%entities; ]> '

yes no yes no no unset

PTX:FALLBACK: the whitespace parameter can be 'strict' or 'flexible', not '

'. Using the default ('flexible').

flexible

-1 0 1 1 1 1 PTX:BUG: Level offset undefined for this document type part chapter section subsection subsubsection PTX:BUG: Level computation is out-of-bounds (input as , normalized to )

chapter section section subsection subsubsection paragraph chapter section section subsection PTX:BUG: Asking for the name of an element () that is not a division

PTX:ERROR: a bare "#" inside \text{} in math must be escaped as "\#"

PTX:ERROR: a bare "%" inside \text{} in math must be escaped as "\%"

PTX:ERROR: a bare "&" inside \text{} in math must be escaped as "\&"

PTX:BUG: the "wrapper" modal template for inline math needs an implementation in the current conversion [[[

]]]

\displaystyle \displaystyle

\begin{

}

\end{

}

PTX:BUG: the modal "tag" template needs an implementation for "mrow" in the current conversion

\end{cases}

\notag \\

gather alignat align bad-alignment-choice equation align gather *

{

}

\newcommand{\lt}{<} \newcommand{\gt}{>} \newcommand{\amp}{&}

\newcommand{\fillinmath}[1]{\mathchoice {\underline{\displaystyle \phantom{\ \,#1\ \,}}} {\underline{\textstyle \phantom{\ \,#1\ \,}}} {\underline{\scriptstyle \phantom{\ \,#1\ \,}}} {\underline{\scriptscriptstyle\phantom{\ \,#1\ \,}}}} \newcommand{\fillinmath}[1]{\mathchoice {\boxed{\displaystyle \phantom{\,#1\,}}} {\boxed{\textstyle \phantom{\,#1\,}}} {\boxed{\scriptstyle \phantom{\,#1\,}}} {\boxed{\scriptscriptstyle\phantom{\,#1\,}}}} \definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9} \newcommand{\fillinmath}[1]{\mathchoice {\colorbox{fillinmathshade}{$\displaystyle \phantom{\,#1\,}$}} {\colorbox{fillinmathshade}{$\textstyle \phantom{\,#1\,}$}} {\colorbox{fillinmathshade}{$\scriptstyle \phantom{\,#1\,}$}} {\colorbox{fillinmathshade}{$\scriptscriptstyle\phantom{\,#1\,}$}}} \fillinmath{

}

\fillinmath{

} \fillinmath{XXX}

(

)

sagecell - sage

- autoeval

PTX:BUG: current conversion needs an implementation of the "code-wrapper" template

(

)

\text{

}

.?!:;,

PTX:DEBUG: whitespace diagnostic O:

:O M:

:M F:

:F B:

:B M:

:M ****

month-day-year

(

)

PTX:BUG: asking if a "frontmatter" is a leaf, for a document that is not a "book" nor an "article"

PTX:BUG: asking if a non-division () is a specialized division

subnumber panel block

PTX:BUG: Structural determination () failed for is-intermediate at

PTX:BUG: Structural determination () failed for is-chunk at

PTX:BUG: the $chunk-level variable is empty, so must have been set improperly, perhaps when overridden in a conversion. The "containing-filename" template is likely to act incorrectly. Please report me

true false

Math Subject Classification

100% PTX:FALLBACK: a "width" attribute should be given as a percentage (such as "40%", not as ", using 100% instead"

100%

PTX:ERROR: the @aspect attribute should be a ratio, like 4:3, or a positive number, not ""

Close Reveal

[

] PTX:WARNING: could not translate string with id "" into language for code ""

. objective outcome divisionalexercise worksheetexercise readingquestion inlineexercise appendix solutions equation displaymath

\textquotedblleft{}

\textquotedblright{}

\textquoteleft{}

\textquoteright{}

\guillemotleft{}

\guillemotright{}

\guilsinglleft{}

\guilsinglright{}

\guillemotleft\thinspace{}

\thinspace\guillemotright{}

\guilsinglleft\thinspace{}

\thinspace\guilsinglright{}

\quotedblbase{}

\textquotedblright{}

\quotesinglbase{}

\textquoteright{}

PTX:BUG: the quotation style "

" (

) was not recognized

PTX:BUG: parent of a "" element in your PreTeXt source is not an "image". If you think this is a programming error (not an error in your source), please report me.

PTX:WARNING: you are encouraged to place a @label attribute on every "prefigure" element. Otherwise, associated image files will have unreliable filenames.

PTX:BUG: a "prefigure" element is confused about where its @label came from PTX:ERROR: While building for a Runestone server, a PreTeXt "

" element has been encountered without a @label attribute and without a @xml:id attribute. This will cause this Runestone component to fail to perform and there will be no identification of this component in the Runestone database. You must add a @label attribute with a unique value. (It is not necessary to add a @xml:id, it is consulted as part of a backward-compatibility arrangement you do not need). [You may get more than one message about this instance.]

PTX:FALLBACK: While building for a Runestone server, a PreTeXt "

" element has been encountered without a @label attribute. For reasons of backward-compatibility we have used the value of an @xml:id. This may not be what you want, and as of 2024-02-15 is no longer best practice. You can copy the @xml:id value exactly into a new @label attribute and this message will stop AND your project's entries in any Runestone database will be preserved and function exactly as before. [You may get more than one message about this instance.]

rs-

.js

PTX:BUG: A "case" has "direction" equal to either "forward" or "cycle", but the conversion for this output target does not have a double right arrow symbol defined.

PTX:BUG: A "case" has "direction" equal to "backward", but the conversion for this output target does not have a double left arrow symbol defined.

PTX:BUG: A "case" has "direction" equal to "cycle", but the conversion for this output target does not have a "delimiter space" symbol defined. The maintainer for this output target may wish to know about this (or may wish to set the "delimiter space" symbol to be a null string to suppress this warning message).

(

)

| PTX:WARNING: a "case" with @direction "cycle" should be one of several

PTX:WARNING: a cross-reference ("ref") from a "" containing at least one "case" with "direction" set to "cycle" uses a reference [] that does not point to an element that contains an "ol".

(

)

(

)

auto

PTX:ERROR: left margin () should be given as a percentage (such as "40%"), or as the string "auto"

PTX:ERROR: width () should be given as a percentage (such as "40%"), or as the string "auto"

PTX:ERROR: right margin () should be given as a percentage (such as "40%"), or as the string "auto"

PTX:ERROR: left margin () must be in the interval [0%, 100%]

PTX:ERROR: width () must be in the interval [0%, 100%]

PTX:ERROR: right margin () must be in the interval [0%, 100%]

PTX:ERROR: margins (, ) must not have a sum exceeding 100%

PTX:ERROR: margins and width (, , ) must not have a sum exceeding 100%

PTX:ERROR: margins and width (, , ) must sum to 100%

PTX:ERROR: the @aspect attribute should be a ratio, like 4:3, or a positive number, not ""

PTX:FATAL: an @aspect attribute equal to zero will cause serious errors.

PTX:FATAL: Quitting...

OOOPS1111

OOOPS22222

OOOPS33333

PTX:DEBUG: N::N

PTX:DEBUG: VA::VA PTX:FATAL: a <sidebyside> or <sbsgroup> does not have enough "@valigns" (maybe you did not specify enough?)

PTX:FATAL: Quitting...

PTX:WARNING: a <sidebyside> or <sbsgroup> has extra "@valigns" (did you confuse singular and plural attribute names?)

auto

100

PTX:DEBUG: M:::M PTX:ERROR: it appears that a <sidebyside> has a @margins attribute with three or more values (""). There should be at most two values (a left margin and a right margin). Results may be unpredictable.

PTX:ERROR: left margin of a <sidebyside> ("") is outside the interval [0%, 100%], (this may be computed, check consistency of "@margins" and "@widths")

PTX:ERROR: right margin of a <sidebyside> ("") is outside the interval [0%, 100%], (this may be computed, check consistency of "@margins" and "@widths")

PTX:DEBUG: W::W PTX:FATAL: a <sidebyside> or <sbsgroup> does not have enough "@widths" (maybe you did not specify enough?)

PTX:FATAL: Quitting...

PTX:WARNING: a <sidebyside> or <sbsgroup> has extra "@widths" (did you confuse singular and plural attribute names?)

% PTX:DEBUG: SW::SW PTX:ERROR: computed space between panels of a <sidebyside> ("") is negative (this value is computed, check consistency of "@margins" and "@widths")

PTX:ERROR: computed space between panels of a <sidebyside> is not a number (this value is computed, check that margins (", ") and widths ("") are percentages of the form "nn%")

PTX:ERROR: panel width ("") in a <sidebyside> or <sbsgroup> is negative (this may be computed, check "@margin(s)" and "@width(s)")

PTX:ERROR: panel width ("") in a <sidebyside> or <sbsgroup> is bigger than 100% (this may be computed, check "@margin(s)" and "@width(s)")

PTX:ERROR: Unstructured content within a list item is being ignored ("")

cols

multicolumn

X X

PTX:FALLBACK: as of 2020-03-17 worksheet exercises' workspace should be specified in 'in' or in 'cm'. Approximating a page fraction of by .

PTX:FALLBACK: a worksheet exercises', project-likes' or tasks' workspace should be specified with units of 'in' or 'cm', and not as "". Using a default of "2in". 2in project

PTX:BUG: can't determine exercise type

backmatter mainmatter

all

PTX:ERROR: unresolved @scope ("") for a <solutions> division

PTX:ERROR: the @scope ("") of a <solutions> division is not a supported division. If you think your attempt is reasonable, please make a feature request. Results now will be unpredictable

T H A S

inline divisional divisional worksheet reading project

PTX:BUG: a conversion to a new output format requires implementation of the template with match="*" and mode="present-solutions-container"

PTX:BUG: a conversion to a new output format requires implementation of the template with match="*" and mode="present-exercise-statement" PTX:BUG: a conversion to a new output format requires implementation of the template with match="*" and mode="present-exercise-statement-bare" PTX:BUG: a conversion to a new output format requires implementation of the template with match="*" and mode="present-exercise-solutions" PTX:BUG: a conversion to a new output format requires implementation of the template with match="*" and mode="present-task-item"

PTX:BUG: a conversion to a new output format requires implementation of a named template ("titlepage-items") in order to specify which bibliographic information to include in the titlepage. PTX:BUG: a conversion to a new output format requires implementation of a named template ("colophon-items") in order to specify which bibliographic information to include in the front colophon. Primary Secondary

;

PTX:BUG: a conversion to a new output format requires implementation of a named template ("present-notation-list") in order to structure a notation list. PTX:BUG: a conversion to a new output format requires implementation of a modal template ("present-notation-item") in order to structure an explanation of a single "notation" element.

2 1 0

PTX:BUG: a conversion to a new output format requires implementation of a named template ("present-index") in order to structure the overall index. PTX:BUG: a conversion to a new output format requires implementation of a named template ("present-letter-group") in order to structure a group of entries all leading with the same letter.

PTX:WARNING: an index entry should not have both a locator and a "see" reference. Results may be unpredictable. Perhaps you meant to employ a "seealso" reference? Heading is: "; ; " PTX:WARNING: an index entry should not have a "seealso" reference without also having a locator. Results may be unpredictable. Perhaps you meant to employ a "see" reference? Heading is: "; ; "

PTX:BUG: a conversion to a new output format requires implementation of a named template ("present-index-heading") in order to format a single heading of an index entry.

(

;

)

(

;

)

PTX:BUG: a conversion to a new output format requires implementation of a named template ("present-index-locator") in order to format a locator at the end of an index entry. PTX:BUG: a conversion to a new output format requires implementation of a named template ("present-index-see") in order to format a "see" cross-reference at the end of an index entry. PTX:BUG: a conversion to a new output format requires implementation of a named template ("present-index-see-also") in order to format a "see also" coross-reference at the end of an index entry. PTX:BUG: a conversion to a new output format requires implementation of a named template ("present-index-italics") in order to format italic text at the end of an index entry. no

PTX:BUG: the "list-of-begin" template needs an implementation in the current conversion [[[BEGINLIST]]] PTX:BUG: the "list-of-end" template needs an implementation in the current conversion [[[ENDLIST]]]

top

0 1 2 3 l c r t m b

left

middle

none

none none

none

none [LINESEP]

left

\text{

}

{} ^

}

\hat{

}

\begin{smallmatrix}

\end{smallmatrix}

\left. \text{

} ^

{}

\text{

}

{}

} _{

}

\text{sus} \left. \left( \begin{smallmatrix}

\end{smallmatrix} \right. \right)

\middle/ \text{

} ^{

}

\text{

}

\right. \text{

} \\

\text{

}

[DOUBLESHARP] [SHARP] [NATURAL] [FLAT] [DOUBLEFLAT]

{}

\text{

}

{+} {\Delta} {-} \text{\o} {\circ}

\text{ [

PTX:WARNING: <xref @detail="" /> only implemented for single references to <biblio> elements

] }

global local

PTX:ERROR: <xref @first="" @last="" /> references two elements with different tags ( vs. ), so are incompatible as endpoints of a range. Rewrite using two <xref> elements \text{

[

] }

[ \text{ , } \text{

}

]

[provisional cross-reference:

]

PTX:ERROR: A cross-reference (<xref>) must have a @ref attribute, a @first/@last attribute pair, or a @provisional attribute

xref without ref, first/last, or provisional attribute (check spelling)

xref, no recognized attribute

PTX:ERROR: an "xref" lacks a @ref, @first/@last, or @provisional; check your source

PTX:ERROR: a cross-reference ("xref") uses references [] that do not point to any target, or perhaps point to multiple targets. Maybe you typed an @xml:id value wrong, maybe the target of the @xml:id is nonexistent, or maybe you temporarily removed the target from your source, or maybe an auxiliary file contains a duplicate. Your output will contain some placeholder text that you will not want to distribute to your readers.

[cross-reference to target(s) "

" missing or not unique]

PTX:DEBUG: xref/@ref "" points to a "" element. (1) we made a mistake, and we need to add this element to a list of potential targets of a cross-reference, or (2) you made a mistake and really did not mean this particular construction, or (3) we need to have a discussion about the advisability of this element being a target. (4) If you are trying to cross-reference a "p" element, perhaps using a "paragraphs" element is a good alternative. If (1) or (3) could you please report me!

global local hybrid type-global type-local type-hybrid type-global-title type-local-title phrase-global phrase-hybrid title custom global local hybrid type-global type-local type-hybrid type-global-title type-local-title phrase-global phrase-hybrid title custom type-global global type-global title PTX:BUG: NO TEXT STYLE DETERMINED

PTX:ERROR: An <xref> wants to build text using a title to identify the target, but the target (which has @xml:id "

") has no title, not even a default title.

PTX:ERROR: An <xref> wants to use custom text to describe the target, but no custom text was provided as the content of the "xref".

PTX:ERROR: An <xref> wants to build text using a number to identify the target, but the target (which has @xml:id "

") does not have a number. You could try 'text="title"' or 'text="custom"' on the "xref".

(

)

(

)

(

)

PTX:ERROR: a cross-reference to a list item of an anonymous list ("") with 'phrase-global' and 'phrase-hybrid' styles for the xref text will yield no text at all, and possibly create unpredictable results in output PTX:FALLBACK: providing content ("") for an "xref" element is ignored for 'phrase-global' and 'phrase-hybrid' styles for xref text

PTX:DEPRECATE: An <xref> requests a 'title' as its text but also provides alternate content. The construction is deprecated as of 2020-02-18. Instead, specify that xref/@text should be 'custom', either globally or on a per-xref basis.

PTX:BUG: NO XREF TEXT GENERATED

PTX:ERROR: a cross-reference ("ref") from a "" uses a reference [] that does not point to any target. Maybe the @ref and @xml:id values do not match?

PTX:ERROR: a cross-reference ("ref") from a "" uses a reference [] that does not point to an element that is THEOREM-LIKE (target is a "" element).

false true

PTX:BUG: Looks like a [] element has an ambiguous number, found while making cross-reference text

[XREFNUM] PTX:BUG: a new conversion needs an implementation of the modal "xref-link" template. Search your output for "[LINK:" [LINK:

]

PreTeXt PreFigure XeTeX XeLaTeX . AD AM BC ca

e.g

et al

etc

i.e

NB PM PS vs

viz

PTX:BUG: the character named "" needs an implementation in the current conversion [[[

]]]

PTX:BUG: the character named "" is not in the character table

PTX:BUG: current conversion needs an implementation of the italic font PTX:BUG: current conversion needs an implementation of the bold font PTX:BUG: current conversion needs an implementation of the monospace font PTX:BUG: current conversion needs an implementation of a bibliographic period

PTX:BUG: current conversion needs an implementation of the "bibentry-wrapper" template

(

)

Ibid

(ed.)

(

)

PTX:BUG: a child of "biblio" () is not being processed. Please report me so this can be fixed.

(eds.) (ed.)

(trans.)

and ;

edition

no.

(

)

, accessed

(

)

pages

, doi:

, ISBN

, ISSN

. WeBWorK ********************************************************************************

********************************************************************************

located at:

located within: "

" (xml:id)

, "

" (title)

PTX:DEBUG: f:

|e:

|i:

|t:

Literate Programming support is incomplete 1. Code generation is functional, but does not respect indentation 2. LaTeX generation is functional, could be improved, 2020-11-11 3. HTML generation is functional, could be improved, 2020-11-11

PTX:WARNING: Your <book> does not have any chapters. Maybe you forgot the '--xinclude' switch on your 'xsltproc' command line? PTX:WARNING: Your <article> does not have any sections, worksheets, or handouts, nor any top-level paragraphs. Maybe you forgot the '--xinclude' switch on your 'xsltproc' command line? mainmatter logo-link latex-macros papersize-select highlight-workspace-checkbox hide-hint-checkbox hide-answer-checkbox hide-solution-checkbox print-first-page-header-checkbox print-running-header-checkbox print-first-page-footer-checkbox print-running-footer-checkbox inst_peer_link ip_dropdown_link subchapterprogress scprogresscontainer scprogressposs scprogresstotal

PTX:ERROR: The @

" is invalid. Use only the 26 Latin letters (7-bit ASCII, no accents), numbers, hyphens and underscores.

PTX:FATAL: The @

" is invalid since it will conflict with a unique HTML id in use by the user interface. Please use a different string. Quitting...

PTX:FATAL: The @

" is invalid because PreTeXt reserves all ptx-* ids for internal use. Quitting...

PTX:ERROR: The @

" is invalid since it will conflict with the construction of an automatic HTML "index.html" page. Use some alternative for the real index - sorry.

PTX:WARNING: There are apparent XML elements in locations that should be text only (

times).

PTX:WARNING: There is an apparent XML element (<

>) inside an <

> element, which should only contain text. Using an escaped "less than" ('<') might be the solution, or using a CDATA section.

PTX:WARNING: In a chapter containing sections, any content that is not inside a section needs to be inside an <introduction> and/or <conclusion>.

PTX:WARNING: In a section containing subsections, any content that is not inside a subsection needs to be inside an <introduction> and/or <conclusion>.

PTX:WARNING: In a subsection containing subsubsections, any content that is not inside a subsubsection needs to be inside an <introduction> and/or <conclusion>.

PTX:WARNING: a <tabular> has at least one paragraph (<p>) inside a <cell>, yet there are no <col> elements with a @width attribute. Default widths will be supplied.

P100Y P4Y P100Y PTX:FALLBACK: "author.deprecations.all" should be "yes" or "no", not "", using the default value of "yes" PTX:DEPRECATE: (

)

(

time s )

-------------- PTX:INFO: checking all deprecated elements. PTX:INFO: checking ONLY the last FOUR YEARS of element deprecations. Rerun with the string parameter "author.deprecations.all" set to "yes" to check your source against all deprecations.

PTX:FATAL: a "commentary" without a @component attribute is a fatal error from 2024-02-16 onward. Read preceding error messages (2023-02-13, 2024-02-16, 2025-03-08), and make the suggested changes. Quitting...

********************************************

* Generated from PreTeXt source *

* on

* A recent stable commit (2022-07-01): *

* 6c761d3dba23af92cba35001c852aac04ae99a5f *

* *

* https://pretextbook.org *

* *

********************************************

* Generated from PreTeXt source *

* *

* https://pretextbook.org *

* *

********************************************

<!--

-->

<!--

-->

PTX:FATAL: percentage attributes sum to over 100%

PTX:FATAL: expecting a percentage ending in '%'; got

PTX:FATAL: expecting a numerical value preceding '%'; got