export {
  Format,
  FormatDefinition,
  AsyncFormatDefinition,
  KeywordDefinition,
  KeywordErrorDefinition,
  CodeKeywordDefinition,
  MacroKeywordDefinition,
  FuncKeywordDefinition,
  Vocabulary,
  Schema,
  SchemaObject,
  AnySchemaObject,
  AsyncSchema,
  AnySchema,
  ValidateFunction,
  AsyncValidateFunction,
  AnyValidateFunction,
  ErrorObject,
  ErrorNoParams,
} from "./types"

export {SchemaCxt, SchemaObjCxt} from "./compile"
export interface Plugin<Opts> {
  (ajv: Ajv, options?: Opts): Ajv
  [prop: string]: any
}

export {KeywordCxt} from "./compile/validate"
export {DefinedError} from "./vocabularies/errors"
export {JSONType} from "./compile/rules"
export {JSONSchemaType} from "./types/json-schema"
export {JTDSchemaType, SomeJTDSchemaType, JTDDataType} from "./types/jtd-schema"
export {_, str, stringify, nil, Name, Code, CodeGen, CodeGenOptions} from "./compile/codegen"

import type {
  Schema,
  AnySchema,
  AnySchemaObject,
  SchemaObject,
  AsyncSchema,
  Vocabulary,
  KeywordDefinition,
  AddedKeywordDefinition,
  AnyValidateFunction,
  ValidateFunction,
  AsyncValidateFunction,
  ErrorObject,
  Format,
  AddedFormat,
  RegExpEngine,
  UriResolver,
} from "./types"
import type {JSONSchemaType} from "./types/json-schema"
import type {JTDSchemaType, SomeJTDSchemaType, JTDDataType} from "./types/jtd-schema"
import ValidationError from "./runtime/validation_error"
import MissingRefError from "./compile/ref_error"
import {getRules, ValidationRules, Rule, RuleGroup, JSONType} from "./compile/rules"
import {SchemaEnv, compileSchema, resolveSchema} from "./compile"
import {Code, ValueScope} from "./compile/codegen"
import {normalizeId, getSchemaRefs} from "./compile/resolve"
import {getJSONTypes} from "./compile/validate/dataType"
import {eachItem} from "./compile/util"
import * as $dataRefSchema from "./refs/data.json"

import DefaultUriResolver from "./runtime/uri"

const defaultRegExp: RegExpEngine = (str, flags) => new RegExp(str, flags)
defaultRegExp.code = "new RegExp"

const META_IGNORE_OPTIONS: (keyof Options)[] = [
  "removeAdditional",
  "useDefaults",
  "coerceTypes",
  "defaultUnevaluatedProperties",
  "defaultAdditionalProperties",
]
const EXT_SCOPE_NAMES = new Set([
  "validate",
  "serialize",
  "parse",
  "wrapper",
  "root",
  "schema",
  "keyword",
  "pattern",
  "formats",
  "validate$data",
  "func",
  "obj",
  "Error",
])

export type Options = CurrentOptions & DeprecatedOptions

export interface CurrentOptions {
  // strict mode options (NEW)
  strict?: boolean | "log"
  strictSchema?: boolean | "log"
  strictNumbers?: boolean | "log"
  strictTypes?: boolean | "log"
  strictTuples?: boolean | "log"
  strictRequired?: boolean | "log"
  allowMatchingProperties?: boolean // disables a strict mode restriction
  allowUnionTypes?: boolean
  validateFormats?: boolean
  // validation and reporting options:
  $data?: boolean
  allErrors?: boolean
  verbose?: boolean
  discriminator?: boolean
  unicodeRegExp?: boolean
  timestamp?: "string" | "date" // JTD only
  parseDate?: boolean // JTD only
  allowDate?: boolean // JTD only
  $comment?:
    | true
    | ((comment: string, schemaPath?: string, rootSchema?: AnySchemaObject) => unknown)
  formats?: {[Name in string]?: Format}
  keywords?: Vocabulary
  schemas?: AnySchema[] | {[Key in string]?: AnySchema}
  logger?: Logger | false
  loadSchema?: (uri: string) => Promise<AnySchemaObject>
  loadSchemaSync?: (base: string, $ref: string, id: string) => AnySchemaObject | boolean
  // options to modify validated data:
  removeAdditional?: boolean | "all" | "failing"
  defaultUnevaluatedProperties?: boolean
  defaultAdditionalProperties?: boolean // @deprecated

  useDefaults?: boolean | "empty"
  coerceTypes?: boolean | "array"
  // advanced options:
  next?: boolean // NEW
  unevaluated?: boolean // NEW
  dynamicRef?: boolean // NEW
  schemaId?: "id" | "$id"
  jtd?: boolean // NEW
  meta?: SchemaObject | boolean
  defaultMeta?: string | AnySchemaObject
  validateSchema?: boolean | "log"
  addUsedSchema?: boolean
  inlineRefs?: boolean | number
  passContext?: boolean
  loopRequired?: number
  loopEnum?: number // NEW
  ownProperties?: boolean
  multipleOfPrecision?: number
  int32range?: boolean // JTD only
  messages?: boolean
  code?: CodeOptions // NEW
  uriResolver?: UriResolver
}

export interface CodeOptions {
  es5?: boolean
  esm?: boolean
  lines?: boolean
  optimize?: boolean | number
  formats?: Code // code to require (or construct) map of available formats - for standalone code
  source?: boolean
  process?: (code: string, schema?: SchemaEnv) => string
  regExp?: RegExpEngine
}

interface InstanceCodeOptions extends CodeOptions {
  regExp: RegExpEngine
  optimize: number
}

interface DeprecatedOptions {
  /** @deprecated */
  ignoreKeywordsWithRef?: boolean
  /** @deprecated */
  jsPropertySyntax?: boolean // added instead of jsonPointers
  /** @deprecated */
  unicode?: boolean
}

interface RemovedOptions {
  format?: boolean
  errorDataPath?: "object" | "property"
  nullable?: boolean // "nullable" keyword is supported by default
  jsonPointers?: boolean
  extendRefs?: true | "ignore" | "fail"
  missingRefs?: true | "ignore" | "fail"
  processCode?: (code: string, schema?: SchemaEnv) => string
  sourceCode?: boolean
  strictDefaults?: boolean
  strictKeywords?: boolean
  uniqueItems?: boolean
  unknownFormats?: true | string[] | "ignore"
  cache?: any
  serialize?: (schema: AnySchema) => unknown
  ajvErrors?: boolean
}

type OptionsInfo<T extends RemovedOptions | DeprecatedOptions> = {
  [K in keyof T]-?: string | undefined
}

const removedOptions: OptionsInfo<RemovedOptions> = {
  errorDataPath: "",
  format: "`validateFormats: false` can be used instead.",
  nullable: '"nullable" keyword is supported by default.',
  jsonPointers: "Deprecated jsPropertySyntax can be used instead.",
  extendRefs: "Deprecated ignoreKeywordsWithRef can be used instead.",
  missingRefs: "Pass empty schema with $id that should be ignored to ajv.addSchema.",
  processCode: "Use option `code: {process: (code, schemaEnv: object) => string}`",
  sourceCode: "Use option `code: {source: true}`",
  strictDefaults: "It is default now, see option `strict`.",
  strictKeywords: "It is default now, see option `strict`.",
  uniqueItems: '"uniqueItems" keyword is always validated.',
  unknownFormats: "Disable strict mode or pass `true` to `ajv.addFormat` (or `formats` option).",
  cache: "Map is used as cache, schema object as key.",
  serialize: "Map is used as cache, schema object as key.",
  ajvErrors: "It is default now.",
}

const deprecatedOptions: OptionsInfo<DeprecatedOptions> = {
  ignoreKeywordsWithRef: "",
  jsPropertySyntax: "",
  unicode: '"minLength"/"maxLength" account for unicode characters by default.',
}

type RequiredInstanceOptions = {
  [K in
    | "strictSchema"
    | "strictNumbers"
    | "strictTypes"
    | "strictTuples"
    | "strictRequired"
    | "inlineRefs"
    | "loopRequired"
    | "loopEnum"
    | "meta"
    | "messages"
    | "schemaId"
    | "addUsedSchema"
    | "validateSchema"
    | "validateFormats"
    | "int32range"
    | "unicodeRegExp"
    | "uriResolver"]: NonNullable<Options[K]>
} & {code: InstanceCodeOptions}

export type InstanceOptions = Options & RequiredInstanceOptions

const MAX_EXPRESSION = 200

// eslint-disable-next-line complexity
function requiredOptions(o: Options): RequiredInstanceOptions {
  const s = o.strict
  const _optz = o.code?.optimize
  const optimize = _optz === true || _optz === undefined ? 1 : _optz || 0
  const regExp = o.code?.regExp ?? defaultRegExp
  const uriResolver = o.uriResolver ?? DefaultUriResolver
  return {
    strictSchema: o.strictSchema ?? s ?? true,
    strictNumbers: o.strictNumbers ?? s ?? true,
    strictTypes: o.strictTypes ?? s ?? "log",
    strictTuples: o.strictTuples ?? s ?? "log",
    strictRequired: o.strictRequired ?? s ?? false,
    code: o.code ? {...o.code, optimize, regExp} : {optimize, regExp},
    loopRequired: o.loopRequired ?? MAX_EXPRESSION,
    loopEnum: o.loopEnum ?? MAX_EXPRESSION,
    meta: o.meta ?? true,
    messages: o.messages ?? true,
    inlineRefs: o.inlineRefs ?? true,
    schemaId: o.schemaId ?? "$id",
    addUsedSchema: o.addUsedSchema ?? true,
    validateSchema: o.validateSchema ?? true,
    validateFormats: o.validateFormats ?? true,
    unicodeRegExp: o.unicodeRegExp ?? true,
    int32range: o.int32range ?? true,
    uriResolver: uriResolver,
  }
}

export interface Logger {
  log(...args: unknown[]): unknown
  warn(...args: unknown[]): unknown
  error(...args: unknown[]): unknown
}

export default class Ajv {
  opts: InstanceOptions
  errors?: ErrorObject[] | null // errors from the last validation
  logger: Logger
  // shared external scope values for compiled functions
  readonly scope: ValueScope
  readonly schemas: {[Key in string]?: SchemaEnv} = {}
  readonly refs: {[Ref in string]?: SchemaEnv | string} = {}
  readonly formats: {[Name in string]?: AddedFormat} = {}
  readonly RULES: ValidationRules
  readonly _compilations: Set<SchemaEnv> = new Set()
  private readonly _loading: {[Ref in string]?: Promise<AnySchemaObject>} = {}
  private readonly _cache: Map<AnySchema, SchemaEnv> = new Map()
  private readonly _metaOpts: InstanceOptions

  static ValidationError = ValidationError
  static MissingRefError = MissingRefError

  constructor(opts: Options = {}) {
    opts = this.opts = {...opts, ...requiredOptions(opts)}
    const {es5, lines} = this.opts.code

    this.scope = new ValueScope({scope: {}, prefixes: EXT_SCOPE_NAMES, es5, lines})
    this.logger = getLogger(opts.logger)
    const formatOpt = opts.validateFormats
    opts.validateFormats = false

    this.RULES = getRules()
    checkOptions.call(this, removedOptions, opts, "NOT SUPPORTED")
    checkOptions.call(this, deprecatedOptions, opts, "DEPRECATED", "warn")
    this._metaOpts = getMetaSchemaOptions.call(this)

    if (opts.formats) addInitialFormats.call(this)
    this._addVocabularies()
    this._addDefaultMetaSchema()
    if (opts.keywords) addInitialKeywords.call(this, opts.keywords)
    if (typeof opts.meta == "object") this.addMetaSchema(opts.meta)
    addInitialSchemas.call(this)
    opts.validateFormats = formatOpt
  }

  _addVocabularies(): void {
    this.addKeyword("$async")
  }

  _addDefaultMetaSchema(): void {
    const {$data, meta, schemaId} = this.opts
    let _dataRefSchema: SchemaObject = $dataRefSchema
    if (schemaId === "id") {
      _dataRefSchema = {...$dataRefSchema}
      _dataRefSchema.id = _dataRefSchema.$id
      delete _dataRefSchema.$id
    }
    if (meta && $data) this.addMetaSchema(_dataRefSchema, _dataRefSchema[schemaId], false)
  }

  defaultMeta(): string | AnySchemaObject | undefined {
    const {meta, schemaId} = this.opts
    return (this.opts.defaultMeta = typeof meta == "object" ? meta[schemaId] || meta : undefined)
  }

  // Validate data using schema
  // AnySchema will be compiled and cached using schema itself as a key for Map
  validate(schema: Schema | string, data: unknown): boolean
  validate(schemaKeyRef: AnySchema | string, data: unknown): boolean | Promise<unknown>
  validate<T>(schema: Schema | JSONSchemaType<T> | string, data: unknown): data is T
  // Separated for type inference to work
  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unified-signatures
  validate<T>(schema: JTDSchemaType<T>, data: unknown): data is T
  // This overload is only intended for typescript inference, the first
  // argument prevents manual type annotation from matching this overload
  validate<N extends never, T extends SomeJTDSchemaType>(
    schema: T,
    data: unknown
  ): data is JTDDataType<T>
  validate<T>(schema: AsyncSchema, data: unknown | T): Promise<T>
  validate<T>(schemaKeyRef: AnySchema | string, data: unknown): data is T | Promise<T>
  validate<T>(
    schemaKeyRef: AnySchema | string, // key, ref or schema object
    data: unknown | T // to be validated
  ): boolean | Promise<T> {
    let v: AnyValidateFunction | undefined
    if (typeof schemaKeyRef == "string") {
      v = this.getSchema<T>(schemaKeyRef)
      if (!v) throw new Error(`no schema with key or ref "${schemaKeyRef}"`)
    } else {
      v = this.compile<T>(schemaKeyRef)
    }

    const valid = v(data)
    if (!("$async" in v)) this.errors = v.errors
    return valid
  }

  // Create validation function for passed schema
  // _meta: true if schema is a meta-schema. Used internally to compile meta schemas of user-defined keywords.
  compile<T = unknown>(schema: Schema | JSONSchemaType<T>, _meta?: boolean): ValidateFunction<T>
  // Separated for type inference to work
  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unified-signatures
  compile<T = unknown>(schema: JTDSchemaType<T>, _meta?: boolean): ValidateFunction<T>
  // This overload is only intended for typescript inference, the first
  // argument prevents manual type annotation from matching this overload
  compile<N extends never, T extends SomeJTDSchemaType>(
    schema: T,
    _meta?: boolean
  ): ValidateFunction<JTDDataType<T>>
  compile<T = unknown>(schema: AsyncSchema, _meta?: boolean): AsyncValidateFunction<T>
  compile<T = unknown>(schema: AnySchema, _meta?: boolean): AnyValidateFunction<T>
  compile<T = unknown>(schema: AnySchema, _meta?: boolean): AnyValidateFunction<T> {
    const sch = this._addSchema(schema, _meta)
    return (sch.validate || this._compileSchemaEnv(sch)) as AnyValidateFunction<T>
  }

  // Creates validating function for passed schema with asynchronous loading of missing schemas.
  // `loadSchema` option should be a function that accepts schema uri and returns promise that resolves with the schema.
  // TODO allow passing schema URI
  // meta - optional true to compile meta-schema
  compileAsync<T = unknown>(
    schema: SchemaObject | JSONSchemaType<T>,
    _meta?: boolean
  ): Promise<ValidateFunction<T>>
  // Separated for type inference to work
  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unified-signatures
  compileAsync<T = unknown>(schema: JTDSchemaType<T>, _meta?: boolean): Promise<ValidateFunction<T>>
  compileAsync<T = unknown>(schema: AsyncSchema, meta?: boolean): Promise<AsyncValidateFunction<T>>
  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unified-signatures
  compileAsync<T = unknown>(
    schema: AnySchemaObject,
    meta?: boolean
  ): Promise<AnyValidateFunction<T>>
  compileAsync<T = unknown>(
    schema: AnySchemaObject,
    meta?: boolean
  ): Promise<AnyValidateFunction<T>> {
    if (typeof this.opts.loadSchema != "function") {
      throw new Error("options.loadSchema should be a function")
    }
    const {loadSchema} = this.opts
    return runCompileAsync.call(this, schema, meta)

    async function runCompileAsync(
      this: Ajv,
      _schema: AnySchemaObject,
      _meta?: boolean
    ): Promise<AnyValidateFunction> {
      await loadMetaSchema.call(this, _schema.$schema)
      const sch = this._addSchema(_schema, _meta)
      return sch.validate || _compileAsync.call(this, sch)
    }

    async function loadMetaSchema(this: Ajv, $ref?: string): Promise<void> {
      if ($ref && !this.getSchema($ref)) {
        await runCompileAsync.call(this, {$ref}, true)
      }
    }

    async function _compileAsync(this: Ajv, sch: SchemaEnv): Promise<AnyValidateFunction> {
      try {
        return this._compileSchemaEnv(sch)
      } catch (e) {
        if (!(e instanceof MissingRefError)) throw e
        checkLoaded.call(this, e)
        await loadMissingSchema.call(this, e.missingSchema)
        return _compileAsync.call(this, sch)
      }
    }

    function checkLoaded(this: Ajv, {missingSchema: ref, missingRef}: MissingRefError): void {
      if (this.refs[ref]) {
        throw new Error(`AnySchema ${ref} is loaded but ${missingRef} cannot be resolved`)
      }
    }

    async function loadMissingSchema(this: Ajv, ref: string): Promise<void> {
      const _schema = await _loadSchema.call(this, ref)
      if (!this.refs[ref]) await loadMetaSchema.call(this, _schema.$schema)
      if (!this.refs[ref]) this.addSchema(_schema, ref, meta)
    }

    async function _loadSchema(this: Ajv, ref: string): Promise<AnySchemaObject> {
      const p = this._loading[ref]
      if (p) return p
      try {
        return await (this._loading[ref] = loadSchema(ref))
      } finally {
        delete this._loading[ref]
      }
    }
  }

  // Adds schema to the instance
  addSchema(
    schema: AnySchema | AnySchema[], // If array is passed, `key` will be ignored
    key?: string, // Optional schema key. Can be passed to `validate` method instead of schema object or id/ref. One schema per instance can have empty `id` and `key`.
    _meta?: boolean, // true if schema is a meta-schema. Used internally, addMetaSchema should be used instead.
    _validateSchema = this.opts.validateSchema // false to skip schema validation. Used internally, option validateSchema should be used instead.
  ): Ajv {
    if (Array.isArray(schema)) {
      for (const sch of schema) this.addSchema(sch, undefined, _meta, _validateSchema)
      return this
    }
    let id: string | undefined
    if (typeof schema === "object") {
      const {schemaId} = this.opts
      id = schema[schemaId]
      if (id !== undefined && typeof id != "string") {
        throw new Error(`schema ${schemaId} must be string`)
      }
    }
    key = normalizeId(key || id)
    this._checkUnique(key)
    this.schemas[key] = this._addSchema(schema, _meta, key, _validateSchema, true)
    return this
  }

  // Add schema that will be used to validate other schemas
  // options in META_IGNORE_OPTIONS are alway set to false
  addMetaSchema(
    schema: AnySchemaObject,
    key?: string, // schema key
    _validateSchema = this.opts.validateSchema // false to skip schema validation, can be used to override validateSchema option for meta-schema
  ): Ajv {
    this.addSchema(schema, key, true, _validateSchema)
    return this
  }

  //  Validate schema against its meta-schema
  validateSchema(schema: AnySchema, throwOrLogError?: boolean): boolean | Promise<unknown> {
    if (typeof schema == "boolean") return true
    let $schema: string | AnySchemaObject | undefined
    $schema = schema.$schema
    if ($schema !== undefined && typeof $schema != "string") {
      throw new Error("$schema must be a string")
    }
    $schema = $schema || this.opts.defaultMeta || this.defaultMeta()
    if (!$schema) {
      this.logger.warn("meta-schema not available")
      this.errors = null
      return true
    }
    const valid = this.validate($schema, schema)
    if (!valid && throwOrLogError) {
      const message = "schema is invalid: " + this.errorsText()
      if (this.opts.validateSchema === "log") this.logger.error(message)
      else throw new Error(message)
    }
    return valid
  }

  // Get compiled schema by `key` or `ref`.
  // (`key` that was passed to `addSchema` or full schema reference - `schema.$id` or resolved id)
  getSchema<T = unknown>(keyRef: string): AnyValidateFunction<T> | undefined {
    let sch
    while (typeof (sch = getSchEnv.call(this, keyRef)) == "string") keyRef = sch
    if (sch === undefined) {
      const {schemaId} = this.opts
      const root = new SchemaEnv({schema: {}, schemaId})
      sch = resolveSchema.call(this, root, keyRef)
      if (!sch) return
      this.refs[keyRef] = sch
    }
    return (sch.validate || this._compileSchemaEnv(sch)) as AnyValidateFunction<T> | undefined
  }

  // Remove cached schema(s).
  // If no parameter is passed all schemas but meta-schemas are removed.
  // If RegExp is passed all schemas with key/id matching pattern but meta-schemas are removed.
  // Even if schema is referenced by other schemas it still can be removed as other schemas have local references.
  removeSchema(schemaKeyRef?: AnySchema | string | RegExp): Ajv {
    if (schemaKeyRef instanceof RegExp) {
      this._removeAllSchemas(this.schemas, schemaKeyRef)
      this._removeAllSchemas(this.refs, schemaKeyRef)
      return this
    }
    switch (typeof schemaKeyRef) {
      case "undefined":
        this._removeAllSchemas(this.schemas)
        this._removeAllSchemas(this.refs)
        this._cache.clear()
        return this
      case "string": {
        const sch = getSchEnv.call(this, schemaKeyRef)
        if (typeof sch == "object") this._cache.delete(sch.schema)
        delete this.schemas[schemaKeyRef]
        delete this.refs[schemaKeyRef]
        return this
      }
      case "object": {
        const cacheKey = schemaKeyRef
        this._cache.delete(cacheKey)
        let id = schemaKeyRef[this.opts.schemaId]
        if (id) {
          id = normalizeId(id)
          delete this.schemas[id]
          delete this.refs[id]
        }
        return this
      }
      default:
        throw new Error("ajv.removeSchema: invalid parameter")
    }
  }

  // add "vocabulary" - a collection of keywords
  addVocabulary(definitions: Vocabulary): Ajv {
    for (const def of definitions) this.addKeyword(def)
    return this
  }

  addKeyword(
    kwdOrDef: string | KeywordDefinition,
    def?: KeywordDefinition // deprecated
  ): Ajv {
    let keyword: string | string[]
    if (typeof kwdOrDef == "string") {
      keyword = kwdOrDef
      if (typeof def == "object") {
        this.logger.warn("these parameters are deprecated, see docs for addKeyword")
        def.keyword = keyword
      }
    } else if (typeof kwdOrDef == "object" && def === undefined) {
      def = kwdOrDef
      keyword = def.keyword
      if (Array.isArray(keyword) && !keyword.length) {
        throw new Error("addKeywords: keyword must be string or non-empty array")
      }
    } else {
      throw new Error("invalid addKeywords parameters")
    }

    checkKeyword.call(this, keyword, def)
    if (!def) {
      eachItem(keyword, (kwd) => addRule.call(this, kwd))
      return this
    }
    keywordMetaschema.call(this, def)
    const definition: AddedKeywordDefinition = {
      ...def,
      type: getJSONTypes(def.type),
      schemaType: getJSONTypes(def.schemaType),
    }
    eachItem(
      keyword,
      definition.type.length === 0
        ? (k) => addRule.call(this, k, definition)
        : (k) => definition.type.forEach((t) => addRule.call(this, k, definition, t))
    )
    return this
  }

  getKeyword(keyword: string): AddedKeywordDefinition | boolean {
    const rule = this.RULES.all[keyword]
    return typeof rule == "object" ? rule.definition : !!rule
  }

  // Remove keyword
  removeKeyword(keyword: string): Ajv {
    // TODO return type should be Ajv
    const {RULES} = this
    delete RULES.keywords[keyword]
    delete RULES.all[keyword]
    for (const group of RULES.rules) {
      const i = group.rules.findIndex((rule) => rule.keyword === keyword)
      if (i >= 0) group.rules.splice(i, 1)
    }
    return this
  }

  // Add format
  addFormat(name: string, format: Format): Ajv {
    if (typeof format == "string") format = new RegExp(format)
    this.formats[name] = format
    return this
  }

  errorsText(
    errors: ErrorObject[] | null | undefined = this.errors, // optional array of validation errors
    {separator = ", ", dataVar = "data"}: ErrorsTextOptions = {} // optional options with properties `separator` and `dataVar`
  ): string {
    if (!errors || errors.length === 0) return "No errors"
    return errors
      .map((e) => `${dataVar}${e.instancePath} ${e.message}`)
      .reduce((text, msg) => text + separator + msg)
  }

  $dataMetaSchema(metaSchema: AnySchemaObject, keywordsJsonPointers: string[]): AnySchemaObject {
    const rules = this.RULES.all
    metaSchema = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(metaSchema))
    for (const jsonPointer of keywordsJsonPointers) {
      const segments = jsonPointer.split("/").slice(1) // first segment is an empty string
      let keywords = metaSchema
      for (const seg of segments) keywords = keywords[seg] as AnySchemaObject

      for (const key in rules) {
        const rule = rules[key]
        if (typeof rule != "object") continue
        const {$data} = rule.definition
        const schema = keywords[key] as AnySchemaObject | undefined
        if ($data && schema) keywords[key] = schemaOrData(schema)
      }
    }

    return metaSchema
  }

  private _removeAllSchemas(schemas: {[Ref in string]?: SchemaEnv | string}, regex?: RegExp): void {
    for (const keyRef in schemas) {
      const sch = schemas[keyRef]
      if (!regex || regex.test(keyRef)) {
        if (typeof sch == "string") {
          delete schemas[keyRef]
        } else if (sch && !sch.meta) {
          this._cache.delete(sch.schema)
          delete schemas[keyRef]
        }
      }
    }
  }

  _addSchema(
    schema: AnySchema,
    meta?: boolean,
    baseId?: string,
    validateSchema = this.opts.validateSchema,
    addSchema = this.opts.addUsedSchema
  ): SchemaEnv {
    let id: string | undefined
    const {schemaId} = this.opts
    if (typeof schema == "object") {
      id = schema[schemaId]
    } else {
      if (this.opts.jtd) throw new Error("schema must be object")
      else if (typeof schema != "boolean") throw new Error("schema must be object or boolean")
    }
    let sch = this._cache.get(schema)
    if (sch !== undefined) return sch

    baseId = normalizeId(id || baseId)
    const localRefs = getSchemaRefs.call(this, schema, baseId)
    sch = new SchemaEnv({schema, schemaId, meta, baseId, localRefs})
    this._cache.set(sch.schema, sch)
    if (addSchema && !baseId.startsWith("#")) {
      // TODO atm it is allowed to overwrite schemas without id (instead of not adding them)
      if (baseId) this._checkUnique(baseId)
      this.refs[baseId] = sch
    }
    if (validateSchema) this.validateSchema(schema, true)
    return sch
  }

  private _checkUnique(id: string): void {
    if (this.schemas[id] || this.refs[id]) {
      throw new Error(`schema with key or id "${id}" already exists`)
    }
  }

  private _compileSchemaEnv(sch: SchemaEnv): AnyValidateFunction {
    if (sch.meta) this._compileMetaSchema(sch)
    else compileSchema.call(this, sch)

    /* istanbul ignore if */
    if (!sch.validate) throw new Error("ajv implementation error")
    return sch.validate
  }

  private _compileMetaSchema(sch: SchemaEnv): void {
    const currentOpts = this.opts
    this.opts = this._metaOpts
    try {
      compileSchema.call(this, sch)
    } finally {
      this.opts = currentOpts
    }
  }
}

export interface ErrorsTextOptions {
  separator?: string
  dataVar?: string
}

function checkOptions(
  this: Ajv,
  checkOpts: OptionsInfo<RemovedOptions | DeprecatedOptions>,
  options: Options & RemovedOptions,
  msg: string,
  log: "warn" | "error" = "error"
): void {
  for (const key in checkOpts) {
    const opt = key as keyof typeof checkOpts
    if (opt in options) this.logger[log](`${msg}: option ${key}. ${checkOpts[opt]}`)
  }
}

function getSchEnv(this: Ajv, keyRef: string): SchemaEnv | string | undefined {
  keyRef = normalizeId(keyRef) // TODO tests fail without this line
  return this.schemas[keyRef] || this.refs[keyRef]
}

function addInitialSchemas(this: Ajv): void {
  const optsSchemas = this.opts.schemas
  if (!optsSchemas) return
  if (Array.isArray(optsSchemas)) this.addSchema(optsSchemas)
  else for (const key in optsSchemas) this.addSchema(optsSchemas[key] as AnySchema, key)
}

function addInitialFormats(this: Ajv): void {
  for (const name in this.opts.formats) {
    const format = this.opts.formats[name]
    if (format) this.addFormat(name, format)
  }
}

function addInitialKeywords(
  this: Ajv,
  defs: Vocabulary | {[K in string]?: KeywordDefinition}
): void {
  if (Array.isArray(defs)) {
    this.addVocabulary(defs)
    return
  }
  this.logger.warn("keywords option as map is deprecated, pass array")
  for (const keyword in defs) {
    const def = defs[keyword] as KeywordDefinition
    if (!def.keyword) def.keyword = keyword
    this.addKeyword(def)
  }
}

function getMetaSchemaOptions(this: Ajv): InstanceOptions {
  const metaOpts = {...this.opts}
  for (const opt of META_IGNORE_OPTIONS) delete metaOpts[opt]
  return metaOpts
}

const noLogs = {log() {}, warn() {}, error() {}}

function getLogger(logger?: Partial<Logger> | false): Logger {
  if (logger === false) return noLogs
  if (logger === undefined) return console
  if (logger.log && logger.warn && logger.error) return logger as Logger
  throw new Error("logger must implement log, warn and error methods")
}

const KEYWORD_NAME = /^[a-z_$][a-z0-9_$:-]*$/i

function checkKeyword(this: Ajv, keyword: string | string[], def?: KeywordDefinition): void {
  const {RULES} = this
  eachItem(keyword, (kwd) => {
    if (RULES.keywords[kwd]) throw new Error(`Keyword ${kwd} is already defined`)
    if (!KEYWORD_NAME.test(kwd)) throw new Error(`Keyword ${kwd} has invalid name`)
  })
  if (!def) return
  if (def.$data && !("code" in def || "validate" in def)) {
    throw new Error('$data keyword must have "code" or "validate" function')
  }
}

function addRule(
  this: Ajv,
  keyword: string,
  definition?: AddedKeywordDefinition,
  dataType?: JSONType
): void {
  const post = definition?.post
  if (dataType && post) throw new Error('keyword with "post" flag cannot have "type"')
  const {RULES} = this
  let ruleGroup = post ? RULES.post : RULES.rules.find(({type: t}) => t === dataType)
  if (!ruleGroup) {
    ruleGroup = {type: dataType, rules: []}
    RULES.rules.push(ruleGroup)
  }
  RULES.keywords[keyword] = true
  if (!definition) return

  const rule: Rule = {
    keyword,
    definition: {
      ...definition,
      type: getJSONTypes(definition.type),
      schemaType: getJSONTypes(definition.schemaType),
    },
  }
  if (definition.before) addBeforeRule.call(this, ruleGroup, rule, definition.before)
  else ruleGroup.rules.push(rule)
  RULES.all[keyword] = rule
  definition.implements?.forEach((kwd) => this.addKeyword(kwd))
}

function addBeforeRule(this: Ajv, ruleGroup: RuleGroup, rule: Rule, before: string): void {
  const i = ruleGroup.rules.findIndex((_rule) => _rule.keyword === before)
  if (i >= 0) {
    ruleGroup.rules.splice(i, 0, rule)
  } else {
    ruleGroup.rules.push(rule)
    this.logger.warn(`rule ${before} is not defined`)
  }
}

function keywordMetaschema(this: Ajv, def: KeywordDefinition): void {
  let {metaSchema} = def
  if (metaSchema === undefined) return
  if (def.$data && this.opts.$data) metaSchema = schemaOrData(metaSchema)
  def.validateSchema = this.compile(metaSchema, true)
}

const $dataRef = {
  $ref: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ajv-validator/ajv/master/lib/refs/data.json#",
}

function schemaOrData(schema: AnySchema): AnySchemaObject {
  return {anyOf: [schema, $dataRef]}
}