonic", "isotope", "isotropic", "radioisotope" ], "meaning": "equal, same", "root": "iso-", "origin": "Greek" }, "mon": { "meaning": "advise, warn", "class": "root", "root": "mon", "example": [ "admonish", "admonition", "monitor", "premonition" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "non, nona": { "meaning": "nine", "class": "root", "root": "non, nona", "example": [ "nonagenarian", "nonagon", "nonet", "nonillion" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "chron, chrono": { "synonyms": "temp1, tempor", "class": "root", "example": [ "anachronism", "chronic", "chronicle", "chronograph", "chronological", "chronology", "chronometer", "diachronic", "geochronology", "isochronal", "synchromesh", "synchronize", "synchronous", "synchroscope" ], "meaning": "time", "root": "chron, chrono", "origin": "Greek" }, "cerebr, cerebro": { "meaning": "brain", "class": "root", "root": "cerebr, cerebro", "example": [ "cerebellum", "cerebral", "cerebral palsy", "cerebrate", "cerebrospinal", "cerebrum", "decerebrate" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "pyr, pyro": { "meaning": "fire, heat, fever", "class": "root", "root": "pyr, pyro", "example": [ "antipyretic", "chalcopyrite", "pyre", "pyretic", "Pyrex", "pyrite", "pyroelectricity", "pyrography", "pyrolysis", "pyromania", "pyrometer", "pyrophoric", "pyrotechnics", "pyroxylin" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "dont, odont, odonto, -odon": { "meaning": "tooth, teeth", "class": "root", "root": "dont, odont, odonto, -odon", "example": [ "endodontics", "iguanodon", "mastodon", "odontology", "orthodontics", "orthodontist", "periodontal", "periodontics" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "libra, liber2": { "meaning": "balance, weight", "class": "root", "root": "libra, liber2", "example": [ "deliberate", "equilibrant", "equilibrate", "equilibrium" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "semi-, demi-": { "synonyms": "hemi-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "demigod", "demimonde", "demisemiquaver", "demitasse", "hemidemisemiquaver", "semiannual", "semiaquatic", "semicircle", "semicolon", "semiconductor", "semiconscious", "semifinal", "semiliterate", "semimonthly", "semipermeable", "semiprecious", "semipro", "semiprofessional", "semiquaver", "semiskilled", "semitone", "semivowel", "semiweekly", "semiyearly" ], "meaning": "half, partly", "root": "semi-, demi-", "origin": "Latin" }, "phyl": { "meaning": "race, type", "class": "root", "root": "phyl", "example": [ "phylogeny", "phylum" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "at-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "attach", "attain", "attend", "attendance", "attention", "attest", "attract", "attractive" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "to, toward", "root": "at-", "function": "The prefix at-occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of ad-used before roots beginning with \"t,\" such as \"tract\" and \"ten, tin, tain.\" See ad-.\r\n" }, "grav": { "meaning": "heavy", "class": "root", "root": "grav", "example": [ "aggravate", "grave2", "gravimetric", "gravitas", "gravity" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "ir-2": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "irrefragable", "irrefutable", "irregular", "irremissible", "irreparable", "irrespective", "irresponsible", "irreverent", "irreversible", "irrevocable" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "not, without", "root": "ir-2", "function": "The prefix ir-2occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of in-2used before base words that begin with 'r.' See in-2" }, "junct": { "meaning": "join", "class": "root", "root": "junct", "example": [ "adjunct", "conjunct", "conjunction", "conjunctiva", "conjunctivitis", "injunction", "junction", "juncture", "subjunctive", "thermojunction" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "andr, andro": { "meaning": "man, male", "class": "root", "root": "andr, andro", "example": [ "androecium", "androgen", "androgynous", "android", "androsterone", "gynandromorph", "monandry", "philander", "polyandry" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "il-1": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "illuminate", "illumine", "illusion", "illustrate" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "in, into, on", "root": "il-1", "function": "The prefix il-1occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of in-1used before roots beginning with \"l,\" such as \"lum.\"\r\n" }, "psych, psycho": { "meaning": "mind, soul, mental process", "class": "root", "root": "psych, psycho", "example": [ "metempsychosis", "neuropsychiatry", "parapsychology", "psyche", "psychedelic", "psychiatrist", "psychiatry", "psychic", "psychoactive", "psychoanalysis", "psychobiology", "psychodynamics", "psychogenesis", "psychogenic", "psychokinesis", "psycholinguistics", "psychological", "psychology", "psychoneurosis", "psychopath", "psychopathology", "psychopathy", "psychopharmacology", "psychosexual", "psychosis", "psychosocial", "psychotherapy", "psychotropic", "psycho", "psych", "psychosomatic" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "es-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "escape", "escort" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "out, out of, away", "root": "es-", "function": "The prefix es-is an assimilated form of the prefix ex-, used before roots beginning with a hard \"c\". See ex-.\r\n" }, "bi-, bin-": { "synonyms": "du, duo, di-2, diplo-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "biannual", "biathlon", "biaxial", "bicameral", "bicentennial", "biceps", "bichloride", "biconcave", "biconvex", "bicuspid", "bicycle", "bidentate", "biennial", "bifid", "bifocal", "bifurcate", "bigamy", "bilabial", "bilateral", "bilingual", "billion", "bilobate", "bimanual", "binary", "binaural", "binocular", "binomial", "bipartisan", "bipartite", "biped", "biplane", "bipolar", "biracial", "bisect", "bisexual", "bivalent", "biweekly", "biyearly" ], "meaning": "two, twice, double", "root": "bi-, bin-", "origin": "Latin" }, "lachrym": { "meaning": "tears", "class": "root", "root": "lachrym", "example": [ "lachrymal", "lachrymose" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "ver": { "meaning": "truth", "class": "root", "root": "ver", "example": [ "aver", "inveracity", "veracious", "veracity", "verdict", "veridical", "verify", "verisimilitude", "verity" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "intra-": { "meaning": "within, inside", "class": "prefix", "root": "intra-", "example": [ "intracellular", "intramural", "intrastate", "intrauterine", "intravenous" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "struct": { "meaning": "build", "class": "root", "root": "struct", "example": [ "construct", "construction", "destroy", "destruction", "destructive", "indestructible", "instruct", "instruction", "instructor", "obstruct", "structure" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "necr, necro": { "synonyms": "mort", "class": "root", "example": [ "necrology", "necromancy", "necropolis", "necrosis" ], "meaning": "dead; death", "root": "necr, necro", "origin": "Greek" }, "it, itiner": { "meaning": "journey, road", "class": "root", "root": "it, itiner", "example": [ "adit", "ambient", "ambition", "ambitious", "circuit", "circuitous", "exit", "itinerant", "itinerary", "sedition" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "mob, mot, mov": { "meaning": "move", "class": "root", "root": "mob, mot, mov", "example": [ "automobile", "commotion", "demote", "emote", "emotion", "immobile", "immovable", "locomotion", "mobile", "motivate", "motivation", "motive", "motor", "movement", "nonmotile", "remote", "remove", "unmotivated", "unmoved" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "vor": { "meaning": "to eat", "class": "root", "root": "vor", "example": [ "carnivore", "carnivorous", "granivorous", "herbivore", "herbivorous", "insectivore", "insectivorous", "omnivore", "omnivorous", "piscivorous", "voracious" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ment": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "adjustment", "advertisement", "agreement", "announcement", "annulment", "armament", "arrangement", "commandment", "commitment", "compartment", "complement", "compliment", "comportment", "department", "deportment", "document", "emolument", "employment", "entertainment", "fragment", "government", "impediment", "improvement", "indictment", "investment", "judgment", "measurement", "movement", "pediment", "regiment", "sacrament", "sediment", "sentiment", "tenement", "vestment" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "act, process, or instance of", "root": "-ment", "function": "The suffix -mentattaches to Latin verb roots (e.g., doc, reg, sed) or to English verbs of Latin origin to form nouns.\r\n" }, "ac, acr, acer": { "meaning": "sharp, bitter, sour", "class": "root", "root": "ac, acr, acer", "example": [ "acerbic", "acerbity", "acid", "acidic", "acidulate", "acidulous", "acrid", "acrimony", "acuity", "acupuncture", "acute" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "sub-": { "antonyms": "super-, supra-, hyper-", "synonyms": "hyp-, hypo-, under-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "subaqueous", "subcategory", "subclass", "subcompact", "subconscious", "subcontract", "subcontractor", "subdivide", "subdivision", "subgroup", "subject", "subjugate", "sublease", "submarine", "submerge", "subordinate", "subscribe", "subscript", "subscription", "substandard", "subterranean", "subtopic", "subversive", "subway" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "under, after", "root": "sub-", "function": "The prefix sub-was a Latin preposition and prefix and occurs in English in Latin loanwords, such as subjugate. It is also used in the formation of English words such as subwayand subgroup. It has multiple forms, as the 'b' sound in sub-assimilates to the initial sound of the base to which it is attached. See the assimilated forms suc-, suf-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, and su-.\r\n" }, "-ty, -ity, -uity, -eity": { "meaning": "state or quality of being", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "root": "-ty, -ity, -uity, -eity", "example": [ "abnormality", "ambiguity", "amity", "annuity", "asperity", "authenticity", "bestiality", "brutality", "constitutionality", "credulity", "dignity", "divinity", "duplicity", "elasticity", "enormity", "extremity", "fealty", "finality", "hostility", "humility", "incredulity", "ingenuity", "liberty", "loyalty", "majority", "minority", "plenty", "promiscuity", "prosperity", "versatility" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "arthr, arthro": { "meaning": "joint", "class": "root", "root": "arthr, arthro", "example": [ "arthralgia", "arthritis", "arthropod", "arthroscope" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "cor2, cour2, cord": { "synonyms": "cardi, cardio", "class": "root", "example": [ "accord", "accordion", "concord", "concordance", "cordate", "cordial", "courage", "discord", "discourage", "encourage", "record" ], "meaning": "heart", "root": "cor2, cour2, cord", "origin": "Latin" }, "onomas, onomat": { "synonyms": "nom1, nomin, nomen, onym", "class": "root", "example": [ "antonomasia", "onomastic", "onomastics", "onomatopoeia" ], "meaning": "name", "root": "onomas, onomat", "origin": "Greek" }, "lud, lus": { "meaning": "to play", "class": "root", "root": "lud, lus", "example": [ "allude", "collude", "delude", "disillusion", "elude", "illusion", "illusive", "interlude", "ludicrous", "postlude", "prelude", "prolusion", "delusion", "allusive", "elusive" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "arch, archi, arche (archae), archeo, (archaeo), -arch, -archy": { "synonyms": "prim, princ, prot, proto", "class": "root", "example": [ "anarchy", "archaeology", "archaic", "archaism", "archangel", "archbishop", "archdiocese", "archduke", "archegonium", "archenemy", "archenteron", "archeology", "Archeozoic", "archetype", "archfiend", "archipelago", "architect", "architectonics", "archon", "autarchy", "heptarchy", "hierarchy", "matriarch", "monarch", "monarchy", "oligarchy", "patriarch", "tetrarch", "tetrarchy" ], "meaning": "first in rank or time", "root": "arch, archi, arche (archae), archeo, (archaeo), -arch, -archy", "origin": "Greek" }, "super-, supra-, sur-2": { "antonyms": "sub-, hyp-, hypo-", "synonyms": "hyper-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "insuperable", "superable", "superannuated", "superfluous", "superimpose", "supernatural", "superscript", "supersede", "superstructure", "supervise", "supervisor", "supranational", "supraorbital", "surmount", "surplus", "surprise", "surreal", "survey", "survival", "survive", "survivor" ], "meaning": "above, over", "root": "super-, supra-, sur-2", "origin": "Latin" }, "poly": { "synonyms": "multi-", "class": "root", "example": [ "polyandry", "polyanthus", "polycarpic", "polycentrism", "polyclinic", "polydipsia", "polygamy", "polygenism", "polyglot", "polygon", "polygraph", "polygyny", "polyhedron", "polymath", "polymer", "polymorphic", "polynomial", "polypeptide", "polypetalous", "polyphony", "polysaccharide", "polysyllable", "polytechnic", "polytheism", "polyunsaturated", "polyvalent" ], "meaning": "many", "root": "poly", "origin": "Greek" }, "entero": { "meaning": "intestine", "class": "root", "root": "entero", "example": [ "enteritis", "enterostomy", "gastroenteritis" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "viv, vivi, vit": { "meaning": "life, living, live", "class": "root", "root": "viv, vivi, vit", "example": [ "aquavit", "arborvitae", "avitaminosis", "convivial", "devitalize", "inter vivos", "joie de vivre", "modus vivendi", "qui vive", "redivivus", "revitalize", "revive", "survival", "survive", "survivor", "viable", "vital", "vital signs", "vital statistics", "vitalism", "vitality", "vitamin", "viva", "viva voce", "vivace", "vivacious", "vivarium", "vive", "vivid", "vivify", "vivisection" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "urb": { "meaning": "city", "class": "root", "root": "urb", "example": [ "conurbation", "suburb", "suburban", "suburbia", "urban" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "memor, member, membr": { "synonyms": "mne, mnes, mnest", "class": "root", "example": [ "commemorate", "commemorative", "immemorial", "memorandum", "memorial", "memory", "remember", "remembrance" ], "meaning": "memory", "root": "memor, member, membr", "origin": "Latin" }, "mon, mono": { "meaning": "one, single, alone", "class": "root", "root": "mon, mono", "example": [ "monad", "monandry", "monarch", "monarchy", "monastery", "monaural", "monaxial", "monk", "monocarpic", "monochord", "monochromatic", "monochrome", "monocle", "monocline", "monoclinous", "monocular", "monody", "monoecious", "monogamy", "monogenesis", "monogenism", "monogram", "monograph", "monolingual", "monolith", "monologue", "monomania", "monomer", "monomial", "monomorphic", "mononuclear", "mononucleosis", "monoplane", "monopoly", "monopsony", "monorail", "monosaccharide", "monostich", "monosyllabic", "monotheism", "monotone", "monotonous", "monotreme", "monotypic", "monoxide" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "ante-": { "antonyms": "post-", "synonyms": "pro-2, pre-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "ancestry", "antebellum", "antecede", "antecedent", "antechamber", "antedate", "antediluvian", "antepenult", "antepenultimate", "anterior", "anteroom", "anticipate" ], "meaning": "before", "root": "ante-", "origin": "Latin" }, "e-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "ebullient", "edentulous", "edict", "educate", "educe", "egregious", "egress", "ejaculate", "eject", "elaborate", "elate", "elect", "elicit", "elide", "eligible", "elite", "elocution", "elongate", "eloquence", "eloquent", "elucidate", "elude", "emaciate", "emancipate", "emasculate", "emend", "emerge", "emergency", "emigrate", "eminent", "emissary", "emit", "emollient", "emolument", "emulsion", "enervate", "enormity", "enormous", "enumerate", "enunciate", "eradicate", "erase", "erode", "eruct", "erudite", "erupt", "evacuate", "evade", "evaluate", "evanesce", "event", "eventuate", "evert", "evict", "evident", "evocative", "evoke", "evolution", "evolve", "ineluctable", "ineradicable" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "out, out of, away", "root": "e-", "function": "The prefix e-is an assimilated form of ex-used before roots beginning with certain consonants (b d, g, j, l, m, n, r, v). See ex-.\r\n" }, "term": { "meaning": "end, boundary", "class": "root", "root": "term", "example": [ "coterminous", "determine", "exterminate", "interminable", "terminal", "terminate", "termination", "terminus" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ful2": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "bellyful", "cupful", "earful", "eyeful", "handful", "mouthful", "pocketful", "spoonful", "tablespoonful", "teaspoonful" ], "origin": "Old English", "meaning": "an amount that fills", "root": "-ful2", "function": "The suffix -ful2attaches to native English nouns denoting containers to form amount nouns.\r\n" }, "duc, duct": { "meaning": "lead; draw along", "class": "root", "root": "duc, duct", "example": [ "abduct", "adduce", "aqueduct", "conduce", "conducive", "conduct", "deduce", "deduct", "duce", "duct", "ductile", "educate", "educe", "induce", "induct", "introduce", "oviduct", "produce", "reduce", "seduce", "traduce", "viaduct" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "nom2, nomo, -nomy": { "meaning": "law, system of laws", "class": "root", "root": "nom2, nomo, -nomy", "example": [ "agronomy", "anomie", "astronomical", "astronomy", "autonomic", "autonomic nervous system", "autonomous", "autonomy", "Deuteronomy", "econometrics", "economics", "economist", "economy", "ergonomics", "gastronomy", "macroeconomics", "microeconomics", "socioeconomic", "taxonomy" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "hyp-, hypo-": { "antonyms": "hyper-, super-, supra-", "synonyms": "sub-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "hyphen", "hypoblast", "hypochlorous acid", "hypochondria", "hypochondrium", "hypocotyl", "hypodermic", "hypodermis", "hypoglycemia", "hypogynous", "hypolimnion", "hypophysis", "hypoplasia", "hypostasis", "hypotension", "hypotenuse", "hypothalamus", "hypothermia", "hypothesis", "hypothetical", "hypothyroidism" ], "meaning": "under, below, less", "root": "hyp-, hypo-", "origin": "Greek" }, "im-2": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "imbalance", "immaculate", "immaterial", "immature", "immediate", "immiscible", "immobile", "immodest", "immortal", "immovable", "immune", "immutable", "impalpable", "impartial", "impassable", "impatient", "impeccable", "impecunious", "impenitent", "imperfect", "impermeable", "impermissible", "impersonal", "imperturbable", "impervious", "implacable", "implausible", "impolite", "imponderable", "impossible", "impotent", "impregnable", "improper", "impropriety", "improvise", "imprudent", "impudent", "impunity", "impure" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "not, without", "root": "im-2", "function": "The prefix im-2occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of in-2used before roots beginning with the letter \"m,\" \"p,\" and \"b.\" See in-2.\r\n" }, "aud, audit, audio": { "meaning": "hear", "class": "root", "root": "aud, audit, audio", "example": [ "audible", "audience", "audio", "audiology", "audiovisual", "audit", "audition", "auditor", "auditorium", "auditory", "inaudible" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "vad, vas": { "meaning": "to go", "class": "root", "root": "vad, vas", "example": [ "evade", "evasive", "invade", "pervade", "pervasive" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "lat1": { "meaning": "side", "class": "root", "root": "lat1", "example": [ "bilateral", "collateral", "equilateral", "lateral", "quadrilateral", "unilateral" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "via": { "meaning": "way", "class": "root", "root": "via", "example": [ "deviation", "viaduct" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "idio": { "meaning": "particular or personal to; distinct", "class": "root", "root": "idio", "example": [ "idiolect", "idiom", "idiomatic", "idiopathy", "idiosyncrasy", "idiot" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "lex, lect2": { "meaning": "speak, speech, word", "class": "root", "root": "lex, lect2", "example": [ "alexia", "analects", "dialect", "dialectic", "dyslexia", "idiolect", "lexical", "lexicography", "lexicon" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "com-": { "synonyms": "syn-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "accomplish", "combat", "combine", "commerce", "commercial", "commingle", "commission", "commissioner", "commit", "comparison", "complex", "comport", "comprehend", "incomprehensible", "command", "commemorate", "commute", "compare", "compel", "complacent", "complete", "complement", "complicate", "compliment", "compose", "component", "compound1", "compulsory", "compulsive", "computer", "compute" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "with, together", "root": "com-", "function": "The prefix com-attaches to Latin bases beginning with m, p, or b. It has multiple forms, as the \u6181' sound in com-assimilates to the initial sound of the base to which it is attached. See the assimilated forms col-, con-, cor-, and co-. Note: com-is frequently an intensive prefix, as in \"commemorate\" and \"command.\"\r\n" }, "gnos, gnosis, gnom, -gnomy": { "synonyms": "cogn, cognit, gnor", "class": "root", "example": [ "agnostic", "diagnose", "diagnosis", "gnome2", "gnomon", "gnosis", "gnostic", "gnosticism", "pharmacognosy", "physiognomy", "prognosis", "prognostic", "prognosticate" ], "meaning": "know, knowledge", "root": "gnos, gnosis, gnom, -gnomy", "origin": "Greek" }, "anth, antho": { "meaning": "flower", "class": "root", "root": "anth, antho", "example": [ "amaranth", "anther", "antheridium", "anthology", "anthozoan", "chrysanthemum", "dianthus", "perianth", "polyanthus" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "ac-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "accede", "accelerate", "accent", "accept", "acceptable", "acceptance", "acceptation", "access", "accessible", "accession", "accident", "accidental", "acclaim", "acclamation", "accommodate", "accompany", "accomplice", "accomplish", "accord", "account", "accredit", "accrual", "accumulate", "accuracy", "accurate", "accuse", "accustom", "acquaint", "acquire", "acquit" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "to, toward", "root": "ac-", "function": "The prefix ac-occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of ad-used before Latin roots beginning with hard or soft \"c\" or \"q.\" See ad-.\r\n" }, "cis, cid1, -cide": { "meaning": "to cut, to kill", "class": "root", "root": "cis, cid1, -cide", "example": [ "bactericide", "concise", "decide", "decision", "decisive", "ecocide", "excise", "fratricide", "fungicide", "genocide", "germicide", "herbicide", "homicide", "incision", "incisive", "incisor", "infanticide", "insecticide", "matricide", "parricide", "patricide", "precise", "precision", "regicide", "suicide", "tyrannicide", "vermicide" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ure": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "acupuncture", "adventure", "agriculture", "aquaculture", "armature", "capture", "closure", "composure", "conjecture", "debenture", "denture", "disclosure", "displeasure", "enclosure", "enrapture", "erasure", "exposure", "failure", "figure", "fixture", "fracture", "indenture", "juncture", "lecture", "legislature", "literature", "manufacture", "miniature", "nomenclature", "picture", "posture", "pressure", "primogeniture", "procedure", "rapture", "rupture", "Scripture", "seizure", "stricture", "structure", "superstructure", "tenure", "texture", "torture", "verdure" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "act or process of", "root": "-ure", "function": "The suffix -ureattaches to Latin verb roots and English verbs.\r\n" }, "tort": { "meaning": "twist", "class": "root", "root": "tort", "example": [ "contort", "contortion", "contortionist", "distort", "extort", "retort", "tortoise", "torture", "torturous" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "lith, litho, -lite, -lithic": { "meaning": "mineral, rock, stone, fossil", "class": "root", "root": "lith, litho, -lite, -lithic", "example": [ "aerolite", "chromolithography", "chrysolite", "cryolite", "eolithic", "granolith", "laccolith", "lithograph", "lithography", "lithology", "lithosphere", "lithotomy", "megalith", "Mesolithic", "monolith", "monolithic", "neolithic", "oolite", "paleolithic", "phonolite", "pisolite", "rhodolite", "rhyolite", "stromatolite", "zeolite" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "op-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "opponent", "opposable", "oppose", "opposite", "oppress", "oppugn" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "towards; against; away", "root": "op-", "function": "The prefix op-is an assimilated form of ob-used before roots beginning with \"p,\" such as \"pos.\" See ob-.\r\n" }, "cur1, curr, cor1, corr, curs, cour1, cours": { "meaning": "to run", "class": "root", "root": "cur1, curr, cor1, corr, curs, cour1, cours", "example": [ "concourse", "concur", "concurrent", "corral", "corridor", "corsair", "courier", "course", "courser", "currency", "current", "curriculum", "cursive", "cursory", "discourse", "excursion", "incur", "incursion", "intercourse", "occur", "occurrence", "precursor", "recourse", "recur" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "tra-, trans-": { "meaning": "across, over, to the other side", "class": "prefix", "root": "tra-, trans-", "example": [ "intransigent", "intransitive", "neurotransmitter", "traduce", "trajectory", "transact", "transatlantic", "transceiver", "transcend", "transcendent", "transcribe", "transcript", "transect", "transept", "transfer", "transfigure", "transfix", "transform", "transfuse", "transgress", "transient", "transit", "transition", "transitive", "translate", "transliterate", "translucent", "transmissible", "transmit", "transmute", "transonic", "transparent", "transpire", "transplant", "transport", "transpose", "transsexual", "transuranic", "transverse", "transvestite", "traverse" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-able, -ible, -ble": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "acceptable", "accessible", "admissible", "adorable", "amiable", "amicable", "audible", "avoidable", "believable", "bearable", "biodegradable", "capable", "calculable", "cognizable", "comparable", "compatible", "comprehensible", "conformable", "conversable", "convertible", "corrigible", "credible", "creditable", "curable", "dependable", "despicable", "disagreeable", "disposable", "divisible", "eligible", "explicable", "flammable", "flexible", "illegible", "illimitable", "imaginable", "immiscible", "immovable", "immutable", "impalpable", "impassable", "impeccable", "impermeable", "impermissible", "imperturbable", "implacable", "implausible", "imponderable", "impossible", "impregnable", "inalienable", "inaudible", "incapable", "incalculable", "incommunicable", "incomprehensible", "inconceivable", "detectable", "conceivable", "incorrigible", "incredible", "incurable", "indefeasible", "indelible", "indescribable", "indestructible", "indivisible", "indomitable", "ineligible", "ineluctable", "ineradicable", "inescapable", "inevitable", "inexorable", "inexpiable", "inexplicable", "infallible", "inhospitable", "inimitable", "inscrutable", "inseparable", "insuperable", "intangible", "interminable", "intractable", "invaluable", "invariable", "invincible", "invisible", "irrefragable", "irrefutable", "irremissible", "irreparable", "irreversible", "irrevocable", "legible", "likable", "lovable", "manageable", "measurable", "movable", "navigable", "notable", "opposable", "palpable", "perishable", "permissible", "placable", "portable", "possible", "potable", "predictable", "preferable", "prescriptible", "recognizable", "remissible", "reprehensible", "reversible", "risible", "semipermeable", "sensible", "superable", "susceptible", "tangible", "tenable", "tolerable", "tractable", "transmissible", "unsupportable", "usable", "viable", "visible", "washable", "affordable", "allowable", "reliable", "remarkable", "approachable", "disputable", "drinkable", "durable", "eatable", "renewable", "sustainable", "unshakable" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "capable of being, doing, or undergoing", "root": "-able, -ible, -ble", "function": "The suffix -able, and its variants, is attached to Latin verb roots or English transitive verbs to form adjectives. (In a small set of cases, -ableis attached to a noun, e.g. knowledgeable and marriageable.) For spelling purposes, it is useful to know that -ableis more likely to be added to a whole English word (comparable, adorable), while -ibleis more likely to follow a bound root (visible, legible). However,there are still many words which combine a root with -able(capable, inevitable). The suffix -ity can be added to any adjective ending in -able, -ible, -bleto produce a corresponding noun ending in -ability, -ibility, -bility (possible+ -ity > possibility; irrevocable+ -ity > irrevocability.)\r\n" }, "ig-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "ignoble", "ignominy" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "not, without", "root": "ig-", "function": "The prefix ig-occurs in Latin loanwords and in words formed using Latin roots. It is an assimilated form of in-2used before roots beginning with \"n,\" such as \"nom.\" See in-2.\r\n" }, "sacr, sacri, secr": { "meaning": "holy", "class": "root", "root": "sacr, sacri, secr", "example": [ "consecrate", "desecrate", "sacrament", "sacred", "sacrifice", "sacrilegious" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-osis": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "antibiosis", "arteriosclerosis", "autohypnosis", "chlorosis", "cyanosis", "dermatosis", "fibrosis", "hypnosis", "necrosis", "neurosis", "osteoporosis", "psychosis", "sclerosis", "symbiosis", "thrombosis", "trichinosis", "tuberculosis", "zoonosis" ], "origin": "Greek", "meaning": "condition (usually medical) ", "root": "-osis", "function": "The suffix -osisattaches to Greek roots. Many nouns ending in \"-osis\" have a corresponding adjective form ending in -otic (neurosis: neurotic).\r\n" }, "acro": { "meaning": "high, extremity, tip", "class": "root", "root": "acro", "example": [ "acrobat", "acrobatics", "acrogen", "acromegaly", "acronym", "acrophobia", "acropolis", "acrostic" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "mort": { "synonyms": "necr, necro", "class": "root", "example": [ "amortize", "immortal", "immortality", "mortal", "mortality", "mortgage", "mortician", "mortify", "mortmain", "mortuary", "postmortem" ], "meaning": "death", "root": "mort", "origin": "Latin" }, "pris, -prise, prehens, -prehend": { "meaning": "take, grasp", "class": "root", "root": "pris, -prise, prehens, -prehend", "example": [ "apprehend", "apprehensive", "comprehend", "comprehensive", "comprise", "enterprise", "incomprehensible", "misprision", "prehensile", "reprehend", "reprehensible", "reprisal", "surprise" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "horr, hor": { "meaning": "tremble, bristle (as with fear)", "class": "root", "root": "horr, hor", "example": [ "abhor", "abhorrent", "horrid", "horrify", "horror" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "crani, cranio": { "meaning": "skull, cranium", "class": "root", "root": "crani, cranio", "example": [ "cranial", "craniate", "craniology", "craniometry", "craniotomy", "cranium", "pericranium" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "non-": { "meaning": "not", "class": "prefix", "root": "non-", "example": [ "noncombatant", "noncommittal", "nonconformist", "nondairy", "nonembedded", "nonentity", "nonessential", "nonfiction", "nonprofit", "nonsense" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "quer, ques, quir, quis, quest": { "meaning": "ask, seek", "class": "root", "root": "quer, ques, quir, quis, quest", "example": [ "acquire", "acquisitive", "inquest", "inquire", "inquiry", "inquisition", "inquisitive", "query", "quest", "question", "request", "require", "requisite" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-arian": { "meaning": "one believing in; one associated with; one having (age)", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "root": "-arian", "example": [ "agrarian", "antiquarian", "authoritarian", "centenarian", "disciplinarian", "libertarian", "librarian", "nonagenarian", "octogenarian", "septuagenarian" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "with-": { "meaning": "back, away", "class": "prefix", "root": "with-", "example": [ "withdraw", "withhold", "within", "without", "withstand" ], "origin": "Old English" }, "cap2, capit, cipit": { "meaning": "head", "class": "root", "root": "cap2, capit, cipit", "example": [ "cap a pie", "capital", "capitalism", "capitalist", "capitalistic", "capitalization", "capitalize", "capitally", "capitation", "capitulate", "capitulation", "capo", "captain", "decapitate", "incipient", "overcapitalize", "precipitate", "precipitation", "precipitous", "recapitalize", "recapitulate", "recapitulation", "undercapitalize" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "bat": { "meaning": "beat", "class": "root", "root": "bat", "example": [ "abate", "batter1", "battle", "combat" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "ana-": { "meaning": "up; against; back", "class": "prefix", "root": "ana-", "example": [ "Anabaptist", "anabatic", "anabiosis", "anabolism", "anachronism", "anadromous", "anagram", "analects", "analogy", "analysis", "analyst", "analytics", "analyze", "anapest", "anaphora", "anastomosis", "anastrophe", "anathema", "anatomy", "psychoanalysis" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "ab-, abs-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "abbreviate", "abbreviation", "abdicate", "abduct", "aberrant", "aberration", "abhor", "abject", "abjure", "ablate", "ablation", "abnormal", "abolish", "aborigine", "abrade", "abrasion", "abrasive", "abrupt", "abscond", "absence", "absent", "absolute", "absolve", "absorb", "abstain", "abstract", "abnegate", "abuse", "abusive" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "from, away from", "root": "ab-, abs-", "function": "Most words containing the prefix ab-, abs-are Latin loanwords, so the bases are Latin roots. ab-becomes abs-before bases beginning with \"t,\" such as \"tract.\"\r\n" }, "err": { "meaning": "error, wander", "class": "root", "root": "err", "example": [ "aberrant", "aberration", "err", "errand", "erratic", "erroneous", "error", "knight-errant" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "plic, plex, ply": { "meaning": "fold, plait", "class": "root", "root": "plic, plex, ply", "example": [ "accomplice", "applicant", "apply", "complex", "complicate", "display", "duplex", "duplicate", "explicable", "explicate", "implicate", "implication", "imply", "inexplicable", "multiplication", "multiply1", "perplex" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ability, -ibility, -bility, -ubility": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "accountability", "capability", "eligibility", "immobility", "instability", "irritability", "reliability", "respectability", "sensibility", "solubility", "stability", "volubility" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "ability to do, be, or undergo", "root": "-ability, -ibility, -bility, -ubility", "function": "All adjectives ending in \"-able,\" \"-ible,\" \"-uble\" and \"-ble\" can combine with the suffix \"-ity\" to form nouns ending in -ability, -ibility, -ubility, or -bility.\r\n" }, "fort1": { "meaning": "luck, chance", "class": "root", "root": "fort1", "example": [ "fortuitous", "fortuity", "fortunate", "fortune", "misfortune", "unfortunate" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "tax, taxo": { "meaning": "arrangement, order", "class": "root", "root": "tax, taxo", "example": [ "ataxia", "geotaxis", "heliotaxis", "parataxis", "phototaxis", "phyllotaxy", "stereotaxis", "syntax", "tactics", "taxeme", "taxidermy", "taxis", "taxonomy" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "hemi-": { "synonyms": "semi-, demi-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "hemidemisemiquaver", "hemihedral", "hemihydrate", "hemiparasite", "hemiplegia", "hemisphere", "hemistich" ], "meaning": "half, partly", "root": "hemi-", "origin": "Greek" }, "serv1": { "meaning": "save, keep", "class": "root", "root": "serv1", "example": [ "conserve", "preserve", "reservation", "reserve", "reservoir" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "sum, summ": { "meaning": "highest", "class": "root", "root": "sum, summ", "example": [ "consummate", "consummation", "sum", "summary", "summation", "summit" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "a-3": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "amass", "abate", "ascend", "ascribe", "aspect", "aspirate", "aspire" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "to, toward", "root": "a-3", "function": "The prefix a-3occurs in Latin and Old French loanwords. It is an assimilated form of ad-, which, in Latin loanwords, is used before roots beginning with \"s\" and another consonant, such as \"spect\" and \"scrib.\" See ad-.\r\n" }, "path, patho, -pathic, -pathy": { "meaning": "suffer, feel; disease", "class": "root", "root": "path, patho, -pathic, -pathy", "example": [ "allopath", "allopathy", "antipathy", "empathy", "pathology", "pathos", "sympathy" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "af-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "affect", "affection", "afferent", "affiance", "affiliate", "affinity", "affirm", "affix", "afflatus", "afflict", "affliction", "affluent", "affront", "disaffect" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "to, toward", "root": "af-", "function": "The prefix af-occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of ad-used before roots beginning with \"f,\" such as fil1and fix. See ad-.\r\n" }, "matr, matri, mater": { "synonyms": "patr, patri, pater", "class": "root", "example": [ "maternal", "maternity", "matriarch", "matricide", "matriculate", "matrilineal", "matrimony", "matrix", "matron" ], "meaning": "mother", "root": "matr, matri, mater", "origin": "Latin" }, "carn, carni": { "meaning": "flesh, body", "class": "root", "root": "carn, carni", "example": [ "carnage", "carnal", "carnation", "carnelian", "carnival", "carnivore", "carnivorous", "carrion", "incarnadine", "incarnate", "incarnation", "reincarnation" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "agogue, agog, agogy": { "meaning": "leader", "class": "root", "root": "agogue, agog, agogy", "example": [ "demagogue", "demagoguery", "isagoge", "pedagogue", "pedagogy", "synagogue" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "lun, luni, luna": { "meaning": "moon", "class": "root", "root": "lun, luni, luna", "example": [ "circumlunar", "cislunar", "lunacy", "lunar", "lunar eclipse", "lunate", "lunatic", "lunisolar", "lunitidal", "sublunary", "superlunary" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "imag": { "meaning": "likeness", "class": "root", "root": "imag", "example": [ "image", "imagery", "imaginary", "imaginative", "imagine" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "hetero": { "antonyms": "homo, homeo, omal, iso-", "synonyms": "ali, allo, all", "class": "root", "example": [ "heterocyclic", "heterodox", "heterodoxy", "heterogamete", "heterogamous", "heterogeneous", "heterogynous", "heteronym", "heteroplasty", "heterosexual" ], "meaning": "different, other", "root": "hetero", "origin": "Greek" }, "ocul": { "synonyms": "ops", "class": "root", "example": [ "binocular", "monocle", "monocular", "ocular", "oculist" ], "meaning": "eye", "root": "ocul", "origin": "Latin" }, "rog, rogat": { "meaning": "ask", "class": "root", "root": "rog, rogat", "example": [ "arrogance", "arrogant", "arrogate", "derogate", "derogatory", "interrogate", "interrogation", "interrogative", "prerogative", "surrogate" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "my, myo": { "meaning": "muscle", "class": "root", "root": "my, myo", "example": [ "myocardiograph", "myocardium" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "sym-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "asymmetry", "asymptote", "symbiosis", "symbol", "symbology", "symmetry", "sympathize", "sympathy", "symphony", "symphysis", "symposium", "symptom", "symptomatology", "syzygy" ], "origin": "Greek", "meaning": "with, together with", "root": "sym-", "function": "The prefix sym-occurs in Greek loanwords and hence attaches to Greek bases. It is an assimilated form of syn-used before roots beginning with b, p, and m, such as \"bio, bi, -be\", \"path, patho, -pathic, -pathy\", and \"metr, -meter, -metry\". See syn-and its other assimilated forms syl-and sys-.\r\n" }, "ax": { "meaning": "axis", "class": "root", "root": "ax", "example": [ "axial", "axiology", "axis", "axle", "axon", "biaxial", "coaxial", "monaxial", "uniaxial" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "gyn, gyno, gyne, gynec, gyneco": { "synonyms": "fem, femin", "class": "root", "example": [ "androgynous", "epigynous", "gynandromorph", "gynecocracy", "gynecologist", "gynecology", "gynephobia", "gyniatrics", "gynoecium", "gynophore", "heterogynous", "hypogynous", "misogyny", "perigynous", "polygyny" ], "meaning": "woman, female", "root": "gyn, gyno, gyne, gynec, gyneco", "origin": "Greek" }, "veni, vent, ven, -vene": { "meaning": "to come", "class": "root", "root": "veni, vent, ven, -vene", "example": [ "advent", "avenue", "contravene", "convene", "convent", "convention", "conventional", "event", "eventual", "intervene", "intervention", "invent", "prevent", "supervene", "venue" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "bio, bi, -be": { "meaning": "life, living, living things", "class": "root", "root": "bio, bi, -be", "example": [ "abiogenesis", "abiotic", "aerobatics", "aerobe", "aerobic", "aerobics", "aerobiology", "agrobiology", "amphibian", "amphibious", "anabiosis", "anaerobe", "anaerobic", "antibiosis", "autobiography", "bioastronautics", "biochemistry", "biocide", "biodegradable", "bioengineering", "biofeedback", "biogeography", "biography", "biohazard", "biological", "biology", "bioluminescence", "biomass", "biomedicine", "biometrics", "bionics", "biophysics", "biopsy", "biorhythm", "biosphere", "biotic", "biotin", "exobiology", "macrobiotics", "microbe", "microbiology", "molecular biology", "parabiosis", "psychobiology", "radiobiology", "sociobiology", "symbiosis" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "neg": { "meaning": "no", "class": "root", "root": "neg", "example": [ "abnegate", "negation", "negative", "renege" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "cephal, cephalo, encephal, encephalo": { "meaning": "head, brain", "class": "root", "root": "cephal, cephalo, encephal, encephalo", "example": [ "brachycephalic", "cephalic", "cephalic index", "cephalopod", "cephalothorax", "dicephalous", "dolichocephalic", "electroencephalograph", "encephalitis", "encephalon", "hydrocephalus", "macrocephaly", "mesencephalon", "metencephalon", "microcephaly", "oxycephaly", "rhombencephalon", "telencephalon" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "ar-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "arraign", "arrange", "arrangement", "arrest", "arrival", "arrive", "arrogance", "arrogant", "arrogate" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "to, toward", "root": "ar-", "function": "The prefix ar-occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of ad-used before roots beginning with \"r,\" such as \"rang.\" See ad-.\r\n" }, "mechan": { "meaning": "machine; means", "class": "root", "root": "mechan", "example": [ "mechanic", "mechanical", "mechanism", "mechanize" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "maxi": { "antonyms": "min, micro-", "synonyms": "magn, magna, magni, mega, megal, megalo, -megaly, macro-", "class": "root", "example": [ "maxim", "maximize", "maximum" ], "meaning": "largest", "root": "maxi", "origin": "Latin" }, "put, putat": { "meaning": "trim; count; reckon or suppose", "class": "root", "root": "put, putat", "example": [ "amputate", "computation", "compute", "computer", "depute", "deputy", "dispute", "disreputable", "impute", "putative", "reputation", "repute" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ly1": { "class": "adverb-forming suffix", "example": [ "actively", "apparently", "briefly", "clearly" ], "origin": "Old English", "meaning": "in such a way or manner", "root": "-ly1", "function": "The suffix -ly1turns adjectives into adverbs. It attaches to most English adjectives to form legitimate words. However, adjectives derived from identical nouns (yellow, chocolate) will generally sound nonsensical.\r\n" }, "mal, male": { "antonyms": "ben, bene, bon", "class": "root", "example": [ "dismal", "maladjusted", "maladminister", "maladroit", "malady", "malaise", "malapropism", "malapropos", "malaria", "malcontent", "malediction", "malefaction", "malefactor", "malefic", "maleficence", "maleficent", "malevolent", "malfeasance", "malformation", "malfunction", "malice", "malicious", "malign", "malignant", "malinger", "malnutrition", "malocclusion", "malodorous", "malpractice", "malversation" ], "meaning": "bad, evil, ill", "root": "mal, male", "origin": "Latin" }, "leg1": { "meaning": "law", "class": "root", "root": "leg1", "example": [ "illegal", "illegitimate", "legal", "legalize", "legislate", "legislator", "legislature", "legitimate", "legitimize" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "spect, spec, spic, spectro": { "meaning": "to see, look, watch", "class": "root", "root": "spect, spec, spic, spectro", "example": [ "aspect", "auspicious", "circumspect", "conspectus", "conspicuous", "despicable", "despise", "expectation", "inauspicious", "inconspicuous", "inspect", "inspector", "introspect", "introspective", "irrespective", "perspective", "perspicacious", "perspicuous", "prospect", "prospective", "prospectus", "respect", "respective", "retrospect", "retrospective", "special", "species", "specific", "specify", "specimen", "specious", "spectacle", "spectacular", "spectator", "specter", "spectrograph", "spectrometer", "spectroscope", "spectrum", "speculate", "speculum", "suspect", "suspicious" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "labor, laborat, lab": { "synonyms": "oper", "class": "root", "example": [ "belabor", "collaborate", "elaborate", "labor", "laboratory", "laborer", "laborious" ], "meaning": "to work", "root": "labor, laborat, lab", "origin": "Latin" }, "therm, thermo": { "meaning": "heat, temperature", "class": "root", "root": "therm, thermo", "example": [ "diathermy", "endothermic", "eurytherm", "exothermic", "geothermal", "hypothermia", "isotherm", "isothermal", "stenotherm", "thermal", "thermic", "thermistor", "thermocline", "thermocouple", "thermodynamics", "thermoelectricity", "thermograph", "thermojunction", "thermometer", "thermonuclear", "thermoplastic", "thermoregulation", "thermos", "thermosetting", "thermosphere", "thermostat", "thermotropism" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "reg, rect, rig1": { "meaning": "king, rule, guide; straight", "class": "root", "root": "reg, rect, rig1", "example": [ "correct", "corrigible", "direct", "direction", "director", "dirigible", "erect", "incorrigible", "irregular", "rectangle", "rectify", "rectitude", "rector", "regal", "regalia", "regent", "regicide", "regime", "regimen", "regiment", "region", "regular", "regulate", "regulation" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "dendr, dendro, dendri, -dendron": { "meaning": "tree", "class": "root", "root": "dendr, dendro, dendri, -dendron", "example": [ "dendrite", "dendrology", "philodendron", "rhododendron" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "fric": { "meaning": "rub", "class": "root", "root": "fric", "example": [ "dentifrice", "fricative", "friction" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "se-": { "meaning": "away, aside, apart", "class": "prefix", "root": "se-", "example": [ "secede", "seclude", "sedition", "seduce", "select", "separate" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ive, -ative": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "abrasive", "abusive", "accumulative", "activate", "active", "actively", "activist", "administrative", "affirmative", "aggressive", "alternative", "attractive", "captive", "cognitive", "combative", "conclusive", "curative", "cursive", "dative", "derisive", "divisive", "effusive", "emotive", "exclusive", "expensive", "figurative", "fixative", "formative", "fricative", "fugitive", "imperative", "incisive", "inclusive", "infinitive", "interactive", "laxative", "native", "normative", "objective", "permissive", "productive", "protective", "quantitative", "relative", "restive", "subjective" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "tending to, connected with, or performing", "root": "-ive, -ative", "function": "The suffix -ive, -ativeturns Latinate verb bases into adjectives. Many adjectives ending in -ive, -ativehave corresponding noun forms ending in -ity (objective, objectivity) or -ion (effusive, effusion).\r\n" }, "exo-": { "synonyms": "ec, ect, ecto, ex-, extr-, extra-, exter-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "exobiology", "exocarp", "exogamy", "exophthalmos", "exoskeleton" ], "meaning": "outer, outside", "root": "exo-", "origin": "Greek" }, "oste, osteo": { "meaning": "bone", "class": "root", "root": "oste, osteo", "example": [ "osteitis", "osteoblast", "osteology", "osteoma", "osteomalacia", "osteomyelitis", "osteopathy", "osteoporosis", "osteotomy", "periosteum" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "radic, radix": { "meaning": "root", "class": "root", "root": "radic, radix", "example": [ "eradicate", "ineradicable", "radical", "radical sign", "radicand", "radicle", "radish" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "par1": { "meaning": "equal", "class": "root", "root": "par1", "example": [ "comparable", "comparative", "compare", "comparison", "disparity", "incomparable", "parity", "paronymous" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "of-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "offend", "official" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "towards; against; away", "root": "of-", "function": "The prefix of-is an assimilated form of ob-used before roots beginning with \"f.\" See ob-.\r\n" }, "nat, nas": { "meaning": "birth; born", "class": "root", "root": "nat, nas", "example": [ "innate", "nascent", "natal", "nation", "national", "nationality", "native", "nativity", "prenatal", "renascent" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "temp1, tempor": { "synonyms": "chron, chrono", "class": "root", "example": [ "contemporary", "contretemps", "extemporaneous", "tempest", "tempestuous", "tempo", "temporal", "temporary" ], "meaning": "time", "root": "temp1, tempor", "origin": "Latin" }, "-cy": { "meaning": "state of or quality of", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "root": "-cy", "example": [ "accuracy", "bankruptcy", "conspiracy", "obstinacy", "piracy", "secrecy" ], "origin": "Latin and Greek" }, "libr": { "meaning": "book", "class": "root", "root": "libr", "example": [ "libel", "librarian", "library", "libretto" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "proto, prot": { "synonyms": "prim, princ, arch, archi, arche (archae), archeo, (archaeo), -arch, -archy", "class": "root", "example": [ "protagonist", "protein", "Proterozoic", "protocol", "protohuman", "proton", "protoplasm", "prototype", "protozoan" ], "meaning": "first, original, primitive", "root": "proto, prot", "origin": "Greek" }, "dyn, dyna, dynam, dynamo": { "meaning": "power, energy, strength", "class": "root", "root": "dyn, dyna, dynam, dynamo", "example": [ "aerodynamics", "dynamic", "dynamics", "dynamism", "dynamite", "dynamo", "dynamoelectric", "dynamometer", "dynamotor", "dyne", "electrodynamics", "heterodyne", "isodynamic", "magnetohydrodynamics", "photodynamics", "psychodynamics", "thermodynamics" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "vic": { "meaning": "in place of", "class": "root", "root": "vic", "example": [ "vicar", "vicarious", "vice president", "viceroy" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ant, -ent": { "class": "adjective- and noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "aberrant", "accident", "accidental", "adherent", "adjacent", "affluent", "agent", "alterant", "ambient", "antecedent", "applicant", "arrogant", "benevolent", "coherent", "combatant", "complacent", "confidant", "confident", "consequent", "consultant", "continent", "conversant", "current", "defoliant", "dependent", "different", "disinfectant", "dissonant", "dominant", "efficient", "eloquent", "equilibrant", "exorbitant", "extravagant", "fluent", "hydrant", "ignorant", "important", "inadvertent", "incessant", "incognizant", "inconsonant", "indignant", "informant", "itinerant", "malevolent", "miscreant", "parent", "participant", "patient", "precedent", "predominant", "president", "prudent", "pungent", "recreant", "reluctant", "repugnant", "resident", "resonant", "servant", "significant", "student", "tenant", "transcendent", "vacant", "vagrant", "variant", "verdant" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "(in adjectives) doing the action denoted by the verb root; (in nouns) one who or that which does the action denoted by the verb root.", "root": "-ant, -ent", "function": "The suffix -ant, -entforms adjectives and, to a much lesser extent, nouns from Latin verb stems such as fid in confidentand stud in student. This suffix is the equivalent in Latin of the \"-ing\" inflection in English. Many adjectives ending in -ant, -enthave a corresponding noun ending in -ance, -ence, -ancy, -ency.\r\n" }, "pac": { "antonyms": "bell, belli", "class": "root", "example": [ "pacifier", "pacifist", "pacify", "pact" ], "meaning": "peace", "root": "pac", "origin": "Latin" }, "anti-": { "meaning": "against, opposed", "class": "prefix", "root": "anti-", "example": [ "antibacterial", "antibiosis", "anticlimactic", "anticlimax", "anticrime", "antinuclear", "antipathy", "antipyretic", "antislavery", "antisocial", "antiwar" ], "origin": "Latin and Greek" }, "min": { "antonyms": "magn, magna, magni, maxi, mega, megal, megalo, -megaly, macro-", "synonyms": "micro-", "class": "root", "example": [ "diminish", "diminution", "diminutive", "mince", "mini", "miniature", "minim", "minimal", "minimize", "minimum", "minion", "minor", "minority", "minuend", "minuet", "minus", "minuscule", "minute1", "minutia" ], "meaning": "small; make smaller", "root": "min", "origin": "Latin" }, "cap1, cip, capt, cept, -ceive, -ceit": { "meaning": "to take, catch", "class": "root", "root": "cap1, cip, capt, cept, -ceive, -ceit", "example": [ "accept", "acceptable", "acceptance", "capability", "capable", "capacious", "capacity", "captive", "capture", "conceive", "concept", "deceive", "deception", "deceptive", "except", "exception", "incapable", "inconceivable", "intercept", "participant", "participate", "perceive", "perceptive", "percipient", "precept", "receive", "reception", "recipient", "susceptible" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "an-2": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "annex", "annihilate", "annotate", "announce", "announcement", "annul", "annulment" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "to, toward", "root": "an-2", "function": "The prefix an-occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of ad-used before roots beginning with the letter \"n,\" such as \"nul\" and \"not.\" See ad-.\r\n" }, "merge, mers": { "meaning": "sink, dip, dive", "class": "root", "root": "merge, mers", "example": [ "emerge", "emergency", "immerse", "immersion", "merge", "merger", "submerge", "submerse" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "vers, vert": { "meaning": "to turn; to be occupied with", "class": "root", "root": "vers, vert", "example": [ "adversary", "adversative", "adverse", "adversity", "advert", "advertent", "advertise", "advertisement", "animadversion", "animadvert", "anniversary", "averse", "aversion", "avert", "controversial", "controversy", "controvert", "conversable", "conversant", "conversation", "converse1", "convert", "converter", "convertible", "covert", "divers", "diverse", "diversify", "diversion", "diversity", "divert", "divorce", "eversion", "evert", "extraversion", "extroversion", "extrovert", "inadvertence", "inadvertent", "intervertebral", "introversion", "introvert", "inverse", "inversion", "invert", "invertebrate", "inverter", "irreversible", "malversation", "obverse", "perverse", "perversion", "perversity", "pervert", "reconvert", "revers", "reversal", "reverse", "reversible", "reversion", "revert", "subversion", "subvert", "tergiversate", "transversal", "transverse", "traverse", "universalism", "universality", "universe", "university", "versatile", "versatility", "verse", "versicle", "version", "verso", "versus", "vertebral", "vertebrate", "vertex", "vertical", "verticil", "vertiginous", "vice versa", "vortex" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "greg": { "meaning": "flock, gathering", "class": "root", "root": "greg", "example": [ "aggregate", "aggregation", "congregate", "congregation", "egregious", "gregarious", "segregate", "segregation" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "flect, flex": { "meaning": "bend", "class": "root", "root": "flect, flex", "example": [ "deflect", "flexible", "flexion", "flexor", "flexuous", "genuflect", "inflect", "reflect", "reflection", "reflex" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "fig": { "meaning": "form", "class": "root", "root": "fig", "example": [ "configuration", "configure", "disfigure", "effigy", "figment", "figurative", "figure", "figurine", "prefigure", "transfigure" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "hydr, hydro": { "synonyms": "aqu, aqua", "class": "root", "example": [ "anhydride", "carbohydrate", "dehydrate", "dehydrogenate", "hydra", "Hydra", "hydrangea", "hydrant", "hydraulic", "hydraulics", "hydrazine", "hydric", "hydride", "hydrocarbon", "hydrocephalus", "hydrocyanic acid", "hydrodynamics", "hydroelectric", "hydrofluoric acid", "hydrofoil", "hydrogen", "hydrography", "hydroid", "hydrolysis", "hydrometer", "hydropathy", "hydrophobia", "hydrophyte", "hydroplane", "hydroponics", "hydrosphere", "hydrostatics", "hydrotherapeutics", "hydrotherapy", "hydrotropism", "hydrous", "hydroxide", "hydrozoan", "magnetohydrodynamics", "oxyhydrogen" ], "meaning": "water, hydrogen, liquid", "root": "hydr, hydro", "origin": "Greek" }, "gen, gener": { "meaning": "birth, origin, race, kind", "class": "root", "root": "gen, gener", "example": [ "abiogenesis", "acrogen", "androgen", "anthropogenesis", "congenital", "degenerate", "disingenuous", "eugenics", "gender", "gene", "genealogy", "general", "generalization", "generate", "generation", "generator", "generatrix", "generic", "generous", "genesis", "genetic", "genius", "genocide", "genteel", "gentleman", "gentry", "genuine", "hydrogen", "indigenous", "ingenious", "ontogeny", "oxygen", "polygenism", "progeny" ], "origin": "Latin and Greek" }, "trit": { "meaning": "friction, wearing away", "class": "root", "root": "trit", "example": [ "attrition", "contrite", "contrition", "detritus" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ful1": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "awful", "beautiful", "boastful", "careful", "cheerful", "colorful", "deceitful", "delightful", "disgraceful", "disrespectful", "doubtful", "dutiful", "faithful", "fearful", "flavorful", "fruitful", "gleeful", "graceful", "harmful", "helpful", "hopeful", "insightful", "joyful", "meaningful", "merciful", "mournful", "painful", "peaceful", "plentiful", "powerful", "prayerful", "purposeful", "regretful", "resentful", "resourceful", "respectful", "scornful", "skillful", "sorrowful", "stressful", "successful", "tactful", "tasteful", "tearful", "thankful", "thoughtful", "trustful", "uneventful", "unmerciful", "wasteful", "useful" ], "origin": "Old English", "meaning": "full of", "root": "-ful1", "function": "The suffix -ful1attaches to native English nouns to form adjectives.\r\n" }, "void": { "meaning": "empty", "class": "root", "root": "void", "example": [ "avoid", "devoid", "void" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "mit, mis1, mitt, miss, -mise": { "meaning": "send, let go", "class": "root", "root": "mit, mis1, mitt, miss, -mise", "example": [ "admissible", "admission", "admit", "admittance", "admittedly", "commissar", "commissariat", "commissary", "commission", "commissioner", "commit", "commitment", "committed", "committee", "compromise", "demise", "dismiss", "dismissal", "emissary", "emission", "emit", "impermissible", "intermit", "intromit", "irremissible", "manumit", "missal", "missile", "missilery", "mission", "missionary", "missive", "omit", "permissible", "permission", "permissive", "permit", "premise", "pretermit", "promise", "promisee", "promising", "promisor", "promissory note", "recommit", "remiss", "remissible", "remission", "remit", "remittal", "remittance", "remittent", "submission", "submissive", "submit", "surmise", "transmissible", "transmission", "transmit", "transmitter", "uncommitted", "uncompromising", "unremitting" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "per-": { "meaning": "through, throughout; very", "class": "prefix", "root": "per-", "example": [ "impermeable", "impermissible", "imperturbable", "impervious", "parvenu", "perambulate", "perceive", "perception", "percolate", "perennial", "perfect", "perfidy", "perfoliate", "perforate", "perform", "perfunctory", "perjury", "permanent", "permeate", "permissible", "permission", "permit", "permute", "pernicious", "perorate", "perpetual", "perplex", "persecute", "persevere", "persist", "persistent", "perspective", "perspicacious", "perspicuous", "perspire", "persuade", "persuasion", "persuasive", "pertinacious", "perturb", "peruse", "pervade", "perverse", "pervert", "pervious", "semipermeable" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "icon, icono": { "meaning": "image", "class": "root", "root": "icon, icono", "example": [ "emoticon", "icon", "iconoclast", "iconography", "iconology" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "-ose1": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "adipose", "bellicose", "grandiose", "jocose", "lachrymose", "morose", "otiose", "pilose", "plumose", "ramose", "spinose", "varicose", "verbose" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "having many or much of; tending toward", "root": "-ose1", "function": "Adjectives ending in -ose1were borrowed as whole words from Latin, where the suffix was -osus. The suffix -ose1is therefore always attached to a bound Latin root. Most adjectives ending in -ose1have a corresponding noun form ending in -ity (verbose: verbosity). See -osity.\r\n" }, "cumul": { "meaning": "heap", "class": "root", "root": "cumul", "example": [ "accumulate", "accumulation", "accumulative", "accumulator", "altocumulus", "cumulative", "cumulus" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ization": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "capitalization", "civilization", "generalization" ], "origin": "Latin and Greek", "meaning": "act, fact, or process of", "root": "-ization", "function": "The suffix -izationturns verbs ending in -ize into nouns\r\n" }, "bell, belli": { "synonyms": "pac", "class": "root", "example": [ "antebellum", "bellicose", "belligerency", "belligerent", "cobelligerent", "postbellum", "rebel", "rebellion", "rebellious" ], "meaning": "war", "root": "bell, belli", "origin": "Latin" }, "-like": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "businesslike", "childlike", "clocklike", "godlike", "ladylike", "warlike", "workmanlike" ], "origin": "Old English", "meaning": "similar to, in the manner of", "root": "-like", "function": "The suffix -likeattaches primarily to English nouns to form adjectives.\r\n" }, "cent, centi": { "meaning": "hundred, hundreth", "class": "root", "root": "cent, centi", "example": [ "bicentennial", "cent", "cental", "centavo", "centenarian", "centennial", "centesimal", "centesimo", "centigrade", "centigram", "centiliter", "centime", "centimeter", "centimo", "centipede", "centurion", "century", "percent", "percentage", "percentile", "quattrocento", "sesquicentennial", "tercentenary", "tricentennial" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-aceous": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "amylaceous", "argillaceous", "bulbaceous", "capillaceous", "carbonaceous", "cretaceous", "farinaceous", "foliaceous", "furfuraceous", "gallinaceous", "herbaceous", "pinaceous", "rosaceous", "saponaceous", "sebaceous", "setaceous", "vinaceous" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "resembling, related to, made of, or, in biological science, belonging to (a taxonomic class)", "root": "-aceous", "function": "The suffix -aceousoccurs in adjectives that are Latin loanwords, and hence attaches to Latin noun roots. Words ending in -aceousare often formal and used in biological science. These scientific adjectives ending in -aceoushave corresponding nouns ending in -aceae (plants) and -acea (animals), which are names for taxonomic families.\r\n" }, "ont, onto": { "meaning": "being, existence", "class": "root", "root": "ont, onto", "example": [ "ontic", "ontogeny", "ontology", "paleontology" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "poss, pot": { "meaning": "able; power", "class": "root", "root": "poss, pot", "example": [ "impossible", "impotent", "omnipotent", "possible", "potency", "potent", "potential", "potentiometer" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "flat": { "meaning": "blow, puff", "class": "root", "root": "flat", "example": [ "afflatus", "deflate", "deflation", "flatulent", "inflate", "inflation" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "act, ag": { "meaning": "do, drive", "class": "root", "root": "act, ag", "example": [ "action", "activate", "active", "actively", "activist", "activity", "actor", "actress", "actual", "agency", "agenda", "agent", "agile", "agitate", "enact", "hyperactive", "interact", "interaction", "interactive", "radioactive", "react", "reaction", "reactor", "reagent", "retroactive", "transact", "transaction" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "hab, hib": { "meaning": "hold, have", "class": "root", "root": "hab, hib", "example": [ "exhibit", "habit", "habitat", "habitual", "inhabit", "inhibit", "prohibit" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "laps": { "meaning": "slip, fall back", "class": "root", "root": "laps", "example": [ "collapse", "elapse", "lapse", "prolapse", "relapse" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "plas, plast, plasm, -plasty": { "meaning": "mold, form; growth", "class": "root", "root": "plas, plast, plasm, -plasty", "example": [ "aplastic anemia", "cataplasia", "ceroplastic", "chloroplast", "cytoplasm", "dysplasia", "ectoplasm", "endoplasm", "heteroplasty", "hyperplasia", "hypoplasia", "neoplasm", "plasma", "plasmagene", "plasmapheresis", "plasmid", "plasmin", "plasmolysis", "plaster", "plastic", "plasticizer", "plastid", "protoplasm", "rhinoplasty", "somatoplasm", "thermoplastic", "trophoplasm" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "-ary1": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "alimentary", "cautionary", "complimentary", "contemporary", "discretionary", "elementary", "evolutionary", "exemplary", "expeditionary", "extraordinary", "fiduciary", "fragmentary", "honorary", "involuntary", "legendary", "literary", "momentary", "primary", "revolutionary", "sanitary", "sedentary", "sedimentary", "solitary", "stationary", "sublunary", "superlunary", "temporary", "voluntary" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "like, of, related to", "root": "-ary1", "function": "The suffix -ary1attaches to Latin roots (e.g., primary, literary) and to nouns (e.g., cautionary, fragmentary), forming adjectives.\r\n" }, "im-1": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "imbibe", "imbue", "immerse", "immigrate", "impel", "implicate", "imply", "import", "important", "impose", "imposing" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "in, into, on", "root": "im-1", "function": "The prefix im-1occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of in-1used before roots beginning with m, p, and b, such as \"mers,\" \"port,\" and \"bib.\"\r\n" }, "not": { "meaning": "mark", "class": "root", "root": "not", "example": [ "annotate", "connotation", "connote", "denotation", "denote", "notable", "notarize", "notary", "notation", "notice" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "dic, dict": { "meaning": "speak, declare", "class": "root", "root": "dic, dict", "example": [ "abdicate", "addict", "addiction", "benediction", "contradict", "contradiction", "contradictory", "contraindicate", "dedicate", "dictaphone", "dictate", "dictation", "dictator", "diction", "dictionary", "dictum", "edict", "indicate", "indict", "indictment", "interdict", "jurisdiction", "malediction", "predicate", "predict", "prediction", "syndicate", "valediction", "valedictorian", "verdict", "veridical", "predictable" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "i-": { "meaning": "not, without", "class": "prefix", "root": "i-", "example": [ "ignorant", "ignore" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "uni": { "meaning": "one", "class": "root", "root": "uni", "example": [ "disunion", "reunion", "uniaxial", "unicameral", "unicellular", "unicorn", "unicycle", "uniform", "unify", "unilateral", "unilinear", "union", "unique", "unisexual", "unison", "unit", "unite", "univalent", "universe", "university" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "claus, clos, clud, clus": { "meaning": "to close", "class": "root", "root": "claus, clos, clud, clus", "example": [ "clause", "claustrophobia", "closet", "closure", "conclude", "conclusion", "conclusive", "disclose", "disclosure", "enclose", "enclosure", "exclude", "exclusive", "include", "inclusive", "inconclusive", "malocclusion", "occlude", "preclude", "recluse", "seclude" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-latry": { "meaning": "worship", "class": "root", "root": "-latry", "example": [ "demonolatry", "idolatry", "ophiolatry" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "-an, -ian, -ean": { "class": "adjective- and noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "American", "Asian", "Cartesian", "civilian", "comedian", "custodian", "draconian", "European", "guardian", "historian", "Mediterranean", "Mexican", "pediatrician", "politician", "technician", "tragedian", "urban" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "in adjectives: from (a place) or pertaining to or following (a figure or school of thought); in nouns: person or thing from (a place) or associated with (an activity or school of thought).", "root": "-an, -ian, -ean", "function": "The suffix group -an, -ian, -eanattaches to common nouns and proper nouns to form adjectives or nouns.\r\n" }, "tele, tel, telo": { "meaning": "distance, end", "class": "root", "root": "tele, tel, telo", "example": [ "telecommunication", "teleconference", "telegenic", "telegram", "telegraph", "telekinesis", "telemetry", "telencephalon", "teleology", "telepathy", "telephone", "telephoto", "telephotography", "telescope", "telesis", "telesthesia", "telestich", "teletypewriter", "television" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "geo": { "synonyms": "terr, terra", "class": "root", "example": [ "geocentric", "geode", "geodesic", "geography", "geology", "geometric progression", "geometry", "geophagy" ], "meaning": "earth", "root": "geo", "origin": "Greek" }, "pos, -pose, pon, -pone, -pound": { "meaning": "put, place", "class": "root", "root": "pos, -pose, pon, -pone, -pound", "example": [ "appose", "apposite", "apposition", "appositive", "component", "composed", "composite", "compositor", "compost", "compound", "decompose", "deponent", "depositary", "deposition", "depositor", "depository", "discompose", "disposable", "disposal", "disposer", "exponent", "exponential", "expose", "exposition", "expositor", "expository", "exposure", "expound", "impose", "imposing", "imposition", "impostor", "impound", "inapposite", "indisposed", "indisposition", "interpose", "interposition", "juxtapose", "juxtaposition", "opponent", "opposable", "oppose", "opposite", "opposition", "overexpose", "ovipositor", "photocompose", "pose", "poser", "poseur", "positive", "positivism", "postpone", "posture", "predispose", "proponent", "propound", "purpose", "purposeful", "purposely", "repose", "suppose", "transposition" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "dis-": { "synonyms": "de-, un-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "disable", "disadvantage", "disaffect", "disagree", "disagreeable", "disallow", "disappear", "disappearance", "disappoint", "disapproval", "disapprove", "disarm", "disarray", "disbelief", "discard", "discolor", "discomfort", "disconnect", "discord", "discourteous", "disdain", "disengage", "disgrace", "disgust", "dishearten", "dishonest", "disingenuous", "disintegrate", "disjoin", "dislike", "dislodge", "dismantle", "dismissal", "disobey", "disorder", "disorient", "disown", "disparity", "dispense", "displace", "display", "displease", "displeasure", "disposable", "disposal", "disprove", "disqualify", "disregard", "disrupt", "dissatisfy", "dissect", "dissent", "dissolution", "dissolve", "dissonant", "dissuade", "distort", "distrust", "disturb" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "not; apart; reverse, negate", "root": "dis-", "function": "The prefix dis-occurs in English attached to Latin roots, as in dissent, but also forms words in English by attaching to verbs (dishearten) and nouns (disbelief). dis-has two other forms, as the \"s\" sound in dis-assimilates to the initial sound of the base to which it is attached. See the assimilated forms dif-and di-3.\r\n" }, "loqu, locu": { "meaning": "speak; speech", "class": "root", "root": "loqu, locu", "example": [ "circumlocution", "colloquial", "colloquium", "colloquy", "elocution", "eloquence", "eloquent", "grandiloquence", "interlocutor", "locution", "loquacious", "magniloquent", "obloquy", "soliloquy", "ventriloquism" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "cred, credit": { "meaning": "believe", "class": "root", "root": "cred, credit", "example": [ "accredit", "credence", "credible", "credit", "creditable", "creditor", "credo", "credulity", "credulous", "creed", "discredit", "incredible", "incredulity", "incredulous", "miscreant", "recreant" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "pro-1": { "meaning": "before, forward, forth", "class": "prefix", "root": "pro-1", "example": [ "procedure", "proceed", "proclaim", "proclivity", "procrastinate", "procreate", "procumbent", "procure", "prodigal", "produce", "profane", "profess", "proffer", "proficient", "profound", "profuse", "progenitor", "progeny", "progress", "project", "projectile", "prolate", "prolix", "prominent", "promise", "promote", "promulgate", "pronominal", "pronoun", "propagate", "propel", "propensity", "proponent", "propound", "prorogue", "proscribe", "prosecute", "prospect", "prospective", "prospectus", "protect", "protract", "protrude", "protuberant", "proverb", "proverbial", "provide", "provident", "proviso", "provoke", "provost" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-tude": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "altitude", "amplitude", "aptitude", "beatitude", "certitude", "decrepitude", "desuetude", "disquietude", "dissimilitude", "exactitude", "finitude", "fortitude", "gratitude", "habitude", "hebetude", "ineptitude", "infinitude", "ingratitude", "inquietude", "lassitude", "latitude", "longitude", "magnitude", "Negritude", "platitude", "plenitude", "promptitude", "pulchritude", "quietude", "rectitude", "similitude", "solicitude", "solitude", "turpitude", "verisimilitude", "vicissitude" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "state or condition of", "root": "-tude", "function": "The suffix \"-tude\" attaches to Latin roots.\r\n" }, "nav": { "synonyms": "naut", "class": "root", "example": [ "circumnavigate", "naval", "navigable", "navigate", "navigation", "navy" ], "meaning": "ship", "root": "nav", "origin": "Latin" }, "fall, fals": { "meaning": "to deceive", "class": "root", "root": "fall, fals", "example": [ "fallacious", "fallacy", "falsify", "infallible" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "alter, altern, altr": { "meaning": "other; change", "class": "root", "root": "alter, altern, altr", "example": [ "alter", "alterant", "alterative", "altercate", "altercation", "alternate", "alternation", "alternative", "alternator", "altruism", "altruistic", "subaltern" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ulent": { "meaning": "characterized by, full of", "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "root": "-ulent", "example": [ "corpulent", "flatulent", "fraudulent", "turbulent" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "xer, xero, xeri": { "meaning": "dry", "class": "root", "root": "xer, xero, xeri", "example": [ "phylloxera", "xerography", "xerophilous", "xerophyte", "xerox" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "hept, hepta": { "synonyms": "sept", "class": "root", "example": [ "heptad", "heptagon", "heptameter", "heptarchy", "heptastich", "heptavalent" ], "meaning": "seven", "root": "hept, hepta", "origin": "Greek" }, "am, ama, amor": { "synonyms": "phil, philo, -philia, -phile", "class": "root", "example": [ "amateur", "amateurish", "amatory", "amiable", "amicable", "amity", "amorous", "amour", "enamor", "enemy", "inimical", "paramour" ], "meaning": "love, friendship", "root": "am, ama, amor", "origin": "Latin" }, "cad, cas, cid2": { "meaning": "to fall", "class": "root", "root": "cad, cas, cid2", "example": [ "accident", "accidental", "cadaver", "cadaverous", "cadence", "cascade", "casualty", "coincide", "coincidence", "decadent", "deciduous", "incidence", "incident", "incidental", "occasion", "occidental", "recidivism" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "vol": { "meaning": "wish, intention, will", "class": "root", "root": "vol", "example": [ "benevolence", "benevolent", "involuntary", "malevolent", "volition", "voluntary", "volunteer" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "di-3": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "digress", "direct", "direction", "director", "divagate", "divert", "divest" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "not, apart, reverse, negate", "root": "di-3", "function": "The prefix di-3is a form of dis-used before roots beginning with \"v,\" \"g,\" and \"s,\" such as \"vert,\" \"gress,\" and \"rect.\" See dis-3" }, "rupt": { "meaning": "to break, burst", "class": "root", "root": "rupt", "example": [ "abrupt", "bankrupt", "corrupt", "disrupt", "erupt", "incorrupt", "interrupt", "irrupt", "rupture" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "endo-": { "meaning": "inside", "class": "prefix", "root": "endo-", "example": [ "endoblast", "endocarditis", "endocarp", "endocrine", "endocrinology", "endoderm", "endogamy", "endogenous", "endometrium", "endoplasm", "endoskeleton", "endosperm", "endothermic" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "orb": { "meaning": "wheel, circle", "class": "root", "root": "orb", "example": [ "exorbitant", "orb", "orbicular", "orbit", "suborbital" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "pre-": { "antonyms": "post-", "synonyms": "pro-2, ante-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "preamble", "prearrange", "precaution", "precede", "preclude", "preconceive", "precook", "precursor", "predate", "predetermine", "predict", "predictable", "prediction", "preface", "prefect", "prefer", "preferable", "preference", "prefix", "preheat", "prejudice", "premonition", "prescriptible" ], "meaning": "before", "root": "pre-", "origin": "Latin" }, "anthr, anthro, anthrop, anthropo": { "meaning": "human being", "class": "root", "root": "anthr, anthro, anthrop, anthropo", "example": [ "anthropocentric", "anthropogenesis", "anthropoid", "anthropology", "anthropometry", "anthropomorphism", "anthropophagy", "lycanthrope", "lycanthropy", "misanthrope", "misanthropy", "philanthropist", "philanthropy", "Pithecanthropus" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "bar, baro": { "meaning": "pressure, weight", "class": "root", "root": "bar, baro", "example": [ "aneroid barometer", "bariatrics", "barite", "barograph", "barometer", "baroreceptor", "baryon", "isobar", "kilobar", "millibar" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "host2": { "meaning": "stranger, enemy", "class": "root", "root": "host2", "example": [ "hostage", "hostile" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "sist": { "synonyms": "sta, stat, stant, -stance", "class": "root", "example": [ "assist", "consist", "desist", "exist", "insist", "persist", "resist", "subsist" ], "meaning": "stand", "root": "sist", "origin": "Latin" }, "opt1": { "meaning": "best", "class": "root", "root": "opt1", "example": [ "optimal", "optimist", "optimum" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-fic": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "beatific", "calorific", "honorific", "horrific", "malefic", "pacific", "prolific", "scientific", "soporific", "sudorific", "terrific" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "making, doing, causing", "root": "-fic", "function": "The suffix -ficoccurs in adjectives that are Latin loanwords, and hence attaches to bases that are Latin noun roots. It is a form of \"fer, lat2, -late\".\r\n" }, "civ": { "meaning": "citizen", "class": "root", "root": "civ", "example": [ "civic", "civics", "civil", "civilian", "civility", "civilization", "civilized", "uncivil" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "sup-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "supplant", "supply", "support", "suppress", "unsupportable" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "under, below", "root": "sup-", "function": "The prefix sup-occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of sub-used before roots that begin with \"p,\" such as \"port.\" See sub-" }, "oct, octo, octa": { "meaning": "eight", "class": "root", "root": "oct, octo, octa", "example": [ "octagon", "octane", "octant", "octave", "octavo", "octet", "octillion", "October", "octogenarian", "octopus", "octuple" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "-fy, -ify, -efy": { "class": "verb-forming suffix", "example": [ "beautify", "casefy", "citify", "clarify", "dignify", "diversify", "Frenchify", "justify", "liquefy", "magnify", "pacify", "petrify", "purify", "putrefy", "qualify", "quantify", "ramify", "satisfy", "signify", "solidify", "speechify", "stupefy", "torrefy", "uglify", "verify", "vilify", "vivify" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "make, cause to be, become", "root": "-fy, -ify, -efy", "function": "The suffix group -fy, -ify, -efyforms verbs from primarily Latin bases. When -ifyattaches to an English base, the base is an adjective (uglify, Frenchify) or noun (citify, zombify) usually having one syllable or two syllables ending in |i|. Verbs ending in -fyhave corresponding noun forms ending in -ion: as a rule, -ifybecomes -ification (verify, verification); -efybecomes -efaction (putrefy, putrefaction). See also fac, fic, fec, fact, fect.\r\n" }, "init": { "meaning": "beginning", "class": "root", "root": "init", "example": [ "initial", "initiate", "initiative" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "voc, -voke": { "meaning": "voice, to call", "class": "root", "root": "voc, -voke", "example": [ "advocate", "avocation", "convocation", "convoke", "equivocal", "equivocate", "evocation", "evocative", "evoke", "invocation", "invoke", "irrevocable", "provoke", "revoke", "unequivocal", "vocable", "vocabulary", "vocal", "vocalic", "vocalist", "vocation", "vociferous" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "nephr, nephro": { "meaning": "kidney", "class": "root", "root": "nephr, nephro", "example": [ "nephrectomy", "nephrite", "nephritis", "nephrology" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "dextr, dextro": { "meaning": "on the righthand side; skilful", "class": "root", "root": "dextr, dextro", "example": [ "ambidextrous", "dexter", "dexterity", "dextral", "dextrorotatory", "dextrorse", "dextrose", "dextrous" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "zyg, zygo": { "meaning": "pair", "class": "root", "root": "zyg, zygo", "example": [ "azygous", "syzygy", "zygospore", "zygote" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "grat": { "meaning": "pleasing", "class": "root", "root": "grat", "example": [ "congratulate", "grateful", "gratify", "gratitude" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-age": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "advantage", "assemblage", "bondage", "breakage", "carriage", "cleavage", "courage", "coverage", "drainage", "hostage", "marriage", "package", "passage", "postage", "reportage", "shortage", "storage", "umbrage", "voyage" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "act, process, or result of (the action indicated by the verb base)", "root": "-age", "function": "The suffix -ageattaches primarily to bases that are English verbs to form nouns. Base-final y becomes i and base-final silent e is dropped before \u673cge (carry + -age> carriage, store + -age> storage) Some nouns ending in -ageare loan words from French (voyage, courage) whose bases are Latin roots.\r\n" }, "arm": { "meaning": "arms, weapons", "class": "root", "root": "arm", "example": [ "armada", "armadillo", "armament", "armature", "armor", "armory", "army", "disarm", "disarmament", "unarm", "unarmed" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "scler, sclero": { "meaning": "hard", "class": "root", "root": "scler, sclero", "example": [ "arteriosclerosis", "atherosclerosis", "multiple sclerosis", "sclera", "sclerenchyma", "sclerosis" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "-ish": { "meaning": "of, resembling; somewhat", "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "root": "-ish", "example": [ "amateurish", "apish", "bearish", "boorish", "boyish", "caddish", "cattish", "childish", "coltish", "devilish", "doggish", "donnish", "elfish", "faddish", "fattish", "feverish", "flattish", "foolish", "girlish", "goodish", "impish", "kittenish", "knavish", "largish", "lightish1", "longish", "lumpish", "mannish", "mawkish", "modish", "mulish", "piggish", "prankish", "prudish", "puckish", "rakish1", "roguish", "selfish", "sheepish", "shortish", "sickish", "snappish", "stylish", "swinish", "ticklish", "whitish" ], "origin": "Old English" }, "grad, -grade": { "meaning": "go, step, degree", "class": "root", "root": "grad, -grade", "example": [ "biodegradable", "centigrade", "degrade", "downgrade", "gradate", "gradation", "grade", "gradient", "gradual", "graduate", "ingredient", "plantigrade", "postgraduate", "retrograde", "upgrade" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "mega, megal, megalo, -megaly": { "antonyms": "min, micro-", "synonyms": "magn, magna, magni, maxi, macro-", "class": "root", "example": [ "acromegaly", "megabyte", "megacycle", "megadeath", "megahertz", "megalith", "megalomania", "megalopolis", "megalosaur", "megaphone", "megaton" ], "meaning": "large, great, million", "root": "mega, megal, megalo, -megaly", "origin": "Greek" }, "-logy, -ology": { "synonyms": "-ics", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "aerobiology", "aerology", "agrobiology", "analogy", "anesthesiology", "anthology", "anthropology", "apology", "archeology", "astrology", "audiology", "axiology", "bacteriology", "biology", "bryology", "cardiology", "chronology", "climatology", "conchology", "cosmetology", "cosmology", "craniology", "criminology", "cytology", "demonology", "dendrology", "dermatology", "doxology", "ecology", "Egyptology", "embryology", "endocrinology", "entomology", "enzymology", "epistemology", "ethnology", "ethnomusicology", "ethology", "etiology", "etymology", "eulogy", "exobiology", "gemology", "genealogy", "geochronology", "geology", "geomorphology", "gerontology", "glaciology", "graphology", "gynecology", "hagiology", "hematology", "herpetology", "histology", "homology", "horology", "hypnology", "ichthyology", "iconology", "ideology", "immunology", "kinesiology", "lithology", "malacology", "mammalogy", "martyrology", "methodology", "microbiology", "mineralogy", "morphology", "musicology", "mycology", "mythology", "necrology", "nephrology", "neurology", "numerology", "oceanology", "odontology", "oenology", "oncology", "ontology", "oology", "ophiology", "ornithology", "osteology", "otology", "paleethnology", "paleontology", "parapsychology", "pathology", "penology", "petrology", "pharmacology", "phenomenology", "philology", "phonology", "phraseology", "phrenology", "physiology", "pomology", "primatology", "proctology", "psychology", "psychopathology", "psychopharmacology", "radiobiology", "radiology", "scatology", "seismology", "serology", "sexology", "Sinology", "sociobiology", "sociology", "somatology", "speleology", "symbology", "symptomatology", "tautology", "technology", "teleology", "teratology", "terminology", "tetralogy", "thanatology", "theology", "topology", "trilogy", "tropology", "typology", "urbanology", "urology", "virology", "zoology", "zymology" ], "origin": "Greek", "meaning": "study of, science of; written work; structure or principle", "root": "-logy, -ology", "function": "The suffix -logy, -ologyforms nouns from bases that are predominantly Greek roots. It is a terminal form of the root log, logo, -loguewhich in the vast majority cases signifies the study or science of the subject indicated by the base. In some words, however, -ologycarries the meaning \"written work\" (trilogy) or \"structure\" (homology). See log, logo, -logue. Most nouns ending in -logy, -ologyhave an adjective form ending in \"-ical.\" (dermatology, dermatological).\r\n" }, "cycl, cyclo": { "meaning": "wheel, circle", "class": "root", "root": "cycl, cyclo", "example": [ "bicycle", "cycle", "cyclist", "cycloid", "cyclometer", "cyclone", "cyclopedia", "cyclops", "cyclorama", "encyclical", "encyclopedia", "epicycle", "heterocyclic", "recycle", "tricycle", "unicycle" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "di, diurn, journ": { "meaning": "day", "class": "root", "root": "di, diurn, journ", "example": [ "adjourn", "diary", "diurnal", "journey", "journal", "journalist", "journalism" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "clam, claim": { "meaning": "to cry out", "class": "root", "root": "clam, claim", "example": [ "acclaim", "acclamation", "clamor", "clamorous", "declaim", "declamation", "exclaim", "exclamation", "proclaim", "proclamation" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "mer, -mere": { "meaning": "part", "class": "root", "root": "mer, -mere", "example": [ "allomerism", "antimere", "blastomere", "isomer", "monomer", "polymer" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "sci": { "meaning": "to know", "class": "root", "root": "sci", "example": [ "conscious", "omniscient", "prescience", "prescient", "science" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "trop": { "meaning": "turn, change", "class": "root", "root": "trop", "example": [ "allotrope", "allotropy", "diatropism", "entropy", "geotropism", "heliotrope", "heliotropism", "hydrotropism", "isotropic", "neurotropic", "nyctitropism", "phototropism", "psychotropic", "thermotropism", "trope", "tropism", "tropology", "troposphere" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "text": { "meaning": "weave", "class": "root", "root": "text", "example": [ "context", "text", "textile", "texture" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "integ": { "meaning": "whole", "class": "root", "root": "integ", "example": [ "disintegrate", "integer", "integral", "integrate", "integration", "integrity" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "erythr, erythro": { "meaning": "red", "class": "root", "root": "erythr, erythro", "example": [ "erythrocyte", "erythromycin" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "dem, demo": { "meaning": "people, populace", "class": "root", "root": "dem, demo", "example": [ "demagogue", "demagoguery", "democracy", "democrat", "demographics", "demography", "endemic", "epidemic", "pandemic" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "morph, morpho": { "meaning": "shape, form", "class": "root", "root": "morph, morpho", "example": [ "allomorph", "amorphous", "anthropomorphic", "anthropomorphism", "ectomorphic", "endomorphic", "geomorphology", "gynandromorph", "homomorphism", "lagomorph", "mesomorphic", "metamorphosis", "monomorphic", "morpheme", "morphogenesis", "morphology", "polymorphous", "zoomorphic" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "inter-": { "meaning": "between, among", "class": "prefix", "root": "inter-", "example": [ "interact", "interactive", "intercalate", "intercede", "intercept", "interchange", "intercollegiate", "intercommunity", "interconnect", "interdependent", "interdict", "interfere", "interferometer", "interferon", "interfuse", "intergroup", "interim", "interject", "interlace", "interleave", "interlinear", "Interlingua", "interlock", "interlocutor", "interloper", "interlude", "intermediary", "intermediate", "intermission", "intermittent", "intermix", "intermolecular", "international", "internet", "interpellate", "interpolate", "interpose", "interpret", "interracial", "interrelate", "interrogate", "interrupt", "intersect", "intersection", "intersperse", "interstate", "interstellar", "intervene", "intervertebral" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "sens, sent1": { "meaning": "to feel, to perceive", "class": "root", "root": "sens, sent1", "example": [ "assent", "consent", "desensitize", "dissent", "insensate", "resent", "sensation", "senseless", "sensibility", "sensible", "sensitive", "sensitivity", "sensitize", "sensory", "sensual", "sensuous", "sentiment", "sentimental" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ator": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "alternator", "aviator", "conspirator", "dictator", "elevator", "narrator", "spectator" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "a person or thing that does", "root": "-ator", "function": "The suffix -atorturns verbs ending in -ate into nouns. It is a compound of -ate + -or.\r\n" }, "co-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "coalesce", "coalition", "coauthor", "coaxial", "coeducation", "coeval", "coexist", "cohere", "coherent", "coincide", "cooperate", "coterminous" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "with, together", "root": "co-", "function": "The prefix co-is a reduced form of com-often used before roots beginning with vowels, such as \"ax\" and \"ev.\" It is also used with existing English words to indicate a role of fellowship (coworker) or that something is done together (cowrite) See com-.\r\n" }, "rid, ris": { "meaning": "laugh", "class": "root", "root": "rid, ris", "example": [ "deride", "derisive", "ridicule", "ridiculous", "risible" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ness": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "airiness", "brightness", "consciousness", "fitness", "heaviness", "illness", "kindness", "likeness", "madness", "preparedness", "darkness", "sickness", "hardness", "business", "witness" ], "origin": "Old English", "meaning": "state or quality of", "root": "-ness", "function": "The suffix -nessis attached to adjectives to form nouns. It is fully productive, meaning that any word that combines an adjective and the suffix -nessis an allowable English noun. In a small set of cases, it is attached to a verb (forgiveness) or a noun (witness).\r\n" }, "amb, ambl, ambul": { "meaning": "walk", "class": "root", "root": "amb, ambl, ambul", "example": [ "ambition", "amble", "ambulance", "ambulatory", "perambulate" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "mand": { "meaning": "give an order", "class": "root", "root": "mand", "example": [ "command", "commandment", "commando", "countermand", "demand", "mandate", "mandatory", "remand" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "cor-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "correct", "correlate", "correspond", "corroborate", "corrupt", "incorrigible" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "with, together", "root": "cor-", "function": "The prefix cor-is an assimilated form of com-used before roots beginning with \"r.\" See com-.\r\n" }, "xanth, xantho": { "meaning": "yellow", "class": "root", "root": "xanth, xantho", "example": [ "xanthein", "xanthic", "xanthine", "xanthous" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "lip, lipo": { "meaning": "fat", "class": "root", "root": "lip, lipo", "example": [ "lipase", "lipid", "lipoid" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "olig, oligo": { "meaning": "few; deficiency", "class": "root", "root": "olig, oligo", "example": [ "oligarchy", "oligopoly", "oligopsony" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "out-": { "meaning": "out, outside, outward; beyond, better, more", "class": "prefix", "root": "out-", "example": [ "outbreak", "outburst", "outcast", "outcome", "outdo", "outfall", "outfield", "outfox", "outgrow", "outgrowth", "outlast", "outlaw", "output", "outside", "outsmart" ], "origin": "Old English" }, "sta, stas, stat, stant, -stance": { "synonyms": "sist", "class": "root", "example": [ "aerostat", "aerostatics", "apostasy", "apostate", "astatine", "circumstance", "constant", "ecstasy", "ecstatic", "establish", "instability", "obstacle", "stabile", "stability", "stabilize", "stable", "stagnant", "static", "station", "stationary", "statue", "status", "substance" ], "meaning": "stand, standing, stabilize", "root": "sta, stas, stat, stant, -stance", "origin": "Latin and Greek" }, "-itious": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "adventitious", "expeditious", "factitious", "fictitious", "propitious", "repetitious" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "having the nature of, characterized by", "root": "-itious", "function": "The suffix -itiousattaches to Latin roots to form adjectives.\r\n" }, "-al2, -ial, -ual": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "abnormal", "accidental", "additional", "aerial", "ancestral", "annual", "arboreal", "artificial", "astral", "biblical", "biographical", "brutal", "capital", "central", "ceremonial", "chemical", "classical", "clinical", "coastal", "colonial", "comical", "commercial", "confidential", "constitutional", "continental", "continual", "controversial", "conventional", "criminal", "critical", "crucial", "cultural", "cylindrical", "dental", "detrimental", "developmental", "economical", "editorial", "educational", "electrical", "emotional", "environmental", "essential", "equal", "exceptional", "experimental", "facial", "factual", "federal", "final", "financial", "floral", "fluvial", "formal", "functional", "fundamental", "general", "global", "grammatical", "guttural", "habitual", "historical", "hysterical", "illogical", "immoral", "impersonal", "impractical", "individual", "industrial", "ineffectual", "influential", "internal", "legal", "local", "logical", "lyrical", "magical", "maniacal", "mathematical", "memorial", "mental", "moral", "mortal", "musical", "mythical", "national", "natural", "nautical", "neutral", "normal", "official", "parental", "pastoral", "personal", "philosophical", "plural", "pluralism", "pluralistic", "political", "potential", "quizzical", "racial", "rational", "regional", "irrational", "intellectual", "rhythmical", "sacrificial", "seasonal", "spinal", "spiritual", "technological", "territorial", "theatrical", "thermal", "tidal", "traditional", "tribal", "typical", "universal", "unnatural", "veridical", "verbal", "virtual", "vocal", "visual" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "pertaining to", "root": "-al2, -ial, -ual", "function": "The suffix -al2, -ialattaches primarily to nouns (national, environmental) but sometimes to Latin or Greek roots (final, capital, comical) to form adjectives. See also -ar1.\r\n" }, "firm": { "antonyms": "magn, magna, magni, maxi", "class": "root", "example": [ "affirm", "affirmation", "affirmative", "confirm", "confirmation", "firmament", "infirm", "infirmary", "infirmity" ], "meaning": "make firm; support", "root": "firm", "origin": "Latin" }, "deca, dec, deci, deka": { "meaning": "ten, tenth", "class": "root", "root": "deca, dec, deci, deka", "example": [ "decade", "decagon", "decagram", "decahedron", "decaliter", "Decalogue", "decameter", "decapod", "decasyllable", "decathlon", "December", "decemvir", "decennial", "decibel", "decigram", "decile", "deciliter", "decillion", "decimal", "decimate", "decimeter", "decuple", "dekagram", "dekameter", "duodecimal", "duodecimo", "duodenum" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "fil2": { "meaning": "thread, line", "class": "root", "root": "fil2", "example": [ "defile2", "filament", "file", "filigree", "profile" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "en-1, em-1": { "antonyms": "de-, dis-, un-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "embark", "embarrass", "embattle", "embed", "emblazon", "embody", "embolden", "embrace", "embroider", "employ", "empower", "enable", "enact", "enamor", "encamp", "encase", "enchant", "encircle", "enclose", "encode", "encompass", "encounter", "endear", "endure", "enfold", "enforce", "engage", "engulf", "enjoy", "enlarge", "enlighten", "enlist", "enrage", "enrich", "enroll", "ensure", "entangle", "entitle", "entrust", "envelop" ], "meaning": "to put into; cause to be or have", "root": "en-1, em-1", "origin": "Latin" }, "-ism1": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "anachronism", "aphorism", "archaism", "autism", "baptism", "criticism", "dwarfism", "embolism", "euphemism", "heliotropism", "heroism", "hypnotism", "magnetism", "mechanism", "metabolism", "neologism", "phototropism", "plagiarism", "sophism", "syllogism", "tropism" ], "origin": "Greek", "meaning": "act, process, state, practice, or instance of", "root": "-ism1", "function": "The suffix -ism1attaches to Greek roots to form nouns which usually have a corresponding verb ending in \"-ize, -ise\". See also -ism2.\r\n" }, "ethno": { "meaning": "race, culture, people", "class": "root", "root": "ethno", "example": [ "ethnobotany", "ethnocentric", "ethnology", "ethnomusicology", "paleethnology" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "phys, physio": { "meaning": "nature, physical", "class": "root", "root": "phys, physio", "example": [ "astrophysics", "biophysics", "geophysics", "hyperphysical", "metaphysical", "metaphysics", "physic", "physical", "physical therapy", "physician", "physicist", "physics", "physiognomy", "physiography", "physiological", "physiology", "physiotherapy", "physique", "superphysical" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "popul": { "meaning": "the people", "class": "root", "root": "popul", "example": [ "depopulate", "populace", "popular", "popularity", "popularize", "populate", "population", "populist" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "vin, vini, vint": { "meaning": "wine", "class": "root", "root": "vin, vini, vint", "example": [ "vinaceous", "vine", "viniculture", "vinifera", "vinification", "vinous", "vintage", "vintner" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "circu-, circum-": { "meaning": "around", "class": "prefix", "root": "circu-, circum-", "example": [ "circular", "circulate", "circulation", "circumambient", "circumcise", "circumference", "circumflex", "circumfluent", "circumfuse", "circumlocution", "circumlunar", "circumnavigate", "circumpolar", "circumscribe", "circumsolar", "circumspect", "circumstance", "circumterrestrial", "circumvallate", "circumvent", "circus" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "spir, spiro": { "meaning": "breathe", "class": "root", "root": "spir, spiro", "example": [ "aspirate", "aspiration", "aspire", "conspiracy", "conspirator", "conspire", "expire", "inspiration", "inspire", "perspiration", "perspire", "respiration", "respiratory", "respire", "spiracle", "spirit", "spiritual", "transpire" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "equ, equi": { "meaning": "equal", "class": "root", "root": "equ, equi", "example": [ "adequate", "equable", "equal", "equality", "equanimity", "equate", "equation", "equator", "equiangular", "equidistant", "equilateral", "equilibrium", "equinox", "equipoise", "equitable", "equity", "equivalent", "equivocal", "equivocate", "inadequate", "inequality", "inequity", "iniquity", "unequal", "unequivocal" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "flic": { "meaning": "strike", "class": "root", "root": "flic", "example": [ "afflict", "affliction", "conflict", "inflict" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "fug, -fuge": { "meaning": "flee", "class": "root", "root": "fug, -fuge", "example": [ "centrifugal", "centrifuge", "fugitive", "insectifuge", "refuge", "refugee", "subterfuge" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "multi-": { "synonyms": "poly", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "multifarious", "multiparous", "multiple", "multiply", "multitudinous" ], "meaning": "many", "root": "multi-", "origin": "Latin" }, "foli, foil": { "meaning": "leaf, page", "class": "root", "root": "foli, foil", "example": [ "cinquefoil", "defoliant", "exfoliate", "foil", "foliaceous", "foliage", "foliation", "folic acid", "folio", "portfolio", "quatrefoil", "trefoil" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "ap-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "apparition", "appease", "append", "appendix", "applicant", "appoint", "appose", "apposite", "approve" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "to, toward", "root": "ap-", "function": "The prefix ap-occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of ad-used before roots beginning with \"p.\" See ad-.\r\n" }, "sys-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "systaltic", "systole" ], "origin": "Greek", "meaning": "with, together with", "root": "sys-", "function": "The prefix \"sys-\" occurs in Greek loanwords and hence attaches to Greek bases. It is an assimilated form of \"syn-\" used before roots beginning with s. See syn-and its other assimilated forms syl-and sym-.\r\n" }, "col-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "collaborate", "collapse", "collate", "collateral", "colleague", "collect", "collide", "collocate" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "with, together", "root": "col-", "function": "The prefix col-is an assimilated form of com-used before roots beginning with \"l,\" such as \"loc\" and \"lect.\" See com-.\r\n" }, "-hood": { "meaning": "1. state, condition; 2.the whole group of", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "root": "-hood", "example": [ "adulthood", "boyhood", "brotherhood", "childhood", "falsehood", "girlhood", "knighthood", "likelihood", "livelihood", "manhood", "motherhood", "neighborhood", "womanhood" ], "origin": "Old English" }, "-escent": { "meaning": "becoming; beginning to", "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "root": "-escent", "example": [ "arborescent", "bioluminescent", "crescent", "effervescent", "evanescent", "juvenescent", "liquescent", "luminescent", "obsolescent", "pearlescent", "pubescent", "senescent", "viridescent" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "frater": { "meaning": "brother", "class": "root", "root": "frater", "example": [ "fraternal", "fraternity", "fratricide" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "cardi, cardio": { "synonyms": "cor2, cour2, cord", "class": "root", "example": [ "cardia", "cardiac", "cardiogram", "cardiograph", "cardiology", "cardiovascular", "endocarditis", "epicardium", "myocardiograph", "myocardium", "pericarditis", "pericardium" ], "meaning": "heart", "root": "cardi, cardio", "origin": "Greek" }, "hem, hemo, hemat, hemato, hema, -emia, -aemia": { "meaning": "blood; blood condition", "class": "root", "root": "hem, hemo, hemat, hemato, hema, -emia, -aemia", "example": [ "anaemia", "anemia", "aplastic anemia", "hemacytometer", "hematic", "hematite", "hematoblast", "hematocrit", "hematology", "hematoma", "heme", "hemochromatosis", "hemocyanin", "hemocytometer", "hemodialysis", "hemoflagellate", "hemoglobin", "hemolymph", "hemolysis", "hemophilia", "hemoptysis", "hemorrhage", "hemorrhoid", "hemostasis", "hemostat", "hemostatic", "hyperglycemia", "hypoglycemia", "ischemia", "leukemia", "pyemia", "sapremia", "sickle cell anemia", "toxemia", "uremia" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "hect, hecto, hecat": { "meaning": "hundred", "class": "root", "root": "hect, hecto, hecat", "example": [ "hecatomb", "hectare", "hectogram", "hectograph", "hectoliter", "hectometer" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "allo, all": { "antonyms": "iso-, homo, homeo, omal", "synonyms": "ali, hetero", "class": "root", "example": [ "allergy", "allogamy", "allomerism", "allomorph", "allopath", "allopathy", "allophone", "allotrope", "allotropy" ], "meaning": "other, different", "root": "allo, all", "origin": "Greek" }, "rig2": { "meaning": "stiff, rigid", "class": "root", "root": "rig2", "example": [ "rigid", "rigor" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "gyr, gyro": { "meaning": "circle", "class": "root", "root": "gyr, gyro", "example": [ "gyrate", "gyre", "gyro", "gyrocompass", "gyroscope" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "funct": { "meaning": "perform", "class": "root", "root": "funct", "example": [ "dysfunction", "function", "functional", "malfunction" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "celer": { "meaning": "swift", "class": "root", "root": "celer", "example": [ "accelerate", "celerity", "decelerate" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-atory1": { "synonyms": "-arium, -orium, -ary2", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "laboratory", "observatory", "purgatory", "reformatory" ], "meaning": "place associated with", "root": "-atory1", "origin": "Latin" }, "pneum, pneumo, pneumon, pneumat, -pnea": { "meaning": "air, breath, wind, spirit", "class": "root", "root": "pneum, pneumo, pneumon, pneumat, -pnea", "example": [ "apnea", "dyspnea", "pneumatic", "pneumatics", "pneumoencephalogram", "pneumonia", "pneumonic" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "patr, patri, pater": { "synonyms": "matr, matri, mater", "class": "root", "example": [ "expatriate", "paterfamilias", "paternal", "paternalism", "paternity", "paternoster", "patriarch", "patrician", "patricide", "patrilineal", "patrilocal", "patrimony", "patriot", "patriotism", "patristic", "patron", "patronize", "patronymic", "pattern", "repatriate" ], "meaning": "father, fatherland", "root": "patr, patri, pater", "origin": "Latin" }, "vest": { "meaning": "clothe; clothing", "class": "root", "root": "vest", "example": [ "divest", "invest", "investment", "investor", "transvestite", "vest", "vestiary", "vestment", "vestry" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "sol2, soli": { "meaning": "alone", "class": "root", "root": "sol2, soli", "example": [ "desolate", "soliloquy", "solitary", "solitude", "solo", "soloist" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "au, avi": { "meaning": "bird", "class": "root", "root": "au, avi", "example": [ "augur", "augury", "auspicious", "avian", "aviary", "aviation", "aviator", "aviatrix", "avionics" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "extr-, extra-, exter-": { "synonyms": "ec, ect, ecto, exo-, ex-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "external", "extracurricular", "extraneous", "extraordinary", "extrapolate", "extrasensory", "extraterrestrial", "extravagant", "extreme", "extremism", "extremity", "extrorse" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "on the outside, beyond", "root": "extr-, extra-, exter-", "function": "In Latin, \"extrem\" is the superlative form of \"exter,\" just as in English \"most\" is the superlative form of \"more.\" \"Extrem,\" which is the basis of the basis of the English word \"extreme\" and its derivations, thus means \"most outside\" or \"most beyond.\"\r\n" }, "aut, auto": { "meaning": "self", "class": "prefix", "root": "aut, auto", "example": [ "autarchy", "autarky", "autism", "autobiography", "autocracy", "autogamy", "autogiro", "autograph", "autohypnosis", "autointoxication", "automatic", "automobile", "autonetics", "autonomic", "autonomic nervous system", "autonomous", "autonomy", "autopsy", "autoradiograph", "semiautomatic" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "her, hes": { "meaning": "stick", "class": "root", "root": "her, hes", "example": [ "adhere", "adherent", "adhesion", "adhesive", "cohere", "coherent", "cohesion", "cohesive", "inhere", "inherent" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "meso-": { "synonyms": "medi", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "mesencephalon", "mesentery", "mesoblast", "mesocarp", "mesoderm", "Mesolithic", "mesomorphic", "meson", "mesothelioma", "mesothelium", "Mesozoic" ], "meaning": "middle", "root": "meso-", "origin": "Greek" }, "purg": { "meaning": "clean", "class": "root", "root": "purg", "example": [ "expurgate", "purgative", "purgatory", "purge" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "nom1, nomin, nomen": { "synonyms": "onomas, onomat, onym", "class": "root", "example": [ "binomial", "cognomen", "denomination", "ignominy", "innominate", "misnomer", "monomial", "nomenclature", "nominal", "nominate", "polynomial", "trinomial" ], "meaning": "name", "root": "nom1, nomin, nomen", "origin": "Latin" }, "bibl, bibli, biblio": { "meaning": "book", "class": "root", "root": "bibl, bibli, biblio", "example": [ "Bible", "biblical", "biblicist", "bibliography", "bibliomancy", "bibliomania", "bibliophile", "bibliopole" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "su-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "suspect", "suspicious" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "under, below", "root": "su-", "function": "The prefix \"su-\" occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of \"sub-.\"\r\n" }, "kilo": { "meaning": "thousand", "class": "root", "root": "kilo", "example": [ "kilo", "kilobar", "kilobyte", "kilocycle", "kilogram", "kilohertz", "kiloliter", "kilometer", "kiloton", "kilovolt", "kilowatt", "kilowatt-hour" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "par2": { "meaning": "to bear, give birth to", "class": "root", "root": "par2", "example": [ "multiparous", "oviparous", "parent", "viviparous" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ac": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "aphrodisiac", "cardiac", "celiac", "elegiac", "hemophiliac", "hypochondriac", "insomniac", "maniac", "paradisiac", "simoniac" ], "origin": "Greek", "meaning": "in adjectives: of or pertaining to; resembling; in nouns: someone afflicted with;", "root": "-ac", "function": "The suffix -acattaches to Greek bases ending in the letter \"i\" to form adjectives and their noun extensions. Many English adjectives ending in -acare loanwords from Greek via Latin. However, later words such as \"dipsomaniac\" are new English words modeled on loanwords.\r\n" }, "dif-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "differ", "different", "diffident", "diffract", "diffuse", "diffusive" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "not, apart, reverse, negate", "root": "dif-", "function": "The prefix dif-is an assimilated form of the prefix dis-, used before roots beginning with \"f\", such as \"fid\" and \"fer.\" See dis-.\r\n" }, "narr": { "meaning": "tell, give an account of", "class": "root", "root": "narr", "example": [ "narrate", "narrative", "narrator" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "ord, ordin": { "meaning": "row, rank, order", "class": "root", "root": "ord, ordin", "example": [ "coordinate", "disorder", "extraordinary", "order", "ordinal", "ordinance", "ordinary", "reorder", "suborder", "subordinate" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "aqu, aqua": { "synonyms": "hydr, hydro", "class": "root", "example": [ "aqua", "aquaculture", "aquamarine", "aquanaut", "aquaplane", "aquarelle", "aquarist", "aquarium", "Aquarius", "aquatic", "aquatint", "aquavit", "aqueduct", "aqueous", "aqueous humor", "aquifer", "semiaquatic", "subaqueous" ], "meaning": "water", "root": "aqu, aqua", "origin": "Latin" }, "-ee": { "meaning": "person who undergoes or receives", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "root": "-ee", "example": [ "committee", "detainee", "donee", "employee", "trainee" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "micro-": { "antonyms": "magn, magna, magni, maxi, mega, megal, megalo, -megaly, macro-", "synonyms": "min", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "microbe", "microbiology", "microcephaly", "microclimate", "micrococcus", "microcosm", "microelectronics", "microevolution", "microfiche", "microfilm", "microgram", "micrograph", "micrometer", "micron", "micronucleus", "micronutrient", "microorganism", "microphone", "microphotograph", "microprocessor", "microscope", "microscopic", "microsurgery", "microwave", "millimicron", "photomicrograph", "submicroscopic" ], "meaning": "small", "root": "micro-", "origin": "Greek" }, "dia-, di-1": { "meaning": "across, apart, through, throughout", "class": "prefix", "root": "dia-, di-1", "example": [ "adiabatic", "diabetes", "diachronic", "diacritic", "diacritical", "diacritical mark", "diadromous", "diagnose", "diagnosis", "diagonal", "diagram", "dialect", "dialogue", "dialysis", "diameter", "diapason", "diaphanous", "diaphoresis", "diaphragm", "diarrhea", "diaspora", "diastole", "diastrophism", "diatom", "diatribe", "diatropism", "dieresis", "diopter", "diorama", "hemodialysis" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "minist, minst": { "meaning": "serve, assist", "class": "root", "root": "minist, minst", "example": [ "administer", "administration", "administrative", "administrator", "minister", "ministry", "minstrel" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "mania": { "meaning": "excessive desire", "class": "root", "root": "mania", "example": [ "bibliomania", "cleptomania", "decalcomania", "dipsomania", "egomania", "erotomania", "kleptomania", "mania", "maniac", "manic", "manic-depressive", "megalomania", "monomania", "mythomania", "nymphomania", "pyromania" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "-dom": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "boredom", "Christendom", "fiefdom", "freedom", "kingdom", "martyrdom", "officialdom", "princedom", "stardom", "subkingdom", "thralldom", "wisdom" ], "origin": "Old English", "meaning": "domain of; state of being", "root": "-dom", "function": "The suffix -domattaches to primarily Old English adjectives and nouns.\r\n" }, "rhod, rhodo": { "meaning": "red", "class": "root", "root": "rhod, rhodo", "example": [ "rhodium", "rhododendron", "rhodolite", "rhodopsin" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "palp": { "meaning": "touch", "class": "root", "root": "palp", "example": [ "impalpable", "palp", "palpable", "palpate", "palpitate" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "onym": { "synonyms": "onomas, onomat, nom1, nomin, nomen", "class": "root", "example": [ "acronym", "anonym", "anonymous", "antonym", "eponym", "heteronym", "homonym", "metonymy", "patronymic", "pseudonym", "synonym", "synonymous", "tautonym", "toponym", "toponymy" ], "meaning": "name, word", "root": "onym", "origin": "Greek" }, "phyt, phyto, -phyte": { "meaning": "plant; plant growth", "class": "root", "root": "phyt, phyto, -phyte", "example": [ "bryophyte", "cryophyte", "dermatophyte", "epiphyte", "gametophyte", "hydrophyte", "neophyte", "phytogenic", "phytoplankton", "pteridophyte", "saprophyte", "spermatophyte", "sporophyte", "thallophyte", "xerophyte", "zoophyte" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "-faction, -ification, -efaction": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "ammonification", "amplification", "beatification", "beautification", "benefaction", "clarification", "classification", "fortification", "glorification", "identification", "liquefaction", "magnification", "malefaction", "modification", "notification", "qualification", "ramification", "satisfaction", "stupefaction", "tumefaction", "vinification" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "act or process of making or becoming", "root": "-faction, -ification, -efaction", "function": "The suffix -ification, -efactionforms nouns from verbs ending in -ify, -efy, -fy. It is a compound of fac, fic, fec, fact, fect + -ion. The -fy and -efy forms become -efaction(stupefy, stupefaction); -ify becomes -ification(magnify, magnification).\r\n" }, "in-2": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "inaccurate", "inadvertent", "inalienable", "inanimate", "inappropriate", "inapt", "inarticulate", "inaudible", "inauspicious", "incapable", "incessant", "incest", "incognito", "incognizant", "incommensurate", "incommodious", "incompetent", "incomplete", "incomprehensible", "inconceivable", "inconclusive", "incongruous", "inconsiderate", "inconsonant", "inconspicuous", "inconvenient", "incorporeal", "incorrect", "incorrigible", "incorrupt", "incredible", "incredulous", "incurable", "indecorous", "indefeasible", "indefinite", "indelible", "indemnify", "independence", "independent", "indescribable", "indestructible", "indignant", "indirect", "indispose", "indistinct", "individual", "indivisible", "indolent", "indomitable", "indubitable", "inedible", "ineffable", "inefficient", "ineluctable", "inept", "inequality", "inequity", "ineradicable", "inert", "inevitable", "inexorable", "inexpensive", "inexpiable", "inexplicable", "infallible", "infamous", "infelicitous", "infidel", "infidelity", "infinite", "infinitesimal", "infirmity", "informal", "infrequent", "inimical", "inimitable", "iniquitous", "iniquity", "injure", "injury", "innocuous", "innominate", "inordinate", "insane", "insatiable", "inscrutable", "inseparable", "insipid", "insolent", "insomnia", "insouciant", "insuperable", "intangible", "interminable", "intractable", "intransigent", "intransitive", "intrepid", "invaluable", "inveracity", "invincible", "invisible", "irregular" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "not, without", "root": "in-2", "function": "The prefix in-2occurs in Latin loanwords and attaches to Latinate bases. The bases of most words prefixed with in-2are independentadjectives (inadvertent, incognizant), although the base adjective may no longer be in widespread use (as with incessant). Exceptions include iniquitousand indignant. -in2has multiple forms, as the 'n' sound in in-2assimilates to the initial sound of the base to which it is attached. See the assimilated forms ig-, il-2, im-2, and ir-2.\r\n" }, "fin": { "meaning": "end, limit", "class": "root", "root": "fin", "example": [ "confine", "define", "definite", "final", "finalist", "finality", "finalize", "finish", "finite", "indefinite", "infinite", "infinitive", "infinity" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ile, -il": { "meaning": "capable of being or undergoing; pertaining to", "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "root": "-ile, -il", "example": [ "agile", "civil", "docile", "ductile", "fragile", "labile", "mobile", "prehensile", "puerile", "uncivil", "versatile", "virile" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "alg, algo, -algia": { "meaning": "pain", "class": "root", "root": "alg, algo, -algia", "example": [ "analgesia", "analgesic", "arthralgia", "coxalgia", "neuralgia", "nostalgia" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "peri": { "meaning": "around, surrounding", "class": "root", "root": "peri", "example": [ "aperiodic", "perianth", "pericarditis", "pericardium", "pericarp", "pericranium", "perigee", "perigynous", "perihelion", "perimeter", "period", "periodic", "periodontal", "periodontics", "periosteum", "peripatetic", "peripheral", "periphery", "periphrasis", "periphrastic", "periscope", "peristome", "peristyle", "peritoneum", "peritonitis" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "phor, pher, -phore": { "synonyms": "fer, lat2, -late", "class": "root", "example": [ "amphora", "anaphora", "diaphoresis", "dysphoria", "euphoria", "euphoric", "gametophore", "metaphor", "oophorectomy", "periphery", "phosphorescence", "phosphorus", "pyrophoric" ], "meaning": "carry, bear", "root": "phor, pher, -phore", "origin": "Greek" }, "quin, quint, quinqu": { "meaning": "five, fifth", "class": "root", "root": "quin, quint, quinqu", "example": [ "quinquagenarian", "Quinquagesima", "quinquennial", "quinquevalent", "quintessence", "quintet", "quintillion", "quintuple", "quintuplet" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "astr, aster, astro": { "synonyms": "stell", "class": "root", "example": [ "aster", "asterisk", "asterism", "asteroid", "astral", "astrodome", "astrolabe", "astrology", "astronaut", "astronautics", "astronomical", "astronomical unit", "astronomy", "astrophysics", "bioastronautics", "disaster" ], "meaning": "star", "root": "astr, aster, astro", "origin": "Greek" }, "magn, magna, magni, maj": { "antonyms": "min, micro-", "synonyms": "maxi, mega, megal, megalo, -megaly, macro-", "class": "root", "example": [ "magnanimity", "magnanimous", "magnate", "magnificent", "magnify", "magniloquent", "magnitude", "magnum", "major", "majority", "majesty", "majestic" ], "meaning": "great, large", "root": "magn, magna, magni, maj", "origin": "Latin" }, "rot": { "meaning": "turn", "class": "root", "root": "rot", "example": [ "rotary", "rotate", "rotative", "rotatory", "rotifer", "rotisserie", "rotor", "rotund", "rotunda" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "lingu": { "meaning": "language, tongue", "class": "root", "root": "lingu", "example": [ "bilingual", "lingual", "linguine", "linguist", "linguistic", "linguistics", "monolingual", "multilingual", "psycholinguistics", "trilingual" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ose2": { "meaning": "carbohydrate, esp. sugar", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "root": "-ose2", "example": [ "cellulose", "dextrose", "fructose", "glucose", "lactose", "maltose", "sucrose", "xylose" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "ex-": { "synonyms": "extr-, extra-, exter-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "exalt", "exceed", "excel", "excellent", "exclude", "exclusion", "exhaust", "exit", "exorbitant", "expatriate", "expedition", "expel", "expensive", "explicable", "export", "expurgate", "extemporaneous", "extract", "inexplicable" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "out, out of, away from", "root": "ex-", "function": "The prefix ex-was a Latin preposition and prefix and occurs in English in Latin loanwords, such as exitand expel. It has multiple forms, as the 'x' sound in ex-assimilates to the initial sound of the base to which it is attached. See its assimilated forms e-, ef-, and es-. \u000bex-is also used in the formation of English words such as \"ex-partner,\" where it means \"formerly having the status of.\"\r\n" }, "numer": { "meaning": "number", "class": "root", "root": "numer", "example": [ "enumerate", "numeral", "numerous" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "sol1": { "synonyms": "heli, helio", "class": "root", "example": [ "circumsolar", "lunisolar", "parasol", "solar", "solar eclipse", "solar system", "solarium" ], "meaning": "sun", "root": "sol1", "origin": "Latin" }, "giga": { "meaning": "giant; billion", "class": "root", "root": "giga", "example": [ "gigahertz" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "divid, divis": { "meaning": "divide", "class": "root", "root": "divid, divis", "example": [ "divide", "dividend", "divisible", "division", "divisive", "individual", "individualist", "individuality", "individualize", "indivisible", "subdivide" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "al-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "allege", "alliteration", "allocate", "allude", "allusion" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "to, toward", "root": "al-", "function": "The prefix al-occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of ad-used before roots beginning with the letter \"l,\" such as \"loc\" and \"leg.\" See ad-.\r\n" }, "-er, -or, -ar2": { "synonyms": "-ist, -ite2, -ator, -an, -ian, -ean", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "actor", "administrator", "builder", "batter3", "beggar", "broiler", "burglar", "bursar", "captor", "carrier", "censor", "cleaner", "commissioner", "computer", "consumer", "container", "dancer", "diner", "director", "doctor", "drinker", "driver", "employer", "farmer", "freezer", "laborer", "lecher", "liar", "manager", "motor", "painter1", "pitcher2", "player", "potter", "preacher", "razor", "refrigerator", "reporter", "runner", "sailor", "scribbler", "sculptor", "seller", "singer", "speaker", "survivor", "teacher", "user", "vendor", "washer", "worker", "writer" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "a person or thing that does", "root": "-er, -or, -ar2", "function": "The suffix group -er, -or, -ar2turns verbs into agent nouns.\r\n" }, "terr, terra": { "synonyms": "geo", "class": "root", "example": [ "inter", "subterranean", "terra cotta", "terrace", "terrain", "terrarium", "terrestrial", "terrier", "territory" ], "meaning": "earth, land", "root": "terr, terra", "origin": "Latin" }, "-y2": { "meaning": "state, quality, act, or practice of", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "root": "-y2", "example": [ "assembly", "beggary", "calumny", "carpentry", "energy", "fury", "infamy", "injury", "inquiry", "misery", "modesty", "perjury", "soldiery", "treasury" ], "origin": "Latin and Greek" }, "-ic": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "abiotic", "acerbic", "acidic", "aerobic", "agnostic", "analgesic", "anthropocentric", "antibiotic", "aquatic", "civic", "comic", "critic", "democratic", "domestic", "dramatic", "eccentric", "economic", "erratic", "erotic", "euphoric", "euphotic", "fantastic", "heliocentric", "geometric", "magic", "microscopic", "music", "pathetic", "periodic", "philosophical", "physical", "physics", "psychic", "sonic", "sympathetic" ], "origin": "Latin and Greek", "meaning": "like, pertaining to", "root": "-ic", "function": "The suffix -icattaches to roots and words of Greek or Latin origin to form adjectives. A few words ending in -ic(magic, critic, music) were adjectives that became nouns in Greek before they entered English, also as nouns.\r\n" }, "-otic": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "antibiotic", "hypnotic", "necrotic", "neurotic", "psychotic", "sclerotic", "symbiotic" ], "origin": "Greek", "meaning": "having or related to (a condition or state)", "root": "-otic", "function": "The suffix -oticattaches to Greek roots to form adjectives corresponding to nouns ending in \"-osis.\"\r\n" }, "nox, noct, noctu": { "meaning": "night", "class": "root", "root": "nox, noct, noctu", "example": [ "equinox", "nocturnal", "nocturne" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "somn": { "synonyms": "hypn", "class": "root", "example": [ "insomnia", "somnambulate", "somniloquy", "somnolent" ], "meaning": "sleep", "root": "somn", "origin": "Latin" }, "val, valu, valid": { "meaning": "strength; worth", "class": "root", "root": "val, valu, valid", "example": [ "bivalent", "divalent", "equivalent", "evaluate", "heptavalent", "invalidate", "invaluable", "multivalent", "pentavalent", "polyvalent", "quinquevalent", "tetravalent", "trivalent", "univalent", "valid", "validate", "valor", "valorize", "valorous", "valuable", "value" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "ali": { "meaning": "other, foreign", "class": "root", "root": "ali", "example": [ "alias", "alibi", "alien", "alienate", "inalienable" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "mim": { "meaning": "copy, imitate", "class": "root", "root": "mim", "example": [ "mime", "mimeograph", "mimic", "mimicry", "pantomime" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "plac": { "meaning": "calm; please", "class": "root", "root": "plac", "example": [ "complacency", "complacent", "implacable", "placable", "placate", "placatory", "placid" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "arbor": { "meaning": "tree", "class": "root", "root": "arbor", "example": [ "arbor", "Arbor Day", "arboreal", "arborescent", "arboretum", "arborvitae" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "apo-, aph-": { "meaning": "from, away from, off, off from", "class": "prefix", "root": "apo-, aph-", "example": [ "aphelion", "apheresis", "aphesis", "aphorism", "apocalypse", "apocarpous", "apocope", "Apocrypha", "apocryphal", "apodosis", "apogamy", "apogee", "apologetics", "apologia", "apologue", "apology", "apophthegm", "apoplexy", "apostasy", "apostle", "apostrophe", "apothecary", "apothegm", "apotheosis", "plasmapheresis" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "sequi, secut, seque": { "meaning": "to follow", "class": "root", "root": "sequi, secut, seque", "example": [ "consecutive", "consequence", "consequent", "persecute", "prosecute", "sequel", "sequence" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "sept": { "synonyms": "hept, hepta", "class": "root", "example": [ "September", "septennial", "septet", "septillion", "septuagenarian", "Septuagint", "septuple" ], "meaning": "seven", "root": "sept", "origin": "Latin" }, "medi": { "synonyms": "meso-", "class": "root", "example": [ "immediate", "intermediary", "intermediate", "media1", "mediaeval", "medial", "median", "mediant", "mediate", "medieval", "mediocre", "Mediterranean", "medium" ], "meaning": "middle", "root": "medi", "origin": "Latin" }, "-osity": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "animosity", "curiosity", "generosity", "monstrosity", "pomposity", "porosity", "varicosity", "verbosity", "virtuosity", "viscosity" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "state or condition of", "root": "-osity", "function": "Most adjectives ending in \"-ous,\" or \"-ose1\" can combine with \"-ity\" to form nouns ending in -osity.\r\n" }, "ego": { "meaning": "I, self", "class": "root", "root": "ego", "example": [ "alter ego", "ego", "egocentric", "egoist", "egomania", "egotism", "egotist" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "aer, aero": { "meaning": "air, gas", "class": "root", "root": "aer, aero", "example": [ "aerate", "aerial", "aerobatics", "aerobe", "aerobic", "aerobics", "aerobiology", "aerodynamics", "aeroembolism", "aerolite", "aerology", "aeromechanics", "aeronautics", "aeropause", "aerosol", "aerospace", "aerostat", "aerostatics", "anaerobe", "anaerobic" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "pend, pens": { "meaning": "hang; weigh; spend", "class": "root", "root": "pend, pens", "example": [ "append", "appendix", "depend", "dependable", "dependent", "independence", "independent", "pendulum", "suspend", "suspense", "expend", "expensive", "pensive", "impend" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "jud, jur, just": { "meaning": "justice, law; swear", "class": "root", "root": "jud, jur, just", "example": [ "adjudicate", "abjure", "adjure", "conjure", "injudicious", "injure", "injury", "injustice", "judge", "judgment", "judicial", "judiciary", "judicious", "juridical", "jurisdiction", "jurisprudence", "jury", "just", "justice", "justify", "perjure", "perjury", "unjust" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "neur, neuro": { "meaning": "nerve", "class": "root", "root": "neur, neuro", "example": [ "neuralgia", "neurasthenia", "neuritis", "neurology", "neuron", "neuropathy", "neuropsychiatry", "neuropterous", "neurosis", "neurosurgery", "neurotic", "neurotransmitter", "neurotropic", "psychoneurosis" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "rap": { "meaning": "seize, carry off by force", "class": "root", "root": "rap", "example": [ "enrapt", "enrapture", "rapacious", "rapacity", "rape", "rapt", "raptor", "raptorial", "rapture" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ory, -atory2": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "accusatory", "advisory", "aleatory", "amatory", "ambulatory", "anticipatory", "auditory", "commendatory", "compulsory", "conciliatory", "cursory", "dextrorotatory", "ejaculatory", "exclamatory", "exploratory", "illusory", "mandatory", "obligatory", "perfunctory", "placatory", "preparatory", "refractory", "respiratory", "satisfactory", "sensory", "transitory" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "serving to, pertaining to", "root": "-ory, -atory2", "function": "The suffix -ory, -atory2attaches to Latin verb roots to form adjectives. Adjectives ending in \"-atory\" tend to have corresponding verbs ending in \"-ate\" (congratulatory: congratulate).\r\n" }, "clin, cline": { "meaning": "lean, slope", "class": "root", "root": "clin, cline", "example": [ "anticline", "clinometer", "declination", "decline", "disinclination", "disincline", "incline", "isocline", "monocline", "monoclinous", "reclinate", "recline", "syncline", "thermocline" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "mill, milli, -illion": { "meaning": "thousand", "class": "root", "root": "mill, milli, -illion", "example": [ "billion", "decillion", "millennium", "millepede", "milliampere", "millibar", "millieme", "milligram", "milliliter", "millimeter", "millimicron", "million", "millipede", "millisecond", "millivolt", "nonillion", "octillion", "postmillennial", "quadrillion", "quintillion", "septillion", "sextillion", "trillion" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "the, theo": { "synonyms": "dei, div", "class": "root", "example": [ "apotheosis", "atheism", "atheist", "henotheism", "monotheism", "pantheism", "pantheon", "polytheism", "theism", "theocracy", "theodicy", "theology", "theosophy", "tritheism" ], "meaning": "god", "root": "the, theo", "origin": "Greek" }, "-ite3": { "meaning": "mineral or fossil", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "root": "-ite3", "example": [ "ammonite1", "barite", "bauxite", "biotite", "calcite", "cassiterite", "chalcopyrite", "chlorite1", "dolomite", "granite", "graphite", "halite", "hematite", "hyalite", "lignite", "malachite", "manganite", "molybdenite", "nephrite", "pegmatite", "perlite", "pyrite", "quartzite", "samarskite", "selenite", "siderite", "sphalerite", "stalactite", "steatite", "taconite", "tektite", "vermiculite" ], "origin": "Latin and Greek" }, "ambi-": { "synonyms": "amphi-, ampho-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "ambiance", "ambidextrous", "ambience", "ambient", "ambiguous", "circumambient" ], "meaning": "both, on both sides, around", "root": "ambi-", "origin": "Latin" }, "-ous, -ious": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "adventurous", "ambiguous", "amorous", "amorphous", "anadromous", "androgynous", "anomalous", "apetalous", "apocarpous", "apterous", "aqueous", "atrocious", "auspicious", "avaricious", "azygous", "captious", "carnivorous", "chromous", "coterminous", "covetous", "curious", "delicious", "diadromous", "diaphanous", "dicephalous", "dioecious", "disingenuous", "egregious", "endogenous", "enormous", "epigynous", "euphonious", "extemporaneous", "ferocious", "fortuitous", "generous", "glorious", "gracious", "gregarious", "heterogamous", "heterogeneous", "homogeneous", "homogenous", "homologous", "homopterous", "hydrous", "hypogynous", "illustrious", "impecunious", "impervious", "incommodious", "incongruous", "inconspicuous", "indecorous", "infamous", "infelicitous", "innocuous", "intravenous", "isogenous", "isomerous", "joyous", "judicious", "laborious", "ludicrous", "lustrous", "magnanimous", "malicious", "malodorous", "monoclinous", "monoecious", "multiparous", "nauseous", "perigynous", "poisonous", "porous", "precious", "quadrumanous", "ramous", "rebellious", "spacious", "subaqueous", "synchronous", "tubuliflorous", "unanimous", "valorous", "vicious", "wondrous", "xerophilous" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "full of, characterized by", "root": "-ous, -ious", "function": "The suffix \"-ous, -ious\" attaches to Latin, Greek, and native English roots\r\n" }, "blast, blasto": { "meaning": "bud, generative cell", "class": "root", "root": "blast, blasto", "example": [ "blastema", "blastocyst", "blastomere", "blastula", "endoblast", "epiblast", "hematoblast", "hypoblast", "mesoblast", "osteoblast", "trophoblast" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "metr, -meter, -metry": { "meaning": "measure", "class": "root", "root": "metr, -meter, -metry", "example": [ "accelerometer", "altimeter", "ametropia", "ammeter", "anemometer", "aneroid barometer", "anthropometry", "asymmetry", "audiometer", "barometer", "biometrics", "calorimeter", "centimeter", "chronometer", "clinometer", "cliometrics", "craniometry", "cryometer", "cyclometer", "decameter", "decimeter", "dekameter", "diameter", "dosimeter", "dynamometer", "econometrics", "electrometer", "fluorometer", "galvanometer", "geometric progression", "geometry", "goniometer", "gravimeter", "hectometer", "hemacytometer", "hemocytometer", "heptameter", "hexameter", "hydrometer", "hypermetropia", "inclinometer", "interferometer", "isometric", "lysimeter", "magnetometer", "manometer", "meter", "metrics", "metronome", "micrometer", "nanometer", "odometer", "ohmmeter", "optometry", "parameter", "pedometer", "pentameter", "perimeter", "photometer", "photometry", "planimeter", "polarimeter", "potentiometer", "pyrometer", "radiometer", "saccharimeter", "saccharometer", "salimeter", "salinometer", "spectrometer", "speedometer", "sphygmomanometer", "symmetry", "tachometer", "taximeter", "telemetry", "tetrameter", "thermometer", "tonometer", "trigonometry", "trimeter", "turbidimeter", "variometer", "voltammeter", "voltmeter", "wattmeter" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "hosp, host1": { "meaning": "host, guest", "class": "root", "root": "hosp, host1", "example": [ "hospice", "hospitable", "hospital", "hospitality", "host", "hostel", "hostess", "inhospitable" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "sus-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "susceptible", "suspend", "sustain" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "under, below", "root": "sus-", "function": "The prefix \"sus-\" occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of \"sub-.\"\r\n" }, "amphi-, ampho-": { "synonyms": "ambi-", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "amphibian", "amphibious", "amphibole", "amphiprostyle", "amphora", "amphoteric" ], "meaning": "both, on both sides, around", "root": "amphi-, ampho-", "origin": "Greek" }, "cyan, cyano": { "meaning": "blue", "class": "root", "root": "cyan, cyano", "example": [ "cyanic", "cyanine", "cyanosis", "hemocyanin" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "suf-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "suffer", "suffice", "suffix", "suffocate", "suffuse" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "under, below", "root": "suf-", "function": "The prefix suf-occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of sub-used before roots beginning with \"f,\" such as \"fus\" and \"fix.\" See sub-.\r\n" }, "prim, princ": { "synonyms": "proto, prot, arch, archi, arche (archae), archeo, (archaeo), -arch, -archy", "class": "root", "example": [ "primal", "primary", "primer", "primeval", "primogenitor", "primogeniture", "primordial", "primrose", "prince", "princess", "principal", "principality", "principle" ], "meaning": "first", "root": "prim, princ", "origin": "Latin" }, "a-2": { "meaning": "on", "class": "prefix", "root": "a-2", "example": [ "aboard", "afire", "afoot", "ashore", "atop" ], "origin": "Old English" }, "fer, lat2, -late": { "class": "root", "example": [ "ablate", "ablation", "afferent", "aquifer", "collate", "collation", "confer", "conference", "conifer", "correlate", "defer1", "differ", "different", "elate", "elation", "ferry", "infer", "offer", "prefer", "preference", "preferable", "prelate", "proliferate", "refer", "relate", "relation", "relative", "rotifer", "suffer", "transfer", "translate", "translation" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "carry, bring", "root": "fer, lat2, -late", "function": "See also -iferousand -fic" }, "ram, rami": { "meaning": "branch", "class": "root", "root": "ram, rami", "example": [ "ramification", "ramiform", "ramify", "ramose", "ramous" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ar1": { "class": "adjective-forming suffix", "example": [ "angular", "cellular", "circular", "linear", "lunar", "muscular", "particular", "perpendicular", "popular", "regular", "similar", "solar", "spectacular", "stellar", "tubular" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "of, pertaining to, or resembling", "root": "-ar1", "function": "The suffix -ar1attaches to bound Latinate bases to form adjectives. Most adjectives ending in -ar1combine with the suffix -ity to form nouns ending in -arity. -ar1is a variant of -al2, -ial that for phonological reasons occurs with bases ending in 'l'.\r\n" }, "ob-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "obliterate", "obloquy", "obstinacy", "obtrude", "object" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "towards; against; away", "root": "ob-", "function": "The prefix ob-is a Latin preposition and prefix and occurs in English in Latin loanwords, such as object. It has multiple forms, as the 'b' sound in ob-assimilates to the initial sound of the base to which it is attached. See its assimilated forms oc-, of-, op-, and o-.\r\n" }, "corp, corpo, corpor, corpus": { "meaning": "body", "class": "root", "root": "corp, corpo, corpor, corpus", "example": [ "corporal", "corporate", "corporation", "corporeal", "corps", "corpse", "corpulence", "corpulent", "corpus", "corpuscle", "incorporate", "incorporeal" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "fus, found2": { "meaning": "pour, melt", "class": "root", "root": "fus, found2", "example": [ "circumfuse", "confound", "confuse", "confusion", "diffuse", "diffusive", "effusive", "found3", "foundry", "infuse", "infusion", "interfuse", "profuse", "profusion", "suffuse", "transfuse" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-en1": { "class": "verb-forming suffix", "example": [ "awaken", "bedizen", "blacken", "brighten", "broaden", "chasten", "cheapen", "coarsen", "dampen", "darken", "deaden", "deafen", "deepen", "enlighten", "enliven", "fatten", "flatten", "foreshorten", "freshen", "frighten", "gladden", "glisten", "harden", "hasten", "hoarsen", "lengthen", "lessen", "lighten", "loosen", "moisten", "neaten", "redden", "richen", "ripen", "sharpen", "shorten", "soften", "steepen", "straighten", "strengthen", "tauten", "tighten", "weaken", "whiten", "widen" ], "origin": "Old English", "meaning": "to cause to be or become or have", "root": "-en1", "function": "The suffix -en1forms verbs from monosyllabic English adjectives.\r\n" }, "ped2, pedo": { "meaning": "child", "class": "root", "root": "ped2, pedo", "example": [ "encyclopedia", "orthopedics", "pedagogue", "pedagogy", "pediatrician", "pediatrics", "pedophile", "pedophilia" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "phyll, phyllo": { "meaning": "leaf", "class": "root", "root": "phyll, phyllo", "example": [ "chlorophyll", "phyllotaxis", "phylloxera", "sporophyll" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "erg, ergo, urg": { "meaning": "work", "class": "root", "root": "erg, ergo, urg", "example": [ "allergy", "dramaturgy", "energetics", "energy", "erg", "ergonomics", "liturgy", "metallurgy", "synergism", "synergy", "thaumaturgy", "zymurgy" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "tri": { "meaning": "three", "class": "root", "root": "tri", "example": [ "triad", "triangle", "triathlon", "tricentennial", "triceps", "triclinic", "tricorn", "tricuspid", "tricycle", "trident", "tridentate", "triennial", "trifid", "trifocal", "trifoliate", "trigonometry", "trihedron", "trilateral", "trilingual", "trillion", "trilobate", "trilobite", "trilogy", "trimester", "trimeter", "trinity", "trinomial", "trio", "tripartite", "triple", "triplet", "triplicate", "tripod", "trireme", "trisect", "triskaidekaphobia", "trisomic", "tristich", "trisyllable", "tritheism", "tritone", "triune", "trivalent", "triweekly" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "lit, litera": { "meaning": "letter, reading", "class": "root", "root": "lit, litera", "example": [ "alliteration", "illiteracy", "illiterate", "literacy", "literal", "literary", "literate", "literati", "literature", "transliterate" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "tact, tang, ting, tig": { "meaning": "touch", "class": "root", "root": "tact, tang, ting, tig", "example": [ "contact", "contiguity", "contiguous", "contingent", "intact", "intangible", "tact", "tactful", "tactile", "tangent", "tangible" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "pale, paleo": { "meaning": "ancient", "class": "root", "root": "pale, paleo", "example": [ "paleethnology", "paleography", "Paleolithic", "paleontology", "Paleozoic" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "ment": { "meaning": "mind", "class": "root", "root": "ment", "example": [ "demented", "mental", "mentality", "mentation", "mention" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "hypn, hypno": { "synonyms": "somn", "class": "root", "example": [ "hypnology", "hypnosis", "hypnotic", "hypnotism" ], "meaning": "sleep", "root": "hypn, hypno", "origin": "Greek" }, "-ite2": { "meaning": "person or thing that comes from, or is a member or follower of", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "root": "-ite2", "example": [ "Carmelite", "laborite", "Luddite", "Muscovite", "New Hampshirite", "New Jerseyite", "Semite", "Shiite", "suburbanite", "Sunnite", "sybarite", "urbanite", "Wisconsinite", "Wyomingite" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "suc-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "succeed", "success", "succumb" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "under, below", "root": "suc-", "function": "The prefix suc-occurs in Latin loanwords. It is an assimilated form of sub-used before roots beginning with \"c,\" such as \"ced, ces, -ceed, -cede, -cess.\" See sub-.\r\n" }, "radi": { "meaning": "ray, spoke", "class": "root", "root": "radi", "example": [ "irradiate", "radiant", "radiate", "radioactive", "radiology", "radium", "radius", "ray" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-itis": { "meaning": "inflammation", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "root": "-itis", "example": [ "appendicitis", "arthritis", "bronchitis", "bursitis", "colitis", "dermatitis", "encephalitis", "endocarditis", "enteritis", "gastritis", "gastroenteritis", "gingivitis", "hepatitis", "ileitis", "laryngitis", "mastitis", "mastoiditis", "meningitis", "myelitis", "nephritis", "neuritis", "oophoritis", "osteitis", "osteomyelitis", "otitis", "ovaritis", "parotitis", "pericarditis", "peritonitis", "pharyngitis", "phlebitis", "poliomyelitis", "retinitis", "rhinitis", "salpingitis", "sinusitis", "spondylitis", "tendinitis", "vaginitis" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "gon": { "meaning": "angle", "class": "root", "root": "gon", "example": [ "diagonal", "heptagon", "hexagon", "nonagon", "octagon", "pentagon", "polygon", "trigonometry" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "trud, trus": { "meaning": "push", "class": "root", "root": "trud, trus", "example": [ "intrude", "intrusive", "obtrude", "obtrusive", "protrude", "protrusive" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "re-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "irrefragable", "irremissible", "irrevocable", "re-coil", "re-cover", "react", "reappear", "rebuild", "recall", "recede", "recoil", "reconstruct", "record", "recover", "redo", "reflect", "reflection", "regress", "reheat", "relive", "remissible", "remit", "remove", "renew", "renewal", "repaint", "repay", "replay", "replete", "report", "reporter", "reservation", "resign", "resignation", "respect", "retract", "reverse", "reversible", "revert", "review", "revise", "revision", "revive", "revolve", "revolution", "rewrite", "rebel", "rebellious" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "again; back or back again", "root": "re-", "function": "The prefix re-occurs in verbs that are Latin loanwords, where it can mean \"again\" (revise) or \"back again\" (reflect). It also attaches to English verbs (replay, rewind) with both meanings. Any verb can be prefixed by \"re-\" to indicate that an action is repeated. No hyphen is necessary unless the word formed is identical to an existing word (re-sign the document, but resignfrom a job).\r\n" }, "chrom, chromo, chromato, -chrome": { "meaning": "color, pigment; the element chromium or the substance chromatin", "class": "root", "root": "chrom, chromo, chromato, -chrome", "example": [ "achromatic", "achromic", "bichromate", "chroma", "chromate", "chromatic", "chromatics", "chromatin", "chrome", "chromic", "chromium", "chromolithograph", "chromolithography", "chromosome", "chromosphere", "chromous", "dichromatic", "dichromic", "hemochromatosis", "Mercurochrome", "monochromatic", "monochrome", "panchromatic", "photochromic", "polychrome" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "eco": { "meaning": "habitat, environment", "class": "root", "root": "eco", "example": [ "ecocide", "ecology", "economic", "economics", "economist", "economy", "ecosystem", "ecotourism" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "para": { "meaning": "defense against", "class": "root", "root": "para", "example": [ "parachute", "parapet", "parasol" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "gam, gamo, -gamy": { "meaning": "marriage", "class": "root", "root": "gam, gamo, -gamy", "example": [ "allogamy", "apogamy", "autogamy", "bigamy", "gamete", "heterogamous", "monogamy", "polygamy" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "-ance, -ence, -ency, -ancy": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "absence", "acceptance", "accountancy", "admittance", "agency", "ambiance", "ambience", "appetency", "arrogance", "ascendancy", "attendance", "audience", "belligerency", "benevolence", "brilliancy", "buoyancy", "cadence", "clemency", "complacency", "conference", "confidence", "consequence", "conservancy", "consistency", "constancy", "constituency", "contingency", "counterinsurgency", "countertendency", "currency", "decency", "deficiency", "delinquency", "dependency", "despondency", "difference", "disappearance", "discrepancy", "disturbance", "efficiency", "eloquence", "emergency", "equivalency", "excellency", "exigency", "expectancy", "expediency", "fluency", "frequency", "hesitancy", "importance", "incoherency", "inconsistency", "incumbency", "indecency", "independence", "independency", "inefficiency", "infancy", "insufficiency", "insurgency", "interagency", "interdependency", "itinerancy", "latency", "leniency", "malfeasance", "malignancy", "mendicancy", "nonbelligerency", "nonemergency", "occupancy", "occurrence", "patency", "permanency", "piquancy", "poignancy", "potency", "preference", "pregnancy", "presidency", "proficiency", "pungency", "redundancy", "regency", "remembrance", "residence", "residency", "science", "solvency", "stringency", "subagency", "sufficiency", "superefficiency", "superintendency", "tenancy", "tendency", "transparency", "urgency", "vacancy", "vagrancy" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "state, quality, or act of", "root": "-ance, -ence, -ency, -ancy", "function": "The suffix group -ance, -ence, -ency, -ancyattaches to verbs and Latin verb stems to create nouns. The suffix -anceis usually attached to whole English words, whereas -enceis usually attached to roots: compare eloquenceand acceptance. For most nouns ending in -ance, -ence, -ency, -ancy, there is a correponsponding adjective form ending in -ant, -ent.\r\n" }, "-mancy": { "meaning": "divination", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "root": "-mancy", "example": [ "bibliomancy", "chiromancy", "necromancy", "oneiromancy" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "agr, agro, agri": { "meaning": "field, farm, crop", "class": "root", "root": "agr, agro, agri", "example": [ "agrarian", "agribusiness", "agriculture", "agrobiology", "agrochemical", "agronomy" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "pan, panto": { "meaning": "all", "class": "root", "root": "pan, panto", "example": [ "cyclorama", "panacea", "panchromatic", "pancreas", "pandect", "pandemic", "pandemonium", "panegyric", "panoply", "panorama", "pantheism", "pantheon", "pantograph", "pantomime" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "ad-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "adapt", "add", "addict", "addiction", "adduce", "adequate", "adhere", "adherent", "adit", "adjacent", "adjective", "adjunct", "adjure", "adjust", "administer", "administrative", "administrator", "admissible", "admission", "admit", "admonition", "adopt", "adoption", "advent", "adverb", "adversary", "adverse", "adversity", "advert", "advertent", "advertise", "advocate", "inadvertent" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "to, toward", "root": "ad-", "function": "Originally a Latin preposition and prefix, ad-occurs in English in Latin loanwords. It has multiple forms, as the final 'd' sound in ad-assimilates to the initial sound of the base to which it is attached. See its assimilated forms: ac-, af-, ag-1, al-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, and at-.\r\n" }, "-ad, -ade": { "meaning": "group (of a certain number indicated by the base)", "class": "noun-forming suffix", "root": "-ad, -ade", "example": [ "decade", "ennead", "heptad", "monad", "myriad", "pentad", "tetrad", "triad" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "cine, kine, kinet, kinemat": { "meaning": "motion", "class": "root", "root": "cine, kine, kinet, kinemat", "example": [ "cinema", "cinematographer", "cinematography", "kinematics", "kinescope", "kinesics", "kinesthesia", "kinetic", "kinetics", "kinetin", "psychokinesis", "telekinesis" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "infra-": { "meaning": "above, over", "class": "prefix", "root": "infra-", "example": [ "infrared", "infrasonic", "infrastructure" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "-ism2": { "class": "noun-forming suffix", "example": [ "ageism", "capitalism", "chauvinism", "communism", "environmentalism", "extremism", "fanaticism", "fascism", "feminism", "materialism", "monotheism", "patriotism", "pluralism", "polytheism", "racism", "realism", "sexism", "socialism", "theism" ], "origin": "Greek", "meaning": "doctrine, belief, theory", "root": "-ism2", "function": "The suffix -ism2has the same origin as -ism1but attaches to bases of diverse origins to form nouns denoting doctrines, beliefs, or theories. In the growing group of words modeled on the word \"racism,\" -ismmeans \"bias based on,\" as in \"sexism\" and \"ageism.\" The majority of nouns ending in -ism2have a corresponding adjective and noun form ending in -ist.\r\n" }, "alt, alti, alto": { "meaning": "high", "class": "root", "root": "alt, alti, alto", "example": [ "altimeter", "altitude", "alto", "altocumulus", "altoist", "altostratus", "exalt", "exaltation", "exalted" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "mut": { "meaning": "change, interchange", "class": "root", "root": "mut", "example": [ "commute", "immutable", "mutation", "mutual", "permute", "transmute" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "fore-": { "meaning": "before, in time or position", "class": "root", "root": "fore-", "example": [ "forearm", "forecast", "forecheck", "forego", "foregone", "foreground", "forehead", "foreknow", "forerun", "foresail", "foresee", "foreshadow", "foreshock", "foretaste", "foretell", "forethought", "forewarn" ], "origin": "Old English" }, "volv, volu, volut": { "meaning": "roll, turn", "class": "root", "root": "volv, volu, volut", "example": [ "convoluted", "convolution", "convolve", "convolvulus", "devolve", "evolution", "evolve", "involucre", "involute", "involve", "microevolution", "revolution", "revolve", "revolver", "vault", "voluble", "volume", "voluminous", "volute", "volvulus" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "dys-": { "antonyms": "eu", "synonyms": "mal, male", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "dysentery", "dysfunction", "dyslexia", "dysmenorrhea", "dyspepsia", "dysphagia", "dysphonia", "dysphoria", "dysplasia", "dyspnea", "dysprosium", "dystrophy", "muscular dystrophy" ], "meaning": "bad, difficult, abnormal", "root": "dys-", "origin": "Greek" }, "spor, sporo, spori": { "meaning": "sowing; seed", "class": "root", "root": "spor, sporo, spori", "example": [ "Diaspora", "sporangium", "spore", "sporophyll", "sporophyte", "zoospore", "zygospore" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "san": { "meaning": "health", "class": "root", "root": "san", "example": [ "insane", "insanity", "sane", "sanitarium", "sanitary" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "melan, melano": { "meaning": "black", "class": "root", "root": "melan, melano", "example": [ "melancholia", "melancholy", "Melanesian", "melanin", "melanism", "melanoma" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "counter-, contra-": { "meaning": "against, in the opposite direction", "class": "prefix", "root": "counter-, contra-", "example": [ "contradict", "contradiction", "contraindicate", "contrary", "contravene", "counteract", "counterattack", "counterbalance", "counterclockwise", "counterinsurgency", "counterpoint" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "scen, scend": { "meaning": "climb", "class": "root", "root": "scen, scend", "example": [ "ascend", "ascent", "descend", "descendent", "descent", "transcend", "transcendent" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "spher, -sphere": { "meaning": "ball", "class": "root", "root": "spher, -sphere", "example": [ "atmosphere", "atmospherics", "bathysphere", "biosphere", "celestial sphere", "chromosphere", "exosphere", "hemisphere", "hydrosphere", "ionosphere", "lithosphere", "magnetosphere", "mesosphere", "ozonosphere", "photosphere", "planisphere", "spheroid", "stratosphere", "thermosphere" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "noun, nunc": { "meaning": "declare", "class": "root", "root": "noun, nunc", "example": [ "announce", "announcement", "annunciation", "denounce", "denunciation", "enunciate", "pronounce", "pronouncement", "pronunciation" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "ject, jet, jac": { "meaning": "throw; lie", "class": "root", "root": "ject, jet, jac", "example": [ "abject", "adjacent", "adjective", "conjecture", "deject", "dejection", "ejaculatory", "eject", "inject", "injection", "interject", "interjection", "jet", "jetsam", "jettison", "object", "objective", "project", "projectile", "projection", "reject", "rejection", "subjacent", "subject", "subjective", "trajectory" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "omni-": { "meaning": "all", "class": "prefix", "root": "omni-", "example": [ "omnibus", "omnidirectional", "omnipotent", "omnipresent", "omniscient", "omnium-gatherum", "omnivorous" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "quadr, quart": { "meaning": "four, fourth", "class": "root", "root": "quadr, quart", "example": [ "forequarter", "hindquarter", "quadrangle", "quadrant", "quadrennial", "quadrilateral", "quadruped", "quadruple", "quart", "quarter", "quarter horse", "quarterly", "quartet", "quarto" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "post-": { "antonyms": "ante-, pre-, pro-2", "class": "prefix", "example": [ "postbellum", "postdate", "postdiluvian", "postdoctoral", "posterior", "posterity", "postgraduate", "posthumous", "posthypnotic", "postlude", "postmeridian", "postmillennial", "postmortem", "postnasal", "postpartum", "postpone", "postprandial", "postscript" ], "meaning": "after, behind", "root": "post-", "origin": "Latin" }, "naut": { "synonyms": "nav", "class": "root", "example": [ "aeronautics", "aquanaut", "astronaut", "nautical", "nautilus" ], "meaning": "ship; sailor", "root": "naut", "origin": "Greek" }, "sen": { "meaning": "old", "class": "root", "root": "sen", "example": [ "senate", "senator", "senile", "senior", "seniority" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "dactyl": { "meaning": "finger", "class": "root", "root": "dactyl", "example": [ "dactyl", "dactylography", "pterodactyl" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "plu, plur": { "meaning": "more", "class": "root", "root": "plu, plur", "example": [ "pluperfect", "plural", "pluralism", "pluralistic", "plurality", "plus", "surplus" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "vir": { "meaning": "man", "class": "root", "root": "vir", "example": [ "triumvirate", "virago", "virile", "virility" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "mis-": { "meaning": "bad, badly, wrongly", "class": "prefix", "root": "mis-", "example": [ "misbehave", "miscalculate", "mischance", "mischief", "misconduct", "miscount", "misdeed", "misdemeanor", "misdo", "misfile", "misfire", "misfortune", "misgiving", "misguide", "misjudge", "mislay", "mislead", "misname", "misnomer", "misplace", "mispronounce", "misread", "misspeak", "misspell", "mistake", "mistreat", "mistrust", "misunderstand", "misunderstood", "misuse" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "oc-": { "class": "prefix", "example": [ "occasion", "occidental", "occlude", "occur" ], "origin": "Latin", "meaning": "towards; against; away", "root": "oc-", "function": "The prefix oc-is an assimilated form of ob-used before roots beginning with \"c.\" See ob-.\r\n" }, "penta, pent": { "meaning": "five", "class": "root", "root": "penta, pent", "example": [ "pentacle", "pentad", "pentagon", "pentahedron", "pentameter", "Pentateuch", "pentathlon", "pentavalent", "Pentecost", "pentose" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "cyt, cyto, -cyte": { "meaning": "cell", "class": "root", "root": "cyt, cyto, -cyte", "example": [ "amebocyte", "cytogenetics", "cytology", "cytoplasm", "erythrocyte", "gametocyte", "hemacytometer", "hemocytometer", "leukocyte", "leukocytosis", "lymphocyte", "oocyte", "phagocyte" ], "origin": "Greek" }, "dom1, domin": { "meaning": "master", "class": "root", "root": "dom1, domin", "example": [ "domain", "dominant", "dominate", "domineer", "dominion", "indomitable", "predominant", "predominate", "subdominant" ], "origin": "Latin" }, "luc, lum": { "synonyms": "phot, photo", "class": "root", "example": [ "elucidate", "illuminate", "lucid", "lumen", "luminance", "luminary", "luminescent", "luminiferous", "luminous", "pellucid", "translucent" ], "meaning": "light; shine", "root": "luc, lum", "origin": "Latin" } }