acceleration

title: Acceleration

text: Acceleration is a measure of how fast velocity changes. Acceleration is the change of velocity divided by the change of time. Acceleration is a vector, and therefore includes both a size and a direction. Acceleration is also a change in speed and direction. There is: Speed (a scalar quantity) (uses no direction) # Distance is how far you traveled. # Time is how long it took you to travel. # Speed is how fast you are moving - Speed = Distance / Time Velocity (a vector quantity) (uses a direction) # Displacement is how much your position has changed in what direction. # Velocity is how quickly your position is changing and in what direction. # Velocity = Displacement / Time The measurement of how fast acceleration changes is called jerk.

isa: measure


amber

title: Amber

text: Amber is the common name for fossil resin. It occurs in different colours, and is widely used for making jewellery and other ornaments. Although not mineralized, amber is sometimes considered as a gemstone. Most of the world's amber is in the range of 30–90 million years old. Semi-fossilized resin or sub-fossil amber is called copal. Baltic amber was called 'Freya's tears' by the Norse and the 'tears of the Heliades' by the ancient Greeks. Amber consists of several resinous bodies that can mostly dissolve in alcohol, ether and chloroform, associated with a bituminous substance that does not dissolve.


art

title: Art

text: Art is a creative activity. It produces a product, an object. Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, performing subjects, and expressing the author's thoughts. The product of art is called a work of art, for others to experience. Some art is useful in a practical sense, such as a sculptured clay bowl that can be used. That kind of art is sometimes called a craft. Those who make art are called artists. They hope to affect the emotions of people who experience it. Some people find art relaxing, exciting or informative. Some say people are driven to make art due to their inner creativity. "The arts" is a much broader term. It includes drawing, painting, sculpting, photography, performance art, dance, music, poetry, prose and theatre.


bailiwick

title: Bailiwick

text: A bailiwick ( ) is the area where a bailiff is in charge. It used to also mean territories where an appointed bailiff did what a sheriff usually does. The bailiff did that under a royal or imperial writ.

isa: area


bang

title: Bang!

text: Bang! is a card game. It is set in the Wild West. It was made by an Italian man named Emiliano Sciarra. This year, there were many expansion packs for the game. With all of them, this game can be played with eight players at the most.


beech

title: Beech

text: The Beech is a large tree in the genus Fagus in the plant family Fagaceae. There are about 10 species, all native to Europe, Asia, and North America. The flowers are small and single-sex (monoecious), the female flowers are carried in pairs, the male flowers are wind-pollinating catkins, produced in spring shortly after the new leaves appear. The bark is smooth and light grey. The fruit is a small, sharply three–angled nut 10–15 mm long. The nuts are edible, though bitter (though not nearly as bitter as acorns). They have a high tannin content, and are called beechnuts or beechmast. Beech grows on a wide range of soil types, acid or basic, provided they are not wet for long periods. The tree canopy casts a heavy shade, and the leaves, when dropped, cover the ground thickly. Few plant grow under beech trees. In North America, they often form Beech-Maple forests by growing together with the Sugar Maple.

isa: tree


beta

title: Beta

text: Beta (uppercase/lowercase Β β), is a letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "b" sound in Ancient Greek and "v" in Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 2. Letters that came from it include the Roman B and Cyrillic Б. The sounds [b] and [v] resemble each other a lot. In Ancient Greek the "b" sound became "v" around 200 BC. Therefore, the letter B means the "v" sound in the Cyrillic alphabet, and a new letter, Б, was made for [b]. The letter beta is also used in finance, science and mathematics. For example. the beta function is named after the capital letter Β, and the probability of type II error in statistics is written with the lowercase β.

isa: letter


binder

title: Binder (material)

text: This refers to the material. For other uses see Binder (disambiguation). A binder or binding agent is any material or substance that holds or draws other materials together to form a cohesive whole mechanically, chemically, by adhesion or cohesion. More narrowly, binders are liquid or dough-like substances that harden by a chemical or physical process and bind fibres, filler powder and other particles added into it. Examples include glue, adhesive and thickening. Examples of mechanical binders are bond stones in masonry and tie beams in timber framing.


birthday

title: Birthday

text: A birthday is the day when a person was born. In many places, on a person's birthday, he or she celebrates with friends and family at a party, where they eat cake or other foods, and get gifts. It is a common use to offer gifts in packages decorated for the occasion and accompanied by greeting cards.

isa: day


bleach

title: Bleach

text: Bleach is the name for a number of chemical substances which can be used to remove colors, or to make things white. Very often, they act through oxidation. Bleaches on the base of sulfur have been in use for thousands of years. Modern bleaches are usually based on chlorine or on oxygen. Many bleaches can kill bacteria easily. For this reason, they are often used for disinfecting or sterilisation.


composite

title: Composite material

text: Composite materials are made from two or more basic material. They are not just placed together. They are merged together. This create a material with useful properties unlike the individual elements. The composite material as a whole may behave differently from either of its parts. For example, reinforced concrete (made of concrete and steel) has resistance to pressure and to bending forces. Bullet-proof glass (made of glass and plastic) is far more resistant to impact than either glass or plastic on their own. Concrete itself is a composite material. It is one of the oldest man-made composites, used more than any other man-made material in the world. Wood is a natural composite of cellulose fibres in a matrix of lignin. The earliest man-made composite materials were straw and mud combined to form bricks for building construction. This ancient brick-making process was documented by Egyptian tomb paintings. It is still used today in some places. Fibre-reinforced polymers are in wide use today, as is glass-reinforced plastic. The Biblical book of Exodus tells of the Israelites that were oppressed by Pharaoh and forced to make "bricks without straw".


cook

title: Cooking

text: Cooking is a process to make food ready to eat by heating it.

isa: process


crazy

title: Madness

text: Madness (or Insanity) is a word that can have different meanings: * Up to about the 19th century someone who acted strangely, or outside the socially accepted norms was called mad or insane. This could range from having weird ideas to someone having delusions or hallucinations, as they are common in some mental illnesses, such as psychosis. * Today, those having delusions or hallucinations (or other mental illnesses) are sometimes called mad or insane by people who are not doctors. Doctors say they have "mental disorders" * Certain diseases, such as rabies, lead to a major change in behaviour. An animal that suffers from rabies is sometimes called rabid or mad. Being able to tell right from wrong is the base of a working society and of law; for this reason, the law treats those people differently who are not able to make this distinction. In the law, when people who can’t understand that their crimes are crimes it’s called the insanity defense.


dart

title: Darts

text: Darts is a type of throwing game where darts are thrown towards a circular target held on a wall. The circular target is called the dartboard. Darts is most liked in the United Kingdom (which was the first country to call darts a sport), mainly in England, and is a pub game. Darts was first played around the 1870s. Until 1930s all dart boards were made out of wood that had to be soaked in water the day before.

isa: game


dean

title: Dean

text: A dean is the title of a high official in a church or college. At one time all ancient colleges were entirely run by priests. In England, you could not even be a student unless you were a member of a Church of England congregation. In those days, a Dean was a senior person who looked after the people and finance, and that is usually so today. But now there are two kinds of Dean: #A Dean is a priest who is the head of the Chapter of a cathedral, which meets in a chapter house. He is responsible for managing the cathedral and its affairs. In some cathedrals he is also the local parish priest, called a Rector. #A Dean is the official who usually looks after an educational college (see Dean (education)). Sometimes he is also the head of the college, sometimes not. In modern colleges, the Dean may take charge of discipline, or be the chief of a Faculty of a university.

isa: title


eccentric

title: Eccentricity

text: Eccentricity or extravagance is a word used to describe unusual behaviour in a person. People who have habits which many people think are very strange may be called eccentric. Eccentric behaviour is not necessarily good or bad in itself. Some clever people (geniuses) have behaviour which might be described as eccentric. It is not always clear whether behaviour is just eccentric or whether it is madness. Famous people who were eccentric in their different ways include Albert Einstein, Nero, Alan Turing, Howard Hughes, Ludwig II of Bavaria and Lord Berners.


enclave

title: Enclave

text: In general use, an enclave can be any special area of a bigger area of land, such as a part of a city that has different taxes than the rest of the city. In political geography, an enclave is a piece of land which has a different country totally around it. If another country has sovereignty over it, it is also called an exclave of that other country. It is usually landlocked, meaning it is completely encased by the surrounding country Exclaves can also exist within a country. This is when some administrative regions have holes (of other such regions) in them. The word enclave is a relatively new word in the language of diplomacy: Diplomats are used to speaking French. The word comes from late Latin inclavatus, which can be translated as shut in, locked up (with a key, from Latin clavis, key). The word got in the English language in the year 1868. exclave (with a similar meaning) followed 3 decades later. Enclaves may be created for a variety of historical, political or geographical reasons. Some areas have been left as enclaves simply because a river changed its course. Since living in an enclave can be very inconvenient and many agreements have to be found by both countries over mail addresses, power supply or passage rights, enclaves tend to be eliminated and many cases that existed before have now been removed. Sometimes it is the case, that enclaves are traded for one another. In English Church history, subnational enclaves were known as peculiars (see also Royal Peculiar).


equal

title: Equality (mathematics)

text: In mathematics, two things are equal if and only if they are exactly the same in every way. That is, they have the same (mathematical) value and the same mathematical properties. Mathematicians use the equals sign (=) to say this. This defines a binary relation, equality. The statement "x = y" means that x and y are equal. Equivalence in a more general sense is provided by the construction of an equivalence relation between two mathematical objects, that is, two mathematical objects are equivalent if they are related by this relation. In which case, the equivalence is often represented using the symbols \sim or \equiv . A statement that two expressions denote equal quantities is an equation (or an equality). Equations are equal. Inequalities are unequal. An equality is also a transitive relation. This means that if one object is equal to a second object, and the second object is equal to a third object, then the first object is equal to the third object as well. Since a predicate is a way of describing something that is true, another way to say this is that if one thing that is true about a variable is not true about the other variable, then they are not equal as far as mathematical logic is concerned: two things are only equal if anything that is true about one has to be true about the other. In geometry, the word congruence is often preferred. Numbers are equal, geometrical objects are congruent. Two shapes are congruent if one can be moved or rotated so that it fits exactly where the other one is. If shrinking or enlarging one of the two objects is needed, then they are not congruent. They are called similar instead. The congruence relation is often represented by the symbol \cong , while the similarity relation is represented by the symbol \sim . In computer science, usually, the mathematical definition is used. Very often, the comparison is written == (and the assignment, the act of giving a value, is written as =, or :=). In object-oriented languages, or languages which have pointers, there is an additional problem. Those languages contain references (which are in fact pointers). If two such references do not reference exactly the same object, then they are different and a == b will be false in this case. For this reason, many such languages have introduced another operator (in Java, this method is called equals). This operator compares the actual values of the objects—not where the variables that reference them point to.


fish

title: Fish

text: Fish (plural: fish or fishes) are a group of animals which live in water and respire (get oxygen) from their gills. As a group, they are much older than other vertebrates. The first fish developed about 500 million years ago. Shell fish such as the crab or lobster are actually small, boneless creatures that live in their own shell house or shell-like partial exterior, dwelling in seas and oceans. Some other examples include: :Jawless fish :Armoured fish :Cartilaginous fish :Ray-finned fish :Lobe-finned fish. There are more fish than four-limbed animals: there are over 33,000 described species of fish. Fish are usually covered with scales. They have two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. Most fish are cold-blooded (poikilotherm). There are many different kinds of fish. The thing to remember is that they all have adaptations, which are the features which let them live in the way they do. Yes, they do all live in water. But living in a fast-flowing river is different from living in a slow-moving river. In the sea, it matters the depth they live at. They live in fresh water in lakes and rivers (freshwater fish), and in salt water (marine fish) in the oceans. Some fish are less than one centimeter long. The largest fish is the whale shark, which can be almost 15 meters long and weigh 15 tons. Almost all fish live in the water. A group of fish called the lungfish have developed lungs because they live in rivers and pools which dry up in certain parts of the year. They burrow into mud and aestivate until the water returns. The English word "fish" is not just one phylum. Some fish are more closely related to land animals than they are to other fish. For example, lobe-finned fish were the first animals with bones to come live on land, and all land animals are their descendants. Lobe-finned fish are more closely related to humans than to ray-finned fish.

isa: animal


flagellum

title: Flagellum

text: A flagellum (plural: flagella) is a long, whip-like structure that helps some single celled organisms move. It is composed of microtubules. They help propel cells and organisms in a whip-like motion. The flagellum of eukaryotes usually moves with an “S” motion, and is surrounded by cell membrane. Flagella are structurally almost identical with the much smaller Cilia. So much so that it has been proposed protists bearing either should be unified in the Phylum Undulipodia. Previously, Margulis had proposed that the Ciliates alone should be placed in a Phylum Ciliophora. Admittedly, the Protista is a collection of disparate single-celled forms, but while a more sophisticated taxonomy is in flux (changing), Protista is still a useful term. Cilia and flagella are cell organelles, specialised units which carry out well-defined functions, like mitochondria and plastids. It is fairly clear now that all or most of these organelles have their origin in once-independent prokaryotes (bacteria or archaea), and that the eukaryote cell is a 'community of micro-organisms' working together in 'a marriage of convenience'.


flash

title: Adobe Flash

text: Adobe Flash (formerly 2005 Macromedia Flash) was an Animation software sold by Adobe. It was used to create and view animated content that could be placed on web pages. Adobe Flash was used commonly on the Internet by web browsers. Flash was created by FutureWave (a multimedia company) in 1995. Then it was called "FutureSplash Animator" (this was Flash 1.0). FutureWave along with Flash were soon bought by Macromedia around 1997, who in December 2005 was again bought by Adobe Systems. From Flash version 2 to 8 it was called "Macromedia Flash", now it is called "Adobe Flash". In 2012, Adobe discontinued the Solaris version of Flash Player, and made the Linux version only for Google Chrome. The Android version was removed from Google Play. In 2020, Adobe discontinued Adobe Flash, because Adobe claims that WebGL, HTML5, and WebAssembly serve as good alternatives for Adobe Flash.


floss

title: Free and open-source software

text: Free and open source software (for short: FOSS, means free software and/or open source software) is software whose source code is open and available to anyone who wishes to: * improve it, * study it, * modify it, and * share the original and the modifications with others. These additional rights are generally granted to the user through the GPL, LGPL, or BSD license.


founder

title: The Founder

text: The Founder is a 2016 American biographical drama movie directed by John Lee Hancock and written by Robert Siegel. The movie stars Michael Keaton as businessman Ray Kroc. It is about the story of his creation of the McDonald's fast food chain. Nick Offerman and John Carroll Lynch co-star as McDonald's founders Richard and Maurice McDonald. The movie premiered at Arclight Hollywood on December 7, 2016 and was released in the United States on January 20, 2017, by The Weinstein Company. It made $24 million worldwide and got generally positive reviews from critics, with praise for Keaton's performance.


frequency

title: Frequency

text: Frequency is how often an event repeats itself over a set amount of time. In physics, the frequency of a wave is the number of wave crests that pass a point in one second (a wave crest is the peak of the wave). Hertz (symbol Hz) is the unit of frequency. The relationship between frequency and wavelength is expressed by the formula: where v is speed and \lambda (lambda) is wavelength. The formula for the frequency of light waves is f = c/\lambda where the c is the speed of light. All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum but they travel at slower speeds when they travel through a medium that is not a vacuum. Other waves, such as sound waves, travel at much much lower speeds and can not travel through a vacuum. Examples of electromagnetic waves are: light waves, radio waves, infrared radiation, microwaves, and gamma waves.


hoe

title: Plymouth Hoe

text: Plymouth Hoe, also known as the Hoe, is a south-facing public area in Plymouth, England. It is next to limestone cliffs along the seafront with a view of Plymouth Sound, Drake's Island, and across the Hamoaze to Mount Edgcumbe in Cornwall. The name comes from the Old English word "hoh", which means a sloped ridge shaped like an upside-down foot and heel.


illustration

title: Illustration

text: The illustration is a picture which tries to get the person looking at it to pay more attention to the subject than to the art. Illustrations can be in the form of a drawing, painting, photograph or other work of art. Illustrations often have one of two purposes. One is to give light to the subject. The other purpose is to decorate an informational text (such as a newspaper or article). illustration can also be a story based on drawings.

isa: picture


insectivore

title: Insectivore

text: An insectivore is an animal or insect that eats mostly insects for food. An anteater is an animal that eats ants. Insectivorous plants also eat insects. The Venus flytrap is one of them. To eat insects for food is not very easy because insects are small. Large insect-eating animals must eat many of them. Anteaters eat hundreds of ants every day. Some omnivores like humans and bears also eat insects for food. There was once a taxonomic group of mammals called Insectivora. Most of its animals are now called Eulipotyphla.


kauri

title: Agathis

text: Agathis is a genus of evergreen, coniferous trees, the kauri. They grow mainly in the southern hemisphere, including southeast Asia, areas of the western Pacific, and Australasia. Agathis is a relatively small genus, with only 21 known species. As a conifer, it bears its seeds in conifer cones. Mature Agathis can become quite large, reaching 130 feet (about 40 m) in height and 10 feet (about 3 m) in diameter. The genus is part of the ancient Araucariaceae family of conifers, a group once widespread during the Jurassic period, but now largely restricted to the southern hemisphere.

isa: evergreen


kidney

title: Kidney

text: The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located in the abdomen of vertebrates such as humans. They regulate (control) the amount of water and salts in the blood. They make urine so that waste can be removed from the body. The adjective which is used for kidneys and latin name is is renal. For example, renal failure is when the kidneys do not work properly. The prefix nephro- is also used in words to mean "kidneys". For example, a nephrologist is a specialist who studies kidneys.


kumis

title: Kumys

text: Kumys (sometimes called kumis) is a drink. It is made from mare's milk. It is made by fermenting the mare milk with yeast and acid bacteria. Kumys is a very popular drink among the Mongols and Turkic peoples. In Mongolia, it became a national drink there and is called airag.

isa: drink


lock

title: The Lock

text: The Lock is an oil painting by Jean-Honoré Fragonard. It was painted around 1776-79. The picture measures 71 × 92 cm (28 × 36.2 in). It hangs in the Louvre. Fragonard is (and was) famous for mildly erotic scenes. After his marriage in 1769, he painted family scenes.


mirror

title: Mirror

text: A mirror or looking-glass is something that reflects light. One common plane mirror is a piece of special flat glass that a person can look into to see a reflection of themselves or what is behind them. Sometimes, a flat piece of metal or the surface of water can act like a mirror. People can see themselves in a mirror because light comes in and is reflected. Curved mirrors can have magnification properties, making images appear smaller or larger than their actual size, like a lens does. They can be concave (curved inward) or convex (curved outward), making the reflected angle and view to be smaller or larger, respectively. Special mirrors can make a person's appearance look quite strange. Also, in a mirror, writing appears backwards, as a "mirror image" of the original writing. Mirrors are usually made out of glass with metal on the back, called "silvering" even if the metal is not silver. Modern mirrors use aluminum. The aluminum is applied via vacuum, and will bond directly to cooled glass. Most mirrors start as float glass. Molten glass is poured onto a bath of liquid tin and spreads out into a perfectly flat sheet, then cools slowly so it doesn’t warp.


naiad

title: Nymph

text: A nymph is a kind of female nature entity/spirit in Greek mythology. They are often companions of Greek gods and goddesses. Nymphs can be divided into different kinds, such as: * Dryads (trees) * Naiads (fresh water) * Oreads (mountains) * the Okeanids, the daughters of Okeanos, and the Nereids, the daughters of Nereus (seas) * the Pleiades (stars) They are not immortal, like Greek gods or the titans from Greek mythology, but were said to live a long time.


In computing, NaN stands for Not a Number. It means the result of input is or unrepresentable. For example, division by zero in most Programming language returns NaN. Systematic use of NaN was introduced by the IEEE 754 in 1985, along with the other numbers such as infinities.


neglect

title: Neglect

text: Neglect is a kind of abuse where a person harms another person by not giving them the things they need to live. For example, a parent or caregiver may neglect a child by not giving them enough food, clothing, hygiene, medical care, affection or education; this is a form of child abuse. Victims of neglect are those that need looking after, like children, physically or mentally disabled adults, elderly people, medical patients, animals or plants. ro:Abuz asupra copilului#Categoria 3: neglijarea

isa: abuse


ocellus

title: Eyespot

text: An eyespot is a simple organ in biology used to detect light. It may be called an ocellus, or pigment pit. They are quite common in small, simple invertebrates, such as Planaria. They do not have lenses or any means of focusing. Therefore, they can sense light from dark, but do not give the animal a visual scene as our eyes do. In many simple animals the eyespot senses light with a pigment molecule called an opsin. Then a nerve fibre goes from the eyespot to the simple nervous system. This allows the animal to move in response to (for example) a shadow passing over it. Eyespots also occur in single-celled protists like Euglena and Chlamydomonas, where it is connected to the flagellum. This allows the information from the light patch to influence the cells's movement. The first fossils of eyes that have been found to date are from the early Cambrian period (about 540 million years ago). This period saw a burst of apparently rapid evolution, called the "Cambrian explosion". One idea is that the evolution of eyes started an arms race which led to a rapid spate of evolution. Much earlier than this organisms would have used light spots for light sensitivity, but did not have a visual scene for rapid navigation.

isa: organ


ovule

title: Ovule

text: Ovules produce the female reproductive cells which get fertilized during sexual reproduction in seed plants. The word literally means "small egg." The megagametophyte (also called the embryo sac in flowering plants) is inside the ovule. The megagametophyte produces the egg cell.


packer

title: Green Bay Packers

text: The Green Bay Packers are a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States. The Packers joined the National Football League in 1921 and are the most successful franchise in league history by total championships, with thirteen titles. The team won the first two Super Bowls ever played and later captured Super Bowl XXXI and Super Bowl XLV. The Packers were dominant during the 1960s under head coach Vince Lombardi, winning five championships in seven seasons. Many legendary quarterbacks have players have played for the franchise, including Bart Starr, Brett Favre, and Aaron Rodgers. Jordan Love is the current starting quarterback for the team. they also have legendary players have played for the franchise such as Reggie White, Desmond Howard, Sterling Sharpe, Andre Rison and Donald Driver, Greg Jennings and Clay Matthews III. The team is named after the Indian Packing Company, where founder Curly Lambeau worked. The Packers are the only publicly owned professional sports franchise in the United States and are strongly associated with the city of Green Bay, which is often referred to as “Titletown.”

isa: professional


parish

title: Parish

text: A parish is the area which is served by a church. This term is used by these churches: Church of England and the Anglican Communion, Roman Catholic, the Eastern Orthodox Church, Lutheran churches, and some Methodist, and Presbyterian churches. The idea is that the local priest or minister is responsible for the 'souls' in the parish. The term refers to a local church community or territory, including its main church building, and other property. The word 'parish' is also used more generally to refer to the collection of people who attend a particular church. In this usage, a parish minister is one who serves a congregation. A parish is a subdivision of a diocese or 'see'. The diocese is headed by a Bishop. Parishes were responsible under the English Poor Law for supporting the poor people of their parish. Charles Dickens described how this worked. The parish would employ a beadle who would manage the workhouse. This work was later taken over by the board of guardians, who were not part of the church.


pen

title: Pen

text: A pen (Latin: pinna, feather) is a tool used for writing or drawing. The ink of the pen is pressed onto paper and dries very fast. Reed pens are the oldest known type of pen. They were made from reeds growing in the delta of the Nile. The ancient Egyptians invented them, and also invented black ink, using soot and gum arabic. Their pens had split nibs to regulated the flow of ink to the writing tip. This simple design is still used in calligraphy today. Quill pens are one of the oldest type of pens. A quill pen is the feather of a bird, usually a goose. The end of the feather (the quill) was kept very sharp and had to be dipped into ink after every few words. Reed and quill pens are dip pens because they have to be dipped in ink many times during writing or drawing. Modern dip pens have nibs made of metal. Fountain pens are like dip pens, but can hold enough ink inside to write several pages before being refilled. Inside, the ink is held in a sac or cartridge. A ballpoint pen is generally cylindrical plastic shaft that holds ink and is smaller than a fountain pen. It has a small hard ball on the writing end that rolls the ink onto the paper. A stylus is a pen that cannot write on paper, but can write on clay or wax. Styli of wood or metal have been used for thousands of years, for example in cuneiform writing. A modern computer stylus is usually made of plastic and may have electronics inside. It is used with a touchscreen. The coming of the personal computer much reduced the need to write on paper. All the same, a personally written letter suggests "I think so much of you that I took the effort to write a real letter."

isa: tool


peppermint

title: Peppermint

text: The Peppermint is a hybrid plant of the mint family. It is originally from Europe, but grown and sold all over the world. It is a hybrid of watermint and spearmint. Carolus Linnaeus first described the plant in 1753, from samples that had been collected in England. He treated it as a species, but modern biology mostly treats it as a hybrid. The peppermint is found in some medications, in particular Skumin’s mixture.

isa: plant


pestilence

title: Pestilence

text: Pestilence is a word that is used for any highly infectious disease that can cause an epidemic or even a pandemic. It is commonly used for parasites too, but only when they cause large scale sickness or death, such as the Guinea worm. The word meant the disease plague, which is called pestis in Latin. It was used for the Black Death as well, an epidemic of the 14th century that killed Millions of people in Europe.


peyote

title: Peyote

text: The peyote is either of two species of the cactus genus Lophophora of plants in the family Cactaceae. The most common plant, L. williamsii, grow in North America, mostly in Mexico, can be found in the Chihuahuan desert of southern Texas and northern Mexico. The size is about eight centimeters (three inches) wide and five centimeters (two inches) tall. It is mostly blue green in color, with pink to white flowers, growing in groups among scrub, in areas with limestone soil. L. diffusa grows only in a small area in central Mexico, the color is yellow green, with white to yellow flowers. Peyote has hallucinogenic effects, made by at least 28 different alkaloids, mostly mescaline. In many countries it is illegal to sell, use or posses both dried plant-material and living plants, but some places also give an exception from the law when used in religious rituals, such as by The Native American Church where it is used in a similar way as some Native American tribes, that likely have used peyote for at least 5,500 years. in their rituals.


pin

title: Personal identification number

text: A Personal identification number (abbreviated as PIN) is a number that is used to authenticate a user of a system. It is used to make sure only certain people can get, use, or change information in the system. PINs were created to be used with automated teller machines. Once someone inserts a bank card into the machine, they would be asked to enter a PIN using the buttons on a keypad, and would only be allowed to get their money if they entered the correct PIN. In a similar way, EMV technology makes use of PIN numbers to make sure only the person holding a credit card can make a transaction with it. Early PIN numbers only consisted of digits. Today, some banks use PINs made of digits and letters. There are also many new technologies being created to be used instead of PINs, such as using fingerprint scanners.


polka

title: Polka

text: The polka is a dance for couples which originated in Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic). It was a "craze" in Europe for a time in the mid to late 19th century. and in the United States. The craze spread in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, of which the Czechs were part. The dance is done with a one-two-three-hop style: The dance soon spread to London and was introduced to America in 1844. It remained a popular ballroom dance until the late 19th century.

isa: dance


probate

title: Probate

text: Probate is how the will of a dead person is taken and used by a court. Probate checks that paying the dead person's debts, and giving away the dead person's money and property follows the instructions in the will. In many jurisdictions the court where probate happens is called a probate court. Probate follows these steps: *Filing of the will and opening an estate in the probate court, *Giving notice of the probate proceeding to legal heirs, beneficiaries, and creditors, *Checking that the will is legal and valid, *Figuring out the value of the property in the dead person's estate, *Paying the debts of the estate, including taxes, and *Giving the heirs of the estate their inheritances, the gifts that the dead person left to them in the will. For people who die without much money or property, many jurisdictions allow simple probate that is cheaper and easier to do.


pruner

title: Pruners

text: Pruners are a cutting tool for pruning plants. A common form is held in one hand; it is also called snippers or secateurs. It has two handles, one connected to a blade and the other to a blunt surface. Like the word scissors, pruners is used as a plural. A pole pruner is like a pair of pruners, but at the end of a pole. It is operated by pulling on a rope. Pruners are used for cutting plants and small branches, such as roses and grapevines. Stems thicker than a pencil will need to be cut with loppers or a saw instead.


shoal

title: Sandbar

text: A sandbar, or shoal is a landform which is in or partly in a body of water. Usually it is made of sand, silt, and/or small pebbles.


sport

title: Sport

text: Sport usually means athletic games that involve a degree of competition, such as football, basketball or cross-country Olympic skiing. Some games and many kinds of racing are called sports. A professional at a sport is called an athlete. Many people do sports with their friends. They need coaches to teach or train teams or individuals how to do better. Sports can be played indoors or outdoors and by individuals or team. Sports are helpful for health and can help reduce diseases such as heart attacks, many types of cancer, depression and anxiety, and dementia. Different types of sports help our body in different ways. For children, sports play an extremely important part in their lives by providing all round development of the child, physically, mentally and emotionally. Some people like to watch other people play sports. Those who watch others playing sports are called fans. While some fans watch sports on television, others actually go to stadiums or other places where people pay to watch them in person. These fans are called spectators. People engage in many kinds of sports, for example: * Athletics * Angling ** Field athletics *** Triple jump *** Pole vault *** High jump *** Hammer throw *** Discus throw *** Javelin throw *** Shot put ** Track athletics *** Sprint *** Middle distance race *** Long distance race *** Walking race *** Hurdle race *** Relay *** Steeplechase (sport) *** Cross-country race *** Marathon * Acrobatics * Bodybuilding * Gymnastics ** Rhythmic gymnastics * Figure skating * Boxing * Fencing * Judo * Wrestling * Motor sports * Auto racing * Shooting * Diving * Golf * Rowing * Sailing (sport) * Surfing * Swimming * Bobsled * Skiing ** Freestyle skiing ** Ski jumping * Games **Tennis ** Baseball ** Softball ** Basketball ** Badminton ** Cricket ** Association football ** American football ** Australian Football ** Canadian football ** Gaelic football ** Rugby league football ** Rugby union football ** Flag football ** Polo ** Volleyball ** Dance ** Colorguard ** Marching band ** Esports


stalemate

title: Stalemate

text: Stalemate is a situation in chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check but has no legal move. When stalemate occurs, the game is a draw. Actual stalemate is rare, but the threat of stalemate has a big effect on endgame play. Many K+R+P vs K+R endings are drawn when stalemate cannot be avoided. The existence of stalemate is a main reason why draws are common in chess, but rare in the chess derivative shogi. In the old Persian form of chess, shatranj, stalemate was a win for the side with the most pieces. The idea of stalemate as a draw in modern chess took a long time to be agreed. It was finally decided by the early 19th century British master J.H. Sarratt in the London Chess Club rules of 1807.


structure

title: Structure

text: In science, structure is a fundamental concept. It means the arrangement of parts. Examples are the organs in a body, or crystals in a substance like granite. A structure may refer to buildings, machines and similar things made by people as well as to a rock or a mineral, atoms or sentences. It always reflects the hierarchy of its parts.


substitute

title: Substitute good

text: In economics two or more goods can be classified by looking at the demand curve when the price of one of these goods changes. That way they will either be classified as substitutes or complementary goods. Two goods are substitutes if the demand of one good increases and the price of the other good increases. In this case, consumers will replace one good with the other. Classic examples of substitute goods include margarine and butter, or tea and coffee. Substitute goods not only occur on the consumer side of the market but also the producer side. Substitutable producer goods would include: petroleum and natural gas (used for heating or electricity). The fact that one good is substitutable for another has immediate economic consequences: insofar as one good can be substituted for another, the demand for the two kinds of good will be bound together by the fact that customers can trade off one good for the other if they get an advantage by to do so. Perfect substitutes can replace each other, without trade-off in costs, or quality. For imperfect substitutes, the customer has to make a trade-off, either in price, or in quality. Artificial leather is much cheaper than real leather, and can replace it in many situations - artificial and real leather are substitute goods. Real leather is much more durable, and has a different look and feel. When these factors are important, the two are not interchangeable. For this reason artificial and real leather are imperfect substitutes.


surge

title: Surge

text: Surge was a soft drink manufactured (made) by The Coca-Cola Company. The product was made mostly in the United States beginning in early 1997. The soda was marketed as a substitute to Mountain Dew. It was created because Coca-Cola wanted to take customers from Pepsi. The brand was very popular at first, but that didn't last. Surge stopped being made in 2003. Surge was re-released by Coca-Cola as an Amazon exclusive in packs of 12 16oz cans because of the success of the "Surge Movement" campaign on September 15, 2014.


tanner

title: Tanning

text: Tanning is the process of turning animal skin (often called "hide") into leather. Tanning makes the skin tougher and often changes its color. Tanning helps make the animal skin become more flexible and less vulnerable to bacteria damage. Before tanning an animal skin, the animal must be killed and skinned before the body heat of the animal leaves the animal's body. Next, tissue on the inside of the skin and hairs on the outside are removed. Salt in the skin is removed and the skins are soaked in water for six hours to two days. The actual process of tanning is done by soaking the leather in a bath of Chromium III sulphate ([Cr(H 2 O) 6 ] 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ). In past centuries a natural substance called tannin was used, which was got from oak or fir trees. The whole process is very smelly, and tanneries are often placed at the edges of towns. The runoff from tanning plants into rivers is a major cause of pollution. This can be prevented by methods of water treatment adapted to the outflow of tannery liquids. Developing countries may lack this methodology, even though World Bank grants are available for water treatment facilities. A private-sector trade association may give technical information about clean technologies. A tanner is someone whose job is tanning. A tannery is the place where the tanners worked with the animal skins.


vegetation

title: Vegetation

text: Vegetation means the plant life of a region or the plant community. It means all ground cover by plants, and is the main element of the biosphere. When you say vegetation you do not think of any species composition, life forms, structure, spatial extent, "naturalness", or any other specific botanical or geographic characteristics. That is meant by flora which refers exclusively to species composition. Vegetation can refer to a wide range of spatial scales. Primeval redwood forests, coastal mangrove stands, sphagnum bogs, desert soil crusts, roadside weed patches, wheat fields, cultivated gardens and lawns; all are meant by the term vegetation.


veteran

title: Veteran

text: A veteran (from the Latin word vetus, meaning old) is a person who has a long experience in something. The term is most often used to describe people who were in the armed forces, especially those who had to fight in a war.

isa: person


weave

title: Weaving

text: Weaving is the interlacing of two sets of threads at right angles to each other to form cloth. Weaving is usually done on a loom. One set of threads is called the warp. These threads are held taut and in parallel order on the loom by harnesses creating a space called the shed. The weft thread is wound onto bobbins. In old-fashioned hand weaving the bobbins are held in a shuttle, which carries the weft thread through the shed. The warp threads are moved over and under the weft threads. Modern high speed weaving does not use a shuttle.

isa: thread


wrinkle

title: Wrinkle

text: A wrinkle is a fold, ridge or crease in the skin, similar to those that can form on the surface of fabric. The medical term is rhytide.

isa: fold