anachronism

title: Anachronism

text: An anachronism is a person or thing that is out of place in time. The term is often used in movies or television program when they show a person using something that wasn't invented yet. For example, in the movie The Green Mile, which is set in 1935, they are shown using an electric chair, which wasn't used until 1940.

isa: person


attic

title: Attic

text: The attic is the highest level or levels of a house or another building, it is directly below the roof and old house or old things inside the house like a vintage. It is sometimes used as storage. Some people have "loft conversions" (change the attic into a room people can use) so that they can sleep in it. Attics can be hard to reach, which is why many of them are not used. They can help keep the temperature of the house stable.


auk

title: Auk

text: The auk is a type of bird. It is the English word for any bird in the family Alcidae. There are many species of auk. They live in the northern half of Planet Earth. Some auks are small birds and some are medium-sized birds. All auks live on or near the ocean. They have long, thick bodies. They have small wings and tails. They have short legs and webbed feet. Auks do not walk well. They flap their wings very fast to fly. When they fly, they cannot change direction as fast as other birds can. But auks swim and dive well. Auks look like penguins because they are usually black and white in color, with black on the back and white on the belly. But auks and penguins are not closely related. They do not live in the same places. Auks can fly and penguins cannot. Most auks live on the ocean. They stay far from land for months. They come to land to build nests, lay eggs, and raise young auk chicks.

isa: bird


backup

title: Backup

text: In the context of computers and computer systems, a backup is a copy of some data. This copy can be used when the original data is changed, or lost. Losing data is common: A 2008 survey found that two thirds of respondents had lost files on their home PC. Another purpose of backing up data is to have a copy that represents an earlier state of the data, before it was changed. Organisations may have rules which state how long data should be kept, and what kinds of data these rules apply to. In many countries there are rules that specify that certain kinds of data need to be kept for a given time. An example of this is the data used for accounting. Backups are a simple form of disaster recovery. Even though they are commonly seen as disaster recovery, they should be part of a disaster recovery plan. A disaster recovery plan is a documented set of procedures and tasks to perform to protect the consistency and integrity of a corporate IT system.

isa: copy


basement

title: Basement

text: The basement is the lowest level or levels in some buildings, almost always below the ground. There is another type of basement, called a subbasement. or subcellar A subcellar is just like a basement, but more below it. Most basements have lights.


bilberry

title: Bilberry

text: Vaccinium myrtillus/The bilberry is the fruit of a type of shrub that grows close to the ground. It is a member of the genus Vaccinium. The bilberry is native to Europe, whereas the blueberry and huckleberry are native to North America. They are closely related, and members of the same genus. The bilberry is known by many names. It is also called blaeberry, whortleberry, whinberry, myrtle blueberry, fraughan, and probably other names in different places. In Thomas Hardy's 1878 book, The Return of the Native, they were called black-hearts in 19th century southern England.

isa: fruit


bombardment

title: Bombardment

text: A bombardment is an attack by artillery weapons against fortifications, troops or towns and buildings. The word came from the name of the medieval artillery weapon, the bombard, which was used to fire heavy stones during a siege. Before World War I the word bombardment was only used for the attack of defenceless or undefended objects, houses, public buildings. Since then it has come to mean any mass attack delivered by artillery or short range missiles, and also as aerial bombardment if delivered by bomber aircraft or long range missiles. It now is also used to describe activities in science, such as firing high energy particles like electrons into atoms in the study of nuclear reactions. The word can also be used informally, for example, a person could be "bombarded" with questions.

isa: attack


brine

title: Brine

text: Brine is water that has more than 5% salt in it. It is used for preserving food. For this it is much like vinegar or sugar. Brine is also used to transport heat. Adding salt to water lowers the freezing point of the water. The solubility of salt in water depends on temperature. At 15.5°C, a saturated solution of brine can hold 26.4 % salt by weight. At 0°C, it can hold 23.3% salt. Brines also have some pharmaceutical properties, which can be used to treat people, especially those with diseases of the skin, allergies and common colds.


chamber

title: The Chamber

text: The Chamber is an American legal drama movie of 1996. It is about a former white supremacist who is a death row inmate scheduled to be executed soon in the State of Mississippi. Gene Hackman plays Sam Cayhill. Faye Dunaway plays Lee Cayhill Bowen. The Chamber got bad reviews. It performed very poorly in the box office.


chiton

title: Chiton

text: Chitons are primitive marine molluscs in the class Polyplacophora (formerly the class Amphineura). There are 900 to 1,000 living species of chitons. The size ranges from 0.5 to 30 cm in length. most are quite small. All the living species are in the subclass Neoloricata and so may be called loricates Popular names are sea cradles or coat of mail shells They have a single shell that sticks to rocks, like a limpet. The shell is made of 8 hard plates that fit tightly together, overlapping one another. The shell plates are surrounded by a structure known as a girdle.


collage

title: Collage

text: Collage is an art term. It is a work of art like a painting but with pieces of paper and fabric ('found objects') stuck on a surface such as a piece of paper, wood or canvas. Collage is a popular technique in modern art. Types of collage are 'decoupage', photomontage and digital collage. When actual painting is included, or any other medium, the technique is called 'mixed media'. Work in three dimensions may be called 'assemblage'.


concrete

title: Concrete

text: Concrete is an important material for making different buildings and structures. It is a composite made of Portland cement, sand, gravel or rock aggregate, and water. The amount of each can change depending upon what the concrete will be used for. Concrete is used more than any other man-made material in the world. As of 2006, about 7.5 billion cubic meters of concrete are made each year—more than one cubic meter for every person on Earth. The ingredients are mixed together into a paste, a bit like making dough for bread. The concrete is then poured into a frame. After a few hours it sets hard. Concrete solidifies due to a chemical reaction known as hydration. The water reacts with the cement, which bonds the other components together, eventually creating a strong stone-like material. Concrete is used to make pavements, pipe, architectural structures, dams, foundations, motorways, bridges, multi-story parking, walls, footings for gates, fences and poles and even boats. Its biggest advantage is that it bonds together bricks and stones better than any other method known to mankind. Concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension. For some purposes it needs to be reinforced with steel rods. Reinforced concrete buildings can be made to link all the parts together, the foundations, walls, floors and roofs, but concrete construction does not make buildings earthquake-proof.

isa: material


cosmos

title: Universe

text: The universe is space and everything in it. It is made of billions of stars, planets, and enormous clouds of gas separated by huge voids of space. It is believed that an event called the Big Bang started the expansion of the universe. Astronomers use telescopes to look at distant galaxies. This is how they see the universe as it was a long time ago. The past tense is because the light from distant parts of the universe takes a very long time to reach us. From these observations, it seems the physical laws and constants of the universe have not changed. Physicists are currently unsure if anything existed before the Big Bang. The size of the universe is not known, but there are many theories that are debated today.


crock

title: C-rock

text: C-rock is short for Chinese rock music. C-rock ( or ; literally "Chinese shaking and rolling music") can be performed in any dialect of Chinese language. Some people consider C-rock a subgenre of C-pop.


diaphragm

title: Diaphragm

text: The diaphragm is a muscle that is at the bottom of the ribcage of mammals. When breathing in, the diaphragm pulls down so that the size of the lungs increases, allowing air to enter the lungs. When breathing out, the diaphragm rests and goes up making a dome shape, decreasing the size of the lungs and pushing air out. This increases the surface area of the air so that there is more oxygen that the lungs can hold.

isa: muscle


durian

title: Durian

text: A durian or durion is a big fruit with a strong smell that smells like flowers and a hard shell with soft thorns. Its flavour is loved by some people, especially in Southeast Asia, where people call it the "King of Fruits". Many hotels and public transportation systems do not let people carry durians because of the strong smell, which many people find unpleasant. There are many different kinds of durian that are priced differently depending on people's preferences.


epoxy

title: Epoxy

text: Epoxy is the end product of epoxy resins. It is also a common name for the epoxide functional group, and a common name for a type of strong adhesive used for sticking things together. Typically, two resins need to be mixed together before use. Epoxy resins are a class of reactive polymers which contain epoxide groups. Their co-reactants are often called 'hardeners' or 'curatives', and the cross-linking reaction is referred to as 'curing'. The reaction forms a thermosetting polymer, often with strong mechanical properties as well as high temperature and chemical resistance. Epoxy has a wide range of industrial applications. *Superglue is another strong adhesive, made of cyanoacrylate.

isa: product


exponent

title: Exponentiation

text: In mathematics, exponentiation (power) is an arithmetic operation on numbers. It can be thought of as repeated multiplication, just as multiplication can be thought of as repeated addition. In general, given two numbers x and y , the exponentiation of x and y can be written as x^y , and read as " x raised to the power of y ", or " x to the y th power". Other methods of mathematical notation have been used in the past. When the upper index cannot be written, people can write powers using the ^ or ** signs, so that 2^4 or 2**4 means 2^4 . Here, the number x is called base, and the number y is called exponent. For example, in 2^4 , 2 is the base and 4 is the exponent. To calculate 2^4 , one simply multiply 4 copies of 2. So 2^4=2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 , and the result is 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2=16 . The equation could be read out loud as "2 raised to the power of 4 equals 16." More examples of exponentiation are: * 5^3=5\cdot{} 5\cdot{} 5=125 * x^2=x\cdot{} x * 1^x = 1 for every number x If the exponent is equal to 2, then the power is called square, because the area of a square is calculated using a^2 . So : x^2 is the square of x Similarly, if the exponent is equal to 3, then the power is called cube, because the volume of a cube is calculated using a^3 . So : x^3 is the cube of x If the exponent is equal to -1, then the power is simply the reciprocal of the base. So : x^{-1}=\frac{1}{x} If the exponent is an integer less than 0, then the power is the reciprocal raised to the opposite exponent. For example: : 2^{-3}=\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3=\frac{1}{8} If the exponent is equal to \tfrac{1}{2} , then the result of exponentiation is the square root of the base, with x^{\frac{1}{2}}=\sqrt{x}. For example: : 4^{\frac{1}{2}}=\sqrt{4}=2 Similarly, if the exponent is \tfrac{1}{n} , then the result is the nth root, where: : a^{\frac{1}{n}}=\sqrt[n]{a} If the exponent is a rational number \tfrac{p}{q} , then the result is the qth root of the base raised to the power of p: : a^{\frac{p}{q}}=\sqrt[q]{a^p} In some cases, the exponent may not even be rational.

isa: operation


fax

title: Fax

text: Fax (short for facsimile), or telecopying, is the transmission of scanned printed material (both text and images), to a telephone number connected to a printer or other output device. The original document is scanned with a fax machine (or a telecopier), which turns the contents (text or images) into a bitmap, then the bitmap is sent through the telephone system. The receiving fax machine reconverts the coded image, printing a paper copy. Businesses usually have some kind of fax system, but the technology has faced increasing competition from Internet-based methods. Fax machines still retain some advantages, particularly in the transmission of sensitive material which, if sent over the internet, may be intercepted. However, encryption (a secret coding system) can make internet messages secure. In some countries, because electronic signatures on contracts are not recognized by law while faxed contracts with copies of signatures are, fax machines enjoy continuing support in business. In many businesses, standalone fax machines have been replaced by fax servers which receive and store incoming faxes electronically. The servers route them to users on paper or via a secure email. Such systems reduce costs by eliminating unnecessary printouts and reducing the number of inbound phone lines needed by an office.

isa: transmission


film

title: Movie

text: A movie or film is a type of visual art that uses images and sounds to tell stories, express ideas, or teach people something. Most people watch movies to entertain themselves or to have fun. Movies can vary significantly in emotional tone both overall as a specific genre type but also within a single work. Some of the most typical approaches are to make people laugh (comedy), make them cry (tragedy or drama), or make them feel afraid (horror). However, there are also movies that combine genres, like horror-comedy.

isa: art


fireman

title: Firefighter

text: Firefighters are people who help put out fires. However, they can also help with many other emergencies. Firefighters use different types of equipment to deal with each type of emergency they are called to. They work for the fire service, which is one of the three main emergency services. Firefighters are based in and respond to emergency situations from a fire station (also known as a fire house or fire hall). Firefighters deal with many different emergencies. When somebody needs their help, the firefighters will drive to the location of the emergency on a vehicle called a fire engine (also known as a fire truck). Fire engines have lots of equipment to deal with different emergency situations. They have water hoses, water pumps, ventilation, fans, and many other items that help them put out fires. Fire engines also carry equipment for medical incidents, hazardous material incidents, and equipment that can help firefighters rescue people. To help with medical emergencies, fire engines have cardiac monitors, defibrillators, intubation and airway management supplies, emergency medicines, and other medical items on board. To help the firefighters rescue people, fire engines have many rescue tools such as spreaders, cutters, and rams. Their rescue equipment also includes air bags, electric and battery powered breaching, special rescue saws, torches, ropes, and other specialized rescue tools and equipment on board. In response to hazardous material incidents, fire engines have protection equipment to keep the firefighters safe from the hazards. Fire engines also carry non-sparking tools, generators, and other hazardous material tools and equipment on board. Modern fire engines have flashing emergency lights, as well as loud sirens and horns. This helps to warn people that a fire engine is coming down the road to an emergency. Radios, computers, and other devices are used by firefighters on fire engines to talk with their dispatchers and other emergency service vehicles, including mutual aid, Fire and Rescue units, police units, and Emergency Medical Services units. Firefighters wear heavy clothing to protect them from the heat of a fire, known as bunker gear or turnout gear. They wear equipment to help them breathe in areas that are filled with smoke. They may also wear a mask to protect themselves from breathing in smoke and/or hot air. This helps them to protect themselves and those that they rescue.


fossa

title: Fossa

text: The fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) is a cat-like, carnivorous mammal endemic to Madagascar. It is a member of the Eupleridae, a family of carnivorans closely related to the mongoose family (Herpestidae). Its classification has been controversial because it looks like a cat. However, other traits suggest a close relationship with viverrids (most civets and their relatives). Its classification influenced thought about how many times mammalian carnivores had colonized Madagascar. Genetic studies now show that the fossa and all other Malagasy carnivores are closely related to each other: they are a clade, the family Eupleridae. Carnivorans are now thought to have colonized the island once about 18 to 20 million years ago. The fossa is the largest mammalian carnivore on the island of Madagascar and has been compared to a small cougar. Adults have a head-body length of and weigh between . The males larger than the females. It has semiretractable claws and flexible ankles that allow it to climb up and down trees head-first, and they can jump from tree to tree. The species is widespread, although population densities are usually low. It is found only in forested habitat, and hunts by day and night. Over 50% of its diet consists of lemurs, the endemic primates of the island. Tenrecs, rodents, lizards, birds, and other animals are also prey. Mating usually occurs in trees on horizontal limbs and can last for several hours. Litters range from one to six pups, which are born blind and toothless (altricial). Infants wean after 4.5 months and are independent after a year. Sexual maturity occurs around three to four years of age, and life expectancy in captivity is 20 years. The fossa is listed as "Vulnerable" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. It is generally feared by the Malagasy people and is often protected by their taboo. The greatest threat to the species is habitat destruction.


gamboge

title: Gamboge

text: Gamboge is a shade of yellow. It is a partially transparent deep saffron to mustard yellow pigment.

isa: shade


garbage

title: Waste

text: Waste (or wastes) are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any substance that is discarded after primary use or is worthless, defective, and of no use. It may be no longer useful as it has served its purpose, and at the end of the process have no further use, and is generally discarded. It is unwanted material that people have thrown away. It is often also called trash, garbage, rubbish, or junk. It can be solid, liquid, or gas, or it can be waste heat. There are many different kinds of waste. Garbage is the waste we produce daily in our homes, including old or unwanted food, chemical substances, paper, broken furniture, used containers, and other things. When waste is a liquid or gas, it can be called an emission. This is usually pollution. Sanitation is the proper handling of human waste. Waste can also be something abstract (something that you cannot touch), for example, "a waste of time" or "wasted opportunities". When people use the words waste or wasted in this way, they are saying (directly or indirectly) that something has been used badly (using too much of it or using it incorrectly).


glass

title: Eyeglasses

text: Eyeglasses (U.S), glasses or spectacles (also more rarely cheaters) are pieces of glass or clear plastic, called lenses, that are held in front of a person's eyes by a frame made of metal or plastic. They can be used for many reasons. These include safety, fashion and to correct a person's vision. The earliest known eyeglasses are in the thirteenth century in Italy.


grass

title: Grass

text: Grass is a type of plant with narrow leaves growing from the base. Their appearance as a common plant was in the mid-Cretaceous period. There are more than 12,000 species now. Much grass is used to cover the ground in places such as lawns and parks. Grass is usually the color green. That is because they are pollinated by wind rather than insect pollinators, so they do not have to attract insects. Green is the best color for photosynthesis. Grasslands such as savanna and prairie are where grasses are dominant. They cover 40,5% of the land area of the Earth, but not Greenland nor Antarctica. Grasses are monocotyledon herbaceous plants. They include the "grass" of the family Poaceae, which are called grass by ordinary people. This family is also called the Gramineae and includes some of the sedges (Cyperaceae) and the rushes (Juncaceae). These three families are not very closely related, though all of them belong to clades in the order Poales. They are similar adaptations to a similar life-style. With about 780 genera and about 12,000 species, the Poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family. Only the Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae and Rubiaceae have more species. The true grasses include cereals, bamboo and the grasses of lawns (turf) and grassland. Uses for graminoids include food (as grain, shoots or rhizomes), drink (beer, whisky), pasture for livestock, thatch, paper, fuel, clothing, insulation, construction, basket weaving and many others. Many grasses are short, but some grasses can grow tall, such as bamboo. Plants from the grass family can grow in many places and make grasslands, including areas that are very dry or cold. There are several other plants that look similar to grass and are referred to as such but are not members of the grass family. These plants include rushes, reeds, papyrus and water chestnut. Seagrass is a monocot in the order Alismatales. Grasses are an important food for many animals, such as deer, buffalo, cattle, mice, grasshoppers, caterpillars and many other grazers. Unlike other plants, grasses grow from the bottom, so when animals eat grass, they usually do not destroy the part that grows. This is part of the reason why the plants are so successful. Without grass, more soil might wash away into rivers (erosion).

isa: plant


gravel

title: Gravel

text: Gravel is small, loose, rock particles. It is any loose rock that is larger than 2 mm (0.079 in) in its smallest dimension (about 1/12 of an inch) and no more than 64 mm (2.5 in). Small gravel is composed of granules (>2 to 4 mm/0.079 to 0.16 in). Large gravel is called pebbles (>4 to 64 mm/0.16 to 2.5 in). Particles smaller than gravel are sand, larger particles are cobbles. Gravel and sand are used for road surfaces, and for cement and Tarmac. Mixtures of gravel and sand mixed with various crushed material, are known as aggregate in the trade. This is used for drainage in the basement of roads, and other purposes. Mixture of stones and resin is also used to pave footpaths, driveways, etc. This mixture is known as Resin Bonded Gravel.


hat

title: Hat

text: A hat is a type of covering for the head, and there are many types of hats. Hats are different in different parts of the world. Some hats are worn by women, other hats by men, others by both; infants and children may also wear hats, and some hats are not worn by anyone at all. These hats are just used for decoration. People who make hats for men are called hatters, and those who make hats for women are called milliners. The kinds of hats (or caps, which are like hats) worn by different groups within various societies in different countries are very numerous. Some types of hats or caps are worn as a sign of social roles. For example, bishops wear mitres and some lawyers wear wigs. In these cases the special headware is only worn on specific occasions. Monarchs wear crowns on special occasions. All kinds of clothing send social messages as to what the person is. For years workmen in Britain wore caps, but foremen (supervisors) wore bowler hats. So, in traditional societies it was expected of a person that he or she would dress appropriately. Other people would know from their clothes what kind of person was on view. That aspect of hats and clothing in general is much less true today.


head

title: Head

text: The head is the part of the body where the brain is, which is protected and surrounded by the cranium, which is part of the skull. It is also where the face is, which has a lot of your senses like seeing and hearing. Not all animals have heads, like worms or a lot of other things that do not have symmetrical bodies from top to bottom.


herring

title: Herring

text: A herring is a small teleost fish of the genus Clupea. Best-known of this family is probably the Atlantic herring. There are 15 different species of herring. When herrings migrate in the water they usually do this in large numbers; this is then called a school of herring. Like other fish, they do this for protection: see shoaling and schooling. Herrings can be eaten. They are often smoked or pickled. A red herring is used to describe a plot device in mystery fiction that leads the reader to a wrong solution.

isa: fish


hummer

title: Hummer

text: The Hummer is a line of sport utility vehicles and pickup trucks known for being able to drive off-road. The brand started in 1992 when AM General started selling a civilian version of its military vehicle, the Humvee. The actor Arnold Schwarzenegger helped make the Hummer popular in the 1990s. In 1999, General Motors bought the rights to the Hummer started making new, smaller models like the H2 and the H3. In 2010, facing financial problems, General Motors tried to sell the Hummer brand but failed to find a buyer and was forced to shut down the brand. In 2020, General Motors started using the Hummer name again. This time, it was not its own separate brand. Instead, it became a model under GMC, another General Motors brand. The new vehicles, called the GMC Hummer EV, is a fully electric pickup truck and SUV.

isa: line


ice

title: Ice

text: Ice is the common name for frozen water. Other liquids, such as ammonia or methane or milk, are called 'milk ice', for instance, instead of just 'ice'. Liquid water becomes solid ice when it is very cold. The freezing point is 0° Celsius (32° Fahrenheit or 273 kelvin). Ice can be made in a home refrigerator or freezer. If water is put in a freezer and left for a while, the water gets very cold and will freeze solid, creating ice. Water can be placed into a copper (or other metal) container to cause it freeze into ice faster. Water can freeze faster than in a plastic ice tray.


immortal

title: Immortality

text: Immortality (eternal life) is the idea of something which is alive that will stay alive forever. The opposite of immortality is mortality, which means a living thing can die. Right now, only a small number of living things are known to be biologically immortal. These are mainly simple, lower forms of life like bacteria. Although they are still mortal as they can die from other causes. Stories about immortal people or animals are popular in fiction and mythology, but not yet possible due to the decline of health as the years pass.

isa: idea


instrumentation

title: Instrumentation

text: Instrumentation is the science of measuring and controlling variables. Variables are anything that can affect or change other things. Instrumentation can be used to make processes faster or more efficient, meaning they use less effort, energy or money to produce the same results. The word instrumentation may also mean the machines made to measure and control things. The science of instrumentation involves figuring out the best way to measure or control something, building the machine or tools, and checking if the results are good and true. It may also include setting up and using the machine or tools.


knock

title: Knock

text: Knock is a village in Cumbria, England. It is north of Appleby-in-Westmorland.

isa: village


larynx

title: Larynx

text: The larynx (plural larynges), also known as the voice box, is an organ in the neck of humans and animals. It helps to protect the wind pipe by stopping it from inhaling food. It also helps with breathing and making sounds. The larynx houses the vocal cords.

isa: organ


lasagna

title: Lasagna

text: Lasagna ( , also , ; plural lasagne, ) are a type of wide, flat pasta. Dishes made with this kind of pasta are sometimes also called lasagna. The most famous lasagna dish is an Italian dish called lasagne alla bolognese. Most lasagna dishes are made of stacked layers of this flat pasta alternating with fillings such as ragù (a meat sauce or tomato sauce) and other vegetables, cheese (which may include ricotta and parmesan), and seasonings and spices such as garlic, oregano and basil.


latency

title: Latency

text: In engineering, latency is the name for the time period that needs to be waited to see a result.


lettuce

title: Lettuce

text: Lettuce is a vegetable as well as an annual plant. Both the stems and the leaves can be eaten. It is of the Asteraceae family.

isa: annual


lion

title: Lion

text: The lion (Panthera leo) is a large mammal of the Felidae (cat) family. Some large males weigh over . Today, wild lions live in sub-Saharan Africa and western India. Lions are adapted for life in grasslands and mixed areas with trees and grass. The relatively small females are fast runners over short distances, and coordinate their hunting of herd animals. Lions have disappeared from North Africa and southwest Asia in historic times. Until the late Pleistocene,which is about 10,000 years ago, the lion was the most widespread large land mammal after humans. They were found in most of Africa, across Eurasia from western Europe to India, and in the Americas from the Yukon to Peru. The lion is now a vulnerable species. There was a decline in its African range of 30–50% over two decades in the second half of the 20th century. Habitat loss and conflicts with humans are the greatest causes of concern. Lions are often called the "king of the beasts". They are used as symbols representing courage. They appear in heraldry more often than any other animal. They are an icon of courage and royalty. Lions live for 10 to 14 years in the wild. When they are captured, they can live longer than 20 years. In the wild, males do not usually live longer than 10 years. This is because wounds from fighting other males make their lives shorter. They usually live in savanna and grassland. These areas do have bushes and trees, but lions are mainly adapted to catch prey in grasslands. Compared to other cats, lions are social. A group of lions is called a pride. In a pride of lions, there are related females, their young, and one or two adult males. Groups of female lions often hunt together. Lions are carnivores and scavengers. They are also apex predators. Lions feed ungulates on small feed Thomson's gazelle, warthogs, blue wildebeests, plains zebra, African buffalos, common elands. Lions scavenge animals either dead from natural causes (disease) or killed by other predators. They keep a constant lookout for circling vultures, because this means there is a dead or injured animal close by.


manifold

title: Manifold

text: A manifold is a concept from mathematics. Making a manifold is like making a flat map of a sphere (the Earth). The Earth is a sphere, a three dimensional object of geometry. Yet, maps (two-dimensional representations) can be made of the Earth. At the edges of a certain map, the map needs to be changed. That way it is possible to make a two dimensional image of the whole surface of the Earth. There need to be rules, on how to change the maps, and some areas (near the edges of the map) will be on more than one map. It is not possible to make one map only, which would have no edges. This map would either have edges (and overlapping areas), or there would be some places where the paper was torn. Tearing and overlapping isn't allowed. Other shapes can be manifolds too. For example, a hyperbolic plane is a shape that looks like a saddle or leaf of lettuce. If you try to press it down onto a piece of paper, it will have wrinkles, and it will go on forever past the edges of the paper. But you can make a map of part of it by squishing the edges, just like with the Earth you can make a map by taking part of it and stretching the edges. Each manifold has a dimension. This is the number of dimensions of the maps, in the example above. It is the same for all maps.


melon

title: Melon

text: A melon is any kind of edible, fleshy fruit in the Cucurbitaceae family. Many different cultivars have been produced, especially of muskmelons. Botanically speaking, the melon is a fruit, but some kinds are often considered vegetables. Most melons belong to the genus Cucumis, but there are also some that belong to Benincasa, Citrullus and Momordica. The muskmelon belongs to Cucumis, while the watermelon belongs to Citrullus. The word melon comes from the Latin , which itself comes from the Greek ( ).


mustard

title: Culinary mustard

text: Culinary mustard is a condiment people use when making food. It comes from the seeds of the mustard plant.


neighbor

title: Neighbour

text: A Neighbour (or neighbor in American English) is a person who lives nearby, normally in a house or apartment that is next door or, in the case of houses, across the street. Some people form friendships with their neighbours, and help them by sharing their tools and helping with gardening tasks. Other people become frustrated with their neighbours, if the neighbour makes a lot of noise or a mess A group of people living close together in a small community is called a neighbourhood. Some neighbourhoods have many community organizations, where people volunteer and do charitable activities. Other neighbourhoods in poor communities may have no community organizations, and there may be many problems in the community, such as illegal drugs, prostitution, and homelessness.

isa: person


onion

title: Onion

text: Onions are plants in the genus, Allium. They are eaten as vegetables. Most species of onions have bulbs that people can eat. They have a strong flavour and a very distinctive smell. Onions have been grown for a long time. They were probably first grown in Ancient Egypt, together with leek and garlic, but maybe earlier. Now, most of the world's cultures eat onions.


peroxide

title: Peroxide

text: Peroxide is an ion. Its chemical formula is . Peroxide can be a reducing agent or an oxidizing agent. More often it is an oxidizing agent. It can be reduced to oxide or oxidized to oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide is the most common peroxide. Barium peroxide is another peroxide. There are organic peroxides. These are chemical compounds where peroxide is attached to an organic molecule. Some of them are explosives.


rave

title: Rave

text: A rave is a large party or festival with disc jockeys playing electronic music. Music played at raves include house, trance, techno, drum and bass, dubstep and other forms of electronic dance music (EDM). There is a lot of dancing. Raves also have laser light shows, projected images and other visual effects used to create a fantasy-like scene. Raves mostly developed from acid house music parties in the mid-to-late 1980s in England and Ibiza. From there, it quickly spread to mainland Europe and the United States. Raves are usually organised and promoted by event companies. Some of the early companies promoting raves in England during the 1990s were Fantazia and Helter Skelter. Another was ESP Promotions, which held a series of raves named Dreamscape. In London, there were a few large clubs that held raves on a regular basis.


relish

title: Relish

text: A relish is a cooked, chopped, or pickled vegetable or fruit.


rial

title: Iranian rial

text: The rial (IRR) is the name of Iran's currency. It was first started in 1798. One toman equals 10 rials. The toman (تومان tumân) is no longer an official unit of Iranian currency, but Iranians usually quote money and prices of goods in tomans. For this purpose, one toman equals 10 rials.


route

title: Road number

text: A road number is usually given to a portion of public roadway. The chosen number often depends on the type of road. The numbers will be different if the road is an interstate, a motorway, an arterial thoroughfare, a two-lane road, and so forth.


rubber

title: Eraser

text: Erasers, also called rubbers, are tools made from rubber or vinyl and are used to get rid of marks made from pencils, or some types of pens. Some erasers may be attached to a pencil, while others can be temporarily removed and then added. Erasers can be used by rubbing the pencil/pen mark and it will slowly clear away. All erasers will produce some dust called debris. There are some erasers which are very soft and can erase easily. Pink erasers are often used for normal papers, while blue erasers are for thick papers. White erasers can be used for all papers.

isa: tool


sacrum

title: Sacrum

text: In humans, the sacrum is a large, triangular bone. It is at the bottom of the spine and the upper and back part of the pelvis. It fits like a wedge between the two hip bones. Its upper part connects with the last lumbar vertebra, and bottom part with the coccyx (tailbone). During the first half of life these bones gradually fuse together. The sacrum is concave facing forward, and tilted forward. The sacrum connects with four bones: * the last lumbar vertebra above * the coccyx (tailbone) below * the illium portion of the hip bone on either side


scream

title: The Scream

text: The Scream is Edvard Munch's most famous painting. It is an example of modern art. The picture shows an imaginary creature with its mouth and eyes open. Munch got the idea for the painting when he was walking with friends. It was sunset and the sky was red, like the color of blood. Munch heard a sound in his ears, like the sound of nature screaming. The painting was made with oil, tempera and pastel on cardboard. The size of the painting is 91 x 73.5 cm (35 7/8 x 29"). The painting is in the Nasjonalgalleriet (National Gallery) in Oslo, Norway. From 1893 to 1910, Munch made four paintings of “The Scream”. Three of the paintings are in Norwegian museums. The fourth painting has a private owner. In 1994, thieves stole the painting from the Norwegian National Gallery. Three months later, the painting was found. The value of the painting is about $55 million.


shire

title: Shire

text: A shire is an old term for a county in England. It is a kind of local government.


shoulder

title: Shoulder

text: The human shoulder is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as muscles, ligaments and tendons. The articulations (surfaces) between the bones of the shoulder make up the shoulder joints. The shoulder joint is the part of the body where the humerus attaches to the scapula, the head sitting in the glenoid fossa. The shoulder as a whole is the complete group of structures in the region of the joint. There are two kinds of cartilage in the joint. The first type is the white cartilage on the ends of the bones (called articular cartilage) which allows the bones to glide and move on each other. When this type of cartilage starts to wear out (a process called arthritis), the joint becomes painful and stiff. The labrum is a second kind of cartilage in the shoulder which is distinctly different from the articular cartilage. This cartilage is more fibrous or rigid than the cartilage on the ends of the ball and socket. Also, this cartilage is also found only around the socket where it is attached. The shoulder must be mobile enough for the wide range actions of the arms and hands, but also stable enough to allow for actions such as lifting, pushing and pulling. The compromise between mobility and stability results in many shoulder problems not faced by other joints such as the hip.


social

title: Society

text: Society is the term to describe human beings together as a collective entity – the sum of their social networks and social interactions.


suspect

title: Suspect

text: A suspect is a person believed to have done something wrong, committed a crime or caused something bad to happen. In criminal law a person who is under suspicion or under investigation by law enforcement is considered a suspect. A prime suspect is believed by police to be the suspect who most probably committed a crime. A formal suspect may be arrested when the facts and circumstances would lead a reasonable person to believe a suspect may have committed a crime or is about to. In common law countries a suspect may have a defense attorney present while being questioned. The attorney may advise his or her client (the suspect) how to answer questions. Once a suspect is charged with a crime he or she becomes a defendant.


target

title: Targets

text: Targets is a 1968 American crime thriller movie directed by Peter Bogdanovich (who also stars) and also starring Tim O'Kelly, Boris Karloff, Monte Landis, James Brown, Sandy Baron, Mike Farrell, Nancy Hsueh. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.


tax

title: Tax

text: Tax is money that people have to pay to the government. The government uses the money it gets from taxes to pay for things. For example, taxes are used to pay for people who work for the government, such as the military and police, provide services such as education and health care, and to maintain or build things like roads, bridges and sewers. The earliest known taxes were those of the Egyptian Old Kingdom.


tiger

title: Tiger

text: The tiger (Panthera tigris) is the largest living member of the cat family, the Felidae. It feeds by hunting, and it lives in Asia. Tigers are solitary animals.


tract

title: Tract

text: A tract, is a short literary work that is written to convince somebody of an idea or belief.

isa: work


transparency

title: Transparency

text: In optics, transparency is the property of allowing light to pass through something. An object that is transparent can be seen through. The image you see through a transparent object is similar to the image you see without it. However, the object may be changed if the transparent object behaves like a lens or like an optical filter; this could change the size, shape, or color of the image. The opposite of transparency is opacity. Some animals are transparent, so predators cannot see them so easily. An example of a transparent animal is the jellyfish. Transparency works better in places with a small amount of light than in places with lots of light.

isa: property


univalve

title: Gastropoda

text: Gastropods, or univalves, are the largest and most successful class of molluscs, with 60,000–75,000 known living species. Most are marine, but many live in freshwater or on land. Their fossil record goes back to the later Cambrian period. Slugs and snails, abalones, limpets, cowries, conches, top shells, whelks, and sea slugs are all gastropods. The gastropods are in origin sea-floor predators, though they did evolve into many other habitats. Many lines living today evolved in the Mesozoic era, taking advantage of the huge supply of food on the sea floor's continental shelves.


visor

title: Visor

text: A visor can be * The bill of a baseball cap or similar hat. * A ball cap without the crown. * An opaque panel mounted over the windshield of an automobile or other vehicle that the driver or front seat passenger can adjust to block direct sunlight. * Green eyeshade - a green tinted visor commonly associated with old fashioned accountants, telegraphers and copy editors formerly to lessen eye strain.