/* eslint-disable array-bracket-spacing, no-multi-spaces */ export const highlightResponseExample = { guid: 'US-8139878-B2', publicationReferenceDocumentNumber: '8139878', compositeId: '29243326!US-US-08139878', publicationReferenceDocumentNumber1: '08139878', datePublishedKwicHits: null, datePublished: '2012-03-20T00:00:00Z', inventionTitle: 'Picture coding method and picture decoding method', type: 'USPAT', mainClassificationCode: '382/238', applicantName: null, assigneeName: [ 'Panasonic Corporation' ], uspcFullClassificationFlattened: '375/240.12', ipcCodeFlattened: 'G06K9/36;H04N7/12', cpcInventiveFlattened: 'H04N19/593;H04N19/11;H04N19/61;H04N19/159;H04N19/13;H04N19/176;H04N19/60;H04N19/105;G06T9/004;H04N19/136', cpcAdditionalFlattened: null, applicationFilingDate: [ '2007-10-25T00:00:00Z' ], applicationFilingDateKwicHits: null, relatedApplFilingDate: [ '2006-06-15T00:00:00Z', '2003-03-27T00:00:00Z' ], primaryExaminer: 'Patel; Kanjibhai', assistantExaminer: null, applicationNumber: '11/976551', frontPageStart: 1, frontPageEnd: 2, drawingsStart: 3, drawingsEnd: 32, specificationStart: 33, specificationEnd: 51, claimsStart: 51, claimsEnd: 51, abstractStart: 1, abstractEnd: 1, bibStart: 1, bibEnd: 2, certCorrectionStart: 0, certCorrectionEnd: 0, certReexaminationStart: 0, certReexaminationEnd: 0, supplementalStart: 0, supplementalEnd: 0, ptabStart: 0, ptabEnd: 0, amendStart: 0, amendEnd: 0, searchReportStart: 0, searchReportEnd: 0, pageCount: 51, pageCountDisplay: '51', previouslyViewed: false, unused: false, imageLocation: 'uspat/US/08/139/878', imageFileName: '00000001.tif', cpcCodes: null, queryId: 0, tags: null, inventorsShort: 'Abe; Kiyofumi et al.', familyIdentifierCur: 29243326, familyIdentifierCurStr: '29243326', languageIndicator: 'EN', databaseName: 'USPT', dwImageDoctypeList: null, dwImageLocList: null, dwPageCountList: null, dwImageDocidList: null, patentFamilyMembers: null, patentFamilyCountry: null, patentFamilySerialNumber: null, documentIdWithDashesDw: null, pfPublDate: null, pfPublDateKwicHits: null, priorityClaimsDate: [ '2002-04-15T00:00:00Z' ], priorityClaimsDateKwicHits: null, pfApplicationSerialNumber: null, pfApplicationDescriptor: null, pfLanguage: null, pfApplicationDate: null, pfApplicationDateKwicHits: null, clippedUri: null, source: null, documentId: 'US 8139878 B2', derwentAccessionNumber: null, documentSize: 167608, score: 0, governmentInterest: null, kindCode: [ 'B2' ], urpn: [ '5010401', '5500678', '5510840', '5510841', '5512952', '5563593', '5576765', '5668599', '5719986', '5740283', '5751356', '5777679', '5821887', '5825419', '5974184', '6009229', '6020923', '6141385', '6148109', '6292588', '6341144', '6449395', '6473459', '6532306', '6614845', '6625211', '6654421', '6658157', '6907142', '6980732', '7010168', '2002/0037108' ], urpnCode: [ '5010401', '5500678', '5510840', '5510841', '5512952', '5563593', '5576765', '5668599', '5719986', '5740283', '5751356', '5777679', '5821887', '5825419', '5974184', '6009229', '6020923', '6141385', '6148109', '6292588', '6341144', '6449395', '6473459', '6532306', '6614845', '6625211', '6654421', '6658157', '6907142', '6980732', '7010168', '2002/0037108' ], abstractedPatentNumber: null, assigneeCity: [ 'Osaka' ], assigneePostalCode: [ 'N/A' ], assigneeState: [ 'N/A' ], assigneeTypeCode: [ '03' ], curIntlPatentClassificationPrimary: [ 'G06K9/36 20060101' ], curIntlPatentClassificationPrimaryDateKwicHits: null, designatedStates: null, examinerGroup: '2624', issuedUsCrossRefClassification: [ '375/240.12' ], jpoFtermCurrent: null, languageOfSpecification: null, chosenDrawingsReference: null, derwentClass: null, inventionTitleHighlights: null, cpcOrigInventiveClassificationHighlights: null, cpcInventiveDateKwicHits: null, cpcOrigAdditionalClassification: null, cpcAdditionalDateKwicHits: null, curIntlPatentClssficationSecHighlights: null, fieldOfSearchClassSubclassHighlights: [ '382/232-251', '382/276', '382/305', '375/240.03', '375/240.12', '375/240.16', '375/240.2', '375/240.23', '375/240.24', '348/14.13', '348/408.1', '341/67', '341/106' ], cpcCombinationSetsCurHighlights: null, applicantCountry: null, applicantCity: null, applicantState: null, applicantZipCode: null, applicantAuthorityType: null, applicantDescriptiveText: null, applicationSerialNumber: [ '976551' ], inventorCity: [ 'Kadoma', 'Nishinomiya', 'Yawata', 'Moriguchi' ], inventorState: [ 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A' ], inventorPostalCode: [ 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A' ], standardTitleTermsHighlights: null, primaryExaminerHighlights: 'Patel; Kanjibhai', continuityData: [ 'continuation parent-doc US 11453078 20060615 US 7308143 child-doc US 11976551\n' + '
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' ], inventors: null, uspcFullClassification: null, uspcCodeFmtFlattened: null, ipcCode: null, applicationNumberHighlights: [ '11/976551' ], dateProduced: '2012-02-29T00:00:00Z', auxFamilyMembersGroupTempPlaceHolder: null, priorityCountryCode: null, cpcCurAdditionalClassification: null, internationalClassificationMain: null, internationalClassificationSecondary: null, internationalClassificationInformational: null, europeanClassification: null, europeanClassificationMain: null, europeanClassificationSecondary: null, lanuageIndicator: null, intlPubClassificationPrimary: [ 'G06K9/36 20060101 G06K009/36' ], intlPubClassificationPrimaryDateKwicHits: null, intlPubClassificationSecondary: [ 'H04N7/12 20060101 H04N007/12' ], intlPubClassificationSecondaryDateKwicHits: null, publicationDate: null, derwentWeekInt: 0, derwentWeek: null, currentUsOriginalClassification: '382/238', currentUsCrossReferenceClassification: [ '375/240.12' ], locarnoClassification: null, equivalentAbstractText: null, hagueIntlRegistrationNumber: null, hagueIntlFilingDate: null, hagueIntlFilingDateKwicHits: null, hagueIntlRegistrationDate: null, hagueIntlRegistrationDateKwicHits: null, hagueIntlRegistrationPubDate: null, hagueIntlRegistrationPubDateKwicHits: null, curIntlPatentClassificationNoninvention: null, curIntlPatentClassificationNoninventionDateKwicHits: null, curIntlPatentClassificationSecondary: [ 'H04N7/12 20060101' ], curIntlPatentClassificationSecondaryDateKwicHits: null, abstractHtml: 'The method includes the following units: a coefficient number detecting unit (109) for detecting the number of coefficients which has a value other than 0 for each block according to the generated coefficient, a coefficient number storing unit (110) for storing the number of coefficients detected, a coefficient number coding unit (111) for selecting a table for variable length coding based on the numbers of coefficients in the coded blocks located on the periphery of a current block to be coded with reference to the selected table for variable length coding so as to perform variable length coding for the number of coefficients.', descriptionHtml: '(1) BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
(2) FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a structure of an embodiment of a picture coding device using a picture coding method according to the present invention.
(3) FIG. 2A is a pattern diagram showing a sketch of a processing order of macroblocks in each picture. FIG. 2B is a pattern diagram showing macroblocks which belong to coded blocks used for reference in order to encode a number of coefficients of a current block to be coded.
(4) FIG. 3A is a block diagram showing a structure of a coefficient number encoder according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3B is a block diagram showing a structure of a transformational example of the coefficient number encoder.
(5) FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B are pattern diagrams showing a physical position of a current block to be coded and the coded blocks used for the reference. FIG. 4A presents a case of using three adjacent blocks whereas FIG. 4B presents a case of using two adjacent blocks.
(6) FIG. 5 is a pattern diagram showing an example of a flow when the number of coefficients is transformed into a bit stream with reference to tables.
(7) FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B are pattern diagrams showing reference blocks for a current macroblock to be coded. FIG. 6A presents a case of using three adjacent blocks whereas FIG. 6B presents a case of using two adjacent blocks.
(8) FIG. 7A, FIG. 7B and FIG. 7C are pattern diagrams showing an operation in which a coefficient number storing unit stores the numbers of coefficients. FIG. 7A presents a case where a processing proceeds to the next macroblock whereas FIG. 7B presents a case where the processing further proceeds to the next macroblock. FIG. 7C presents a case where the current macroblock is located at the right edge of the picture and the processing shifts to the next macroblock.
(9) FIG. 8A, FIG. 8B and FIG. 8C are block diagrams showing a structure of a transformational example of a coefficient number encoder according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8A presents a case of fixing a code table. FIG. 8B presents a case of fixing a VLC table. The FIG. 8C presents a case of using only a VLC table without using code tables.
(10) FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a structure of a transformational example of the coefficient number encoder according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
(11) FIG. 10A is a block diagram showing a structure of a coefficient number encoder according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10B is a block diagram showing a structure of a transformational example of the coefficient number encoder.
(12) FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B are pattern diagrams for showing a position of blocks targeted for statistics of the numbers of coefficients according to the second and the seventh embodiments of the present invention.
(13) FIG. 12A is a block diagram showing a structure of a coefficient number encoder according to the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12B is a block diagram showing a structure of a transformational example of the coefficient number encoder.
(14) FIG. 13A is a block diagram showing a structure of a coefficient number encoder according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13B is a block diagram showing a structure of a transformational example of the coefficient number encoder.
(15) FIG. 14 is a block diagram for showing a method of calculating an evaluation value obtained by the table switching according to the fourth and the ninth embodiments of the present invention.
(16) FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a structure of a picture coding device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
(17) FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a structure of a coefficient number encoder according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
(18) FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a structure of an embodiment of a picture decoding device using a picture decoding method according to the present invention.
(19) FIG. 18A is a block diagram showing a structure of a coefficient number decoder according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 18B is a block diagram showing a structure of a transformational example of the coefficient number decoder.
(20) FIG. 19 is a pattern diagram showing an example of a flow when a bit stream of a number of coefficients is transformed into the number of coefficients with reference to tables.
(21) FIG. 20A and FIG. 20B are block diagrams showing a structure of a transformational example of a coefficient number decoder according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 20A presents a case of fixing a code table. FIG. 20B presents a case of fixing a VLC table. FIG. 20C presents a case of using a VLC table without using code tables.
(22) FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a structure of a transformational example of a coefficient number decoder according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
(23) FIG. 22A is a block diagram for explaining an operation of processing showing a structure of a coefficient number decoder according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 22B is a block diagram showing a structure of a transformational example of the coefficient number decoder.
(24) FIG. 23A is a block diagram for explaining an operation of processing showing a structure of a coefficient number decoder according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 23B is a block diagram showing a structure of a transformational example of the coefficient number decoder.
(25) FIG. 24A is a block diagram for explaining an operation of processing which shows a structure of the coefficient number decoder according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 24B is a block diagram showing a structure of a transformational example of the coefficient number decoder.
(26) FIG. 25 is a block diagram for explaining an operation of processing which shows a structure of a coefficient number decoder according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
(27) FIG. 26A and FIG. 26B are illustrations regarding a recording medium for storing a program in order to realize a picture coding method as well as a picture decoding method of each embodiment in a computing system. FIG. 26A is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a physical format of a flexible disk which is a main body of a recording medium. FIG. 26B is an explanatory diagram showing a full appearance of the flexible disk, a structure at cross section and the flexible disk itself. FIG. 26C is an illustration showing a structure for recording and reproducing the program on the flexible disk FD.
(28) FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing a whole structure of a content providing system which realizes a content delivery service.
(29) FIG. 28 is a sketch showing an example of a cell phone.
(30) FIG. 29 is a block diagram showing an internal structure of the cell phone.
(31) FIG. 30 is a block diagram showing a whole system of a digital broadcasting system.
(32) BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
(33) The following describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the diagrams and equations.
(34) First Embodiment
(35) FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a structure of an embodiment of a picture coding device using a picture coding method according to the present invention.
(36) The picture coding device includes, as shown in FIG. 1, frame memories 101 and 106, an orthogonal transforming unit 102, a quantizing unit 103, an inverse quantizing unit 104, an inverse orthogonal transforming unit 105, an inter picture predicting unit 107, an intra picture predicting unit 108, a coefficient number detecting unit 109, a coefficient number storing unit 110, a coefficient number encoder 111, a coefficient value encoder 112, a bit stream generating unit 113, switches 114 and 115, a difference calculating unit 116 and an addition calculating unit 117.
(37) The frame memory 101 stores moving pictures inputted on a picture-to-picture basis in display order. The inter picture predicting unit 107 detects motion vectors which show a position predicted as optimal in the searching area in the picture, using picture data reconstructed in a coding device as reference pictures so as to create predictive picture data based on the motion vectors. The difference calculating unit 116 calculates a difference between the input picture data read out from the frame memory 101 and the predictive picture data inputted from the inter picture predicting unit 107 so as to create predictive residual picture data.
(38) The intra picture predicting unit 108 creates predictive picture data using the picture data of the coded area in the current picture and creates predictive residual picture data by calculating the difference between the created predictive picture data and the input picture data.
(39) The orthogonal transforming unit 102 performs orthogonal transformation to the inputted predictive residual picture data. The quantizing unit 103 performs a quantization to the orthogonal transformed data and creates coefficients showing spatial frequency components which is an object for variable length coding. The inverse quantizing unit 104 performs inverse quantization to the coefficients created in the aforementioned processing. The inverse orthogonal transforming unit 105 performs inverse orthogonal transformation to the inverse quantized data and creates reconstructed predictive residual picture data. The addition calculating unit 117 adds the reconstructed residual picture data inputted from the inverse orthogonal transforming unit 105 and the predictive picture data inputted from the inter predicting unit 107 and creates re', claimsHtml: '1. A transmitting apparatus which transmits multiplexed data which is obtained by multiplexing coded audio data and coded picture data, said transmitting apparatus comprising: an audio processing unit configured to code audio data to obtain coded audio data; a picture coding unit configured to code picture data to obtain coded picture data; and a multiplexing unit configured to multiplex the coded audio data and the coded picture data to obtain multiplexed data, wherein said picture coding unit includes a block coding unit configured to code a block image to obtain coded block data, the block image being obtained by dividing a picture signal into plural blocks, generating a residual block image from the block image of the respective blocks and a predictive block image obtained by intra-picture prediction or inter-picture prediction, and coding, on a block basis, coefficients obtained by performing orthogonal transformation and quantization on the residual block image, wherein said block coding unit includes: a coefficient number coding unit configured to code a total number of non-zero coefficients included in a current block to be coded, each of the non-zero coefficients being a coefficient having a value other than "0", wherein said coefficient number coding unit includes: a determining unit configured to determine a predictive value for the total number of non-zero coefficients included in the current block based on a total number of non-zero coefficients included in a coded block located on a periphery of the current block; a selecting unit configured to select a variable length code table based on the determined predictive value; and a variable length coding unit configured to perform variable length coding on the total number of the non-zero coefficients included in the current block, by using the selected variable length code table.
2. The transmitting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the determining unit is configured to determine a predictive value for the total number of non-zero coefficients included in the current block based on a total number of non-zero coefficients included in a coded block located above the current block and a total number of non-zero coefficients included a coded block located to the left of the current block.
3. The transmitting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, when only one of a coded block located above the current block or a coded block located to the left of the current block is not found, the determining unit is configured to determine a predictive value for the total number of non-zero coefficients included in the current block based on the total number of non-zero coefficients included in the one of the coded block located above the current block or the coded block located to the left of the current block which is found.
4. The transmitting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the determining unit is configured to determine the predictive value for the total number of non-zero coefficients included in the current block to be a value of "0" when no coded blocks are found above and to the left of the current block.', briefHtml: '(1) TECHNICAL FIELD
(2) The present invention relates to a picture coding method and a picture decoding method for coding an image digitally so as to transfer or store it.
(3) BACKGROUND ART
(4) A coding of moving pictures, in general, divides a picture into a certain size of blocks and performs intra picture prediction and inter picture prediction for each block. It then applies orthogonal transformation, for example, discrete cosine transform or the like for each block of the smallest unit of a division (i.e. 4.times.4 pixels) so as to perform coding using variable length coding based on run level coding for coefficients showing spatial frequency components gained by orthogonal transformation.
(5) The variable length coding assigns variable length code to values of the coefficients contained in the block to which orthogonal transformation is applied (level) as well as to numbers consisting of a series of a coefficient 0 (run). In this case, a table which corresponds the values with variable length code is called a VLC table. Under the conventional method, only one table is prepared as a VLC table respectively for intra prediction coding and inter prediction coding (reference to ISO/IEC 14496-2:1999(E) Information technology--coding of audio-visual objects Part 2: Visual (1999-12-01) P. 119 7.4.1 Variable length decoding).
(6) Under the variable length coding method explained in the existing technique, only one table is prepared as a VLC table respectively for intra prediction coding and inter prediction coding. Therefore, it contains a problem that coding efficiency differs greatly depending on a quality of a current picture to be coded.
(7) In order to solve this problem, a method of preparing a plurality of tables so as to refer to them by switching between them according to the number of coefficients other than 0 contained in a current block to which orthogonal transformation is applied is conceivable. For realizing this, it is necessary to perform coding by applying variable length coding for the numbers of the coefficients other than 0, however, the coding method and the decoding method are not yet established.
(8) DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
(9) The present invention has been devised in view of these circumstances and it is an object of the present invention to suggest a picture coding method as well as a picture decoding method that realize coding of the number of coefficients other than 0 contained in the block to which orthogonal transformation is applied with high efficiency regardless of the quality of the current picture.
(10) In order to solve the problem as mentioned above, a picture coding method according to the present invention codes, on a block-to-block basis, an image by transforming the image into coefficients showing spatial frequency components and comprises: a predicting step for calculating a predictive value of the number of coefficients other than 0 contained in a current block to be coded based on the numbers of coefficients other than 0 contained in coded blocks located on a periphery of the current block; a table selecting step for selecting tables for variable length coding based on the predictive value calculated in the predicting step; and a variable length coding step for performing variable length coding for the number of the coefficients other than 0 contained in the current block with reference to the tables for variable length coding selected in the table selecting step.
(11) Thus, it realizes an improvement in coding efficiency since it is possible to refer to optimal tables for variable length coding when coding the number of the coefficients other than 0 contained in the current block.
(12) Also, in the predicting step, the predictive value is calculated using an average value of the numbers of the coefficients other than 0 contained in the coded blocks.
(13) Also, the tables for variable length coding include at least one VLC table. In the table selecting step, the VLC table is selected based on the predictive value calculated in the predicting step and in the variable length coding step, the number of the coefficients other than 0 contained in the current block is transformed into a variable length code with reference to the VLC table selected in the table selecting step.
(14) The tables for variable length coding include at least one code table and one VLC table. In the table selecting step, a code table and a VLC table are selected based on the predictive value calculated in the predicting step and in the variable length coding step, the number of the coefficients other than 0 contained in the current block is transformed into a code number with reference to the code table selected in the table selecting step and then the code number is transformed into a variable length code with reference to the VLC table selected in the table selecting step.
(15) The picture coding method comprises a keeping step for keeping the numbers of the coefficients other than 0 contained in the coded blocks neighboring an uncoded block at least until the uncoded block is coded.
(16) In the predicting step, the predictive value of the number of the coefficients other than 0 contained in the current block is calculated based on the numbers of the coefficients other than 0 contained in the coded blocks located above and on the left of the current block.
(17) In the predicting step, a value 0 is set as the predictive value when no coded blocks are found above and on the left of the current block.
(18) In the predicting step, an average value of the numbers of the coefficients other than 0 contained in the coded blocks located above and on the left of the current block is calculated as the predictive value when the coded blocks are found above and on the left of the current block.
(19) In the predicting step, the number of the coefficients other than 0 contained in the coded block on the left of the current block is set as the predictive value when the coded block is found on the left but not above the current block.
(20) In the predicting step, the number of the coefficients other than 0 contained in the coded block above the current block is set as the predictive value when the coded block is found above but not on the left of the current block.
(21) In the predicting step, a value 0 is set as the predictive value when upper and left boundaries of the current block are either a boundary of pictures, each of which is a unit of the picture or a boundary of slices, each of which is what the picture is divided into a plurality of sections.
(22) In the predicting step, an average value of the numbers of the coefficients other than 0 contained in the coded blocks located above and on the left of the current block is set as the predictive value when upper and left boundaries of the current block are neither a boundary of pictures, each of which is a unit of the picture nor a boundary of slices, each of which is what the picture is divided into a plurality of sections.
(23) In the predicting step, the number of the coefficients other than 0 contained in the coded block on the left of the current block is set as the predictive value when an upper boundary of the current block is either a boundary of pictures, each of which is a unit of the picture or a boundary of slices, each of which is what the picture is divided into a plurality of sections, and the left boundary is neither the boundary of pictures nor the boundary of slices.
(24) In the predicting step, the number of the coefficients other than 0 contained in the coded block above the current block is set as the predictive value when a left boundary of the current block is either a boundary of pictures, each of which is a unit of the picture or a boundary of slices, each of which is what the picture is divided into a plurality of sections, and an upper boundary is neither the boundary of pictures nor the boundary of slices.
(25) A picture decoding method according to the present invention decodes, on a block-to-block basis, an image that is coded by transforming the image into coefficients showing spatial frequency components and comprises:
(26) a predicting step for calculating a predictive value of the number of the coefficients other than 0 contained in a current block to be decoded based on numbers of coefficients other than 0 contained in decoded blocks located on a periphery of the current block;
(27) a table selecting step for selecting tables for variable length decoding based on the predictive value calculated in the predicting step; and a variable length decoding step for performing variable length decoding for the number of the coefficients other than 0 contained in the current block with reference to the tables for variable length decoding selected in the table selecting step.
(28) Thus, it realizes a correct decoding of a bit stream, in which the number of the coefficients other than 0 contained in the block is coded, referring to optimal tables for variable length decoding.
(29) Also, in the predicting step, the predictive value is calculated using an average value of the numbers of the coefficients other than 0 contained in the decoded blocks.
(30) Also, the tables for variable length decoding include at least one VLC table. In the table selecting step, the VLC table is selected based on the predictive value calculated in the predicting step, and in the variable length decoding step, a variable length code showing the number of coefficients other than 0 contained in the current block is transformed into said number of the coefficients other than 0 contained in the current block, with reference to the VLC table selected in the table selecting step.
(31) The tables for variable length decoding include at least one code table and one VLC table. In the table se', backgroundTextHtml: 'This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/453,078, filed Jun. 15, 2006 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,308,143, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/479,831 filed Dec. 8, 2003, now U.S. Pat. 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