/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 *
 * Contains some contributions under the Thrift Software License.
 * Please see doc/old-thrift-license.txt in the Thrift distribution for
 * details.
 */

#include <cassert>

#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sstream>

#include "platform.h"
#include "t_oop_generator.h"

using std::map;
using std::ofstream;
using std::ostringstream;
using std::string;
using std::stringstream;
using std::vector;

static const string endl = "\n";  // avoid ostream << std::endl flushes

class t_csharp_generator : public t_oop_generator
{
  public:
    t_csharp_generator(
        t_program* program,
        const std::map<std::string, std::string>& parsed_options,
        const std::string& option_string)
      : t_oop_generator(program)
    {
      (void) option_string;

      std::map<std::string, std::string>::const_iterator iter;

      iter = parsed_options.find("async");
      async_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());
      iter = parsed_options.find("asyncctp");
      async_ctp_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());
      if (async_ && async_ctp_) {
        throw "argument error: Cannot specify both async and asyncctp; they are incompatible.";
      }

      iter = parsed_options.find("nullable");
      nullable_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());

      iter = parsed_options.find("hashcode");
      hashcode_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());

      iter = parsed_options.find("union");
      union_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());

      iter = parsed_options.find("serial");
      serialize_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());
      if (serialize_) {
	wcf_namespace_ = iter->second;  // since there can be only one namespace
      }
      
      iter = parsed_options.find("wcf");
      wcf_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());
      if (wcf_) {
	wcf_namespace_ = iter->second;
      }

      out_dir_base_ = "gen-csharp";
    }
    void init_generator();
    void close_generator();

    void generate_consts(std::vector<t_const*> consts);

    void generate_typedef (t_typedef* ttypedef);
    void generate_enum (t_enum* tenum);
    void generate_struct (t_struct* tstruct);
    void generate_union (t_struct* tunion);
    void generate_xception (t_struct* txception);
    void generate_service (t_service* tservice);
    void generate_property(ofstream& out, t_field* tfield, bool isPublic, bool generateIsset);
    void generate_csharp_property(ofstream& out, t_field* tfield, bool isPublic, bool includeIsset=true, std::string fieldPrefix = "");
    bool print_const_value (std::ofstream& out, std::string name, t_type* type, t_const_value* value, bool in_static, bool defval=false, bool needtype=false);
    std::string render_const_value(std::ofstream& out, std::string name, t_type* type, t_const_value* value);
    void print_const_constructor(std::ofstream& out, std::vector<t_const*> consts);
    void print_const_def_value(std::ofstream& out, std::string name, t_type* type, t_const_value* value);

    void generate_csharp_struct(t_struct* tstruct, bool is_exception);
    void generate_csharp_union(t_struct* tunion);
    void generate_csharp_struct_definition(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct, bool is_xception=false, bool in_class=false, bool is_result=false);
    void generate_csharp_union_definition(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tunion);
    void generate_csharp_union_class(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tunion, t_field* tfield);
    void generate_csharp_wcffault(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
    void generate_csharp_struct_reader(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
    void generate_csharp_struct_result_writer(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
    void generate_csharp_struct_writer(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
    void generate_csharp_struct_tostring(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
    void generate_csharp_struct_equals(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
    void generate_csharp_struct_hashcode(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
    void generate_csharp_union_reader(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tunion);

    void generate_function_helpers(t_function* tfunction);
    void generate_service_interface (t_service* tservice);
    void generate_service_helpers (t_service* tservice);
    void generate_service_client (t_service* tservice);
    void generate_service_server (t_service* tservice);
    void generate_process_function (t_service* tservice, t_function* function);

    void generate_deserialize_field (std::ofstream& out, t_field* tfield, std::string prefix="", bool is_propertyless=false);
    void generate_deserialize_struct (std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct, std::string prefix="");
    void generate_deserialize_container (std::ofstream& out, t_type* ttype, std::string prefix="");
    void generate_deserialize_set_element (std::ofstream& out, t_set* tset, std::string prefix="");
    void generate_deserialize_map_element (std::ofstream& out, t_map* tmap, std::string prefix="");
    void generate_deserialize_list_element (std::ofstream& out, t_list* list, std::string prefix="");
    void generate_serialize_field (std::ofstream& out, t_field* tfield, std::string prefix="", bool is_element=false, bool is_propertyless=false);
    void generate_serialize_struct (std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct, std::string prefix="");
    void generate_serialize_container (std::ofstream& out, t_type* ttype, std::string prefix="");
    void generate_serialize_map_element (std::ofstream& out, t_map* tmap, std::string iter, std::string map);
    void generate_serialize_set_element (std::ofstream& out, t_set* tmap, std::string iter);
    void generate_serialize_list_element (std::ofstream& out, t_list* tlist, std::string iter);

    void generate_csharp_doc (std::ofstream& out, t_field*    field);
    void generate_csharp_doc (std::ofstream& out, t_doc*      tdoc);
    void generate_csharp_doc (std::ofstream& out, t_function* tdoc);
    void generate_csharp_docstring_comment (std::ofstream &out, string contents);

    void start_csharp_namespace (std::ofstream& out);
    void end_csharp_namespace (std::ofstream& out);

    std::string csharp_type_usings();
    std::string csharp_thrift_usings();

    std::string type_name(t_type* ttype, bool in_countainer=false, bool in_init=false, bool in_param=false, bool is_required=false);
    std::string base_type_name(t_base_type* tbase, bool in_container=false, bool in_param=false, bool is_required=false);
    std::string declare_field(t_field* tfield, bool init=false, std::string prefix="");
    std::string function_signature_async_begin(t_function* tfunction, std::string prefix = "");
    std::string function_signature_async_end(t_function* tfunction, std::string prefix = "");
    std::string function_signature_async(t_function* tfunction, std::string prefix = "");
    std::string function_signature(t_function* tfunction, std::string prefix="");
    std::string argument_list(t_struct* tstruct);
    std::string type_to_enum(t_type* ttype);
    std::string prop_name(t_field* tfield);
    std::string get_enum_class_name(t_type* type);
    
    std::string make_valid_csharp_identifier( std::string const & fromName);

    bool field_has_default(t_field* tfield) {
      return tfield->get_value() != NULL;
    }

    bool field_is_required(t_field* tfield) {
      return tfield->get_req() == t_field::T_REQUIRED;
    }

    bool type_can_be_null(t_type* ttype) {
      while (ttype->is_typedef()) {
        ttype = ((t_typedef*)ttype)->get_type();
      }

      return ttype->is_container() ||
        ttype->is_struct() ||
        ttype->is_xception() ||
        ttype->is_string();
    }

  private:
    std::string namespace_name_;
    std::ofstream f_service_;
    std::string namespace_dir_;
    bool async_;
    bool async_ctp_;
    bool nullable_;
    bool union_;
    bool hashcode_;
    bool serialize_;
    bool wcf_;
    std::string wcf_namespace_;
};


void t_csharp_generator::init_generator() {
  MKDIR(get_out_dir().c_str());
  namespace_name_ = program_->get_namespace("csharp");

  string dir = namespace_name_;
  string subdir = get_out_dir().c_str();
  string::size_type loc;

  while ((loc = dir.find(".")) != string::npos) {
    subdir = subdir + "/" + dir.substr(0, loc);
    MKDIR(subdir.c_str());
    dir = dir.substr(loc + 1);
  }
  if (dir.size() > 0) {
    subdir = subdir + "/" + dir;
    MKDIR(subdir.c_str());
  }

  namespace_dir_ = subdir;
}

void t_csharp_generator::start_csharp_namespace(ofstream& out) {
  if (!namespace_name_.empty()) {
    out <<
      "namespace " << namespace_name_ << "\n";
    scope_up(out);
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::end_csharp_namespace(ofstream& out) {
  if (!namespace_name_.empty()) {
    scope_down(out);
  }
}

string t_csharp_generator::csharp_type_usings() {
  return string() +
    "using System;\n" +
    "using System.Collections;\n" +
    "using System.Collections.Generic;\n" +
    "using System.Text;\n" +
    "using System.IO;\n" +
    ((async_||async_ctp_) ? "using System.Threading.Tasks;\n" : "") +
    "using Thrift;\n" +
    "using Thrift.Collections;\n" +
    (wcf_ ? "//using System.ServiceModel;\n" : "") +
    "using System.Runtime.Serialization;\n";
}

string t_csharp_generator::csharp_thrift_usings() {
  return string() +
    "using Thrift.Protocol;\n" +
    "using Thrift.Transport;\n";
}

void t_csharp_generator::close_generator() { }
void t_csharp_generator::generate_typedef(t_typedef* ttypedef) {
  (void) ttypedef;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_enum(t_enum* tenum) {
  string f_enum_name = namespace_dir_+"/" + (tenum->get_name())+".cs";
  ofstream f_enum;
  f_enum.open(f_enum_name.c_str());

  f_enum <<
    autogen_comment() << endl;

  start_csharp_namespace(f_enum);

  generate_csharp_doc(f_enum, tenum);

  indent(f_enum) <<
    "public enum " << tenum->get_name() << "\n";
  scope_up(f_enum);

  vector<t_enum_value*> constants = tenum->get_constants();
  vector<t_enum_value*>::iterator c_iter;
  for (c_iter = constants.begin(); c_iter != constants.end(); ++c_iter) {
	generate_csharp_doc(f_enum, *c_iter);

    int value = (*c_iter)->get_value();
    indent(f_enum) << (*c_iter)->get_name() << " = " << value << "," << endl;
  }

  scope_down(f_enum);

  end_csharp_namespace(f_enum);

  f_enum.close();
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_consts(std::vector<t_const*> consts) {
  if (consts.empty()){
    return;
  }
  string f_consts_name = namespace_dir_ + '/' + program_name_ +  ".Constants.cs";
  ofstream f_consts;
  f_consts.open(f_consts_name.c_str());

  f_consts <<
    autogen_comment() <<
    csharp_type_usings() << endl;

  start_csharp_namespace(f_consts);

  indent(f_consts) <<
    "public static class " << make_valid_csharp_identifier(program_name_) << "Constants" << endl;
  scope_up(f_consts);

  vector<t_const*>::iterator c_iter;
  bool need_static_constructor = false;
  for (c_iter = consts.begin(); c_iter != consts.end(); ++c_iter) {
    generate_csharp_doc(f_consts, (*c_iter));
    if (print_const_value(f_consts, (*c_iter)->get_name(), (*c_iter)->get_type(), (*c_iter)->get_value(), false)) {
      need_static_constructor = true;
    }
  }

  if (need_static_constructor) {
    print_const_constructor(f_consts, consts);
  }

  scope_down(f_consts);
  end_csharp_namespace(f_consts);
  f_consts.close();
}

void t_csharp_generator::print_const_def_value(std::ofstream& out, string name, t_type* type, t_const_value* value)
{
  if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception()) {
    const vector<t_field*>& fields = ((t_struct*)type)->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
    const map<t_const_value*, t_const_value*>& val = value->get_map();
    map<t_const_value*, t_const_value*>::const_iterator v_iter;
    for (v_iter = val.begin(); v_iter != val.end(); ++v_iter) {
      t_field* field = NULL;
      for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
        if ((*f_iter)->get_name() == v_iter->first->get_string()) {
          field = (*f_iter);
        }
      }
      if (field == NULL) {
        throw "type error: " + type->get_name() + " has no field " + v_iter->first->get_string();
      }
      t_type* field_type = field->get_type();
      string val = render_const_value(out, name, field_type, v_iter->second);
      indent(out) << name << "." << prop_name(field) << " = " << val << ";" << endl;
    }
  } else if (type->is_map()) {
    t_type* ktype = ((t_map*)type)->get_key_type();
    t_type* vtype = ((t_map*)type)->get_val_type();
    const map<t_const_value*, t_const_value*>& val = value->get_map();
    map<t_const_value*, t_const_value*>::const_iterator v_iter;
    for (v_iter = val.begin(); v_iter != val.end(); ++v_iter) {
      string key = render_const_value(out, name, ktype, v_iter->first);
      string val = render_const_value(out, name, vtype, v_iter->second);
      indent(out) << name << "[" << key << "]" << " = " << val << ";" << endl;
    }
  } else if (type->is_list() || type->is_set()) {
    t_type* etype;
    if (type->is_list()) {
      etype = ((t_list*)type)->get_elem_type();
    } else {
      etype = ((t_set*)type)->get_elem_type();
    }

    const vector<t_const_value*>& val = value->get_list();
    vector<t_const_value*>::const_iterator v_iter;
    for (v_iter = val.begin(); v_iter != val.end(); ++v_iter) {
      string val = render_const_value(out, name, etype, *v_iter);
      indent(out) << name << ".Add(" << val << ");" << endl;
    }
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::print_const_constructor(std::ofstream& out, std::vector<t_const*> consts) {
  indent(out) << "static " << make_valid_csharp_identifier(program_name_).c_str() << "Constants()" << endl;
  scope_up(out);
  vector<t_const*>::iterator c_iter;
  for (c_iter = consts.begin(); c_iter != consts.end(); ++c_iter) {
    string name = (*c_iter)->get_name();
    t_type* type = (*c_iter)->get_type();
    t_const_value* value = (*c_iter)->get_value();

    print_const_def_value(out, name, type, value);
  }
  scope_down(out);
}


//it seems like all that methods that call this are using in_static to be the opposite of what it would imply
bool t_csharp_generator::print_const_value(std::ofstream& out, string name, t_type* type, t_const_value* value, bool in_static, bool defval, bool needtype) {
  indent(out);
  bool need_static_construction = !in_static;
  while (type->is_typedef()) {
    type = ((t_typedef*)type)->get_type();
  }

  if (!defval || needtype) {
    out <<
      (in_static ? "" : "public static ") <<
      type_name(type) << " ";
  }
  if (type->is_base_type()) {
    string v2 = render_const_value(out, name, type, value);
    out << name << " = " << v2 << ";" << endl;
    need_static_construction = false;
  } else if (type->is_enum()) {
    out << name << " = " << type_name(type, false, true) << "." << value->get_identifier_name() << ";" << endl;
    need_static_construction = false;
  } else if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception()) {
    out << name << " = new " << type_name(type) << "();" << endl;
  } else if (type->is_map()) {
    out << name << " = new " << type_name(type, true, true) << "();" << endl;
  } else if (type->is_list() || type->is_set()) {
    out << name << " = new " << type_name(type) << "();" << endl;
  }

  if (defval && !type->is_base_type() && !type->is_enum()) {
    print_const_def_value(out, name, type, value);
  }

  return need_static_construction;
}

std::string t_csharp_generator::render_const_value(ofstream& out, string name, t_type* type, t_const_value* value) {
  (void) name;
  std::ostringstream render;

  if (type->is_base_type()) {
    t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();
    switch (tbase) {
      case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
        render << '"' << get_escaped_string(value) << '"';
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
        render << ((value->get_integer() > 0) ? "true" : "false");
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
      case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
      case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
      case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
        render << value->get_integer();
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
        if (value->get_type() == t_const_value::CV_INTEGER) {
          render << value->get_integer();
        } else {
          render << value->get_double();
        }
        break;
      default:
        throw "compiler error: no const of base type " + tbase;
    }
  } else if (type->is_enum()) {
    render << type->get_name() << "." << value->get_identifier_name();
  } else {
    string t = tmp("tmp");
    print_const_value(out, t, type, value, true, true, true);
    render << t;
  }

  return render.str();
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_struct(t_struct* tstruct) {
  if (union_ && tstruct->is_union()) {
    generate_csharp_union(tstruct);
  } else {
    generate_csharp_struct(tstruct, false);
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_xception(t_struct* txception) {
  generate_csharp_struct(txception, true);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct(t_struct* tstruct, bool is_exception) {
  string f_struct_name = namespace_dir_ + "/" + (tstruct->get_name()) + ".cs";
  ofstream f_struct;

  f_struct.open(f_struct_name.c_str());

  f_struct <<
    autogen_comment() <<
    csharp_type_usings() <<
    csharp_thrift_usings() << endl;

  generate_csharp_struct_definition(f_struct, tstruct, is_exception);

  f_struct.close();
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_definition(ofstream &out, t_struct* tstruct, bool is_exception, bool in_class, bool is_result) {

  if (!in_class) {
    start_csharp_namespace(out);
  }

  out << endl;

  generate_csharp_doc(out, tstruct);

  indent(out) << "#if !SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
  indent(out) << "[Serializable]" << endl; 
  indent(out) << "#endif" << endl;
  if ((serialize_||wcf_) &&!is_exception) {
    indent(out) << "[DataContract(Namespace=\"" << wcf_namespace_ << "\")]" << endl; // do not make exception classes directly WCF serializable, we provide a seperate "fault" for that
  }
  bool is_final = (tstruct->annotations_.find("final") != tstruct->annotations_.end());
 
  indent(out) << "public " << (is_final ? "sealed " : "") << "partial class " << tstruct->get_name() << " : ";

  if (is_exception) {
    out << "TException, ";
  }
  out << "TBase";

  out << endl;

  scope_up(out);

  const vector<t_field*>& members = tstruct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator m_iter;

  //make private members with public Properties
  for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
    // if the field is requied, then we use auto-properties
    if (!field_is_required((*m_iter)) && (!nullable_ || field_has_default((*m_iter)))) {
      indent(out) << "private " << declare_field(*m_iter, false, "_") << endl;
    }
  }
  out << endl;

  bool has_non_required_fields = false;
  bool has_non_required_default_value_fields = false;
  bool has_required_fields = false;
  for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
    generate_csharp_doc(out, *m_iter);
    generate_property(out, *m_iter, true, true);
    bool is_required = field_is_required((*m_iter));
    bool has_default = field_has_default((*m_iter));
    if (is_required) {
      has_required_fields = true;
    } else {
      if (has_default) {
        has_non_required_default_value_fields = true;
      }
      has_non_required_fields = true;
    }
  }

  bool generate_isset =
    (nullable_ && has_non_required_default_value_fields)
    || (!nullable_ && has_non_required_fields);
  if (generate_isset) {
    out <<
      endl <<
      indent() << "public Isset __isset;" << endl <<
      indent() << "#if !SILVERLIGHT" << endl <<
      indent() << "[Serializable]" << endl <<
      indent() << "#endif" << endl;
    if ((serialize_||wcf_)) {
      indent(out) << "[DataContract]" << endl;
    }
    
    indent(out) << "public struct Isset {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
      bool is_required = field_is_required((*m_iter));
      bool has_default = field_has_default((*m_iter));
      // if it is required, don't need Isset for that variable
      // if it is not required, if it has a default value, we need to generate Isset
      // if we are not nullable, then we generate Isset
      if (!is_required && (!nullable_ || has_default)) {
	indent(out) << "public bool " << (*m_iter)->get_name() << ";" << endl;
      }
    }

    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
  }
  
  // We always want a default, no argument constructor for Reading
  indent(out) << "public " << tstruct->get_name() << "() {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
    t_type* t = (*m_iter)->get_type();
    while (t->is_typedef()) {
      t = ((t_typedef*)t)->get_type();
    }
    if ((*m_iter)->get_value() != NULL) {
      if (field_is_required((*m_iter))) {
        print_const_value(out, "this." + prop_name(*m_iter), t, (*m_iter)->get_value(), true, true);
      } else {
        print_const_value(out, "this._" + (*m_iter)->get_name(), t, (*m_iter)->get_value(), true, true);
        // Optionals with defaults are marked set
        indent(out) << "this.__isset." << (*m_iter)->get_name() << " = true;" << endl;
      }
    }
  }
  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
  
  if (has_required_fields) {
    indent(out) << "public " << tstruct->get_name() << "(";
    bool first = true;
    for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
      if (field_is_required((*m_iter))) {
        if (first) {
          first = false;
        } else {
          out << ", ";
        }
        out << type_name((*m_iter)->get_type()) << " " << (*m_iter)->get_name();
      }
    }
    out << ") : this() {" << endl;
    indent_up();

    for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
      if (field_is_required((*m_iter))) {
        indent(out) << "this." << prop_name((*m_iter)) << " = " << (*m_iter)->get_name() << ";" << endl;
      }
    }

    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
  }
  
  generate_csharp_struct_reader(out, tstruct);
  if (is_result) {
    generate_csharp_struct_result_writer(out, tstruct);
  } else {
    generate_csharp_struct_writer(out, tstruct);
  }
  if (hashcode_) {
    generate_csharp_struct_equals(out, tstruct);
    generate_csharp_struct_hashcode(out, tstruct);
  }
  generate_csharp_struct_tostring(out, tstruct);
  scope_down(out);
  out << endl;

  // generate a corresponding WCF fault to wrap the exception
  if((serialize_||wcf_) && is_exception) {
    generate_csharp_wcffault(out, tstruct);
  }

  if (!in_class) {
    end_csharp_namespace(out);
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_wcffault(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct) {
  out << endl;
  indent(out) << "#if !SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
  indent(out) << "[Serializable]" << endl;
  indent(out) << "#endif" << endl;
  indent(out) << "[DataContract]" << endl;
  bool is_final = (tstruct->annotations_.find("final") != tstruct->annotations_.end());

  indent(out) << "public " << (is_final ? "sealed " : "") << "partial class " << tstruct->get_name() << "Fault" << endl;

  scope_up(out);

  const vector<t_field*>& members = tstruct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator m_iter;

  // make private members with public Properties
  for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
    indent(out) <<
    "private " << declare_field(*m_iter, false, "_") << endl;
  }
  out << endl;

  for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
    generate_property(out, *m_iter, true, false);
  }

  scope_down(out);
  out << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_reader(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct) {
  indent(out) <<
    "public void Read (TProtocol iprot)" << endl;
  scope_up(out);

  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;

  // Required variables aren't in __isset, so we need tmp vars to check them
  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    if (field_is_required((*f_iter))) {
      indent(out) << "bool isset_" << (*f_iter)->get_name() << " = false;" << endl;
    }
  }

  indent(out) <<
    "TField field;" << endl <<
    indent() << "iprot.ReadStructBegin();" << endl;

  indent(out) <<
    "while (true)" << endl;
  scope_up(out);

  indent(out) <<
    "field = iprot.ReadFieldBegin();" << endl;

  indent(out) <<
    "if (field.Type == TType.Stop) { " << endl;
  indent_up();
  indent(out) <<
    "break;" << endl;
  indent_down();
  indent(out) <<
    "}" << endl;

  indent(out) <<
    "switch (field.ID)" << endl;

  scope_up(out);

  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    bool is_required = field_is_required((*f_iter));
    indent(out) <<
      "case " << (*f_iter)->get_key() << ":" << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(out) <<
      "if (field.Type == " << type_to_enum((*f_iter)->get_type()) << ") {" << endl;
    indent_up();

    generate_deserialize_field(out, *f_iter);
    if (is_required) {
      indent(out) << "isset_" << (*f_iter)->get_name() << " = true;" << endl;
    }
    
    indent_down();
    out <<
      indent() << "} else { " << endl <<
      indent() << "  TProtocolUtil.Skip(iprot, field.Type);" << endl <<
      indent() << "}" << endl <<
      indent() << "break;" << endl;
    indent_down();
  }

  indent(out) <<
    "default: " << endl;
  indent_up();
  indent(out) << "TProtocolUtil.Skip(iprot, field.Type);" << endl;
  indent(out) << "break;" << endl;
  indent_down();

  scope_down(out);

  indent(out) <<
    "iprot.ReadFieldEnd();" << endl;

  scope_down(out);

  indent(out) <<
    "iprot.ReadStructEnd();" << endl;

  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    if (field_is_required((*f_iter))) {
      indent(out) << "if (!isset_" << (*f_iter)->get_name() << ")" << endl;
      indent_up();
      indent(out) << "throw new TProtocolException(TProtocolException.INVALID_DATA);" << endl;
      indent_down();
    }
  }

  indent_down();

  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;

}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_writer(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct) {
  out <<
    indent() << "public void Write(TProtocol oprot) {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  string name = tstruct->get_name();
  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_sorted_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;

  indent(out) <<
    "TStruct struc = new TStruct(\"" << name << "\");" << endl;
  indent(out) <<
    "oprot.WriteStructBegin(struc);" << endl;

  if (fields.size() > 0) {
    indent(out) << "TField field = new TField();" << endl;
    for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
      bool is_required = field_is_required((*f_iter));
      bool has_default = field_has_default((*f_iter));
      if (nullable_ && !has_default && !is_required) {
	indent(out) << "if (" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << " != null) {" << endl;
	indent_up();
      } else if (!is_required) {
	bool null_allowed = type_can_be_null((*f_iter)->get_type());
	if (null_allowed) {
	  indent(out) <<
	    "if (" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << " != null && __isset." << (*f_iter)->get_name() << ") {" << endl;
	  indent_up();
	} else {
	  indent(out) <<
	    "if (__isset." << (*f_iter)->get_name() << ") {" << endl;
	  indent_up();
	}
      }
      indent(out) << "field.Name = \"" << (*f_iter)->get_name() << "\";" << endl;
      indent(out) << "field.Type = " << type_to_enum((*f_iter)->get_type()) << ";" << endl;
      indent(out) << "field.ID = " << (*f_iter)->get_key() << ";" << endl;
      indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldBegin(field);" << endl;

      generate_serialize_field(out, *f_iter);

      indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldEnd();" << endl;
      if (!is_required) {
	indent_down();
	indent(out) << "}" << endl;
      }
    }
  }

  indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldStop();" << endl;
  indent(out) << "oprot.WriteStructEnd();" << endl;

  indent_down();

  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_result_writer(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct) {
  indent(out) <<
    "public void Write(TProtocol oprot) {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  string name = tstruct->get_name();
  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_sorted_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;

  indent(out) <<
    "TStruct struc = new TStruct(\"" << name << "\");" << endl;
  indent(out) <<
    "oprot.WriteStructBegin(struc);" << endl;

  if (fields.size() > 0) {
    indent(out) << "TField field = new TField();" << endl;
    bool first = true;
    for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
      if (first) {
        first = false;
        out << endl << indent() << "if ";
      } else {
        out << " else if ";
      }
      
      if (nullable_) {
	out << "(this." << prop_name((*f_iter)) << " != null) {" << endl;
      } else {
	out <<
	  "(this.__isset." << (*f_iter)->get_name() << ") {" << endl;
      }
      indent_up();

      bool null_allowed = !nullable_ && type_can_be_null((*f_iter)->get_type());
      if (null_allowed) {
        indent(out) <<
          "if (" << prop_name(*f_iter) << " != null) {" << endl;
        indent_up();
      }

      indent(out) <<
        "field.Name = \"" << prop_name(*f_iter) << "\";" << endl;
      indent(out) <<
        "field.Type = " << type_to_enum((*f_iter)->get_type()) << ";" << endl;
      indent(out) <<
        "field.ID = " << (*f_iter)->get_key() << ";" << endl;
      indent(out) <<
        "oprot.WriteFieldBegin(field);" << endl;

      generate_serialize_field(out, *f_iter);

      indent(out) <<
        "oprot.WriteFieldEnd();" << endl;

      if (null_allowed) {
	indent_down();
	indent(out) << "}" << endl;
      }

      indent_down();
      indent(out) << "}";
    }
  }

  out <<
    endl <<
    indent() << "oprot.WriteFieldStop();" << endl <<
    indent() << "oprot.WriteStructEnd();" << endl;

  indent_down();

  indent(out) <<
    "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_tostring(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct) {
  indent(out) <<
    "public override string ToString() {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  indent(out) <<
    "StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(\"" << tstruct->get_name() << "(\");" << endl;

  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;

  bool first = true;

  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    if (first) {
      first = false;
      indent(out) <<
        "sb.Append(\"" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << ": \");" << endl;
    } else {
      indent(out) <<
        "sb.Append(\"," << prop_name((*f_iter)) << ": \");" << endl;
    }
    t_type* ttype = (*f_iter)->get_type();
    if (ttype->is_xception() || ttype->is_struct()) {
      indent(out) <<
        "sb.Append(" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << "== null ? \"<null>\" : "<< prop_name((*f_iter))  << ".ToString());" << endl;
    } else {
      indent(out) <<
        "sb.Append(" << prop_name((*f_iter))  << ");" << endl;
    }
  }

  indent(out) <<
    "sb.Append(\")\");" << endl;
  indent(out) <<
    "return sb.ToString();" << endl;

  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}


void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_union(t_struct* tunion) {
  string f_union_name = namespace_dir_ + "/" + (tunion->get_name()) + ".cs";
  ofstream f_union;

  f_union.open(f_union_name.c_str());

  f_union <<
    autogen_comment() <<
    csharp_type_usings() <<
    csharp_thrift_usings() << endl;

  generate_csharp_union_definition(f_union, tunion);

  f_union.close();
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_union_definition(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tunion) {
  // Let's define the class first
  start_csharp_namespace(out);

  indent(out) << "public abstract class " << tunion->get_name() << " : TAbstractBase {" << endl;

  indent_up();

  indent(out) << "public abstract void Write(TProtocol protocol);" << endl;
  indent(out) << "public readonly bool Isset;" << endl;
  indent(out) << "public abstract object Data { get; }" << endl;

  indent(out) << "protected " << tunion->get_name() << "(bool isset) {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  indent(out) << "Isset = isset;" << endl;
  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;

  indent(out) << "public class ___undefined : " << tunion->get_name() << " {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  indent(out) << "public override object Data { get { return null; } }" << endl;

  indent(out) << "public ___undefined() : base(false) {}" << endl << endl;

  indent(out) << "public override void Write(TProtocol protocol) {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  indent(out) << "throw new TProtocolException( TProtocolException.INVALID_DATA, \"Cannot persist an union type which is not set.\");" << endl;
  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;

  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;

  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tunion->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;

  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    generate_csharp_union_class(out, tunion, (*f_iter));
  }

  generate_csharp_union_reader(out, tunion);

  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;

  end_csharp_namespace(out);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_union_class(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tunion, t_field* tfield) {
  indent(out) << "public class " << tfield->get_name() << " : " << tunion->get_name() << " {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  indent(out) << "private " << type_name(tfield->get_type()) << " _data;" << endl;
  indent(out) << "public override object Data { get { return _data; } }" << endl;
  indent(out) << "public " << tfield->get_name() << "(" << type_name(tfield->get_type()) << " data) : base(true) {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  indent(out) << "this._data = data;" << endl;
  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl;
  indent(out) << "public override void Write(TProtocol oprot) {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  indent(out) << "TStruct struc = new TStruct(\"" << tunion->get_name() << "\");" << endl;
  indent(out) << "oprot.WriteStructBegin(struc);" << endl;

  indent(out) << "TField field = new TField();" << endl;
  indent(out) << "field.Name = \"" << tfield->get_name() << "\";" << endl;
  indent(out) << "field.Type = " << type_to_enum(tfield->get_type()) << ";" << endl;
  indent(out) << "field.ID = " << tfield->get_key() << ";" << endl;
  indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldBegin(field);" << endl;
  
  generate_serialize_field(out, tfield, "_data", true, true);

  indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldEnd();" << endl;
  indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldStop();" << endl;
  indent(out) << "oprot.WriteStructEnd();" << endl;
  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl;

  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}


void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_equals(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct) {
  indent(out) << "public override bool Equals(object that) {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  
  indent(out) << "var other = that as " << type_name(tstruct) << ";" << endl;
  indent(out) << "if (other == null) return false;" << endl;
  indent(out) << "if (ReferenceEquals(this, other)) return true;" << endl;
  
  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
  
  bool first = true;
  
  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    if (first) {
      first = false;
      indent(out) << "return ";
      indent_up();
    } else {
      out << endl;
      indent(out) << "&& ";
    }
    if (!field_is_required((*f_iter)) && !(nullable_ && !field_has_default((*f_iter)))) {
      out << "((__isset." << (*f_iter)->get_name() << " == other.__isset." << (*f_iter)->get_name() << ") && ((!__isset." << (*f_iter)->get_name() << ") || (";
    }
    t_type* ttype = (*f_iter)->get_type();
    if (ttype->is_container()) {
      out << "TCollections.Equals(";
    } else {
      out << "System.Object.Equals(";
    }
    out << prop_name((*f_iter)) << ", other." << prop_name((*f_iter)) << ")";
    if (!field_is_required((*f_iter)) && !(nullable_ && !field_has_default((*f_iter)))) {
      out << ")))";
    }
  }
  if (first) {
    indent(out) << "return true;" << endl;
  } else {
    out << ";" << endl;
    indent_down();
  }
  
  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_hashcode(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct) {
  indent(out) << "public override int GetHashCode() {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  
  indent(out) << "int hashcode = 0;" << endl;
  indent(out) << "unchecked {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  
  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
  
  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    t_type* ttype = (*f_iter)->get_type();
    indent(out) << "hashcode = (hashcode * 397) ^ ";
    if (field_is_required((*f_iter))) {
    out << "(";
    } else if ( nullable_) {
      out << "(" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << " == null ? 0 : ";
    }else {
      out << "(!__isset." << (*f_iter)->get_name() << " ? 0 : ";
    }
    if (ttype->is_container()) {
    	out << "(TCollections.GetHashCode("
    		<< prop_name((*f_iter))
    		<< "))";
    } else {
		out << "("
			<< prop_name((*f_iter))
			<< ".GetHashCode())";
    }
    out << ");" << endl;
  }
  
  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl;
  indent(out) << "return hashcode;" << endl;
  
  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_service(t_service* tservice) {
  string f_service_name = namespace_dir_ + "/" + service_name_ + ".cs";
  f_service_.open(f_service_name.c_str());

  f_service_ <<
    autogen_comment() <<
    csharp_type_usings() <<
    csharp_thrift_usings() << endl;

  start_csharp_namespace(f_service_);

  indent(f_service_) <<
    "public partial class " << service_name_ << " {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  generate_service_interface(tservice);
  generate_service_client(tservice);
  generate_service_server(tservice);
  generate_service_helpers(tservice);

  indent_down();

  indent(f_service_) <<
    "}" << endl;
  end_csharp_namespace(f_service_);
  f_service_.close();
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_service_interface(t_service* tservice) {
  string extends = "";
  string extends_iface = "";
  if (tservice->get_extends() != NULL) {
    extends = type_name(tservice->get_extends());
    extends_iface = " : " + extends + ".Iface";
  }

  generate_csharp_doc(f_service_, tservice);

  if (wcf_) {
	  indent(f_service_) <<
		"[ServiceContract(Namespace=\"" << wcf_namespace_ << "\")]" << endl;
  }
  indent(f_service_) <<
    "public interface Iface" << extends_iface << " {" << endl;

  indent_up();
  vector<t_function*> functions = tservice->get_functions();
  vector<t_function*>::iterator f_iter;
  for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter)
  {
	generate_csharp_doc(f_service_, *f_iter);

	// if we're using WCF, add the corresponding attributes
	if (wcf_) {
		indent(f_service_) <<
			"[OperationContract]" << endl;

		const std::vector<t_field*>& xceptions = (*f_iter)->get_xceptions()->get_members();
		vector<t_field*>::const_iterator x_iter;
		for (x_iter = xceptions.begin(); x_iter != xceptions.end(); ++x_iter) {
		  indent(f_service_) << "[FaultContract(typeof(" + type_name((*x_iter)->get_type(), false, false) + "Fault))]" << endl;
		}
	}

    indent(f_service_) <<
      function_signature(*f_iter) << ";" << endl;
    if(!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#if SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
    }
    indent(f_service_) <<
      function_signature_async_begin(*f_iter, "Begin_") << ";" << endl;
    indent(f_service_) <<
      function_signature_async_end(*f_iter, "End_") << ";" << endl;  
    if(async_||async_ctp_) {
      indent(f_service_) <<
        function_signature_async(*f_iter) << ";" << endl;
    }
    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#endif" << endl;
    }
  }
  indent_down();
  f_service_ <<
    indent() << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_service_helpers(t_service* tservice) {
  vector<t_function*> functions = tservice->get_functions();
  vector<t_function*>::iterator f_iter;

  for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter) {
    t_struct* ts = (*f_iter)->get_arglist();
    generate_csharp_struct_definition(f_service_, ts, false, true);
    generate_function_helpers(*f_iter);
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_service_client(t_service* tservice) {
  string extends = "";
  string extends_client = "";
  if (tservice->get_extends() != NULL) {
    extends = type_name(tservice->get_extends());
    extends_client = extends + ".Client, ";
  } else {
    extends_client = "IDisposable, ";
  }

  generate_csharp_doc(f_service_, tservice);

  indent(f_service_) <<
    "public class Client : " << extends_client << "Iface {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  indent(f_service_) <<
    "public Client(TProtocol prot) : this(prot, prot)" << endl;
  scope_up(f_service_);
  scope_down(f_service_);
  f_service_ << endl;

  indent(f_service_) <<
    "public Client(TProtocol iprot, TProtocol oprot)";
  if (!extends.empty()) {
    f_service_ << " : base(iprot, oprot)";
  }
  f_service_ << endl;

  scope_up(f_service_);
  if (extends.empty()) {
    f_service_ <<
      indent() << "iprot_ = iprot;" << endl <<
      indent() << "oprot_ = oprot;" << endl;
  }
  scope_down(f_service_);

  f_service_ << endl;

  if (extends.empty()) {
    f_service_ <<
      indent() << "protected TProtocol iprot_;" << endl <<
      indent() << "protected TProtocol oprot_;" << endl <<
      indent() << "protected int seqid_;" << endl << endl;

    f_service_ << indent() << "public TProtocol InputProtocol" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "get { return iprot_; }" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);

    f_service_ << indent() << "public TProtocol OutputProtocol" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "get { return oprot_; }" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);
    f_service_ << endl << endl;
    
    indent(f_service_) << "#region \" IDisposable Support \"" << endl;
    indent(f_service_) << "private bool _IsDisposed;" << endl << endl;
    indent(f_service_) << "// IDisposable" << endl;
    indent(f_service_) << "public void Dispose()" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "Dispose(true);" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << endl << endl;
    indent(f_service_) << "protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "if (!_IsDisposed)" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "if (disposing)" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "if (iprot_ != null)" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "((IDisposable)iprot_).Dispose();" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "if (oprot_ != null)" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "((IDisposable)oprot_).Dispose();" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);
    scope_down(f_service_);
    scope_down(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "_IsDisposed = true;" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "#endregion" << endl;
    f_service_ << endl << endl;
  }

  vector<t_function*> functions = tservice->get_functions();
  vector<t_function*>::const_iterator f_iter;
  for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter) {
    string funname = (*f_iter)->get_name();

    indent(f_service_) << endl;
    
    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#if SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
    }
    // Begin_
    indent(f_service_) <<
      "public " << function_signature_async_begin(*f_iter, "Begin_") << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) <<
      "return " << "send_" << funname << "(callback, state";

    t_struct* arg_struct = (*f_iter)->get_arglist();

    const vector<t_field*>& fields = arg_struct->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator fld_iter;
    for (fld_iter = fields.begin(); fld_iter != fields.end(); ++fld_iter) {
      f_service_ << ", ";
      f_service_ << (*fld_iter)->get_name();
    }
    f_service_ << ");" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);
    f_service_ << endl;
	
    // End
    indent(f_service_) <<
      "public " << function_signature_async_end(*f_iter, "End_") << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) <<
      "oprot_.Transport.EndFlush(asyncResult);" << endl;
    if (!(*f_iter)->is_oneway()) {
      f_service_ << indent();
      if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
        f_service_ << "return ";
      }
      f_service_ <<
        "recv_" << funname << "();" << endl;
    }
    scope_down(f_service_);
    f_service_ << endl;

    // async
    bool first;
    if( async_||async_ctp_) {
      indent(f_service_) <<
	"public async " << function_signature_async(*f_iter, "") << endl;
      scope_up(f_service_);
      
      if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
        indent(f_service_) <<
          type_name( (*f_iter)->get_returntype()) << " retval;" << endl;
        indent(f_service_) <<
          "retval = ";
      } else {
        indent(f_service_);
      }
      if (async_) {
	f_service_ << "await Task.Run(() =>" << endl;
      } else {
	f_service_ << "await TaskEx.Run(() =>" << endl;
      }
      scope_up(f_service_);
      indent(f_service_);
      if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
        f_service_ <<
          "return ";
      }
      f_service_ << 
        funname << "(";
	  first = true;
      for (fld_iter = fields.begin(); fld_iter != fields.end(); ++fld_iter) {
        if (first) {
          first = false;
        } else {
          f_service_ << ", ";
        }
        f_service_ << (*fld_iter)->get_name();
      }
      f_service_ << ");" << endl;
      indent_down();
      indent(f_service_) << 
        "});" << endl;
      if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
        indent(f_service_) << 
          "return retval;"  << endl;
      }
	  scope_down(f_service_);
      f_service_ << endl;
    }
    
    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#endif" << endl << endl;
    }

    // "Normal" Synchronous invoke
    generate_csharp_doc(f_service_, *f_iter);
    indent(f_service_) <<
      "public " << function_signature(*f_iter) << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);

    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#if !SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
      indent(f_service_) <<
        "send_" << funname << "(";

      first = true;
      for (fld_iter = fields.begin(); fld_iter != fields.end(); ++fld_iter) {
        if (first) {
          first = false;
        } else {
          f_service_ << ", ";
        }
        f_service_ << (*fld_iter)->get_name();
      }
      f_service_ << ");" << endl;

      if (!(*f_iter)->is_oneway()) {
        f_service_ << indent();
        if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
          f_service_ << "return ";
        }
        f_service_ <<
          "recv_" << funname << "();" << endl;
      }
      f_service_ << endl;

      indent(f_service_) << "#else" << endl;
    }

    // Silverlight synchronous invoke
    indent(f_service_) << "var asyncResult = Begin_" << funname << "(null, null";
    for (fld_iter = fields.begin(); fld_iter != fields.end(); ++fld_iter) {
      f_service_ << ", " << (*fld_iter)->get_name();
    }
    f_service_ << ");" << endl;

    if (!(*f_iter)->is_oneway()) {
      f_service_ << indent();
      if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
        f_service_ << "return ";
      }
      f_service_ <<
        "End_" << funname << "(asyncResult);" << endl;
    }
    f_service_ << endl;

    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#endif" << endl;
    }
    scope_down(f_service_);

    // Send
    t_function send_function(g_type_void,
        string("send_") + (*f_iter)->get_name(),
        (*f_iter)->get_arglist());

    string argsname = (*f_iter)->get_name() + "_args";

    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#if SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
    }
    indent(f_service_) << "public " << function_signature_async_begin(&send_function) << endl;
    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#else" << endl;
      indent(f_service_) << "public " << function_signature(&send_function) << endl;
      indent(f_service_) << "#endif" << endl;
    }
    scope_up(f_service_);

    f_service_ <<
      indent() << "oprot_.WriteMessageBegin(new TMessage(\"" << funname << "\", TMessageType.Call, seqid_));" << endl <<
      indent() << argsname << " args = new " << argsname << "();" << endl;

    for (fld_iter = fields.begin(); fld_iter != fields.end(); ++fld_iter) {
      f_service_ <<
        indent() << "args." << prop_name(*fld_iter) << " = " << (*fld_iter)->get_name() << ";" << endl;
    }

    f_service_ <<
      indent() << "args.Write(oprot_);" << endl <<
      indent() << "oprot_.WriteMessageEnd();" << endl;;
    
    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#if SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
    }
    indent(f_service_) << "return oprot_.Transport.BeginFlush(callback, state);" << endl;
    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#else" << endl;
      indent(f_service_) << "oprot_.Transport.Flush();" << endl;
      indent(f_service_) << "#endif" << endl;
    }

    scope_down(f_service_);
    f_service_ << endl;

    if (!(*f_iter)->is_oneway()) {
      string resultname = (*f_iter)->get_name() + "_result";

      t_struct noargs(program_);
      t_function recv_function((*f_iter)->get_returntype(),
          string("recv_") + (*f_iter)->get_name(),
          &noargs,
          (*f_iter)->get_xceptions());
      indent(f_service_) <<
        "public " << function_signature(&recv_function) << endl;
      scope_up(f_service_);

      f_service_ <<
        indent() << "TMessage msg = iprot_.ReadMessageBegin();" << endl <<
        indent() << "if (msg.Type == TMessageType.Exception) {" << endl;
      indent_up();
      f_service_ <<
        indent() << "TApplicationException x = TApplicationException.Read(iprot_);" << endl <<
        indent() << "iprot_.ReadMessageEnd();" << endl <<
        indent() << "throw x;" << endl;
      indent_down();
      f_service_ <<
        indent() << "}" << endl <<
        indent() << resultname << " result = new " << resultname << "();" << endl <<
        indent() << "result.Read(iprot_);" << endl <<
        indent() << "iprot_.ReadMessageEnd();" << endl;

      if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
	if (nullable_) {
	  if (type_can_be_null((*f_iter)->get_returntype())) {
	    f_service_ <<
	      indent() << "if (result.Success != null) {" << endl <<
	      indent() << "  return result.Success;" << endl <<
	      indent() << "}" << endl;
	  } else {
	    f_service_ <<
	      indent() << "if (result.Success.HasValue) {" << endl <<
	      indent() << "  return result.Success.Value;" << endl <<
	      indent() << "}" << endl;
	  }
	} else {
	  f_service_ <<
	    indent() << "if (result.__isset.success) {" << endl <<
	    indent() << "  return result.Success;" << endl <<
	    indent() << "}" << endl;
	}
      }

      t_struct *xs = (*f_iter)->get_xceptions();

      const std::vector<t_field*>& xceptions = xs->get_members();
      vector<t_field*>::const_iterator x_iter;
      for (x_iter = xceptions.begin(); x_iter != xceptions.end(); ++x_iter) {
	if (nullable_) {
	  f_service_ <<
	    indent() << "if (result." << prop_name(*x_iter) << " != null) {" << endl <<
	    indent() << "  throw result." << prop_name(*x_iter) << ";" << endl <<
	    indent() << "}" << endl;
	} else {
	  f_service_ <<
	    indent() << "if (result.__isset." << (*x_iter)->get_name() << ") {" << endl <<
	    indent() << "  throw result." << prop_name(*x_iter) << ";" << endl <<
	    indent() << "}" << endl;
	}
      }

      if ((*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
        indent(f_service_) <<
          "return;" << endl;
      } else {
        f_service_ <<
          indent() << "throw new TApplicationException(TApplicationException.ExceptionType.MissingResult, \"" << (*f_iter)->get_name() << " failed: unknown result\");" << endl;
      }

      scope_down(f_service_);
      f_service_ << endl;
    }
  }

  indent_down();
  indent(f_service_) <<
    "}" << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_service_server(t_service* tservice) {
  vector<t_function*> functions = tservice->get_functions();
  vector<t_function*>::iterator f_iter;

  string extends = "";
  string extends_processor = "";
  if (tservice->get_extends() != NULL) {
    extends = type_name(tservice->get_extends());
    extends_processor = extends + ".Processor, ";
  }

  indent(f_service_) <<
    "public class Processor : " << extends_processor << "TProcessor {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  indent(f_service_) <<
    "public Processor(Iface iface)" ;
  if (!extends.empty()) {
    f_service_ << " : base(iface)";
  }
  f_service_ << endl;
  scope_up(f_service_);
  f_service_ <<
    indent() << "iface_ = iface;" << endl;

  for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter) {
    f_service_ <<
      indent() << "processMap_[\"" << (*f_iter)->get_name() << "\"] = " << (*f_iter)->get_name() << "_Process;" << endl;
  }

  scope_down(f_service_);
  f_service_ << endl;

  if (extends.empty()) {
    f_service_ <<
      indent() << "protected delegate void ProcessFunction(int seqid, TProtocol iprot, TProtocol oprot);" << endl;
  }

  f_service_ <<
    indent() << "private Iface iface_;" << endl;

  if (extends.empty()) {
    f_service_ <<
      indent() << "protected Dictionary<string, ProcessFunction> processMap_ = new Dictionary<string, ProcessFunction>();" << endl;
  }

  f_service_ << endl;

  if (extends.empty()) {
    indent(f_service_) <<
      "public bool Process(TProtocol iprot, TProtocol oprot)" << endl;
  }
  else
  {
    indent(f_service_) <<
      "public new bool Process(TProtocol iprot, TProtocol oprot)" << endl;
  }
  scope_up(f_service_);

  f_service_ <<  indent() << "try" << endl;
  scope_up(f_service_);

  f_service_ <<
    indent() << "TMessage msg = iprot.ReadMessageBegin();" << endl;

  f_service_ <<
    indent() << "ProcessFunction fn;" << endl <<
    indent() << "processMap_.TryGetValue(msg.Name, out fn);" << endl <<
    indent() << "if (fn == null) {" << endl <<
    indent() << "  TProtocolUtil.Skip(iprot, TType.Struct);" << endl <<
    indent() << "  iprot.ReadMessageEnd();" << endl <<
    indent() << "  TApplicationException x = new TApplicationException (TApplicationException.ExceptionType.UnknownMethod, \"Invalid method name: '\" + msg.Name + \"'\");" << endl <<
    indent() << "  oprot.WriteMessageBegin(new TMessage(msg.Name, TMessageType.Exception, msg.SeqID));" << endl <<
    indent() << "  x.Write(oprot);" << endl <<
    indent() << "  oprot.WriteMessageEnd();" << endl <<
    indent() << "  oprot.Transport.Flush();" << endl <<
    indent() << "  return true;" << endl <<
    indent() << "}" << endl <<
    indent() << "fn(msg.SeqID, iprot, oprot);" << endl;

  scope_down(f_service_);

  f_service_ <<
    indent() << "catch (IOException)" << endl;
  scope_up(f_service_);
  f_service_ <<
    indent() << "return false;" << endl;
  scope_down(f_service_);

  f_service_ <<
    indent() << "return true;" << endl;

  scope_down(f_service_);
  f_service_ << endl;

  for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter)
  {
    generate_process_function(tservice, *f_iter);
  }

  indent_down();
  indent(f_service_) <<
    "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_function_helpers(t_function* tfunction) {
  if (tfunction->is_oneway()) {
    return;
  }

  t_struct result(program_, tfunction->get_name() + "_result");
  t_field success(tfunction->get_returntype(), "success", 0);
  if (!tfunction->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
    result.append(&success);
  }

  t_struct *xs = tfunction->get_xceptions();
  const vector<t_field*>& fields = xs->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    result.append(*f_iter);
  }

  generate_csharp_struct_definition(f_service_, &result, false, true, true);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_process_function(t_service* tservice, t_function* tfunction) {
  (void) tservice;
  indent(f_service_) <<
    "public void " << tfunction->get_name() << "_Process(int seqid, TProtocol iprot, TProtocol oprot)" << endl;
  scope_up(f_service_);

  string argsname = tfunction->get_name() + "_args";
  string resultname = tfunction->get_name() + "_result";

  f_service_ <<
    indent() << argsname << " args = new " << argsname << "();" << endl <<
    indent() << "args.Read(iprot);" << endl <<
    indent() << "iprot.ReadMessageEnd();" << endl;

  t_struct* xs = tfunction->get_xceptions();
  const std::vector<t_field*>& xceptions = xs->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator x_iter;

  if (!tfunction->is_oneway()) {
    f_service_ <<
      indent() << resultname << " result = new " << resultname << "();" << endl;
  }

  if (xceptions.size() > 0) {
    f_service_ <<
      indent() << "try {" << endl;
    indent_up();
  }

  t_struct* arg_struct = tfunction->get_arglist();
  const std::vector<t_field*>& fields = arg_struct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;

  f_service_ << indent();
  if (!tfunction->is_oneway() && !tfunction->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
    f_service_ << "result.Success = ";
  }
  f_service_ <<
    "iface_." << tfunction->get_name() << "(";
  bool first = true;
  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    if (first) {
      first = false;
    } else {
      f_service_ << ", ";
    }
    f_service_ << "args." << prop_name(*f_iter);
    if (nullable_ && !type_can_be_null((*f_iter)->get_type())) {
      f_service_ << ".Value";
    }
  }
  f_service_ << ");" << endl;

  if (!tfunction->is_oneway() && xceptions.size() > 0) {
    indent_down();
    f_service_ << indent() << "}";
    for (x_iter = xceptions.begin(); x_iter != xceptions.end(); ++x_iter) {
      f_service_ << " catch (" << type_name((*x_iter)->get_type(), false, false) << " " << (*x_iter)->get_name() << ") {" << endl;
      if (!tfunction->is_oneway()) {
        indent_up();
        f_service_ <<
          indent() << "result." << prop_name(*x_iter) << " = " << (*x_iter)->get_name() << ";" << endl;
        indent_down();
        f_service_ << indent() << "}";
      } else {
        f_service_ << "}";
      }
    }
    f_service_ << endl;
  }

  if (tfunction->is_oneway()) {
    f_service_ <<
      indent() << "return;" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);

    return;
  }

  f_service_ <<
    indent() << "oprot.WriteMessageBegin(new TMessage(\"" << tfunction->get_name() << "\", TMessageType.Reply, seqid)); " << endl <<
    indent() << "result.Write(oprot);" << endl <<
    indent() << "oprot.WriteMessageEnd();" << endl <<
    indent() << "oprot.Transport.Flush();" << endl;

  scope_down(f_service_);

  f_service_ << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_union_reader(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tunion) {
  // Thanks to THRIFT-1768, we don't need to check for required fields in the union
  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tunion->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;

  indent(out) << "public static " << tunion->get_name() << " Read(TProtocol iprot)" << endl;
  scope_up(out);
  indent(out) << tunion->get_name() << " retval;" << endl;
  indent(out) << "iprot.ReadStructBegin();" << endl;
  indent(out) << "TField field = iprot.ReadFieldBegin();" << endl;
  // we cannot have the first field be a stop -- we must have a single field defined
  indent(out) << "if (field.Type == TType.Stop)" << endl;
  scope_up(out);
  indent(out) << "iprot.ReadFieldEnd();" << endl;
  indent(out) << "retval = new ___undefined();" << endl;
  scope_down(out);
  indent(out) << "else" << endl;
  scope_up(out);
  indent(out) << "switch (field.ID)" << endl;
  scope_up(out);

  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    indent(out) <<
      "case " << (*f_iter)->get_key() << ":" << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(out) << "if (field.Type == " << type_to_enum((*f_iter)->get_type()) << ") {" << endl;
    indent_up();

    indent(out) << type_name((*f_iter)->get_type()) << " temp;" << endl;
    generate_deserialize_field(out, (*f_iter), "temp", true);
    indent(out) << "retval = new " << (*f_iter)->get_name() << "(temp);" << endl;
    
    indent_down();
    out <<
      indent() << "} else { " << endl <<
      indent() << "  TProtocolUtil.Skip(iprot, field.Type);" << endl <<
      indent() << "  retval = new ___undefined();" << endl <<
      indent() << "}" << endl <<
      indent() << "break;" << endl;
    indent_down();
  }

  indent(out) <<
    "default: " << endl;
  indent_up();
  indent(out) << "TProtocolUtil.Skip(iprot, field.Type);" << endl <<
    indent() << "retval = new ___undefined();" << endl;
  indent(out) << "break;" << endl;
  indent_down();

  scope_down(out);

  indent(out) << "iprot.ReadFieldEnd();" << endl;

  indent(out) << "if (iprot.ReadFieldBegin().Type != TType.Stop)" << endl;
  scope_up(out);
  indent(out) << "throw new TProtocolException(TProtocolException.INVALID_DATA);" << endl;
  scope_down(out);

  // end of else for TStop
  scope_down(out);

  indent(out) <<
    "iprot.ReadStructEnd();" << endl;

  indent(out) << "return retval;" << endl;

  indent_down();

  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_deserialize_field(ofstream& out, t_field* tfield, string prefix, bool is_propertyless) {
  t_type* type = tfield->get_type();
  while(type->is_typedef()) {
    type = ((t_typedef*)type)->get_type();
  }

  if (type->is_void()) {
    throw "CANNOT GENERATE DESERIALIZE CODE FOR void TYPE: " + prefix + tfield->get_name();
  }

  string name = prefix + (is_propertyless ? "" : prop_name(tfield));

  if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception()) {
    generate_deserialize_struct(out, (t_struct*)type, name);
  } else if (type->is_container()) {
    generate_deserialize_container(out, type, name);
  } else if (type->is_base_type() || type->is_enum()) {
    indent(out) <<
      name << " = ";

    if (type->is_enum())
    {
      out << "(" << type_name(type, false, true) << ")";
    }

    out << "iprot.";

    if (type->is_base_type()) {
      t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();
      switch (tbase) {
        case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
          throw "compiler error: cannot serialize void field in a struct: " + name;
          break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
          if (((t_base_type*)type)->is_binary()) {
             out << "ReadBinary();";
          } else {
            out << "ReadString();";
          }
          break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
          out << "ReadBool();";
          break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
          out << "ReadByte();";
          break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
          out << "ReadI16();";
          break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
          out << "ReadI32();";
          break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
          out << "ReadI64();";
          break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
          out << "ReadDouble();";
          break;
        default:
          throw "compiler error: no C# name for base type " + tbase;
      }
    } else if (type->is_enum()) {
      out << "ReadI32();";
    }
    out << endl;
  } else {
    printf("DO NOT KNOW HOW TO DESERIALIZE FIELD '%s' TYPE '%s'\n", tfield->get_name().c_str(), type_name(type).c_str());
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_deserialize_struct(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct, string prefix) {
  if (union_ && tstruct->is_union()) {
    out << indent() << prefix << " = " << type_name(tstruct) << ".Read(iprot);" << endl;
  } else {
    out <<
      indent() << prefix << " = new " << type_name(tstruct) << "();" << endl <<
      indent() << prefix << ".Read(iprot);" << endl;
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_deserialize_container(ofstream& out, t_type* ttype, string prefix) {
  scope_up(out);

  string obj;

  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    obj = tmp("_map");
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    obj = tmp("_set");
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    obj = tmp("_list");
  }

  indent(out) <<
    prefix << " = new " << type_name(ttype, false, true) << "();" <<endl;
  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    out <<
      indent() << "TMap " << obj << " = iprot.ReadMapBegin();" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    out <<
      indent() << "TSet " << obj << " = iprot.ReadSetBegin();" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    out <<
      indent() << "TList " << obj << " = iprot.ReadListBegin();" << endl;
  }

  string i = tmp("_i");
  indent(out) <<
    "for( int " << i << " = 0; " << i << " < " << obj << ".Count" << "; " << "++" << i << ")" << endl;
  scope_up(out);

  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    generate_deserialize_map_element(out, (t_map*)ttype, prefix);
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    generate_deserialize_set_element(out, (t_set*)ttype, prefix);
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    generate_deserialize_list_element(out, (t_list*)ttype, prefix);
  }

  scope_down(out);

  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    indent(out) << "iprot.ReadMapEnd();" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    indent(out) << "iprot.ReadSetEnd();" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    indent(out) << "iprot.ReadListEnd();" << endl;
  }

  scope_down(out);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_deserialize_map_element(ofstream& out, t_map* tmap, string prefix) {
  string key = tmp("_key");
  string val = tmp("_val");

  t_field fkey(tmap->get_key_type(), key);
  t_field fval(tmap->get_val_type(), val);

  indent(out) <<
    declare_field(&fkey) << endl;
  indent(out) <<
    declare_field(&fval) << endl;

  generate_deserialize_field(out, &fkey);
  generate_deserialize_field(out, &fval);

  indent(out) <<
    prefix << "[" << key << "] = " << val << ";" << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_deserialize_set_element(ofstream& out, t_set* tset, string prefix) {
  string elem = tmp("_elem");
  t_field felem(tset->get_elem_type(), elem);

  indent(out) <<
    declare_field(&felem, true) << endl;

  generate_deserialize_field(out, &felem);

  indent(out) <<
    prefix << ".Add(" << elem << ");" << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_deserialize_list_element(ofstream& out, t_list* tlist, string prefix) {
  string elem = tmp("_elem");
  t_field felem(tlist->get_elem_type(), elem);

  indent(out) <<
    declare_field(&felem, true) << endl;

  generate_deserialize_field(out, &felem);

  indent(out) <<
    prefix << ".Add(" << elem << ");" << endl;
}

 void t_csharp_generator::generate_serialize_field(ofstream& out, t_field* tfield, string prefix, bool is_element, bool is_propertyless) {
  t_type* type = tfield->get_type();
  while (type->is_typedef()) {
    type = ((t_typedef*)type)->get_type();
  }

  string name = prefix + (is_propertyless ? "" : prop_name(tfield));
  
  if (type->is_void()) {
    throw "CANNOT GENERATE SERIALIZE CODE FOR void TYPE: " + name;
  }

  if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception()) {
    generate_serialize_struct(out, (t_struct*)type, name);
  } else if (type->is_container()) {
    generate_serialize_container(out, type, name);
  } else if (type->is_base_type() || type->is_enum()) {
    indent(out) <<
      "oprot.";
    
    string nullable_name = nullable_ && !is_element && !field_is_required(tfield)
      ? name + ".Value"
      : name;

    if (type->is_base_type()) {
      t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();
      switch(tbase) {
        case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
          throw "compiler error: cannot serialize void field in a struct: " + name;
          break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
          if (((t_base_type*)type)->is_binary()) {
            out << "WriteBinary(";
          } else {
            out << "WriteString(";
          }
          out << name << ");";
          break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
          out << "WriteBool(" << nullable_name << ");";
          break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
          out << "WriteByte(" << nullable_name << ");";
          break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
          out << "WriteI16(" << nullable_name << ");";
          break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
          out << "WriteI32(" << nullable_name << ");";
          break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
          out << "WriteI64(" << nullable_name << ");";
          break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
          out << "WriteDouble(" << nullable_name << ");";
          break;
        default:
          throw "compiler error: no C# name for base type " + tbase;
      }
    } else if (type->is_enum()) {
      out << "WriteI32((int)" << nullable_name << ");";
    }
    out << endl;
  } else {
    printf("DO NOT KNOW HOW TO SERIALIZE '%s%s' TYPE '%s'\n",
        prefix.c_str(),
        tfield->get_name().c_str(),
        type_name(type).c_str());
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_serialize_struct(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct, string prefix) {
  (void) tstruct;
  out <<
    indent() << prefix << ".Write(oprot);" << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_serialize_container(ofstream& out, t_type* ttype, string prefix) {
  scope_up(out);

  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    indent(out) <<
      "oprot.WriteMapBegin(new TMap(" <<
      type_to_enum(((t_map*)ttype)->get_key_type()) << ", " <<
      type_to_enum(((t_map*)ttype)->get_val_type()) << ", " <<
      prefix << ".Count));" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    indent(out) <<
      "oprot.WriteSetBegin(new TSet(" <<
      type_to_enum(((t_set*)ttype)->get_elem_type()) << ", " <<
      prefix << ".Count));" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    indent(out) <<
      "oprot.WriteListBegin(new TList(" <<
      type_to_enum(((t_list*)ttype)->get_elem_type()) << ", " <<
      prefix << ".Count));" << endl;
  }

  string iter = tmp("_iter");
  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    indent(out) <<
      "foreach (" <<
      type_name(((t_map*)ttype)->get_key_type()) << " " << iter <<
      " in " <<
      prefix << ".Keys)";
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    indent(out) <<
      "foreach (" <<
      type_name(((t_set*)ttype)->get_elem_type()) << " " << iter <<
      " in " <<
      prefix << ")";
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    indent(out) <<
      "foreach (" <<
      type_name(((t_list*)ttype)->get_elem_type()) << " " << iter <<
      " in " <<
      prefix << ")";
  }

  out << endl;
  scope_up(out);

  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    generate_serialize_map_element(out, (t_map*)ttype, iter, prefix);
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    generate_serialize_set_element(out, (t_set*)ttype, iter);
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    generate_serialize_list_element(out, (t_list*)ttype, iter);
  }

  scope_down(out);

  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    indent(out) << "oprot.WriteMapEnd();" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    indent(out) << "oprot.WriteSetEnd();" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    indent(out) << "oprot.WriteListEnd();" << endl;
  }

  scope_down(out);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_serialize_map_element(ofstream& out, t_map* tmap, string iter, string map) {
  t_field kfield(tmap->get_key_type(), iter);
  generate_serialize_field(out, &kfield, "", true);
  t_field vfield(tmap->get_val_type(), map + "[" + iter + "]");
  generate_serialize_field(out, &vfield, "", true);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_serialize_set_element(ofstream& out, t_set* tset, string iter) {
  t_field efield(tset->get_elem_type(), iter);
  generate_serialize_field(out, &efield, "", true);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_serialize_list_element(ofstream& out, t_list* tlist, string iter) {
  t_field efield(tlist->get_elem_type(), iter);
  generate_serialize_field(out, &efield, "", true);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_property(ofstream& out, t_field* tfield, bool isPublic, bool generateIsset) {
    generate_csharp_property(out, tfield, isPublic, generateIsset, "_");
}
void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_property(ofstream& out, t_field* tfield, bool isPublic, bool generateIsset, std::string fieldPrefix) {
    if((serialize_||wcf_) && isPublic) {
      indent(out) << "[DataMember]" << endl;
    }
    bool has_default = field_has_default(tfield);
    bool is_required = field_is_required(tfield);
    if ((nullable_ && !has_default) || (is_required)) {
      indent(out) << (isPublic ? "public " : "private ") << type_name(tfield->get_type(), false, false, true, is_required)
                  << " " << prop_name(tfield) << " { get; set; }" << endl;
    } else {
      indent(out) << (isPublic ? "public " : "private ") << type_name(tfield->get_type(), false, false, true)
		  << " " << prop_name(tfield) << endl;
      scope_up(out);
      indent(out) << "get" << endl;
      scope_up(out);
      bool use_nullable = false;
      if (nullable_) {
	t_type* ttype = tfield->get_type();
	while (ttype->is_typedef()) {
	  ttype = ((t_typedef*)ttype)->get_type();
	}
	if (ttype->is_base_type()) {
	  use_nullable = ((t_base_type*)ttype)->get_base() != t_base_type::TYPE_STRING;
	}
      }
      indent(out) << "return " << fieldPrefix + tfield->get_name() << ";" << endl;
      scope_down(out);
      indent(out) << "set" << endl;
      scope_up(out);
      if (use_nullable) {
	if (generateIsset) {
	  indent(out) << "__isset." << tfield->get_name() << " = value.HasValue;" << endl;
	}
	indent(out) << "if (value.HasValue) this." << fieldPrefix + tfield->get_name() << " = value.Value;" << endl;
      } else {
	if (generateIsset) {
	  indent(out) << "__isset." << tfield->get_name() << " = true;" << endl;
	}
	indent(out) << "this." << fieldPrefix + tfield->get_name() << " = value;" << endl;
      }
      scope_down(out);
      scope_down(out);
    }
    out << endl;
}

std::string t_csharp_generator::make_valid_csharp_identifier( std::string const & fromName) {
    std::string str = fromName;
    if( str.empty()) {
        return str;
    }

    // tests rely on this
    assert( ('A' < 'Z') && ('a' < 'z') && ('0' < '9'));
    
    // if the first letter is a number, we add an additional underscore in front of it
    char c = str.at(0);
    if( ('0' <= c) && (c <= '9')) {
        str = "_" + str;
    }

    // following chars: letter, number or underscore
    for( size_t i = 0;  i < str.size();  ++i) {
        c = str.at(i);        
        if( (('A' > c) || (c > 'Z')) && 
            (('a' > c) || (c > 'z')) && 
            (('0' > c) || (c > '9')) && 
            ('_' != c) ) {
            str.replace( i, 1, "_");
        }
    }

    return str;
}

std::string t_csharp_generator::prop_name(t_field* tfield) {
    string name (tfield->get_name());
    name[0] = toupper(name[0]);
    return name;
}

string t_csharp_generator::type_name(t_type* ttype, bool in_container, bool in_init, bool in_param, bool is_required) {
  (void) in_init;
  while (ttype->is_typedef()) {
    ttype = ((t_typedef*)ttype)->get_type();
  }

  if (ttype->is_base_type()) {
    return base_type_name((t_base_type*)ttype, in_container, in_param, is_required);
  } else if (ttype->is_map()) {
    t_map *tmap = (t_map*) ttype;
    return "Dictionary<" + type_name(tmap->get_key_type(), true) +
      ", " + type_name(tmap->get_val_type(), true) + ">";
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    t_set* tset = (t_set*) ttype;
    return "THashSet<" + type_name(tset->get_elem_type(), true) + ">";
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    t_list* tlist = (t_list*) ttype;
    return "List<" + type_name(tlist->get_elem_type(), true) + ">";
  }

  t_program* program = ttype->get_program();
  string postfix = (!is_required && nullable_ && in_param && ttype->is_enum()) ? "?" : "";
  if (program != NULL && program != program_) {
    string ns = program->get_namespace("csharp");
    if (!ns.empty()) {
      return ns + "." + ttype->get_name() + postfix;
    }
  }

  return ttype->get_name() + postfix;
}

string t_csharp_generator::base_type_name(t_base_type* tbase, bool in_container, bool in_param, bool is_required) {
  (void) in_container;
  string postfix = (!is_required && nullable_ && in_param) ? "?" : "";
  switch (tbase->get_base()) {
    case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
      return "void";
    case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
      if (tbase->is_binary()) {
        return "byte[]";
      } else {
        return "string";
      }
    case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
      return "bool" + postfix;
    case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
      return "sbyte" + postfix;
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
      return "short" + postfix;
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
      return "int" + postfix;
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
      return "long" + postfix;
    case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
      return "double" + postfix;
    default:
      throw "compiler error: no C# name for base type " + tbase->get_base();
  }
}

string t_csharp_generator::declare_field(t_field* tfield, bool init, std::string prefix) {
  string result = type_name(tfield->get_type()) + " " + prefix + tfield->get_name();
  if (init) {
    t_type* ttype = tfield->get_type();
    while (ttype->is_typedef()) {
      ttype = ((t_typedef*)ttype)->get_type();
    }
    if (ttype->is_base_type() && field_has_default(tfield)) {
      ofstream dummy;
      result += " = " + render_const_value(dummy, tfield->get_name(), ttype, tfield->get_value());
    } else if (ttype->is_base_type()) {
      t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)ttype)->get_base();
      switch (tbase) {
        case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
          throw "NO T_VOID CONSTRUCT";
        case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
          result += " = null";
          break; 
        case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
          result += " = false";
          break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
        case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
        case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
        case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
          result += " = 0";
          break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
          result += " = (double)0";
          break;
      }
    } else if (ttype->is_enum()) {
      result += " = (" + type_name(ttype, false, true) + ")0";
    } else if (ttype->is_container()) {
      result += " = new " + type_name(ttype, false, true) + "()";
    } else {
      result += " = new " + type_name(ttype, false, true) + "()";
    }
  }
  return result + ";";
}

string t_csharp_generator::function_signature(t_function* tfunction, string prefix) {
  t_type* ttype = tfunction->get_returntype();
  return type_name(ttype) + " " + prefix + tfunction->get_name() + "(" + argument_list(tfunction->get_arglist()) + ")";
}

string t_csharp_generator::function_signature_async_begin(t_function* tfunction, string prefix) {
  string comma = (tfunction->get_arglist()->get_members().size() > 0 ? ", " : "");
  return "IAsyncResult " + prefix + tfunction->get_name() + "(AsyncCallback callback, object state" + comma + argument_list(tfunction->get_arglist()) + ")";
}

string t_csharp_generator::function_signature_async_end(t_function* tfunction, string prefix) {
  t_type* ttype = tfunction->get_returntype();
  return type_name(ttype) + " " + prefix + tfunction->get_name() + "(IAsyncResult asyncResult)";
}

string t_csharp_generator::function_signature_async(t_function* tfunction, string prefix) {
  t_type* ttype = tfunction->get_returntype();
  string task = "Task";
  if( ! ttype->is_void())
    task += "<" + type_name(ttype) + ">";
  return task + " " + prefix + tfunction->get_name() + "Async(" + argument_list(tfunction->get_arglist()) + ")";
}


string t_csharp_generator::argument_list(t_struct* tstruct) {
  string result = "";
  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
  bool first = true;
  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    if (first) {
      first = false;
    } else {
      result += ", ";
    }
    result += type_name((*f_iter)->get_type()) + " " + (*f_iter)->get_name();
  }
  return result;
}

string t_csharp_generator::type_to_enum(t_type* type) {
  while (type->is_typedef()) {
    type = ((t_typedef*)type)->get_type();
  }

  if (type->is_base_type()) {
    t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();
    switch (tbase) {
      case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
        throw "NO T_VOID CONSTRUCT";
      case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
        return "TType.String";
      case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
        return "TType.Bool";
      case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
        return "TType.Byte";
      case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
        return "TType.I16";
      case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
        return "TType.I32";
      case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
        return "TType.I64";
      case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
        return "TType.Double";
    }
  } else if (type->is_enum()) {
    return "TType.I32";
  } else if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception()) {
    return "TType.Struct";
  } else if (type->is_map()) {
    return "TType.Map";
  } else if (type->is_set()) {
    return "TType.Set";
  } else if (type->is_list()) {
    return "TType.List";
  }

  throw "INVALID TYPE IN type_to_enum: " + type->get_name();
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_docstring_comment(ofstream &out, string contents) {
  generate_docstring_comment(out,
                             "/// <summary>\n",
                             "/// ", contents,
                             "/// </summary>\n");


}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_doc(ofstream &out, t_field* field) {
  if (field->get_type()->is_enum()) {
    string combined_message = field->get_doc() + "\n<seealso cref=\"" + get_enum_class_name(field->get_type()) + "\"/>";
    generate_csharp_docstring_comment(out, combined_message);
  } else {
    generate_csharp_doc(out, (t_doc*)field);
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_doc(ofstream &out, t_doc* tdoc) {
  if (tdoc->has_doc()) {
    generate_csharp_docstring_comment(out, tdoc->get_doc());
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_doc(ofstream &out, t_function* tfunction) {
  if (tfunction->has_doc()) {
	stringstream ps;
    const vector<t_field*>& fields = tfunction->get_arglist()->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator p_iter;
    for (p_iter = fields.begin(); p_iter != fields.end(); ++p_iter) {
      t_field* p = *p_iter;
      ps << "\n<param name=\"" << p->get_name() << "\">";
      if (p->has_doc()) {
		std::string str = p->get_doc();
		str.erase(std::remove(str.begin(), str.end(), '\n'), str.end()); // remove the newlines that appear from the parser
		ps << str;
      }
	  ps << "</param>";
    }
    generate_docstring_comment(out,
                               "",
                               "/// ",
							   "<summary>\n" + tfunction->get_doc() + "</summary>" + ps.str(),
                               "");
  }
}

std::string t_csharp_generator::get_enum_class_name(t_type* type) {
  string package = "";
  t_program* program = type->get_program();
  if (program != NULL && program != program_) {
    package = program->get_namespace("csharp") + ".";
  }
  return package + type->get_name();
}

THRIFT_REGISTER_GENERATOR(csharp, "C#",
"    async:           Adds Async support using Task.Run.\n"
"    asyncctp:        Adds Async CTP support using TaskEx.Run.\n"
"    wcf:             Adds bindings for WCF to generated classes.\n"
"    serial:          Add serialization support to generated classes.\n"
"    nullable:        Use nullable types for properties.\n"
"    hashcode:        Generate a hashcode and equals implementation for classes.\n"
"    union:           Use new union typing, which includes a static read function for union types.\n"
)