accompaniment

title: Accompaniment

text: An accompaniment in music is music that accompanies (goes with) something else. A piece of music may have a melody (tune) and an accompaniment underneath. The music may be played on the piano with the right hand playing the tune and the left hand playing the accompaniment. The accompaniment might also be played on a different instrument. Music does not have to be a tune with accompaniment, although it often is. The accompaniment does not always have to be lower than the tune. To play the piano, the pianist has to learn to play a tune in the right hand and accompaniment in the left hand, or the tune might be passed from one hand to the other. The tune should usually be played a little louder than the accompaniment. The accompaniment must not ‘drown’ the tune. An accompaniment might be single notes, or chords, or any other pattern. The accompaniments help us to feel the harmony. An accompaniment might be another tune (this is called counterpoint). Tunes can be played or sung without accompaniment. Folk songs are traditionally sung unaccompanied. If one instrument accompanies another, the person who plays the accompaniment is an accompanist. The piano is the most popular instrument for accompanying in Western music. A good pianist can accompany a violin, cello, oboe, trumpet, singer or choir. They have to listen carefully to the instrument(s) they are accompanying, and play with the same kind of feeling. When a soloist plays a concerto the orchestra are accompanying the soloist. An organist playing a hymn is accompanying the congregation. A percussion player in a rock band is accompanying the lead instrument. Guitars and electric keyboards are often used for accompaniment. In Elizabethan times the lute was popular. People sang songs and often accompanied themselves on the lute or harp. In the Baroque period the accompaniment was often played by the basso continuo (harpsichord or organ with cello or bassoon on the bass line). The pianist Gerald Moore was a famous accompanist. When he started his career in the 1920s people did not think that the accompanist was very important. Sometimes their name would not even be printed in the programme. A singer would expect the audience to start to clap as soon as they had sung their last note, even if the piano had several more bars to play. This might not matter too much with some music, but in songs by Schubert, Wolf and other composers of Lieder the piano parts are very important.


adhesion

title: Adhesion

text: Adhesion is the process in which dissimilar particles stick together. In the case of similar particles, this effect is called cohesion. Adhesion results from the physical properties of the interface between two phases. The forces that result in adhesion are not fully known, there are different explanations. Five different types of adhesion have been proposed: *Mechanical adhesion: Adhesive materials fill the voids or pores, and interlock *Chemical adhesion: Where they join, two materials form a Chemical compound. *Dispersive adhesion: Two materials are held together by Van der Waals forces *Electrostatic adhesion: Two materials are held together by electrostatic charge *Diffusive adhesion: Two materials are held together with Atomic diffusion, it is derived from a sanskrit word adhere meaning to hold on

isa: process


aloe

title: Aloe

text: Aloe is a genus of succulent plants, with over 500 species. The best-known of these is probably Aloe vera, which is widely cultivated. Aloe vera is probably extinct in the wild. The species Aloe vera is a great natural moisturizer and can help to soothe dry skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to reduce the appearance of blemishes and wrinkles. Plus, Aloe vera is non-irritating and can be used on any type of skin.

isa: plant


annona

title: Annona

text: Annona is a genus of plants in the Annonaceae family. It contains species like the custard apple and sugar apple. It is the second-largest genus in its family after Guatteria. It has about 166 species of shrubs and trees. Its name comes from anón, a Hispaniolan Taíno word for it.


beach

title: Beach

text: A beach is a landform along the coast of an ocean, sea, lake, or river. It usually consists of loose particles, such as sand, gravel, shingle, or pebbles. The particles of a beach are sometimes biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or bits of coral and sometimes bits of igneous rock, but the most common mineral in beaches is quartz. Beaches are natural landing and launching places for boats, and landing craft are specially made for beaches. People often use beaches for recreation. They swim, bask in the sun, or just relax. The most popular beaches have fine white or light-colored sand and warm water to swim in. Beaches are also used for diving or for seeing marine life. Among the world's most popular and well-known beaches are Aruba (Dutch Caribbean), Long Beach (Canada), Copacabana Beach (Brazil), Hot Water Beach (New Zealand), Megan Bay (St. Thomas), Kailua Beach (Hawaii), Zandvoort Beach (Netherlands), Jeffreys Bay (South Africa), Bondi Beach (Australia) and Lake Como beaches (Italy). Taking holidays on the beach is something of a British cultural export. Early railways in the 19th century took people to places they had never seen before. This tourism was made possible by the industrial revolution. Whole seaside resort towns grew to support visitors, where before there were just villages. Vacations at the sea became common all over the world. Beaches are never static. They are always being built up or eroded, more quickly than other landforms. Over time the boundary between the land and the sea changes. New Romney, a small town in Kent, is one of the Cinque Ports, a 1.6 kilometres from the sea. In Henry VIII's time it was a port on the south coast of England. The growth of Dungeness has cut it off from the sea. Dungeness is a huge shingle beach.

isa: coast


biped

title: Bipedalism

text: Bipedalism is a form of movement on the ground. Some tetrapods have evolved the ability to move on two limbs. Those that do, use their rear limbs. Some animals move on two limbs all the time, they are called habitual bipeds. Optional bipeds can move on two or four legs. Early quadruped animals used all four limbs for locomotion but many later ones are bipedal. The earliest dinosaurs were bipedal but millions of years later some reverted and became quadrupeds. Birds are descendants of bipedal dinosaurs, and are bipeds themselves. Their forelimbs have become wings. Some optional bipeds stand on two legs to drive away competitors and predators, to see farther, or as body language. Their locomotion is on four limbs.

isa: movement


bite

title: Bite

text: A bite is a wound received from the teeth of an animal. Animals may bite things in self-defence. Animals also bite things to cut them into smaller pieces before they eat them. Bites can cause many medical problems, such as: * Tearing or scratching the tissue * Haemorrhaging if major blood vessels are pierced * Infection by bacteria or pathogens, such as rabies * Introduction of venom by venomous animals such as some snakes * Introduction of things that may irritate the person by causing inflammation or itching


blindfold

title: Blindfold

text: A blindfold is a piece of cloth tied over a person's eyes. Sometimes a blindfold is made of material other than cloth. Blindfolds make it impossible to see. They are used for many different reasons: *To cover the eyes of a person who is blind. *They are used in some games played by children on a playground. *As sleep masks to help a person sleep when there is too much light. *In a ransom so that a person cannot see the kidnappers. *In magic tricks. *For erotic play. In art, Justice is sometimes made to look like a woman wearing a blindfold.


bogie

title: Bogie

text: A bogie (called a truck in North American English) is a chassis, with wheels, attached to a rail vehicle, such as a boxcar. A bogie usually has four or six wheels. Each rail vehicle has a pair of bogies. The bogies can turn slightly to allow the rail vehicle to pass easily around curves in the railway track.

isa: chassis


bolus

title: Bolus

text: In biology, a bolus (from the Latin word for ball), is a ball-shaped living thing. In medicine, a bolus is a large amount of a drug given to patients to raise the blood level before treatment. A bolus can also refer to a ball of food after it has been chewed. It passes down the oesophagus by peristalsis.


bot

title: Bot

text: A bot is a computer program which acts automatically. It may do things that a person wouldn't normally do, or take a long time to do. It is an automated or semi-automated tool or script. They may be simple, or advanced and complex: #Software agents acts for a user doing things which the user programs it for. Software agents which interact with people (such as chatbots) have features which make this possible, such as natural language processing. #More advanced agents: ##Intelligent agents can use artificial intelligence. ##Autonomous agents change the way they do things to achieve the same objectives. Also, there are multi-agent systems which can work together to get a result which could not be done by a single agent. ##Mobile agents can move (relocate) their working to different processors.

isa: program


brewery

title: Brewery

text: A brewery is a building, where beer is made or a business (brewing company) whose trade is the production and sale of beer. Breweries can take up several city blocks, or be a collection of equipment in a homebrewer's kitchen. The diversity of size in breweries is matched by the diversity of processes, degrees of automation, and kinds of beer produced in breweries. Typically a brewery is divided into distinct sections, with each section reserved for one part of the brewing process. The oldest brewery in the world still in operation is believed to be the Bavarian State-owned brewery Weihenstephan, found in the German city of Freising, which can trace its history back to 1040. Although the Zatec brewery in the Czech Republic claims it can prove paying beer tax in 1004.

isa: building


brightness

title: Luminosity

text: Luminosity is the amount of power given off by an astronomical object. Stars and other objects emit energy in the form of radiation. It is measure d in joules per second, which are equal to watts. A watt is one unit of power. Just as a light bulb is measured in watts, the Sun can also be measured in watts. The sun gives off . This amount of power is known as 1 sol, the symbol for which is L_\odot . There are other ways to describe luminosity. The most common is apparent magnitude, which is how bright an object looks to an observer on Earth. It only applies to light, that is, visible wavelengths. Apparent magnitude is contrasted with absolute magnitude, which is an object's intrinsic brightness at visible wavelengths, irrespective of distance. The apparent magnitude is the less, for objects more than 32.6 light years away. When talking about the total power output across all wavelengths, that is called bolometric magnitude.


bromide

title: Bromide

text: Bromide is the reduced form of the chemical element bromine. It is a bromine atom with one extra electron, making an anion. The bromide anion is written with the chemical formula . Salts of the bromide ion and covalent compounds between bromine and most other elements are also called bromides. Bromide is not toxic in small amounts, but consuming too much can cause a disease called bromism.

isa: element


buckeye

title: Aesculus glabra

text: Aesculus glabra or Ohio buckeye is a type of tree. It is a medium-sized deciduous tree that grows to be to tall. It lives in several states in eastern North America: Pennsylvania, Ohio, Nebraska, Texas, and Georgia. It also grows in the far southwest of Ontario. The leaves have 5 or 7 leaflets, to big. The tree grows yellow flowers in spring. The fruit is a small shell. The shell has 1-3 nuts inside of it. These nuts are called buckeyes. The buckeye got its name when Native Americans thought it looked like the eye of a buck (a male deer). Buckeyes have acid in them, and they cannot be eaten by humans. The Ohio buckeye is the state tree of Ohio. It is also the nickname of The Ohio State University mascot or any person who went or goes to the school.

isa: tree


bulla

title: Bullas

text: Bullas is a municipality in the Region of Murcia, in Spain. It has an area of 82.17 km² and a population of 11,609 people.

isa: municipality


bulrush

title: Cyperus papyrus

text: Cyperus papyrus (also known as Papyrus sedge, Bulrush or Paper reed) is a plant. It is a sedge. They grow tall. The plant is perennial (grows every year) and originally comes from Africa. It was used to make a fabric much like paper. This was called papyrus, and served much the same purpose that paper does today. Its roots were also used as fuels. Also makes rope and sandals too. It is almost extinct along the shores of the river Nile where it was originally cultivated.


cab

title: Taxi

text: A taxi (taxicab or cab in the United States) is a car, or other vehicle which is used for public transport. People use them to get to where they want to go. This means there are no stops in between where they get on and where they get off. Many big cities have taxis. In most other types of public transport, such as a bus, tram, or train, the rider does not get to choose the locations where they want to get picked up or dropped off. These vehicles often take certain roads or follow a very specific route. Because of this, they usually do not stop exactly where people want to go. Riding a taxi is a lot like a person having their own car, but don't drive it. They only tell the taxi driver where they want to go and he or she will take you there. How much they pay for the ride, in most cases, depends on how far they are going from where you get on. It is common for the price for a taxi ride to be more expensive than other forms of transport.

isa: car


cabinet

title: Cabinet

text: A Cabinet is a group of important people in a government, who normally represent the head of government. It is also known as the Council of Ministers or the Executive Council. They are part of the executive branch of government. People in the cabinet are called ministers or secretaries, and they do different things, such as look after the environment. In most countries with parliamentary systems, the cabinet decides the government's policy. In other countries, such as the United States, the cabinet has limited power, and is an advisor to the Head of Government. In some countries, cabinet members are given their jobs by those who are in the government. Many years ago the cabinets were called Privy Councils. The cabinet of today came about during the time that George I and George II were Kings of England. In some European countries, the term "cabinet" is used to mean the assistants of an important politician. In the UK and some Commonwealth countries, the Shadow Cabinet are the leaders of the main opposition party in a parliament.

isa: person


chassis

title: Chassis

text: A chassis ( , ; plural chassis from French châssis ) (plural chassis) consists of a framework that supports an inanimate (non-living) object. This is much like an animal's skeleton, for example in a car.


claret

title: Clairet

text: Clairet is a type of French red wine. It is also known as Bordeaux after its region of appellation d'origine contrôlée. This is the French system which certifies where food and drink comes from.


coal

title: Coal

text: Coal is a hard rock which can be burned as a fossil fuel. It is mostly carbon but also contains hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen. It is a sedimentary rock formed from peat, by the pressure of rocks laid down later on top. Peat, and therefore coal, is formed from the remains of plants which lived millions of years ago in tropical wetlands (coal swamps), such as those of the late Carboniferous period (the Pennsylvanian). Charcoal is made by wood heated in an airless space. Coal can be burned for energy or heat. About two-thirds of the coal mined today is burned in power stations to make electricity. Like oil, when coal is burned its carbon joins with oxygen in the air and makes a lot of carbon dioxide, which causes climate change. Many people die early because of illnesses from air pollution from coal. Most countries are turning to other sources of energy, such as solar power and wind power. But new coal power plants are still being built in some parts of the world, such as China. Coal can be roasted (heated very hot in a place where there is no oxygen) to produce coke. Coke can be used in smelting to reduce metals from their ores.

isa: rock


cocktail

title: Cocktail

text: A cocktail is a kind of mixed drink. Usually, it is made with alcoholic drinks such as vodka, gin or rum. Since such spirits do not have much taste of their own (at around 40% alcohol), other ingredients are added. Common ingredients are fruits, fruit juice, sugar, crushed ice, and ice cubes. If beer is an ingredient, like in a Queen Mary, it is called a beer cocktail. If the cocktail is served in a bar or nightclub, it often comes with a piece of fruit on top. For example, a gin and tonic could have a lemon, a Piña Colada could have a pineapple and a cherry. A popular cocktail in Cornwall UK is the McVey, 440ml of strongbow and 125ml of Malibu. Most cocktails were invented in the late 19th or early 20th centuries. People began drinking a lot of cocktails in the United States in the 1920s due to Prohibition. Around that time, cocktails from Cuba, such as the mojito, became popular around the world. Cocktails made without alcohol are also made. Because all the ingredients give their flavor to the finished drink, a cocktail is only as good as the worst ingredient.

isa: drink


cornflower

title: Cornflower

text: The cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) is also called bachelor's button, or basket flower. It is an annual flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It originated in Europe, but has been taken to many other places like Australia. It bears flowers once a year. It is grown as an ornamental plant in gardens. Several cultivars have been selected with varying pastel colours, including pink and purple. The flower gives its name to the characteristic blue colour.


counterfeit

title: Counterfeit

text: Counterfeit is the sale or manufacture of items that have not been made by real companies or have been made illegally. Nearly anything can be counterfeit, but most counterfeiting is of clothing and other small items such as bags, medicines, money, watches, or jewellery. Most things can be sold without people realizing that they are counterfeit and that they could possibly be breaking the law by buying the counterfeit goods. Money can also be counterfeited. Sometimes people make fake cash, and this is considered to be counterfeit. The United States Secret Service investigates people who do this.


crown

title: Crown

text: A crown is a type of headdress worn by a monarch. They are usually worn when they are crowned or at important occasions. Also, crowns are now used as a symbol of the monarchy. They are also won by beauty pageant winners. "Crown" is also a synonym for prize or reward. Crowns are awarded or won at contests. Beauty contests award crowns to the winning participant, for example. Couples chosen the King and Queen at a dance also receive crowns.


dandy

title: Dandy

text: A dandy (also known as a beau or gallant) is a man who dresses elegantly and fashionably, but that was not necessarily of aristocratic origin. He exaggerates his manners, including the way he stands and moves, and the way he speaks. He promotes himself. This is called dandyism. The word 'Dandy' was originally a version of 'Andrew'. The female equivalent is a dandizette. The word dandy first came out in the Scottish verse of about 1780: I've heard my granny crack O' sixty twa years back When there were sic a stock of Dandies O. Dandies in the 18th and 19th centuries in the United States and Great Britain were often men from middle-class backgrounds who were trying to become people from high society. The model, or archetype, of a dandy was Beau Brummell from the Regency period of George IVth. He was a friend of the then Prince of Wales. Lord Byron is also an example. The writer Oscar Wilde is another, later example. Less extreme versions were the American artist who lived in London, James McNeill Whistler, and the French composer Maurice Ravel. The Scarlet Pimpernel is a famous example from literature. Today, in the 21st century, the word dandy is often used as a joke word to mean "fine" or "great".

isa: man


dispute

title: Dispute

text: A dispute/disagreement is a continuing disagreement carried on between two or more parties. The parties may be people, or they may be organisations or countries. Disputes can last a long time, and they can have serious results. Dispute may happen from controversy. Disputes may become conflicts or polemic. Disputes between individual people may lead to violence. Disputes between organisations may lead to legal action. Disputes between countries may lead to war.


flan

title: Flan

text: A Flan is a kind of tart found in British cuisine. It consists of an open pastry or sponge case holding a sweet or savoury filling. A typical flan is round, with shortcrust pastry.

isa: tart


forward

title: Forward

text: A forward (or striker) is a football player who is the closest to the other team's goal. The forwards are the players that are known to score the most goals. Coaches usually send a forward that scores all the goals (the centre forward) and sends another forward that makes the assists (second striker). The attackers are normally the last part of the formation numbers, for example: * 4-3-3 is the formation. This formation shows that there are four defenders, three midfielders and three attackers. * 4-4-2 is the formation. This formation shows that there are four defenders, four midfielders and two attackers. * 3-4-3 is the formation. This formation shows that there are three defenders, four midfielders and three attackers.

isa: player


frank

title: Franks

text: The Franks or the Frankish peoples were one of several West Germanic federations of tribes. It was formed out of Germanic tribes: Salians, Sicambri, Chamavi, Tencteri, Chattuarii, Bructeri, Usipetes, Ampsivarii and Chatti. Most of them lived at the northern borders of the Rhine. They entered the late Roman Empire from the northern and eastern river banks of the Rhine into modern-day northern Belgium and southern Netherlands. Later invasions conquered and established a lasting kingdom in an area that eventually covered most of modern-day France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and western Germany. The pagan Frankish king Clovis became Christian in the late 5th century, which was an important event in the history of Europe. Modern scholars of the Migration period agree that the Frankish confederacy emerged in the early the 3rd century. A region in north-eastern Netherlands, north of what was Roman border, is still called Salland and may have received that name from the Salians, who formed the core of the Frankish sea raiders.


fugue

title: Fugue

text: A fugue is a piece of music written for a certain number of parts (voices). It is a type of counterpoint with a precisely defined structure. It is based on a tune called the "subject" of the fugue. The word “fugue“ comes from the Italian “fuga“ meaning “flight“.


fur

title: Fur

text: Fur is the hair of mammals. Different species may have quite different styles of hair, making them more or less suitable to the fur trade, but many are as follows: Fur usually consists of two main layers: *Down hair (known also as undercoat or ground hair) — the bottom layer. They are wool hairs, usually wavy or curly without straight portions or sharp points; down hairs tend to be shorter, flat, curly, and more numerous than the top layer. Its principal function is thermoregulation; it keeps a layer of dry air next to the skin and repels water, thus providing thermal insulation. *Guard hair — the top layer is longer, coarser, nearly straight shafts of hair. This protrudes through the down hair layer. The top ends of the guard hairs are visible. This top layer displays the most colour and gloss, including coat patterns adapted to display or camouflage. It is also adapted to shedding water and blocking sunlight, protecting the undercoat and skin from external factors such as rain and ultraviolet radiation. Many animals, such as domestic cats, erect their guard hairs as part of their threat display when agitated. Many large mammals have little hair, because their body mass radiates proportionately less heat (elephants, rhinoceros, hippopotamus). When elephants lived in arctic conditions they did have fur (woolly mammoths). Marine mammals usually have little or no fur: the fur would become waterlogged. They have a layer of fat (blubber) underneath their skin. A special case is the naked mole-rat, whose hairlessness is probably an adaptation to their underground life-style.

isa: hair


gad

title: Generalized anxiety disorder

text: Generalized anxiety disorder (also known as GAD) is an anxiety disorder which consists of excessive and irrational worry of everyday things. This worry tends to interfere with normal daily functioning. GAD is a long-term condition that causes you to feel anxiety about a wide range of situations and issues, rather than 1 specific event. People with GAD might always concerned about health matters, money, death, their own futures or family trouble. Some people find it hard to control these worries. Between six and eight million American adults have GAD. The percentage of people that are affected by other anxiety disorders overall is much higher. It affects women more often than it does men, most commonly between ages 35 - 55.


gang

title: Gang

text: A gang is a group of people who do things together. The word "gang" comes from the Old English gan, which means "to go". It is also related to Old Norse gangr "a group of men". In modern times the word gang is often used to refer to a group of people who commit crimes together. Members of criminal gangs may be called gangsters. There are several reasons why people join gangs. Lots of people who join gangs are young people. One reason that people join gangs is a chance to make money through doing things like selling illegal drugs, stealing and sex trafficking. Another reason, especially for younger people, is a chance to have a place where they belong. A third reason is boredom.


grist

title: Grist

text: Grist is grain that has been separated from its chaff and is ready for grinding. It can also mean grain that has already been ground at a grist mill. The word grist is related to the verb "to grind".


hammer

title: Hammer

text: A hammer is a tool for putting nails into objects such as wood. It has a long handle, and a tip with a flat end for hitting nails. The most common type of hammer (sometimes called a claw hammer) has a curved end (on the other side of the hitting end) for pulling nails out. A sledgehammer is a hammer that has a longer shaft, and a more massive head. The user can swing it with two hands and apply more force.

isa: tool


harem

title: Harem

text: Harem means the women and the place where they live in a polygynous household. Most men are not allowed in there. The word harem comes from the Arabic word haram, meaning a sacred, forbidden place. Harems were meant for the royal upbringing of the future wives of noble and royal men. These women would be educated so that they were ready to appear in public as a royal wife. In the West people thought that harems (especially those in the Ottoman Empire) were brothels full of women who gave themselves up to please rich men. In modern terms the word maybe used to describe a group of admiring women attracted to one man.


hypothesis

title: Hypothesis

text: A hypothesis is an idea or guess that tries to explain something that happens in the world. Scientists make hypotheses when they notice something and want to understand why it happens. For example, if plants near a window grow faster than plants in the shade, a scientist might make a hypothesis that “plants grow faster when they get more sunlight.” A good scientific hypothesis is not just a random guess, it is based on observations (things you can see, measure, or record) and can be tested through experiments. This means other people should be able to do the same experiment and get similar results if the hypothesis is correct. If many experiments show that the hypothesis is true again and again, it can become a scientific theory. A theory isn’t a “guess” in science, it is a well-tested explanation that has strong evidence behind it. For example, the theory of gravity or the theory of evolution started out as hypotheses but became theories after years of testing and proof. In everyday language, people sometimes mix up “hypothesis” and “theory,” using both to mean a “guess.” But in science, they mean very different things. A hypothesis is an idea that’s being tested, while a theory is an explanation that’s already been tested many times and found to be true. A working hypothesis is a temporary idea that scientists use to help them move forward in their research. It is like a rough guess that gives them a starting point to explore and test new ideas. Scientists know that this guess might not be completely right, or even might be wrong, but it helps them make progress instead of getting stuck. For example, imagine scientists are trying to understand why bees are disappearing. They might start with a working hypothesis like, “Bees are dying because of a new kind of pesticide.” Even if they are not sure it is true, this idea gives them something to test. They can then collect data, do experiments, and see what they find. Working hypotheses are often changed or thrown away once scientists learn more. That is normal. The goal is not to be right the first time, but to use the hypothesis as a tool for discovery. It helps point scientists in the right direction, especially when they are brainstorming or trying to solve a difficult problem. In formal logic, a hypothesis is the first part of an “if–then” statement. For example, in the sentence “If it rains, then the ground will get wet,” the part “If it rains” is the hypothesis.

isa: idea


incense

title: Incense

text: Incense is a fuel that is burned to make a smell. It can be used for many purposes, for example, during rituals in some religions. Incense can be used to make a place smell better or to help improve mood. In Judaism, instructions for the use of incense were given in Exodus. (E.g. Exodus 30:1). In Christianity, Christ is given myrrh and frankincense by the wise men. (Gospel of Matthew 2:11) Incense is also used in Hindu rituals.

isa: fuel


indie

title: Indies

text: The Indies is a word used for places in South and Southeast Asia, including Indian Union, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, the Maldives and also Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei, Singapore, the Philippines, East Timor, Malaysia and Indonesia. Sometimes this area has also been called as the East Indies, in contrast to the West Indies.


justice

title: Justice

text: Justice is a concept on ethics and law that means that people behave in a way that is fair, equal and balanced for everyone.


membrane

title: Membrane

text: A membrane is a thin soft layer of material. A membrane separates two things. In biology a membrane can mean two things: a tissue membrane or the membranes of a cell. The membranes of cells are very small, while tissue membranes are larger.

isa: layer


midland

title: Midlands

text: Midlands could be in general the central region of any territory. In Britain and Ireland, the term is reseved for the "middle" in the north–south ("vertical") direction (countries that are oriented more east–west use "Mid" with a "horizontal" meaning.) In the United Kingdom, Scotland and England both have midland areas that are famous enough to be called the "Midlands" (as a name, not just as a description). In Wales the term for the central region is "Mid Wales" (not "The Welsh Midlands"). The rest of this article deals with the English Region known simply as The Midlands, which is more or less the territory of the early-medieval kingdom of Mercia. The area lies between Southern England, Northern England, East Anglia and Wales, and includes the counties of Derbyshire, Herefordshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Rutland, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, the West Midlands and Worcestershire. The 2001 census also included Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire in the Midlands but these are not generally considered to be part of the Midlands but East Anglia. There are two administrative regions of England in the Midlands: West Midlands and East Midlands. Taken together, these regions do not fully cover the traditional Midlands: # Part of Northern Lincolnshire is now in Yorkshire and the Humber; # Peterborough has been removed from Northamptonshire and included with Cambridgeshire in the East of England; # Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire are now in the South West and South East respectively. # Bedfordshire is now in the East of England. The "midland" status of Cheshire is often debated. South Cheshire has strong links with North Staffordshire (definitely in the Midlands), and North Cheshire with Merseyside and Manchester (both definitely in Northern England). Officially Cheshire is now part of the North West region. The largest Midlands conurbation, which includes the cities of Birmingham and Wolverhampton, is approximately covered by a metropolitan county (which also includes Coventry) also called the West Midlands. Thus, there are two West Midlands, a Region and a (smaller) County. Parts of the East Midlands are also densely populated, particularly the triangle formed by the cities of Leicester, Nottingham and Derby. The South Midlands have an own government for development. They include Northamptonshire and Bedfordshire with northern Buckinghamshire.


mouth

title: Mouth

text: The mouth is an opening in the face and is the first part of the alimentary canal (digestive system). It is the place where food is chewed. The mouth has teeth to help chew the food. It is an oval-shaped cavity inside the skull. The two main functions of the mouth are eating and speaking. Parts of the mouth include the lips, vestibule, mouth cavity, gums, teeth, hard and soft palate, tongue and salivary glands. The mouth is also known as the oral cavity or the buccal cavity. In addition to its main role as the start of the digestive system, in humans the mouth also plays a great part in communication. The tongue, lips, and jaw, which are parts of the mouth, are needed to produce the number of sounds in human language. People also kiss and show their feelings with the mouth.

isa: opening


museum

title: Museum

text: A museum is a building which is open to the public. It is also the institution where things are collected and then shown to people.

isa: building


oracle

title: Oracle

text: An oracle (in ancient Greek times) was a person who was seen as a messenger for the gods. The Oracle of Delphi was the most famous. Oracles would answer questions about the future, and would often speak in riddles. In Ancient Greece oracles lived in temples and people travelled many miles to visit them and seek their advice. The oracles were a part of Greek religion.


palette

title: Palette

text: A palette is used for mixing colours.They are usually made out of plastic or wood but can be made out of other materials. An artist often uses one of these and is in fact an essential item in art, when painting.


pathos

title: Pathos

text: Pathos ( ) ( ) is one of the three modes of persuasion in rhetorics. It is the qualities of a fictional or nonfiction work that cause feelings of empathy.


pawpaw

title: Asimina triloba

text: Asimina triloba, the American papaw, pawpaw, paw paw, or paw-paw, and many other regional names, is a small deciduous tree. It is native to the eastern United States and Canada. The tree grows a large, yellowish-green to brown fruit. Asimina is the only temperate genus in the tropical and subtropical flowering plant family Annonaceae. Asimina triloba has the most northern range of these. Well-known tropical fruits in family Annonaceae include the custard-apple, cherimoya, sweetsop, ylang-ylang, and soursop. The pawpaw is a patch-forming (clonal) underbrush tree of hardwood forests. It is found in fertile bottomland and hilly upland habitats. The tree has large, simple leaves. They are more characteristic of plants in tropical rainforests than within the temperate range of this species. Pawpaw fruits are the largest edible fruit indigenous to the United States Pawpaw fruits are sweet. They have a custard-like texture. The flavor of the fruit is similar to banana, mango, and pineapple. They are commonly eaten raw. They are also used to make ice cream and baked desserts. The bark, leaves, and seeds contain the insecticidal neurotoxin annonacin.


philosophy

title: Philosophy

text: Philosophy is the study of wisdom. is the Ancient Greek word for the "love of wisdom". A person who works in the field of philosophy is called a philosopher. A philosopher is a kind of thinker and researcher. Philosophers ask general and fundamental questions. The topics of these questions include existence, knowledge, mind, reason, language, and value. A "philosophy" can also mean a group of ideas or a way of living. However, philosophy as an area of study mostly refers to asking fundamental questions, rather than creating ways of living. Philosophy is a way of thinking about the world, the universe, and society. In the past, natural sciences like physics and psychology were a part of philosophy. Philosophy also used to be studied with religion. In the past few centuries, the difference between philosophy, sciences and religion has become much greater. Now, they are regarded as separate academic disciplines.

isa: study


piece

title: Piece

text: Pieces are a type of graffiti. Their name is short for "masterpieces". Pieces are a big and very detailed type of graffiti made with letters. They are one of the main types of modern graffiti, along with tags and throw ups. People who usually don't like graffiti are less likely to dislike pieces and people are less likely to call them vandalism. Because they are so large, pieces are usually made with spray paint, but people also use paint rollers.


pirate

title: Piracy

text: Piracy can mean different things; it can be a crime that is committed. A human on a ship at sea who steals from other ships is called a pirate. Pirates usually have small, fast boats. Pirates use such boats to attack other ships, which are usually large cargo ships. For as long as ships have sailed the sea, there have been pirates. Ancient Egypt and the Romans, Medieval kings, and the British Empire dealt with pirates. Fighting pirates has sometimes been one of the most important roles of a navy. Piracy still happens in the modern world. The Gulf of Aden (which is off the coast of Somalia) has especially high rates of pirate attacks, mostly by Somali pirates.


premiere

title: Movie release

text: A movie release (or premiere) is when a completed movie is released for the public to see. It may be in theaters or for home viewing. A movie's release date can affect how much money the movie makes.


project

title: Project

text: A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service.


quill

title: Quill

text: A quill pen is a tool used for writing, made from a flight feather of a large bird. Quills were used for writing with ink before other pens were invented. They are still used in calligraphy sometimes. Today, most paper is made from wood plulp. Such papers use the quill rather rapidly. The hollow shaft of the feather (the calamus) acts as an ink reservoir and ink flows to the tip by capillary action.


redwood

title: Redwood

text: The redwood are a subfamily of conifers, the Sequoioideae. They are in the Cypress family Cupressaceae. They are common in the coastal forests of Northern California and are perhaps the largest tree in the world. There are three living genera. There were once more species of redwood trees, but most have become extinct. These trees are pyrophytes; they have adapted to survive forest fires. Because fire is common where they grow, redwood trees have developed thick, fire-resistant bark. Their cones open only after a fire. Because fire control is better these days, the trees are endangered. Redwood trees can grow to be very large. The largest species, Sequoiadendron giganteum, can get to 94.8 m tall and 17 m across. The tallest tree in the world is claimed to be a Sequoia sempervirens named Hyperion. The largest tree in the world by volume is claimed to be a Sequoiadendron giganteum named the General Sherman Tree, after William Tecumseh Sherman.


remainder

title: Remainder

text: In arithmetic, the result of the division of two integers usually cannot be expressed with an integer quotient, unless a remainder—an amount "left over" after the division—is also accepted.


rerun

title: Rerun

text: A rerun is a repeat of the same broadcast media, when that program is played again. This is usually a television show, but can also be a radio show.

isa: repeat


saliva

title: Saliva

text: Saliva is the watery substance made in the mouths of humans and many animals. Saliva begins digesting food in the mouth, and moistens food to make swallowing easier. Saliva consists of 99.5% water. The mouth is the point of entry to the whole alimentary canal. It follows from this that saliva must both help digestion, and protect against infections. The digestion part is by three enzymes, one each for carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The digestion started here carries on in the stomach. There are some other 'minor' enzymes as well, and we do not know the full story about them yet. Also there is a pain-killing opiorphin, and a wrap-around haptocorrin which keeps vitamin B12 safe from stomach acids. Finally, there are a set of anti-bacterial proteins which make life difficult for any bacteria which get in with the food. Saliva is filtered blood, "These observations are consistent with the fact that saliva is a filtrate of blood, meaning that the contents of blood—water, salts and macromolecules—pass through capillary walls into the salivary glands." Source: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2741028/#:~:text=These%20observations%20are%20consistent%20with,walls%20into%20the%20salivary%20glands. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2741028/#:~:text=These%20observations%20are%20consistent%20with,walls%20into%20the%20salivary%20glands.]

isa: substance


shoot

title: Shoot

text: In botany, shoots are stems plus the leaves and lateral buds, flowering stems and flower buds. The new growth from seed germination that grows upward is a shoot where leaves will develop. In the spring, perennial plant shoots are the new growth that grows from the ground in herbaceous plants or the new stem or flower growth that grows on woody plants. In everyday speech, shoots are often synonymous with stems. Young shoots are often eaten by animals because the fibers in the new growth have not yet completed secondary cell wall development, making the young shoots softer and easier to chew and digest. As shoots grow and age, the cells develop secondary cell walls that have a hard and tough structure. Some plants produce toxins that make their shoots inedible or less palatable (pleasant to eat). File:Cucumber leaf.jpg|The shoot of a cucumber File:GiantKnotweed048.jpg|Edible shoots of Sachaline File:Sunflower seedlings.jpg|Sunflower seedlings germinate File:Persea americana (Avocado) Sprout 08May2010.JPG|A young hass avocado shoot

isa: leaf


spruce

title: Spruce

text: Spruce are trees of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae. They live in the northern temperate and taiga regions of the Earth. Spruce are large trees, from 20 to 60 (–95) m tall when mature, and can be distinguished by their conical form and their needles, that are attached singly to the branches in a spiral fashion. The needles are shed when 4–10 years old.

isa: tree


square

title: Square

text: A square is a shape with four equal sides and four corners that are all right angles (90 degrees). The diagonals of a square also cross at right angles. The angle between any diagonal and a side of a square is 45 degrees. A square has rotational symmetry of four. It has four lines of regular symmetry. A square with vertices A, B, C and D can be written as \square ABCD . A square is a type of rectangle with all sides of equal length. However, while a square is a type of rectangle and rhombus, the opposite does not need to be true. A square is also the 2-dimensional surface of a cube.


sunset

title: Sunset

text: Sunset or sundown is the instant at which the upper edge of the Sun disappears below the horizon in the west. Its opposite is the sunrise.


swing

title: Swing music

text: Swing music, or simply Swing, is a kind of Jazz music that developed in the 1920s and 1930s. Swing was mostly popular, because it had tunes that were easy to dance to, and not because it sounded good. Swing developed in the United States, from earlier movements such as Dixieland Jazz or Chicago Jazz. In Swing, musicians made compromises to make the music popular. Yet, swing had its own merits. Some notable swing artist included Cab Calloway. Swing is also connected with the development of Big bands. Until then, Jazz music had been played in small groups, of 2-3 to 8 people, Wth the Big Band, more people played. The bigger size meant that people had to change the way they played the music, but it also gave new opportunities. Swing was most popular in the 1930s and 1940s. At first, it was developed and played by African Americans. Later, white people copied the style, and in the end, most Swing players were white.


taboo

title: Taboo

text: In a group or society, a taboo is something that is not acceptable to talk about or do. An activity or behavior can be taboo in one culture, but not in another. Some things like cannibalism and sexual relationships between siblings are taboo in almost all societies. Sometimes even talking about taboos is taboo. Some taboos may also be against the law, and people who break them may be punished. Breaking taboos can seem rude, and can cause embarrassment or shame.


task

title: Task

text: In common language, a task is an action one wants to do, such as completing a problem or an assignment.


tea

title: Tea

text: Tea is a caffeinated drink made from steeping the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant. Tea can have other herbs, spices, or fruit flavors in it, like lemon.


trouble

title: Irish Republican Army

text: The Irish Republican Army or IRA originated from the Irish Republican Brotherhood, and fought against the British Army to get freedom for Ireland in the Irish War of Independence. After some time when the IRA had fought the island of Ireland was split up and the Republic of Ireland became independent, the IRA split up and some parts of it were involved in the fighting in Northern Ireland called "The Troubles". The original IRA are now named as ná Óglaigh na hÉireann. While the other IRA have used guerilla tacticts to achieve a united Ireland free from British rule.


trump

title: Donald Trump

text: Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician and businessman serving as the 47th president of the United States since 2025. A member of the Republican Party, he was also the 45th U.S. president from 2017 to 2021. Trump is a billionaire. He was the chairman of The Trump Organization from 1971 to 2017. Much of his money was made in real estate in New York City, Las Vegas, and Atlantic City. From 2004 to 2015, Trump was the host of his own reality television show The Apprentice. Trump became the Republican Party nominee for president in 2016. He won that year's presidential election against Democrat Hillary Clinton. He was inaugurated as the 45th president in 2017. Trump lost a second term to former Vice President Joe Biden in the 2020 election. He did not agree with the result and said he won the election by a "big amount". He tried but failed to change the election results. During his first term, he was impeached two times: in 2019 and in 2021. In 2023, Trump became the first former U.S. president to face criminal charges. In 2024, he became the first former U.S. president convicted of a felony. In 2022, Trump announced another presidential campaign for the 2024 presidential election. In July 2024, he survived being shot during a campaign rally in Pennsylvania. In November 2024, he defeated Vice President Kamala Harris to be elected the 47th president. He is the first felon to serve as president.


upside

title: The Upside

text: The Upside is a 2019 American comedy-drama movie directed by Neil Burger and written by Jon Hartmere. It is a remake of the French 2011 movie The Intouchables. It was inspired by the life of Philippe Pozzo di Borgo. The movie is about a paralyzed billionaire (Bryan Cranston) who becomes friends with a recently paroled convict (Kevin Hart) who he hires to take care of him. Nicole Kidman, Golshifteh Farahani, Tate Donovan, Aja Naomi King and Julianna Margulies also star. It is the third remake of The Intouchables after the Indian movie Oopiri and the Argentinian movie Inseparables (both 2016). The movie was originally to be distributed by The Weinstein Company in March 2018, but the movie was shelved and sold off following the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations. It was released in the United States on January 11, 2019. The Upside has grossed over $69 million and received mixed reviews from critics, who praised Hart and Cranston's chemistry and performances but criticized the plot for being "predictable and cliché".


well

title: Well

text: A well is a hole that is dug into the Earth to get a fluid. Most wells reach down to the water table to get water. There are also oil well s and gas wells. Wells can be as simple as a hole that a bucket on a rope can be lowered into, or very complex with pipes and high-powered pumps to get the water out. Most cities that are not close to fresh water lakes or rivers get their water from wells. It is important to be careful what rubbish is put into the ground near a well. If something toxic is put in the ground, it could go in the groundwater and the well and make people sick. A qanat is an ancient complex water well system used in the Middle East. Water is a problem for many African countries. Many charities are helping to build wells in local villages so people need not go far to get water. A well only works if underneath there is a source of water, such as an aquifer, which feeds it.

isa: hole


whistling

title: Whistling

text: Whistling by people can be done without a whistle. Hard to describe, it is done by creating a small opening with one's lips and then blowing or sucking air through the hole. The air is moderated by the lips, curled tongue, teeth or fingers (placed over the mouth). The use of pursed lips, tongue and sometimes fingers is to create turbulence The curled tongue acts as a resonant chamber, acting as a type of Helmholtz resonator. The art of whistling is a hard task to accomplish but is much easier once mastered. Whistling is done to make people at a distance hear your signal. Sometimes used to call a cab, it can be used in dense forest or on hill-tops. It is a non-verbal method of communication which says, in effect, "take notice, I'm here". Whistling is widely used by shepherds to control their dogs.