alkali

title: Alkali

text: In chemistry, an alkali is an aqueous (from water) solution with a pH value of more than seven. The word 'alkali' comes from the Arabic 'qali' meaning 'from the ashes' since ashes mixed with water used as cleaning products (such as soaps) are made of alkali materials.

isa: solution


amount

title: Quantity

text: Quantity or amount is how much of something there is that can be counted or measured.


arrangement

title: Arrangement

text: An arrangement of a musical composition is a reworking of a piece of music so that it can be played by a different instrument or combination of instruments from the original. For example, a song written for one voice with piano accompaniment might be arranged so that it can be sung in parts by a choir, or a piece for violin might be arranged so that it can be played on a clarinet instead. The person who does the arrangement may be the composer themself, or it may be someone else. In music history, composers often published their compositions, saying that the music could be played or sung by various instruments. For example, when English composers published madrigals in the late 16th century they often stated that they could be sung by singers or played on viols (“apt for voices as for viols”). In the Classical music period a composer might publish a sonata, stating that it could be played on the violin or flute or recorder. This helped to sell more copies, because violinists, flautists and recorder players might all want to buy the music. In a sense this is not really an arrangement, because no changes have been made to the music. However, when violin or cello music is arranged so that it can be played on a viola, some changes may be necessary as the viola may be playing in a different key, or some chords may be more awkward the way they were originally written. This is an arrangement. A popular piece such as The Flight of the Bumble Bee by Rimsky-Korsakov can be played by almost any melodic instrument: violin, xylophone, tuba etc. These are all arrangements. When a piece for choir and orchestra is printed for choir members to use, the orchestral part is printed on two staves so that it can be played on a piano for rehearsals. This is another kind of arrangement. In music history, many composers have made arrangements of music composed by others. They did this in order to learn about musical composition, as well as in order to be able to play it on another instrument. For example, Johann Sebastian Bach made arrangements of four concertos by Vivaldi so that they could be played on the organ. Arrangements are often made by people who play instruments that have not had much music written for them. People who play the viola, guitar, tuba etc. often arrange other music so that they have a larger repertoire (more music to play). Sometimes composers have made changes to the orchestration of works for orchestra written by others.

isa: music


barbecue

title: Barbecue

text: Barbecue (or Barbeque, BBQ) is a special type of grill. It is also a way to prepare meat which is then cooked with a barbecue sauce. It is especially popular in Australia and in certain parts of the United States. Barbecue cooking is often done very slowly. It is not as hot as grilling. Some meats must be cooked slowly to be tender, and easy to chew. Sometimes, meat may be slowly cooked for 8 to 24 hours on a barbecue.

isa: grill


blowhole

title: Blowhole

text: A blowhole is the hole that cetaceans use to breathe. It is homologous to the nostrils of other mammals. When whales come up to the surface of the water, they release air through the blowhole. Water vapor in the air condenses. This makes a spray of water.

isa: hole


bourgeois

title: Bourgeoisie

text: Bourgeoisie means a social class of people who own the means of production, making them in the upper or merchant class. Hence, all employers are bourgeoisie. Their status or power comes from employment, education, assets, or wealth and not from aristocratic (political) origin, as a lowly café or factory owner is bourgeoisie. The term is widely used in many non-English speaking countries as an approximate equivalent of middle class. As the bourgeoisie are not its opposing counterpart proletariat, they don't have to be a labourer doing menial work for money. And if they do any work that gets them money, then it's only because of the many proletariat people beneath them, who generated their wealth through their labour, of which the higher up bourgeoisie person took a cut (commission).


cafe

title: Café

text: A café is a type of restaurant which typically serves coffee and tea, in addition to light refreshments such as baked goods or snacks. The term "café" comes from the French word meaning "coffee". A café setting is known as a casual social environment where you can find people reading the provided newspapers and magazines or their own, playing board games, studying or chatting with others about current events. It is also regarded as a place where information can be exchanged. A café is sometimes called a coffeehouse or a coffee shop or tea shop in English, a café in French and a bar in Italian (cafe, a misspelling due to the difficulty of typing the accented "é", and café are the common spellings used in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese et al. However, the word is spelled "caffè" in Italian). Café can be misspelled as caffe, although the correct spelling is café. It shares some characteristics of a bar and some characteristics of a restaurant given its selection of foods and beverages served, but is distinct from a cafeteria which is a type of restaurant where customers can choose from many dishes displayed on a serving line. In some countries, cafés are designed to more closely resemble restaurants, offering a range of hot meals and possibly licensed to serve alcohol. Most British cafés however, do not sell alcohol likely due to the prominent pub culture.


carrot

title: Carrot

text: The carrot (pronounced CARE-ot) is a type of root vegetable and a plant. There are different types of carrot. The Latin name of the plant is usually given as Daucus carota. The plant has an edible, orange (crossbred), purple, white, red, or yellow root, and can grow white flowers. Wild carrots grow naturally in Eurasia. Domesticated carrots are grown for food in many parts of the world. Carrots are grown in the ground, and carrots roots are a common edible vegetable. After cleaning, the roots may be eaten raw or cooked. They are served as part of many dishes. In Portugal, carrot jam (or Doce de Cenoura in Portuguese) is a speciality. Carrots are biennial- they take two years to complete their life cycle. In the first year, a carrot will use energy to grow. In the second year, a carrot will grow flowers. If you eat a lot of carrots for a long time, you can get carotenemia- a medical condition that turns your skin orange. This condition can be fixed.

isa: vegetable


catwalk

title: Catwalk

text: A catwalk is a raised walkway. The term is most often used for fashion shows, where models walk along showing off the clothes. A catwalk on a ship is a passageway above decks. A similar term is runway, but it need not be off the ground.


championship

title: Championship

text: In sport, a championship is a competition to determine which individual or team is the champion. Different forms of competition can be called a championship. It is usually the final competition in a tournament (a series of competitions). For example, the FIFA World Cup is a tournament held every four years. The winner of the final competition of each tournament becomes that tournament's champion. In a league system, the championship is the final competition of a regular season. In some league systems, a series of playoffs is used to determine the champion of a season. There is one champion for each season. In combat sports, such as wrestling and boxing, a competitor must challenge the current champion to win the championship.

isa: competition


chapterhouse

title: Chapter house

text: A Chapter house or chapterhouse is a special building or room attached to a cathedral or large church. It is where the cathedral chapter meetings are held. Chapter houses were also built in mediaeval monasteries.

isa: building


chateau

title: Château

text: A (plural ) is a manor house or castle of the lord of the manor or a country house of nobility or gentry. The term comes from French-speaking regions and is used most often for buildings in these regions. Where clarification is needed, a fortified château (that is, a castle) is called a château fort. But the word is not used in the same way as "castle" is in English, and most châteaux are more appropriately described as "palaces" or "country houses" in English than as "castles". For example, the Château de Versailles is so called because it was in the country when it was built, but it does not bear any resemblance to a castle, so it is usually known in English as the Palace of Versailles.The Château de Montsoreau is the first Renaissance château to have been built in France, in the world famous Loire Valley. The Château de Montsoreau is also the only one to have been built in the Loire riverbed.

isa: house


checkmate

title: Check and checkmate

text: Check is a term in chess when a player's king is attacked. If the king is in check, the player must find a way to stop the threat; he can not just ignore it. The player must do one of these things: *Capture the checking piece (with the king or another piece). *Interpose: put a piece between the checking piece and the king. This only works if the checking piece is a long-distance piece (bishop, rook or queen). *Move the king to a square which is not threatened. If none of these works, then it is not a check but checkmate.


colony

title: Colony

text: A colony is a piece of land controlled by another country. The metropolitan state is the country that owns the colony. The phrase dependent territory is now used instead of colony. Colony can also refer to a commune or a currently hypothetical human settlement in the sea (ocean colony) or outer space (space colony). A country that has many colonies is often called an empire. A colonist is a person from the metropolitan state who lives in a colony. Colonial means having to do with a colony. Colonial land is land that belongs to the colony. A colonist is sometimes called a colonial. The philosophy of having colonies is called colonialism. There must be many people to start a colony. There are many colonies, or countries that were once colonies, in the world. Most countries that were once colonies of Britain are part of the British Commonwealth.


concert

title: Concert

text: A concert (as in a "concert tour") is a performance in which a musician or many musicians play music together to a group of listeners (called an audience). In the case of a concert of classical music there may be an orchestra. There is often an important visual element to the performance, such as with a rock concert. However, if acting out a story is an important part of the performance, then this is called "musical theater" or "opera" but some concerts have dramatic, theatrical music, with lights and special effects. Informal names for a concert include "show" or sometimes, "gig" for musicians who play in lots of different concerts, with different groups. A concert tour is a set of concerts where the performers travel to different cities or towns. The performers at a concert are usually raised above the level of the audience on a stage. Concerts may be held in concert halls which are built for the purpose, or they may be held in any other suitable large building such as a school hall, a nightclub, a barn or a large house or castle. Some concerts are given to very large audiences in the open air. They may take place in a field or in a stadium. The music for these “open-airs” is usually amplified by loudspeakers so that large audiences can hear it. A concert given by just one performer (or perhaps two) is usually called a recital. The world’s longest concert lasted 453 hours. A group of concerts in one place or in one area that takes place for several days may be called a "festival". Examples are: The Proms, the Edinburgh Festival, the Glastonbury Festival etc. Before the days of recording, a concert would have been the only opportunity most people would have of hearing concerts given by groups. Usually, people who go to a concert have to pay an admission charge. The money that is made from the ticket sales will usually go to paying the performing artistes, producers, and organisers. However, there are also benefit concerts where either the proceeds (all the ticket money) or profits (the money earned) will go to charity. Tickets for concerts can often be bought at the box-office of the concert hall or bought online. Sometimes concerts are free.

isa: performance


cookie

title: Cookie

text: A cookie is a sweet dessert made from flour. Cookies are made in an oven. They are also called biscuits in many English-speaking countries. In the United States and Canada, many varieties of biscuit are called cookies as well.


cow

title: Cattle

text: Cattle is a word for certain mammals that belong to the genus Bos. Cattle may be cows, bulls, oxen, or calves. Cattle are the most common type of large domesticated hoofed animals. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae. Cattle are large grazing animals with two-toed or cloven hooves and a four-chambered stomach. This stomach is an adaptation to help digest tough grasses. Cattle can be horned or hornless, depending on the breed. The horns come out on either side of the head above the ears and are a simple shape, usually curved upwards but sometimes down. Cattle usually stay together in groups called herds. One male, called a bull will usually have a number of cows in a herd as his mates. The cows usually give birth to one calf a year, though twins are also known to be born. The calves have long strong legs and can walk a few minutes after they are born, so they can follow the herd. Cattle are native to many parts of the world except the Americas, Australia and New Zealand. Cattle have been domesticated for about 9,000 years. They are used for milk, meat, a source of money, transport, and companions.


czar

title: Tsar

text: Tsar is a title for the supreme ruler in several countries. In Bulgaria, the title was used in 913–1422 and again in 1908–1946. The last tsar to rule Bulgaria was Boris III, who replaced Ferdinand I of Bulgaria 1918. In Serbia, the title was used in 1346—1371. The last tsar to rule Serbia was Stephen Uroš V. In the Russian Empire, the title was used from 1546 until 1721. Starting in 1721, the title of Russian emperors was imperator, but the word tsar remained in common use until the Russian Revolution in 1917. The last tsar to rule Russia was Nicholas II, who replaced Alexander III in 1894. The system of government used during the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire was called Tsarist autocracy, also known as Tsarism. Tsar is also spelled tzar, czar, and csar. It is the Eastern European word for caesar. It can be translated to emperor.

isa: title


deaf

title: Deafness

text: Deafness is when someone cannot hear at all, or cannot hear well. Deafness is also known as 'hearing loss'. There were many famous people who were deaf, such as Ludwig van Beethoven and Helen Keller.


dolomite

title: Dolomite

text: Dolomite is the name of a sedimentary carbonate rock and a mineral, both composed of calcium magnesium carbonate CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 As a mineral, it is found in crystals. Dolomite rock (or 'dolostone') is mostly made of the mineral dolomite. Limestone that is partially replaced by dolomite is referred to as dolomitic limestone. In the old U.S. geologic literature it is called magnesian limestone. Dolomite was first described in 1791 for exposures in the Dolomites of northern Italy.

isa: rock


doubt

title: Skepticism

text: Skepticism or scepticism (Greek skeptomai: to consider, to examine) refers to any view involving doubt. People who have skepticism as an attitude, opinion, or method are called skeptics or sceptics.


endemic

title: Endemism

text: Endemism is an ecological word meaning that a plant or animal lives only in a particular location, such as a specific island, habitat type, nation or other defined zone. For example, many species of lemur are endemic to the island of Madagascar. There are two types of endemism - paleoendemism and neoendemism. Paleoendemism means that a species used to live in a large area but now lives only in a smaller area. Neoendemism means that a species has recently appeared which is closely related to the main species or one that has formed following hybridization and is now classified as a separate species. This is a common process in plants especially those which exhibit polyploidy. The opposite of endemism is cosmopolitan distribution. Endemic types are most likely to develop on islands because they are isolated. This includes remote island groups, like the Hawaiian Islands, the Galápagos Islands, and Socotra. Endemism can also occur in areas which are separated from other similar areas like the highlands of Ethiopia, or large bodies of water like Lake Baikal. Endemics can easily become endangered or extinct because of only living in a small area. They are also vulnerable to the actions of people, including the introduction of new organisms. There were millions of both Bermuda petrels and "Bermuda cedars" (actually junipers) in Bermuda when it was settled at the start of the 17th century. By the end of the century, the petrels were thought to be extinct. Cedars, whose numbers were low as a result of centuries of shipbuilding, were nearly made extinct in the 20th Century by the introduction of a parasite. Both petrels and cedars are very rare today, as are other species endemic or native to Bermuda. Endemic organisms are not the same as indigenous organisms — a species that is indigenous to somewhere may be native to other locations as well. An introduced species, also known as a naturalized or exotic species, is an organism that is not indigenous to a given place or area.


flock

title: Flock (web browser)

text: Flock is a web browser based on Mozilla Firefox. Flock is also the name of the company making the browser.


folio

title: Folio

text: When talking about manuscripts, and printing in general, a folio is a sheet, which is used on both sides. One of the sides is known as recto, the other one as verso.

isa: sheet


fresco

title: Fresco

text: Fresco is a way of painting pictures. A fresco is a kind of mural, a painting that is done on a wall. A wall painting is sometimes called a fresco by mistake. A true fresco is painted onto plaster that is fresh. The plaster has been laid on the wall that day and is still damp. Frescoes last a long time because the paint mixes into the plaster. The word fresco comes from the Italian for "fresh".

isa: picture


garden

title: Garden

text: A garden is usually a piece of land that is used for growing flowers, trees, shrubs, and other plants. The act of caring for a garden by watering the flowers and plants and removing the weeds is called gardening.


grackle

title: Grackle

text: A grackle is a bird that lives around North and South America. They belong to the Icterid family.

isa: bird


grandfather

title: Grandparent

text: A grandparent is the parent of a person's father or mother. Grandparents have always been important members of a family. The role of a parent is often very different from the role of a grandparent. Parents are the providers and disciplinarians of their children. Grandparents are often much freer to enjoy and have fun with their grandchildren. A grandparent-grandchild relationship is usually much simpler than that of a parent and child. The term 'grandparent' is used for both male and female genders. The male grandparent is called a grandfather. The female grandparent is a grandmother. When looking at the relationship from the point of view of the grandparent, the term grandchild is used. A grandchild is the child of a person's child. It can also be used based on gender. A grandchild is correct for either gender. The male grandchild is called a grandson. The female grandchild is a granddaughter.

isa: parent


hatchback

title: Hatchback

text: A hatchback is a car body style with a rear door that swings upward to provide access to a cargo area. Indeed, this rear door that opens upwards is a distinguishing feature of all hatchbacks. Most hatchbacks use a two-box design body style, where the cargo area (trunk/boot) and passenger areas are a single unit. The rear seats can often be folded down to increase the available cargo area. The body style has been marketed worldwide on cars ranging in size from superminis to small family cars, as well as executive cars and some sports cars. It is useful for short journeys and for a medium amount of luggage (like in SUVs, minivans, and some station wagons).

isa: style


hill

title: Hill

text: A hill is a landform that is higher than the surrounding terrain and that is smaller than a mountain. Hill is a highland of much lower elevation than a mountain. Normally it is not as steep as a mountain. By definition, a hill is often described as being lower than 610 meters (about 2,000 feet). The surface of a hill is much more stable than that of a dune. Hill have long been used for hill forts


hoagie

title: Cheesesteak

text: A cheesesteak is a type of sandwich made in Philadelphia. It is made of a long hoagie roll, cut in half and filled with thin slices of steak and covered with melted cheese. The cheese is either provolone or cheddar in the form of whiz. Some cheesesteaks also have onions or green peppers. Pat's King of Steaks and Geno's Steaks are two famous places in Philadelphia that make cheesesteaks. Pat's is thought to be the place that popularized the cheesesteak.

isa: sandwich


honesty

title: Trustworthiness

text: Trustworthiness or honesty is mainly a moral value. A trustworthy person is someone in whom we can place our trust and be sure that the trust will not be betrayed. Examples could be *Do we trust this person to look after our children when we are not present? *Do we trust this person to carry out a complicated repair to a piece of machinery? The first example is moral. It depends on what we know about the person, their family and upbringing. The second example is technical. We would need to know what kind of jobs the person had done before and, perhaps, what kind of training he had. In order for one to trust another,their worth and integrity must be proven over time. That applies especially to the first (moral) case. Trustworthiness in technical matters may be identified by attributes such as reliability, dependability and qualifications.


invasion

title: Invasion

text: Invasion is a word that comes from Latin. Originally, it meant that something goes in (as in military occupation) of a foreign territory. So far, the following uses are known: * Military: Getting troops to take control of enemy territory. Often a state invades another to start a war, but invasions can happen anytime during war. An invasion differs from a raid, in which the attacker does not intend to remain. * Others: Sometimes, biologists speak about an invasive species. There might be locust swarms invading, or that some algae spread far more rapidly in new territory.


lateen

title: Lateen

text: A lateen (from French latine, meaning "Latin" ) or latin-rig is a triangular sail set on a long yard mounted at an angle on the mast. It runs in a fore-and-aft direction. Dating back to Roman navigation, the lateen became the favorite sail of the Age of Discovery. This was mainly because it allowed a boat to tack "against the wind". It is common in the Mediterranean, the upper Nile River, and the northwestern parts of the Indian Ocean. It is the standard rig for feluccas and dhows. Another form is used on small recreational boats like the Sailfish and Sunfish.


latte

title: Latte

text: Latte is a kind of coffee made with espresso and hot milk.

isa: coffee


loo

title: Toilet

text: A toilet is a human waste disposal device. Toilets used in a sitting position with a toilet seat are popular in Europe and North America. There may be additional considerations for people with disabilities. Squat toilets, used in a squatting posture are more popular in Asia. This is a place where humans get rid of waste that comes from their bodies (urine and feces). Most toilets use water to flush the waste through plumbing into a sewage system. However, some modern toilets do not use water, and are called dry toilets. A room that has a toilet can be called a "restroom" or "bathroom" in the United States. In other places it may be called the toilet, the lavatory, or the water closet (WC).

isa: device


marker

title: Marker

text: A marker is a writing device that allows a person to draw, write, or scribble. Ink comes out of the tip of the marker and onto the writing surface, commonly a piece of paper. Markers generally come in a variety of different colors. They are sometimes referred to as "magic markers", or magic pens. The tip of the marker where ink comes out from is usually made of cloth. This allows the ink to go through easily. A lot of ink can come out from it at one time.


noose

title: Noose

text: A noose is a loop at the end of a rope in which the knot become tight under load and can be loosened without untying the knot. The noose is often used and known for executions by hanging or suicides.

isa: end


nurse

title: Nurse

text: A nurse is a person who is trained to give care to people who are sick or injured. Nurses work with doctors and other health care workers to make patients well and to keep them fit and healthy. Nurses also help with end-of-life needs and assist other family members with grieving. Nursing is a profession, like a doctor, but training for a nurse is different in how long a person must train and what kind of training they need. In some places, nurses may train for three to five years or more before they get a license as a nurse. Nurses work in many places. Nurses work in hospitals, in doctors' offices, and in the community. They even visit people at home if they can not get out. Sometimes, people decide to become nurses rather than doctors because the nurses will be able to help patients directly, by talking to them, doing things they need, carefully watching that nothing goes wrong, and then seeing them as they get better. Like doctors, nurses can choose what work they do. Some nurses train and work to help during surgery. Some nurses train to help people understand health issues like nutrition (what to eat), and disease (what can make people sick). Nurses can do many different jobs to help people. Nurses are in demand across the world because there are not enough nurses to handle the growing number of people who need care. Some nurses travel to another location to work for a few months in what is called travel nursing. Many migrate to richer countries. The British National Health Service, like many others, has relied for many years on importing nurses from poorer countries because not enough were trained in the UK. In 2023, there were more Ghanaian nurses in NHS than in Ghana. Nursing associates who have less training were introduced in 2018. 7,900 nursing associates were working in the NHS in 2022 but only 391 have gone on to become a registered nurse.

isa: person


pharmacy

title: Pharmacy

text: A pharmacy is a shop where therapeutic drugs are sold. Sometimes a pharmacy is also called a drug store or chemist and druggist store. The people working in a pharmacy are called pharmacists, druggist or chemists. These people can recognise simple diseases and dispense drugs for some of them. Certain drugs are special, because they can be addictive, or they change the way other drugs act, or they need to be taken in a special way. These drugs cannot simply be bought at a pharmacy. A prescription is necessary to get them. Medical doctors give out prescription s, which can then be used to get the drug. The rules about what can be bought without prescriptions are different in different countries. There are many small local pharmacy shops. There are also pharmacies in most hospitals which deliver drugs for the patients in the hospital. Many pharmacy shops do not sell drugs only. They also sell beauty products and hygiene-related products, like tampons for women and contraceptives. The number of pharmacies in England has been falling. There were 11,500 active pharmacies in 2022— the lowest total since 2015/2016. The number of prescription items given out in 2021/2022 was 1.1 billion, 2.7% more than 2020/2021. A survey by the Association of Convenience Stores in 2024 found that people thought pharmacies were the most vital local service, with Post Offices coming second and convenience stores third. My Dr. XM Pharmacy is a reliable online pharmacy offering a wide range of over-the-counter medications, vitamins, supplements, and personal care products. It provides a user-friendly shopping experience and international shipping, making health products accessible worldwide. Pharmacology is the branch of chemistry that studies the molecular structure of drugs to find better drugs.

isa: shop


phone

title: Telephone

text: A telephone, also known as a phone, is a communication tool. People use it to talk with people far away. Originally, it was an electric tool sending analogue speech through wires. Many telephones in the 21st century are electronic tools sending digital signals on wires or radio transmission. Using a telephone, two people who are in different places can talk to each other. Early telephones needed to be connected with wires which are called fixed or landline telephones. Modern mobile phones use radio waves.

isa: tool


pincer

title: Pincer

text: Pincers are a hand tool used in many situations where a mechanical advantage is required. They are used to pinch, cut or pull an object. Pincers are first-class levers. Pincers differ from pliers in that the concentration of force is either to a point, or to an edge at a right angle to the handle of the tool. This allows pincers to be brought close to a surface. This is often helpful when removing nails from wood. Pincers are often called end-nippers or end-cutters. Carpenter's pincers are very well suited to these tasks. Pincers are primarily used for removing objects out of a material. Pincers, often red-hot, have been used as an instrument of torture since the middle ages or earlier. Pliers are a similar tool with a different type of head used for squeezing, rather than cutting and pulling.


prime

title: Prime number

text: A prime is a natural number that has exactly two divisors: one and itself. A natural number can be gotten by multiplying two numbers. These two numbers are called its divisors. Any natural number is equal to one times the number itself, so those two numbers are two of its divisors. A prime is a number with only two divisors: one and itself. The prime numbers are the numbers other than one which are not equal to m \times n (except one times itself). The smallest prime number is two. The next prime numbers are 3, 5, 7, 11, and 13. The set of prime numbers is sometimes written as \mathbb{P} . If the number has any other divisors besides one and itself, then the number is called a composite number. The smallest composite number is four, because two times two equals four; thus four has three divisors. One is not a composite number or a prime number because it only has one divisor, one. The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that every positive integer can be written as a product of primes in a unique way, though the way the prime numbers occur is a difficult problem for mathematicians. When a number is larger, it is more difficult to know if it is a prime number. One of the answers is the prime number theorem. One of the unsolved problems is Goldbach's conjecture. There is no largest prime number. One of the most famous mathematicians, Euclid, recorded a proof that there is no largest prime number. However many scientists and mathematicians are still searching to find it as part of the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search.


redhead

title: Redhead

text: Redhead is a person with red or reddish-tinted hair. Approximately 1 to 2% of the world's population has red hair. In Iceland people that have red hair are called Anton Einar or short name for it lúði and came from the Greek gods, Zues and Hades. Red hair is made by genes. The gene for red hair is recessive, meaning to be weaker than other genes, like the brown hair gene, for example. Because of this, in order to have natural red hair a person needs to have red-haired ancestors present on both the maternal (mother's) and paternal (father's) side of the family. Red hair is said to be most common close to the Northern European coasts and islands of the Atlantic Ocean, like British Isles, and in particular among Celtic people. In Ireland, the percentage of population with red hair is very high relative to the rest of the world at around 10%, with 46% carrying the gene. Parts of the United Kingdom such as Scotland also have very high percentages with around 6%. There was a misconception that red hair occurrence in Scotland ran at around 13%, due to this figure appearing in reliable media sources, however this figure was only an estimate and has since been disproved by research. Dr. Jim Wilson of Britain's DNA has carried out the only large scale genetic study of Red Hair using a sample of over 2,343 people; and has found red hair occurrence of 6% in Scotland, this is concurrent with the largest ever study of hair colour in Scotland which analysed over half a million people and found red hair prevalence of 5.3%. A 1956 study of hair color among British army recruits also found high levels of red hair in Wales and the English Border counties. Depite all this, the US has the largest number of redheads living there in the world (up to 18 million compared to 650,000 redheads living in Scotland). In some countries, particularly the British Isles, despite the high proportion of redheads there, redheads are sometimes given rude names such as "carrot-top" and "ginga", and are in some cases heavily ridiculed (made fun of) by their peers. In some extreme cases, people have been harassed (others have behaved threateningly towards them) for having red hair.


ring

title: The Ring (2002 movie)

text: The Ring is a 2002 American supernatural horror movie directed by Gore Verbinski. set in Seattle. It stars Naomi Watts and Daveigh Chase. The story is from the 1998 Japanese movie Ringu, based on a 1991 book by Koji Suzuki.


room

title: Room

text: A room (or chamber) is a space inside a structure or building. Usually, a room is separated from other rooms and from the outside by walls. Door s provide access. A room may have a specified purpose, defined by its use. Examples of such rooms are the bedroom, the kitchen, and the bathroom.

isa: structure


rutabaga

title: Rutabaga

text: Rutabaga or swede is a root vegetable, a form of Brassica napus. Other names include Swedish turnip, neep and trump – however, elsewhere the name "turnip" usually refers to the related white turnip. The species Brassica napus originated as a hybrid between the cabbage and the turnip. Turnips are Brassica rapa and rutabagas are Brassica napobrassica. ... Rutabagas have a rough exterior that is normally coated in wax. The inside of a turnip is white, while the inside of a rutabaga is yellow. When cooked, turnips turn almost a translucent white, while rutabaga turns into more of a mustard yellow.

isa: vegetable


shepherd

title: Shepherd

text: A shepherd is someone who looks after sheep. Shepherds usually take the sheep out into fields so that they can graze (eat the grass). In the same way, someone who looks after cows is called a “cowherd”. A "swineherd" looks after pigs and a "goatherd" looks after goats. A herd is a group of animals. "Herding" can also mean making a herd of animals go to another place. A female shepherd is called a “shepherdess”. Many years ago, when most people lived in the country, shepherding was very common. Sheep were kept for their milk, meat, and especially their wool. We know that there were shepherds in some parts of the world thousands of years ago. The shepherd’s job was to make sure the sheep were safe and they were not eaten by wolves or other wild animals.


silence

title: Silence

text: Silence means no sound that can be heard. It can also mean no communication. A moment of silence is a common way to remember tragedies. The right to silence is a legal protection for people being interrogated by police in some countries.


stamp

title: Postage stamp

text: Postage stamps are pieces of paper which signal that payment has been made for the item to be mailed. These days they have adhesive on the back. They are put on the top right-hand corner of an envelope. They pay the fee for having the postal service take the envelope to where it is being sent. The idea was British, and the first postage stamps were issued in Britain in the mid-nineteenth century. On 1 May 1840, the Penny Black, the first adhesive postage stamp, was issued in the United Kingdom. There are a lot of different postage stamps in the world. Most countries have their own stamps. People collect them in books called stamp albums. Sometimes, the stamps all have errors in the printing like in the "Inverted Jenny" picture with the aeroplane printed upside down.


starch

title: Starch

text: Starch is a complex carbohydrate. It is made of many glucose units joined by chemical bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants as an energy store. It is the most common carbohydrate in human diets. Pasta, potatoes, bread, and other starchy foods are made out of carbohydrates.


stove

title: Stove

text: A stove is an enclosed heated space. The word is usually taken to mean an enclosed space in which fuel is burned to provide heating, either to heat the space in which the stove is found or to heat the stove itself, and anything placed on it. This article is principally concerned with enclosed stoves burning solid fuels for room heating.

isa: space


stroke

title: Stroke

text: A stroke is an illness in which part of the brain loses its blood supply. This can happen if an artery that feeds blood to the brain gets clogged, or if it tears and leaks. A stroke is when there is a lack of blood flow to the brain. There are two types of strokes. One is when there is a blood clot blocking the artery. The other type of stroke is when a blood vessel bursts and there is blood moving around freely in the brain. A stroke is the rapid loss of brain function(s) due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. This can happen because of ischemia (lack of blood flow) caused by blockage (thrombosis, arterial embolism), or a haemorrhage (leakage of blood). As a result, the affected area of the brain cannot work properly. Symptoms might include: hemiplegia (an inability to move one or more limbs on one side of the body), aphasia (inability to understand or use language), or an inability to see one side of the visual field. A stroke is a medical emergency. It can cause permanent damage. If it is not quickly treated, it may lead to death. It is the third most common cause of death and the most common cause of disability for adults in the United States and Europe. Strokes happen on both the left and right side of the brain. When a stroke happens on the left side of someone’s brain, it affects the right side of the body. It can also cause problems with the patient’s speech and language. If a stroke affects the right side of the brain, it affects the left side of the body. It also changes patient’s spatial (relating to space) perceptions. Getting a stroke on the right side of the brain can also cause people to not acknowledge their illness. Patients behave impulsively and neglect the side of their body. Factors that increase the risk of a stroke include old age, high blood pressure, a previous stroke, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, atrial fibrillation, migraine with aura, and thrombophilia (a tendency to thrombosis). Of those factors, the most easy to fix are high blood pressure and smoking.


subsidiary

title: Subsidiary

text: A subsidiary is a company that is controlled by its parent company. Even though a subsidiary works on its own, and its purposes are different from that of its parent company, the parent company is in control of its subsidiary. A company's subsidiary is different from a company's division because a division works together with its parent company. A division's goal is usually similar to that of its parent company, and the division has to use its parent company's name. A subsidiary can use a name different from that of its parent company. For example, YouTube is a subsidiary of Google, because Google is a search engine, while YouTube is a video sharing website. Google Videos is a division of Google, because Google Videos is a search engine that searches videos on the Internet. This is to match its parent company Google as a search engine. Also, YouTube has an entirely different name and logo from Google's, while Google Videos, as a division, must use Google's name and logo.

isa: company


super

title: The Super

text: The Super is a 1991 American comedy movie directed by Rod Daniel and starring Joe Pesci, Vincent Gardenia, Ruben Blades, Madolyn Smith, Stacey Travis, Carole Shelley, Kenny Blank. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was a box office failure.


surgery

title: Surgery

text: Surgery is an operation that involves cutting, taking out, changing or fixing parts of the human body. Doctors who do surgeries are called surgeons. Many surgeons are experts in certain areas; for example brain or heart or eye surgery. One who operates on bones is an orthopaedic surgeon. Surgery (operations) can be simple, like taking a tooth out. Surgery can also be complicated, like repairing a damaged heart. Operating rooms have to be very clean places. The doctors and nurses go to great lengths to keep the room clean where the surgery is done. Regular cleaning of the room and its tools keeps everything clean and germ-free. Everyone in the operating room must wear special clothes, hats, shoes, gowns, gloves and masks that are clean and germ free. The only people allowed there are the doctors and nurses as well as the patient. When people have operations they are normally put to sleep with general anaesthesia. When the patients are asleep, they cannot feel anything. In some kinds of surgery local anesthesia (stopping the pain in the place where the cutting is done) is enough. In recent years, many patients that cannot get the required surgery in their own country, or find the costs too high, travel to another country for medical care. This is called medical tourism.

isa: operation


tissue

title: Tissue

text: A Tissue forms part of an organ in plants or animals. Tissues are groups of cells that work together to do a job in the body. They are a group of cells having the same origin, structure and function. The cells look the same or almost the same. The work the cells in a tissue do is the same or almost the same. The four main kinds of tissue in animals are: # Connective tissue # Musclular Tissue # Nervous Tissue # Epithelial tissue Organs are made up of more than one kind of tissue. The heart is an organ. It is made up of different tissues. It has muscle tissue called myocardium. It has connective tissue on the inside (endocardium), and on the outside (pericardium). The heart has valves that make sure the blood goes the right way through the heart. So the heart is an organ made from several tissues. The study of the structure of tissues under a microscope is called histology.


torpedo

title: Torpedo

text: The torpedo, is an explosive projectile weapon that moves by itself (using a propeller), launched above or below the water surface, that goes underwater toward a target, and made to explode when it hits a target or is near to it. Torpedoes may be launched from submarines, surface ships, helicopters, aircraft, land etc. Robert Whitehead invented the torpedo in 1866.


wasabi

title: Wasabi

text: Wasabi is a spice traditionally prepared from a plant from the cabbage family. Its root is used as a spice and has a very strong flavor. The root is smashed up into paste and used as a condiment. Its hotness is more like hot mustard or horseradish than chili pepper, because it irritates the nose more than the tongue. Eating too much wasabi can cause a very painful feeling in the nose. The plant grows naturally in Japan. It is often eaten with sushi. Wasabi needs clean water and a cool climate. It is difficult to grow wasabi. There are two ways to grow wasabi. One way is to grow wasabi in water. The other way is to grow wasabi in a field. Major sources of wasabi are Shizuoka, Nagano, Shimane, Yamanashi, and Iwate prefectures in Japan. Other source of wasabi include China, New Zealand, Taiwan. Because the wasabi plant is so hard to grow, real wasabi is very rare and expensive, most wasabi is a green paste that is really made from horseradish, mustard and food coloring. Wasabi is also known for how spicy, or hot it is. File:山葵田 Wasabi Fields - panoramio.jpg|Wasabi plants (Azumino, Nagano, Japan) File:Wasabi 002.jpg|Wasabi paste on a plate


wireless

title: Wireless

text: The word wireless is used to refer to any type of electrical or electronic operation which is done without a "hard wired" connection. Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of wires. The distances involved may be short (when using a television remote control) or long (thousands or even millions of kilometers for radio communications).


world

title: World

text: When people say "the world" they usually mean Earth, especially in a cultural and geopolitical sense. Humans and all other known living things live in this world. Sometimes "world" means another planet. Before people discovered that Earth is a planet, they often used "World" to mean "Universe". They still sometimes use it to mean all humans or all civilization. Sometimes they mean a small part of Earth such as Western world, Islamic world, third world, new world or ancient world.


wrecker

title: The Wreckers

text: The Wreckers is an American country music duo formed in 2005.