ackee

title: Ackee

text: The ackee, (Blighia sapida) is a fruit. It is related to the lychee and the longan. It is native to tropical West Africa. The scientific name honours Captain William Bligh who took the fruit from Jamaica to Kew Gardens, England in 1793. The fruit was imported to Jamaica from West Africa before 1778. Since then it has become a feature of various Caribbean cuisines, and is cultivated elsewhere in the world.

isa: fruit


agaric

title: Amanita

text: The genus Amanita contains a species of basidiomycete mushrooms, including some of the most toxic known. It is found worldwide. This genus is responsible for approximately 95% of the fatalities resulting from mushroom poisoning, with the death cap accounting for about 50% on its own. The most potent toxin present in these mushrooms is amanitin, of which at least eight versions are known.


agreement

title: Agreement

text: An agreement is writing down a promise made. Agreements are common in law and business. For example, when a person takes out a loan or hires someone to work, an agreement is usually signed so that everyone understands what and when things must be done.


airline

title: Airline

text: An airline is a company that transports people and items using airliners. An airline may have as few as one airplane or a fleet of hundreds. Most airlines offer regular flights between a group of airports. Ocean liner s formerly carried many people across oceans, but during the 20th century airliners came to carry more. An airline has many costs to establish and maintain air services: labor, fuel, airplanes, engines, spares and parts, IT services and networks, airport equipment, airport handling services, booking commissions, advertising, catering, training, aviation insurance and other costs.

isa: company


allegro

title: Allegro

text: Allegro is a tempo marking for classical music. It says that the music is to be played moderately fast. At first, it was also used to describe the character of a piece, but since the 18th century, it is mainly used for the speed. It is faster than Andante, but slower than Presto. Sometimes, the term is translated: Composers such as Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel used the word vite, Gustav Mahler wrote Rasch, and Benjamin Britten wrote Quickly. Most people say that piece that is played allegro should generally be played at speeds of between 120 and 168 beats per minute. Sometimes Allegro is used in the title of musical pieces, for example the Allegro barbaro by Bela Bartok.

isa: marking


amethyst

title: Amethyst

text: An amethyst is a mineral gemstone that comes from quartz. It is usually transparent and best known for its violet colour. Even though it is a form of quartz, it has more iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) than any other kind of quartz. Because of this, some experts think that its color comes from the iron in it. Heating the amethyst either takes away its color or changes it to a yellow hue. Amethysts are found in Brazil, Uruguay, Canada (Ontario) and America (North Carolina). The rock amethyst is the birthstone of the month February. In the Mohs scale, it has a hardness of seven.


anime

title: Anime

text: Anime (アニメ) is Japanese for 'animation'. In Japan, anime is the word used for all animation. Outside of Japan, the term anime refers to Japanese animation, which this article is about. Some anime is drawn by hand, but anime can also be made with CGI computer animation. There are many types of anime; you can find anime about sports, magic, or romance. These are just some examples. Anime are shown on television, on DVD, VHS, and the Internet, and are used in video games. Also, some animes are just movies, but they have anime characters and animation instead of real people and places. Anime is often based on Japanese comics that are called manga and graphic novels. Sometimes live action (not animation) movies and television series are based on anime. Over the years, anime has evolved both in terms of artistic techniques and storytelling. From traditional hand-drawn animation to the advent of computer-generated imagery (CGI), anime has embraced technological advancements to enhance its visual appeal. This evolution has broadened the scope of storytelling and allowed for more immersive and visually stunning experiences. The history of anime begins around 1900, when Japanese filmmakers tried out ways of animation at the same time as the United States, Russia, Germany and France. The filmmakers in Japan did not have a lot of money to make their movies and not a lot of places where they could film their movies. The people that the filmmakers could use as actors in their movies was also a problem for making Japanese movies. Japanese people look different from people in other places in the world (e.g. if the movie's theme were about Vikings, Ancient Rome or the Black Death pandemic in Medieval Europe), and it was hard for filmmakers to make a movie about places other than Japan with Japanese actors. Movie makers liked animation because then they could have animator draw other places and people that could not be filmed in a normal movie, and the animators could be very creative with the cartoons they made. During the 1970s, more and more people started to like manga. At the same time, manga were used as the starting point to make anime with the same characters and stories. Animators would take the drawings done by a manga artist and the stories the manga artist wrote, and turn them into the stories and characters of a similar anime. At that time Osamu Tezuka became very popular. Now he is called a "legend" and the "god of manga".


automaton

title: Automaton

text: An automaton (one automaton, several automata), otherwise known as simply an auton, is a concept from mathematics. Sometimes the concept is called state machine. It is like an abstract machine. Such a machine can be given input, which is either rejected, or accepted. It's like a vending machine. When something is bought, coins (or money) needs to be inserted into the machine. If these are the right coins, they are accepted, and the requested item is dropped so it can be removed. If the coins are wrong, they are rejected. Internally, the automaton has different states it can be in. Feeding it input may (or may not) change its state. That way, the automaton goes through all the input, consuming one item (which mathematicians call a symbol) at a time. When no symbol is left, the automaton is in a certain state. This may be an final state. In this case the input is accepted. Otherwise, the input is rejected. If the machine has a countable, finite number of states, it is called finite state machine. A diagram that shows all the states, and transitions of such a machine is called finite state diagram.


boy

title: Boy

text: A boy is a young male human, either a child or teenager. Little boys still have the body of a child. It is not until they reach puberty (adolescence) that their bodies start to mature and they become a man. The word "boy" was used a long time ago in Anglo-Saxon English. The opposite of a boy is a girl.

isa: human


broom

title: Broom

text: A broom is a cleaning tool. It consists of stiff fibres attached to, and roughly parallel to, a cylindrical handle, the broomstick. In the context of witchcraft, "broomstick" is likely to refer to the broom as a whole. A smaller whisk broom or brush is sometimes called a duster.

isa: tool


catapult

title: Catapult

text: A catapult is a type of machine used as a weapon to throw rocks, large arrows, or other things such as hot tar, that would cause damage to something else. Often, catapults were set on higher ground or on castle towers to let them shoot farther. They shot rocks to break castle walls, or pitch or hot tar to set the target on fire. Catapults use weights and levers to send the rocks or other things into the air. They do not throw as far as modern weapons do, and are not useful in modern warfare. Catapults were common in the past, especially the Middle Ages. Nowadays catapults are used to study old weapons, and as experiments (for example in physics or engineering classes). Some old ones are kept in museums. Aircraft carriers use much more powerful steam catapults to throw airplanes into the air.

isa: machine


cedar

title: Cedar

text: Cedar (scientific name Cedrus) is a genus of cone-bearing trees in the plant family Pinaceae. They are native to the Mediterranean region. Cedars are trees up to (occasionally ) tall. They have spicy-scented wood, thick ridged or square-cracked bark, and broad, level branches. The shoots are of two kinds, long shoots, which form the framework of the branches, and short shoots, which carry most of the leaves. The leaves are evergreen and needle-like, 8–60 mm long, arranged in an open spiral on long shoots, and in dense spiral clusters of 15–45 together on short shoots; they vary from light grass-green to dark green to strongly glaucous pale blue-green, depending on the thickness of the white wax layer which protects the leaves from drying out. The female seed cones are barrel-shaped, 6–12 cm long and 3–8 cm broad, green at first, then maturing grey-brown, and, as in Abies, disintegrate when mature to release the winged seeds. The seeds are 10–15 mm long, with a 20–30 mm wing; as in Abies, the seeds have 2–3 blisters, containing an unpleasant-tasting resin, thought to be a defence against squirrels eating them. Cones take one year to mature, with pollination in autumn and the seeds maturing the same time a year later. The male pollen cones are slender, egg-shaped, 3–8 cm long, produced in late summer and shedding pollen in autumn.

isa: tree


chimney

title: Chimney

text: A chimney is a structure used to ventilate hot flue gases or smoke from a boiler, stove, furnace or fireplace to the outside atmosphere. Most chimneys are vertical, or almost vertical, to make sure that the gases flow easily, drawing air into the combustion in what is known as the stack, or chimney, effect. The space inside a chimney is called a flue. Chimneys may be found in buildings, steam locomotives and ships. In the United States, the term smokestack is also used when talking about locomotive chimneys or ship chimneys, the word funnel can be used too. The Height of a chimney is really important, when higher, chimney's dispersion of pollutants will not cause too much influence on surrounding areas. Tall chimneys also allow chemicals to self-neutralize in the air before they reach the ground.

isa: structure


cocoon

title: Cocoon

text: A cocoon is a shell made of silk by most kinds of moth caterpillars and other insect larvae. Some butterfly larvae (in the family Hesperiidae and subfamilies Parnassiinae and Satyrinae) do spin cocoons. However, most butterfly pupae are called chrysalids. Some caterpillars attach small twigs or pieces of vegetation to the outside of their cocoon to hide it from predators. Others spin their cocoon in a hidden place. Examples would be on the underside of a leaf, in a crevice, or down near the base of a tree trunk. Silkworm cocoons are processed and used to produce natural silk for clothing.

isa: shell


condo

title: Condominium

text: A condominium (or condo) is a building complex containing a number of individually owned apartments with shared facilities. In the United States and in Canada a condominium is a collection of apartment units, townhouses, garden homes or single homes that share common property together. In British Columbia condominiums are referred to as stratas. By owning a unit in a condominium, a person has access to the common facilities. The shared use of these facilities is legally guaranteed as part of the property; they share ownership of these areas. Such facilities may include hallways, a heating system, elevators, gardens, and recreational facilities.


conscience

title: Conscience

text: Conscience is something that tells people if what they are doing is right or wrong. Having it can make people sad about what they have done. It is the sense of the moral goodness or blameworthiness of one's own conduct, intentions, or character together with a feeling of obligation to do right or be good.


darter

title: Darter

text: The darters, anhingas, or snakebirds is a family of aquatic birds which resemble pelicans. They mainly occur in the tropics. There are four living species. Three of the species are common, the fourth is rarer, and listed as near-threatened by the IUCN. The term snakebird is used for any of these species: They have a long thin neck. When they swim, only the head and neck are visible. This looks like a snake. Darter is a term that refers to they way these birds catch fish: They impale the fish with their beak. The American darter is sometimes called anhinga. Sometimes it is called water turkey, even though it is unrelated to the turkey.

isa: bird


debate

title: Debate

text: Debate or debating is a method of argument. Disputes and conflicts may be settled by debate. It is a larger form of argument than logical argument, because in a debate, the debaters try to influence the feelings of the audience, in order to persuade them on a topic. The subject or issue of the debate is the question on which the participants debate. An issue or debate always has two sides or positions. Informal debates like discussion are very common, but the quality of a debate improves with knowledge and skill of its participants as debaters. Deliberative bodies such as parliaments, legislative assemblies, and meetings of all sorts have debates. The winner of a debate may be decided by the audience's vote, by judges, or by both. Formal debates between candidates for an elected office are common in places where leaders of countries are chosen by the people. The most well-known of these debates are between candidates for the President and Vice President of the United States, and leaders debates between leaders of parties in Parliament in countries like Great Britain and Canada.

isa: method


diamond

title: Diamond

text: A diamond (from the ancient Greek αδάμας – adámas "unbreakable") is a mineral made out of carbon atoms. Diamonds have the highest hardness of any bulk (all one type) material. Because of this, many important industries use diamonds as tools for cutting and polishing things. Many of them are clear, but some of them have colors, like yellow, red, blue, green and pink. Diamonds of a different color are called "fancies". Big diamonds are very rare, and are worth a lot of money. Only 20% of diamonds are fit for jewellery. The other 80% are of lower quality. Those lower quality diamonds are called industrial diamonds, and are used to make things like drill bits and diamond saws. Even if a diamond is not of gem quality, it still has a value because It is very hard. Cut and faceted diamonds can be attractive hence their use in jewellery. Diamonds are very effective electrical insulators, but also very good conductors of heat. On Mohs scale of mineral hardness, diamonds are scored as 10 (the highest score possible).


discus

title: Discus throw

text: The discus throw is an event in athletics, where a heavy disc is thrown for distance. It was invented in 708 BC in Ancient Greece. The goal is to throw the discus farther than your opponents. The discus throw is the subject of a number of well-known ancient Greek statues and Roman copies of them. US thrower Al Oerter is one of only two athletes to win the same individual event at four consecutive Olympic Games.

isa: event


dogfight

title: Dogfight

text: A dogfight is a close air fight between fighter planes. It often involves turning, climbing, and swirling. Dogfights started during World War I when the fighter planes did not have many weapons. The first aerial dogfight occurred during the Battle of Cer (15–24 August 1914), when Serbian aviator Miodrag Tomić encountered an Austro-Hungarian plane while performing a reconnaissance mission over Austro-Hungarian positions. The Austro-Hungarian pilot initially waved, and Tomić waved back. The Austro-Hungarian pilot then fired at Tomić with his revolver. Tomić produced a pistol of his own and fired back. Tomić managed to escape, and within several weeks, all Serbian and Austro-Hungarian planes were fitted with machine-guns. Modern weapons such as homing missiles did not exist in that time, and planes could only fight each other with machine guns. Since the machine guns were only useful at close range, the planes had to fly very close together to have combat. Pilots had to fly with many maneuvers to try to not be shot, and be able to shoot the enemy planes. This new type of flying was named dogfighting. Fighter planes made just for this type of flying were sometimes called dogfighters. During World War II many had autocannons firing small, explosive artillery shells. They kept farther apart so they would not be destroyed quickly. In modern air combat, there are many long range weapons that can be used before dogfighting. Homing missiles can be fired much further away from the target than machine guns, and will automatically try to follow the target. These types of weapons make dogfighting less common, but modern planes still have Gatling guns, which are more advanced kinds of machine guns. This is because dogfighting still happens sometimes.


drain

title: Drain

text: A drain is found in the ground and lets water go through (usually rainwater) to avoid the street or farmland getting flooded.


duchy

title: Duchy

text: A duchy is a territory or domain ruled by a duke or duchess. Historically, some duchies in Continental Europe were sovereign, while others (especially in France and Britain) were subordinate districts of a kingdom. Traditionally, a grand duchy, such as Luxembourg, was generally independent and sovereign. Sovereign duchies were common in the Holy Roman Empire and German-speaking areas. In France, a number of duchies existed in the medieval period. King Charles III of the United Kingdom still holds the medieval French title of Duke of Normandy; the only lands still attached to the Duchy of Normandy are the Channel Islands. In medieval England, the territories of Lancashire and Cornwall were made duchies, with certain powers given to their Dukes. Today, duchies aren't very common in Europe, primarily because a lot of former monarchies such as France and Russia had their revolutions. However, duchies will always be remembered - in our history textbooks.

isa: territory


elongation

title: Elongation

text: Elongation is an astronomical term that describes the angle between the Sun and a planet, as viewed from Earth. When an inferior planet (Mercury or Venus) is visible after sunset, it is near its greatest eastern elongation. When an inferior planet is visible before sunrise, it is near its greatest western elongation. The value of the greatest elongation (west or east), for Mercury, is between 18° and 28°; and for Venus between 45° and 47°. This value varies because the orbits of the planets are elliptical, rather than perfect circles.


episode

title: Episode

text: An episode is a singular part of a story, radio or television program. Episodes often follow in an order. They are often 20 to 40 minutes long, and follow the same storyline.

isa: story


favor

title: The Favor

text: The Favor is a 1994 romantic-comedy movie. It is about friendship betrayals and heartbreak. The Favor was shot in 1990, although not released until late April-early May in 1994. Elizabeth McGovern and Brad Pitt are part of the cast. The reviews of the movie were not good.


fondness

title: Affection

text: Affection or fondness is an act or feeling of love or friendship. Reactions to affection can be different ranging from happiness, embarrassment, disgust, and annoyance. It also has a different physical effect on the giver and the receiver.

isa: act


glans

title: Glans

text: The glans (Latin for "acorn") is a vascular structure on the tip of the penis in men or a homologous genital structure of the clitoris in women.


glide

title: Glider

text: Gliders are aircraft which do not have a motor. Gliders are controlled by their pilots by using control-sticks. Some gliders can only carry one person; others can carry two. In gliders with two seats, each pilot has a control-stick. Gliders always have seats for the pilots. 'Sailplanes' are gliders with long wings so that they will only lose height slowly. In some places a vertical draft makes the air go up faster than the glider is going down. The pilot of a glider can make it climb by flying to these places. This is called soaring. Good pilots can travel long distances by always finding rising air. Some pilots race each other over hundreds of kilometres each day. Other pilots just fly for fun. Gliders cannot get into the air by themselves. They are pulled into the air by an aircraft with a motor or they are pulled up by motor on the ground. There are two other types of gliders. Hang-gliders have frames to give the wings their shape, but do not have seats for their pilots and do not have control-sticks. The wings of paragliders are like parachutes and so do not have frames to give them their shape. These other two types of glider are often launched from the tops of hills or cliffs. The weight of a microlift glider, can be as low as 54 kg (119 lb).


gourd

title: Gourd

text: Gourds are from the pumpkin family. They are about 15 to 12 inches long. Gourds are mostly found in the United States or in Mexico. Their shape is like a squash. Their color is orange, brown, or green. It is eaten in curries, spaghetti, tacos, and salad.


grant

title: The Grant

text: The Grant (formerly One Museum Park West) is the companion structure to One Museum Park in the Near South Side community area (neighborhood) in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It is located at the north end of the Central Station development. It stands at 181 metres (594 ft).


hajji

title: Hajji

text: Hajji ( ) (sometimes spelled Hadji, Haji, Alhaji, Al hage, Al-hajj or El-Hajj) is an honor title which is given to a Muslim who has successfully completed the Hajj to Mecca. It is also often used to call an elder, since it can take years to get enough the wealth to fund the travel and in many Muslim societies to a respected man as an honorific title.

isa: title


hallucination

title: Hallucination

text: A hallucination is seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling or feeling things that do not really exist. Usually, people have to be awake and conscious to have hallucinations. That way, a person who sees or hears something that is not really there has a hallucination. Hallucinations are different from dreams. When people dream, they are not awake. Hallucinations are also different from illusions. Illusions are based on real perceptions, which are distorted or interpreted in a wrong way. Certain drugs can cause hallucinations. Some illegal drugs are taken because they cause hallucinations. Certain mental illnesses can also cause hallucinations. In some cases, withdrawal of a drug can also cause hallucinations. This has especially been reported by people trying to stop taking sleeping pills, or by alcoholics. People who have hallucinations are not necessarily ill, lack of sleep can also cause hallucinations. Hallucinations just before going to sleep or just after waking up are considered normal.


hog

title: Pig

text: Pigs or domestic pigs are mammals in the genus Sus. Pigs are in the Suidae family of even-toed ungulates.


honey

title: Honey

text: Honey is a food made by honeybees from nectar. They put the honey into a honeycomb, which for them is a storage unit. Honey is sweet and can be used instead of sugar. It is a supersaturated liquid. As the temperature drops, glucose comes out of solution. Then it is a semi-solid rather than a liquid. Honey is first mentioned in the Book of Exodus, and is often linked with pleasant and comfortable things. "Land of Milk and honey". It is also referenced in the Qur'an, with similar associations to good and evil. The name honey is derived from the Old English 'huniġ'. Much like wine, there are several kinds of honey with different tastes, colors and textures. Some common types are got from bees who use the clover flower's pollen. It is thick and has a medium color. It tends to form crystals or grains more quickly when exposed to air. Acacia flowers make another common variety. Honey from bees using flowers from oleanders, rhododendrons, some laurels, and azaleas may cause honey intoxication. Symptoms include dizziness, weakness, sweating, nausea, and vomiting. Expert beekeepers solve this problem by moving their hives to areas where the right flowers are available. Bees like to get their nectar locally, and do not go more than two miles from the hive. Honey tastes quite different according to which flowers the bees used. Key things are its smell, taste and how clear it is; also no bad qualities. Most microorganisms cannot grow in honey and a honey that's packed therefore does not get spoiled. Samples of honey discovered in archaeological contexts in Egypt and some other countries have proven that honey is perfectly edible even after thousands of years. Some of the worlds oldest jars of honey have been found in ancient egyptian tombs.

isa: food


hound

title: Hunting dog

text: A hunting dog is any dog who helps humans in hunting. There are several types of hunting dogs. The major categories of hunting dog include hounds, terriers, cur type dogs, and gun dogs. These categories have smaller groups in them that are based on different things the dogs are good at doing.


hulk

title: Hulk

text: The Hulk is a popular fictional superhero character created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. His real name is Dr. Robert Bruce Banner, a brilliant scientist who transforms into the Hulk—a massive, green-skinned, super-strong creature—whenever he experiences intense anger or stress.


human

title: Human

text: A human is a member of the species Homo sapiens, which means 'wise man' in Latin. Carolus Linnaeus put humans in the mammalian order of primates. Humans are a species of hominid, and chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans are their closest living relatives. Humans are mammals. They are also social animals, and usually live in groups. They help and protect each other. They care for their children for many years until they can do so for themselves. Humans are bipedal, which means they walk on two legs. Humans have complex brains, which is much larger than that of other living apes. They use language, make ideas, and feel emotions. This brain, and the fact that arms are not needed for walking, lets humans use tools. Humans use tools far more than any other species. Their tools can range from simple sticks as weapons, to very advanced projectile weapons, such as guns. Humans first evolved in Africa. They soon spread out across the world, and began living on every continent. As of 2023, there were over 8.1 billion living on Earth.


hummus

title: Hummus

text: Hummus or houmous full Arabic name: ḥummuṣ bi-ṭ-ṭaḥīna , meaning 'chickpeas with tahini' is an Arab dip. Several ethnicities in the Mediterranean, including Greek people, have traditionally eaten hummus, which may have originated in Egypt. . The dish then spread across The Levant and North Africa. It is high in nutrients, for instance protein, iron, vitamin C and B 6 , and dietary fiber. Hummus is often eaten with pita. When hummus is served with bread the proteins of the hummus and of the bread go well together, creating a delicious taste. It has become popular in the Middle East and many other countries. It is considered a health food.


khaki

title: Khaki

text: Khaki is a color, a yellowish light shade of brown.


knife

title: Knife

text: A knife is a metal tool with a sharpened metal blade that is used to cut all sorts of things. The plural form of "knife" is "knives." Knives can serve various purposes. Hunters use a hunting knife, soldiers use the combat knife, scouts, campers, and hikers carry a pocketknife; there are kitchen knives for preparing foods, table knives, weapons, knives for throwing or juggling, and knives for religious ceremony or display. Archaeologists have discovered sharp-edged tools as ancient as 2.6 million years old. Sharp stone tools became more advanced in design during the late Lithic periods, and a variety of techniques was used to produce such ‘knives’ in the Neolithic era. The copper and bronze ages followed, and of course brought tremendous changes to the ‘sharp-edge’ technology. These new metal tools were much more durable than stone ones, and hence mining and metal-processing became an important activity.


leek

title: Leek

text: A leek is a vegetable. It belongs to the genus Allium. This is the same genus as onion and garlic. Leeks can be used for cooking. They are usually tall and skinny with a cylinder-like body. Leeks take around 100 to 120 days to grow. They are mainly harvested in Europe and Asia. They are planted in deep holes to protect them from sun. The soil must be fertile, and it must allow water to travel without creating puddles or draining too quickly.

isa: vegetable


manor

title: Manorialism

text: The European economy in the Middle Ages was based on the idea of manorialism (seigneurialism). The medieval economy relied mainly on agriculture. Manorialism describes how land was distributed and who profited from the land.


marvel

title: The Marvels

text: The Marvels is a 2023 American superhero movie. It is based on Marvel Comics. The movie features the characters Carol Danvers (Captain Marvel), Kamala Khan (Ms. Marvel), and Monica Rambeau. It was produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The movie is the sequel to Captain Marvel (2019) and the continuation of the Disney+ series Ms. Marvel (2022). It is the 31st movie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The movie was directed by Nia DaCosta. The screenplay was written by Megan McDonnell. It stars Brie Larson as Carol Danvers, Iman Vellani as Kamala Khan and Teyonah Parris as Monica Rambeau. Marvel Studios said they were making a sequel to Captain Marvel in July 2019. They said that development began in January 2020 with Larson set to return. DaCosta was hired that August. Vellani and Parris were said to be cast in December. Filming began in mid-April 2021 in New Jersey. Principal photography began in August 2021. It took place at Pinewood Studios in Buckinghamshire as well as in Tropea, Italy and Los Angeles. The Marvels was released in the United States on November 10, 2023, as part of Phase Five of the MCU. The Marvels was the final Marvel movie released on home video by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment before Disney switched it's home video business to Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.


mate

title: Sexual reproduction

text: Sexual reproduction is how most animals and plants reproduce. Some protists and fungi also reproduce this way. Organisms that reproduce sexually have two different sexes: male and female. In sexual reproduction, offspring are produced when sperms fertilise eggs from the female. Various steps are involved in this process.

isa: animal


moon

title: Moon

text: The Moon, also known as Luna, is Earth's only natural satellite (the only object which orbits the Earth and is not man-made). It is usually visible in the night sky, but is sometimes seen during the day. The Moon is about one-fourth of the width of Earth. Because it is so far away it looks small in the sky, about half a degree wide. The gravity on the Moon is one-sixth of the Earth's gravity. It means that an object will be one-sixth as heavy on the Moon compared to Earth. The Moon is a rocky and dusty place. It moves slowly away from the Earth at a rate of 3.8 centimeters per year due to the effect of tidal dissipation. Some other planets also have moons or natural satellites. The giant impact hypothesis is a common explanation for how the Moon formed.


paprika

title: Paprika

text: Paprika is a spice made from the grinding of dried sweet red bell peppers. The word comes from a Hungarian word meaning "pepper". In many non-English speaking European countries, the word paprika also refers to bell peppers themselves. The seasoning is used in many cuisines to add color and flavor to cooked foods.

isa: spice


poker

title: Poker

text: Poker is a game which people play with a normal set (or deck) of 52 cards. Poker is a gambling game which involves some luck, but also some skill. In poker, players make bets against each other depending on the value of their poker hand. Bets are usually made with plastic or ceramic discs called chips. Bets may also be made with coins or cash, but chips are more often used because they are easier to handle and count. At the end of the game, players may swap their chips for money. If the players are not playing for real money, the chips are counted at the end of the game to determine the order of winners. There are many different kinds of poker. In draw poker, each player is dealt five cards. A player can decide to throw away a number of these cards and then take (draw) new cards to replace them. In stud poker (for example, seven-card stud), some of each player's cards are laid (face-up) on the table so that the other players can see them. In community card poker (for example, Texas hold 'em), players share some of their cards in the center of the table.

isa: game


precedent

title: Legal precedent

text: In common law legal systems, a precedent or authority is a legal case that establishes a principle or rule. This principle or rule is then used by the court or other judicial bodies use when deciding later cases with similar issues or facts. The use of precedent provides predictability, stability, fairness, and efficiency in the law. The Latin term stare decisis is the doctrine of legal precedent. The precedent on an issue is the body of judicially announced principles that a court should consider when interpreting the law. When a precedent establishes an important legal principle, or represents new or changed law on a particular issue, that precedent is often known as a landmark decision. Precedent is central to legal analysis and rulings in countries that follow common law like the United Kingdom and Canada (except Quebec). In some systems precedent is not binding but is taken into account by the courts.

isa: case


printing

title: Printing

text: Printing is putting words and images on paper by mechanical means. Books and newspapers are made by printing. Usually, the images are formed by ink. The ink is put on paper in machines called printing presses. Printing is one of the technologies which has changed the world. It is an efficient way to multiply writing, so that copies may be made available to all people. Printing is therefore the continuation of writing by mechanical means.


pyxis

title: Pyxis

text: Pyxis is a constellation in the southern sky.


shovel

title: Shovel

text: A shovel is a tool used for moving loose material. Shovels have a flat bottom head which is angled slightly from the handle to enable scooping and moving of material. Although a shovel can be used for digging, it is much less efficient than a spade. Spades are straight, and transmit force straight downwards. Shovels move loose material, such as coal, snow, gravel etc. They are usually made of metal at the bottom, and wood is sometimes used for the handle.

isa: tool


skeleton

title: Skeleton

text: A skeleton is the hard structure that protects the internal organs of a living thing. Skeletons can be inside the body or outside the body. In mammals, which include humans, the skeleton is made of bones. All the bones, when they are joined together, make the "skeletal system" of a body. The skeletal system or "skeleton" is under the skin, the muscle and the tissue of the body. The skeleton supports the skin, muscle and tissue, and all the organs that are inside the body. The skeleton protects important internal organs like the brain, heart and lungs. If humans did not have a skeleton then the body would be flat, as the skeleton gives the body its frame. * Endoskeletons: Creatures that have skeletons inside their bodies are mammals, birds, reptiles and fish. A skeleton that is on the inside is called an endoskeleton * Exoskeletons: Some creatures, called arthropods, have skeletons outside their bodies. These are insects (like ants and bees), arachnids (spiders and scorpions), and crustaceans (sea creatures like crabs and lobsters). These creatures all have skeletons made of hard plates or shells. This kind of skeleton is called an exoskeleton *A new born baby has 300 bones, but as they grow up to become an adult, their bones join together and the number lowers to 206 bones


solid

title: Solid

text: Solid is one of the four common states of matter. The molecules in solids are closely bound together, so they can only vibrate. This means solids have a definite shape that only changes when a force is applied. This is different to liquids and gases which move randomly, a process called flow. Solids can resist forces applied to their surface. When a solid becomes a liquid, this is called melting. Liquids become solid by freezing. Some solids, like dry ice, can turn into gas without turning liquid first. This is called sublimation.

isa: state


stentor

title: Stentor

text: Stentor is a genus of filter-feeding ciliates. They are usually horn-shaped, and reaching lengths of 2 millimeters, they are among the biggest known unicellular organisms. They are a type of protist ciliate in the heterotrich class. The old-fashioned name for them was trumpet animalcules. The body is horn-shaped, with a ring of prominent cilia around the anterior "bell" that sweeps in food and helps swimming. Some reach several millimeters in length, making them among the largest single celled organisms. As in many freshwater protozoans, Stentor has a contractile vacuole. Because the concentration of salt inside the cell and in the surrounding freshwater is different, Stentor must store water that enters it by osmosis and then discharge it from the vacuole. They can regenerate, and small fragments can grow into full organisms. Each cell has one (often elongated) macronucleus and several micronuclei. Having two types of nuclei is charcteristic of ciliates.

isa: ciliate


stern

title: Stern

text: The stern is the rear part of a ship or boat. The stern area has always been the place near the steering apparatus (rudder, tiller, ship's wheel, etc.), and by extension became the domain of the ship's captain and other officers. In particular, the stern was the location of the officers' quarters, and during the age of sail became the most luxurious part of the ship, with rows of windows, galleries, walkways, and fine decorations. That meant that this part was rather vulnerable, and the goal of much maneuvering in battle was to achieve the stern rake, in which a ship would pour its entire broadside into the stern. Other features of the stern included lanterns and the ensign.


stump

title: Tree stump

text: The stump or tree stump is a small remaining part of the trunk with the roots still in the ground. Stumps may show the ages of a tree through its rings. The study of these rings is known as dendrochronology. Sometimes stumps are able to grow again into new trees. Sometimes a tree is cut to a stump on purpose to grow again. This is known as "coppicing".

isa: trunk


suede

title: Suede

text: Suede (pronounced ) is a kind of leather with a soft and fuzzy finish. It is often used for making jackets, shoes, fabrics, bags, furniture, and more. The word "suede" originally comes from French and means "gloves from Sweden." Suede leather is crafted from the underside of animal skin, which is smoother and more flexible than the top layer. However, it's not as tough or long-lasting. This material is great for making things feel soft and comfortable.


sugar

title: Sugar

text: Sugar is the common name for several chemical substances, some of which taste sweet. Mostly, it refers to sucrose, lactose, or fructose. Sugar is in certain kinds of food, or it is added to make it sweeter. Regular or pure sugar, or sucrose, is extracted from sugarcane or sugar beet. Brazil produces the most sugar per person and India's total consumption of sugar is the highest for a country. Fructose is the sugar that is in fruits. Sucrose and fructose are both made by two smaller sugars. Glucose is the more common of these smaller sugars. The human body changes regular sugar into the smaller sugars. Sugars are a kind of carbohydrate since it made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Sugar can be simple carbohydrates or complex carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates are made of only one or a few of the smallest sugars. Complex carbohydrates are made of many of the smallest sugars. Sugar can be different colors. For example, brown sugar has molasses in it, and is often used in baking. There are 387 calories in 100 g of sugar.


swift

text: The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) is an international communication network used by the banking and financial industries.

isa: network


tile

title: Tile

text: A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, porcelain, metal or even glass. Tiles are generally used for covering roofs, floors, and walls. They have been made for thousands of years. Tiles can be simple square tiles or arranged in complex mosaics. Tiles are most often made from ceramic, with a hard glaze finish. At the end of the 20th century, the technology of porcelain and glass tiles advanced, making them cheaper. They became more commonplace.


traffic

title: Transport

text: Transport, or transportation, is moving people or things from one place to another place. Transport can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles and operations. Infrastructure includes cableways, roads, railways, airports, canals and pipelines. The infrastructure is the network where things are carried. Infrastructure also includes airports, railway stations, bus stations and seaports (docks). Infrastructure is usually built by governments and paid for by taxes from the citizens of a country or region. Infrastructure such as roads and railways are designed by civil engineers and urban planners. Vehicles or vessels travel on the infrastructure. Vehicles include cable cars, cars, trucks, trains, spaceships and airplanes. Vehicles are usually designed by mechanical engineers. Vessels include boats, ferries, and barges which travel on canals and use docks and seaports. In the same way that trains use train stations, airplanes use airports. In the same way that trains use railway lines (train tracks), airplanes use flight paths and then fly in the sky. Operations control the system. Operations include traffic signals, railway signals and air traffic control. Operations also include the government policies (a policy is a plan of action to guide decisions and actions) and regulations (a set or group of laws and rules) used to control the system, such as tolls, fuel taxes, and traffic laws.


vehicle

title: Vehicle

text: A vehicle is a machine to move people and things. A vehicle is not alive. A horse can move people and things, but it is an animal, not a machine or a vehicle. The word vehicle is borrowed from French and Latin. French véhicule, going back to Middle French, borrowed from Medieval Latin vehiculum "medium, agent of transmission," going back to Latin, "wheeled vehicle, means of transport," from vehere "to carry, convey.

isa: machine


vellum

title: Vellum

text: Vellum is a high-quality form of parchment. Originally, it meant calf skin, but in English the term is used more widely. Like parchment, the skin is prepared to take writing in ink. It was one of the standard writing surfaces used in Europe before paper became available. It continued to be used for high-status documents. The vellum was used for single pages, scrolls, codices or books. To manufacture vellum, the skin is cleaned, then bleached, stretched on a frame called a "herse", and scraped with a knife. When vellum is scraped, it is by turns wet and dry to create tension. A final finish is got by rubbing the surface with pumice, and treating it with lime or chalk. Then it is ready to accept ink. Modern "paper vellum" (sometimes called vegetable vellum) is made out of synthetic material instead of mammal skin, but is used for the same purpose as normal vellum.