{
  "rule": {
    "id": "S045",
    "name": "Brute-force Protection",
    "description": "Implement protection against brute-force attacks on authentication endpoints. This rule detects missing rate limiting, account lockout mechanisms, and other brute-force protection measures in authentication flows.",
    "category": "security",
    "severity": "error",
    "languages": ["typescript", "javascript"],
    "frameworks": ["nestjs", "express", "node"],
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "status": "stable",
    "tags": ["security", "authentication", "brute-force", "rate-limiting", "owasp"],
    "references": [
      "https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Brute_force_attack",
      "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Authentication_Cheat_Sheet.html",
      "https://owasp.org/www-community/controls/Blocking_Brute_Force_Attacks",
      "https://portswigger.net/web-security/authentication/password-based/brute-force"
    ]
  },
  "configuration": {
    "enableRateLimitDetection": true,
    "enableAccountLockoutDetection": true,
    "enableCaptchaDetection": true,
    "checkAuthenticationEndpoints": [
      "login",
      "signin", 
      "authenticate",
      "auth",
      "password",
      "reset",
      "forgot"
    ],
    "rateLimitLibraries": [
      "express-rate-limit",
      "express-slow-down",
      "@nestjs/throttler",
      "rate-limiter-flexible",
      "bottleneck",
      "limiter"
    ],
    "accountLockoutLibraries": [
      "express-slow-down",
      "rate-limiter-flexible",
      "express-brute",
      "express-brute-mongo"
    ],
    "captchaLibraries": [
      "recaptcha",
      "hcaptcha",
      "turnstile",
      "captcha"
    ],
    "vulnerablePatterns": [
      "login.*without.*rate.*limit",
      "auth.*without.*throttle",
      "password.*without.*lockout",
      "signin.*without.*captcha"
    ],
    "protectionPatterns": [
      "rate.*limit",
      "throttle",
      "lockout",
      "captcha",
      "brute.*force.*protection",
      "max.*attempts",
      "cooldown"
    ],
    "maxAttemptsThreshold": 5,
    "timeWindowMinutes": 15
  },
  "examples": {
    "violations": [
      {
        "description": "Login endpoint without rate limiting",
        "code": "@Post('login')\nasync login(@Body() loginDto: LoginDto) {\n  return this.authService.validateUser(loginDto);\n}"
      },
      {
        "description": "Authentication without account lockout",
        "code": "app.post('/auth/login', (req, res) => {\n  const { username, password } = req.body;\n  // No rate limiting or lockout mechanism\n  authenticateUser(username, password);\n});"
      },
      {
        "description": "Password reset without protection",
        "code": "@Post('reset-password')\nasync resetPassword(@Body() resetDto: ResetPasswordDto) {\n  // No rate limiting or captcha\n  return this.authService.resetPassword(resetDto);\n}"
      }
    ],
    "fixes": [
      {
        "description": "Login with rate limiting and account lockout",
        "code": "@Post('login')\n@Throttle(5, 60) // 5 attempts per minute\nasync login(@Body() loginDto: LoginDto) {\n  return this.authService.validateUser(loginDto);\n}"
      },
      {
        "description": "Express with rate limiting middleware",
        "code": "const rateLimit = require('express-rate-limit');\n\nconst loginLimiter = rateLimit({\n  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes\n  max: 5, // limit each IP to 5 requests per windowMs\n  message: 'Too many login attempts'\n});\n\napp.post('/auth/login', loginLimiter, (req, res) => {\n  // authentication logic\n});"
      },
      {
        "description": "NestJS with ThrottlerModule",
        "code": "@Module({\n  imports: [\n    ThrottlerModule.forRoot([{\n      ttl: 60000,\n      limit: 5,\n    }]),\n  ],\n})\nexport class AuthModule {}"
      }
    ]
  },
  "testing": {
    "testCases": [
      {
        "name": "login_without_rate_limit",
        "type": "violation",
        "description": "Login endpoint without rate limiting"
      },
      {
        "name": "auth_without_throttle",
        "type": "violation", 
        "description": "Authentication without throttling"
      },
      {
        "name": "password_reset_unprotected",
        "type": "violation",
        "description": "Password reset without protection"
      },
      {
        "name": "login_with_rate_limit",
        "type": "clean",
        "description": "Login with proper rate limiting"
      },
      {
        "name": "auth_with_throttle",
        "type": "clean",
        "description": "Authentication with throttling"
      },
      {
        "name": "password_reset_protected",
        "type": "clean",
        "description": "Password reset with protection"
      }
    ]
  },
  "performance": {
    "complexity": "O(n)",
    "description": "Linear complexity based on number of authentication endpoints and middleware usage"
  }
}