acyl

title: Acyl group

text: In chemistry, an acyl group is a functional group (part of a molecule) related to an oxoacid. Removing a group from an oxoacid gives the related acyl group. In organic chemistry, acyl groups are usually related to carboxylic acids. For example, acetic acid is a carboxylic acid with the formula , and the acetyl group is an acyl group with the formula . The formal definition of an acyl group allows for inorganic acids. The nitro group (related to nitric acid) and sulfonyl group (related to sulfuric acid and sulfonic acids) are inorganic acyl groups by this definition.


age

title: The Age

text: The Age is a newspaper made in Melbourne, Australia. It is owned by an Australian company called Nine, and its first edition was on 17 October 1854. The newspaper was first made by John and Henry Cooke. They also had a merchant business called Francis Cooke and Co.. They said they would use the newspaper to help miners in the Australian Gold Rush. The newspaper has become very popular since then. According to its website, it gets up to 957,000 on Saturdays. The editor, Andrew Jaspan, who got the job in 2004, got in trouble in 2008 when The Age journalists agreed that he had been making it hard for them to make news reports independently. In 2023, Patrick Elligett was appointed as Editor.

isa: newspaper


ape

title: Ape

text: Apes are simians belonging to the primate family Hominoidea. Its members are called hominoids. They are native to sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Its living members are divided into two families: *Hylobatidae, only consisting of gibbons. *Hominidae, consisting of orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos and humans. In everyday use, "ape" often refers only to hominoids that are not humans. One clear difference between monkeys and apes is that monkeys have tails (regardless of size), and apes don't. There are also differences in their height, size, strength, teeth and the way they move their arms. They have a wide degree of freedom at the shoulder joint, which helps them swing by their arms in the trees (brachiation). The diets of apes are similar to those of other primates. They eat fruits, nuts, seeds, leaves and sometimes other animals. They are generally omnivores, though most of their intake is primarily herbivorous.


beeswax

title: Beeswax

text: Beeswax is a wax used by honeybees for building their hive. It is also used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. Large amounts of beeswax are used to make candles. It only has a minor role in the chemical industry, to make ski wax, for example. Sweets which are made of gelatin sometimes use beeswax as a covering. In medicine and physical therapy, beeswax is sometimes used to treat a cough and common cold, as well as muscle pain.

isa: wax


benthos

title: Benthos

text: Benthos: the flora and fauna found at the bottom of the sea or lake. Covers quite a wide range of uses, for instance, animals in rock pools are benthic, though only a few inches below the surface. In the ocean, used to contrast organisms in the sea depths (though not actually on the bottom), with plankton, living in the upper pelagic zone. The problem is addressed by extending the pelagic zone down below the light to the bathypelagic and abyssopelagic zones. These terms, however, are mostly not used.


bran

title: Bran

text: The bran (also called miller's bran) is a hard outer skin that covers a grain from a cereal plant, for example wheat. It has a type of cell tissue called aleurone. It has a pericarp, which is the part of the grain that has the seed in it. With the germ and endosperm, this forms a whole grain. In a refined grain, this layer, and the germ is removed. This part has fibre and some micro-nutrients like iron and some B vitamins.

isa: skin


bristle

title: Bristle

text: A bristle is a stiff hair or feather. Also used are synthetic materials such as nylon in items such as brooms and sweepers. Bristles are often used to make brushes for cleaning uses: common examples are the toothbrush and toilet brush. The bristle brush is a common household cleaning tool, often used to remove dirt or grease from pots and pans.

isa: hair


callus

title: Callus

text: A callus is an area of thick skin that forms due to pressure, friction or irritation. Repeated contact is needed for them to form. Calluses are often found on one's feet because of walking and badly fitting shoes. Though they may appear unsightly, calluses are not usually harmful. They can, however, lead to or cause other problems if neglected. Calluses can also form on human hands. In particular, the middle, ring and index fingers are prone to calluses. Construction work, having high heels on too much, rock climbing and playing musical instruments can cause calluses on the hands or feet. Certain sports can also cause calluses.

isa: area


chequer

title: Chequers

text: Chequers, or Chequers Court, is the country house of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. It is in Buckinghamshire, England and is about north-west of central London. Chequers has been the country home of the serving Prime Minister since 1921 after the estate was given to the British government by the aristocrat and politician Sir Arthur Lee.

isa: house


concha

title: Concha

text: Concha is a kind of bread from Mexico. It is a pan dulce. In Spanish, concha means conch. The breads get this name, because their form resembles that of a seashell. The bread is made of a sweetened bread roll, and a crunchy topping.

isa: bread


cubicle

title: Cubicle

text: A cubicle is a small room. It can be a small work space often seen in offices as well as places used for changing clothes in, often found at swimming pools and gymnasiums. Cubicles can also be used as toilets, which is an enclosed area containing a toilet seat.

isa: room


electricity

title: Electricity

text: Electricity is the presence and flow of electric current. Using electricity, we can transfer energy in ways that make machines do work. Its best-known form is the flow of electrons through conductors such as copper wires. The word "electricity" is sometimes used to mean "electrical energy". They are not the same thing: electricity is a transmission medium for electrical energy, like sea water is a transmission medium for wave energy. An item which allows electricity to move through it is called a conductor. Copper wires and other metal items are good conductors, allowing electricity to move through them and transmit electrical energy. Plastics are a poor conductor (they are insulators) and don't allow much electricity to move through them. They stop the transmission of electrical energy. Electrical energy can be made naturally (such as lightning), or by people (such as in a generator). It can be used to power machines and electrical devices. When electrical charges are not moving, electricity is called static electricity. When the charges are moving they are an electric current, sometimes called 'dynamic electricity'. Lightning is the most known - and dangerous - kind of electric current in nature, but sometimes static electricity causes things to stick together in nature as well. Electricity can be dangerous, especially around water because water is a form of good conductor as it has impurities like salt in it. Salt can help electricity flow. Since the nineteenth century, electricity has been used in every part of our lives. Until then, it was just a curiosity seen in the lightning of a thunderstorm. Electrical energy can be created if a magnet passes close to a metal wire. This is the method used by a generator. The biggest generators are in power stations. Electrical energy can also be released by combining chemicals in a jar with two different kinds of metal rods. This is the method used in a battery. Static electricity can be created through the friction between two materials - for instance a wool cap and a plastic ruler. This may make a spark. Electrical energy can also be created using energy from the sun, as in photovoltaic cells. Electrical energy arrives at homes through wires from the places where it is made. It is used by electric lamps, electric heaters, etc. Many appliances such as washing machines and electric cookers use electricity. In factories, electrical energy powers machines.

isa: presence


empire

title: Empire

text: An empire is a political unit which exercises control over territory of great extent or a number of territories or peoples through formal annexations or various forms of informal domination. Well-known empires include the Persian Empire, founded by Cyrus the Great, The Indian Mauryan empire, the Roman Empire, Arab Muslim empires such as the Rashidun Caliphate and the Umayyad Caliphate, Berber empires such as the Almohads and the Almoravids, the Russian Empire, the Greek Macedonian Empire, the Holy Roman Empire and the British Empire. The oldest empire was the Akkadian Empire, whose founder was Sargon of Akkad. Empires that are known for conquering much territory with speed include the Greek Macedonian Empire (during the time of Alexander the Great) and the Arab Empire. According to Scottish historian James Buchan: "In speed and extent, the first Arab conquests were matched only by those of Alexander the Great, and they were more lasting." Sea empires grew mostly by sailing to distant places and conquering them. Mediterranean sea empires were the Phoenician states of Tyre, Sidon and Carthage; the Italian maritime republics of Venice and Genoa. Others were the Chola dynasty of Tamil Nadu in India; the Omani Empire of Arabia; and the Austronesian empires of Srivijaya and Majapahit in Maritime Southeast Asia. The Aztec Empire and the Mongol Empire were land empires. Before Christopher Columbus, there were several empires in America including the Aztec Empire, and the Inca Empire. The Spanish and the Portuguese were the first Europeans to discover America. Later came the English, later to be called the British Empire which controlled most of North America, and the Spanish Empire controlled most of South America and Latin America.


equalizer

title: Equalization (audio)

text: In sound recording, equalization is the process commonly used to change the frequency response of an audio system using linear filters. An equalizer is the device which is used to control the frequencies. Using an equalizer, different bands of sound (range of frequencies) can be adjusted to output at a lower output volume or higher output volume depending on what the user selects.


fable

title: Fable

text: A fable is a type of story which shows something in life or has a meaning to a word. A fable teaches a lesson or suggests a moral from it. A fable starts in the middle of the story, that means, jumps into the main event without detailed introduction of characters. The characters of a fable may be animals, legendary creatures and plants. When animals are used in fables, they think and talk like people, even though they act like animals. For example, in a fable a clay pot might say that it is frightened of being broken. The stories told by fables are usually very simple. To understand a fable, the reader or listener does not need to know all about the characters, only one important thing. For this reason animals are often used in fables in a way that is easily understood because it is always the same. They keep the same characteristics from story to story. * A lion is noble * A rooster is boastful * A peacock is proud * A fox is cunning * A wolf is fierce * A horse is brave * A donkey is hard-working The most famous fables are those attributed to Aesop (6th century B.C.). Many fables are so well known that their morals have become English sayings. For example: * If a person says "sour grapes!" then they are referring to "The Fox and the Grapes". This fable is about a fox who saw a beautiful bunch of grapes hanging on a vine. He wanted to eat them but they were high up. He tried and tried to jump high enough to pull them down. When he was too tired to jump anymore, he went away saying "I'll bet those grapes were sour!" :So, if a person sees a beautiful thing that they want, but cannot have, sometimes they say "I don't want it, anyway! I'll bet it is really no good!" This way of thinking is called "sour grapes". "Crying wolf" is another well-known English saying. This comes from "The Boy Who Cried Wolf". This fable is about a boy who was sent to mind the sheep. The boy got lonely while minding the sheep, so he shouted "Wolf! Wolf!" The people came running. The next day, he did it again and they were very angry. On the third day the boy saw a wolf. He cried "Wolf! Wolf!" but no one came and the wolf ate him. :So if a person always makes a great fuss to get attention, or if a person says something bad has happened when it has not, then it is called "crying wolf" and people will stop bothering to pay attention, even when things go really wrong.

isa: story


fancy

title: Fancy

text: Manfred Alois Segieth (born 7 July 1946), better known by his stage name Fancy, is a German singer, songwriter, and record producer.


favorite

title: The Favorite

text: The Favorite (also titled Intimate Power) is a 1989 Swiss American drama movie directed by Jack Smight and starring F. Murray Abraham, Maud Adams, Amber O'Shea, Ron Dortch, James Michael Gregary, Francesco Quinn. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.


ferret

title: Ferret

text: Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) are domestic animals. They are the domestic form of the (European) polecat. They are in the weasel genus of the family Mustelidae. Ferrets have an average length of 20 inches (51 cm) including a 5-inch (13 cm) tail, weigh about . They live for about 7–10 years. Males are larger than females. They are sociable animals, and are usually kept in groups of two or more. With their long thin body, ferrets look like a large weasel. They may have different colours and markings on their fur. A lot of ferrets in one place will sometimes have a strange smell. This is caused by natural oils produced by the ferrets.

isa: animal


fir

title: Fir

text: Firs (Abies) are about 45-55 species of evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae. Fir trees can reach heights of 10–80 m tall and trunk diameters of 0.5–4 m when mature. The difference between firs and other members of the pine family is that their needle-like leaves are attached to the twig by a base that resembles a small suction cup, and by erect, cylindrical female cones 5–25 cm long that release the winged seeds. The male cones are normally much smaller and spread through the tree so that the wind can help pollinate the female cones. Like all members of the pine family, these trees have a sticky sap called resin. Fir wood is not good to use in buildings because it is not very resistant to insects and decay. It is usually cut or squeezed into thin sheets or pieces and made into plywood or chipboard for indoor or temporary outdoor use. However, fir trees are used widely in gardening. They can be used as shelter trees to protect other plants from wind or grown alone as decorative trees.


flask

title: Flask

text: A flask is a type of container made of glass. They are a common piece of apparatus used in laboratories, also known as laboratory glassware. Their size is chosen by the volume they can hold, and is measured in metric units, like litres (L) or millilitres (mL). Their shape depends on what they are used for, but they usually consist of a wider body, which contains the materials, and a more narrow neck with an opening at the top. The opening is the way to insert materials into the body. Some flasks have more than one neck and opening at the top. Flasks are used to contain substances. They are usually made of glass or borosilicate glass (Pyrex). This is to ensure that the substances inside the flask do not react with the flask itself, due to the volatile nature of many chemicals (such as hydrochloric acid), They can be used to heat a substance. Flasks can be used to make and hold solutions (a mix of substances), to measure chemicals, and to contain chemical reactions like boiling, precipitation, and analysis in science experiments.


gold

title: Gold

text: Gold is a soft, dense, bright yellow metal. It is a chemical element. Its chemical symbol is Au. Its atomic number is 79. As a precious metal, it has been used for many thousands of years by people all over the world, for jewelry, and as money. It is easy to shape. This means, it can be hammered into sheets or stretched into wires without breaking. Chemically, gold is a noble metal. This means it barely reacts with anything. Only platinum is less reactive. Gold is tough. It does not dissolve in most acids. But, if you mix nitric acid and hydrochloric acid together, a combo called aqua regia, gold will dissolve. When it does, it forms a solution called tetrachloroaurate, which is just gold floating in a liquid in a special way. Interestingly, nitric acid alone cannot dissolve gold, even though it will dissolve metals like silver. That is why people long ago could test for real gold using acid—it became known as the “acid test.” Gold can also dissolve in cyanide solutions, which is how miners extract it from rocks. It can also mix with mercury, forming something called an amalgam. In the mercury case, gold does not really react, it just mixes in like sugar dissolving in water. Gold is important because it is rare, but also easier to use than other rare metals. It is also used to repair and replace teeth and in electronic equipment such as computers. Even some medicines like auranofin, has gold, and is used to treat arthritis. It has been used for coins, jewelry, and art. For a long time, money was tied to gold through the gold standard, though that ended in 1971. The color of this metal is also called gold. Gold is so valued that the discovery of a new place to mine has sometimes caused a gold rush. The deepest workplaces for miners in the world are in South Africa n gold mines 4 km (2.5 miles) down. Often, gold is found as a native metal. This means it is not part of an ore, lying around in nature, as nuggets or tiny grains in rocks, or riverbeds. It could be mixed with other metals like silver (called electrum), copper, or even platinum. Sometimes it is trapped inside minerals like pyrite or combined with tellurium in rare compounds. Most of the gold on Earth is deep inside the Earth's core because it is dense, sinking there. Nearly all discovered gold was brought to the surface by meteorites. In 2023, China produced the most gold, followed by Russia and Australia. , a total of around 201,296 tonnes of gold exist above ground.


grape

title: Grape

text: Grapes are the fruit of a woody grape vine. Grapes can be eaten raw, or used for making wine, juice, and jelly/jam. Grapes come in different colours; red, purple, white, and green are some examples. Today, grapes can be seedless, by using machines to pit the fruit. Wild grapevines are often considered a nuisance weed, as they cover other plants with their usually rather aggressive growth. Raisins are the dried fruit of the grapevine, and the name actually comes from the French word for "grape." Since the early 21st century, red grapes have gained recognition in the United States and other countries for their nutrient content and antioxidant properties. Within the global functional food industry, this has contributed to their commercial status as a "superfruit". The leaves of the grapevine itself are considered edible (eatable). They are used to make dolmades. Grapevines are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species.

isa: fruit


griddlecake

title: Pancake

text: Pancakes (also called griddlecakes, hotcakes or flapjacks) are a kind of bread made in a frying pan. Most pancakes are quick breads that use baking powder, although some are also made using a yeast-raised or fermented batter. There are many variations of pancakes from around the world, like thin French crêpes or Vermont-style multigrain pancakes. Most English-speaking countries use the word "pancake" and thin dough. However, in Russia, it is called "Blini" and is often thick dough. In many different places, pancakes are served as breakfast or dessert, with sweet sauces or toppings such as maple syrup, jam, or sugar. Pancakes are also served with savory (non-sweet) fillings and toppings such as meat.


hive

title: The Hives

text: The Hives are a Swedish rock band that started in 1993 but rose to fame in the early 2000s as a leading group of the garage rock revival, playing garage punk. Their breakthrough came with the release of the "best-of" compilation Your New Favourite Band, featuring their most commercially successful song "Hate to Say I Told You So".


honor

title: Honour

text: Honour, spelt honor in the United States, is the idea of the trustworthiness and social status of a person by the society, by judgement of his actions. The idea of honour, like most cultural things, is very different from place to place, and through time. In Europe in the Middle Ages, honour took form in the code of Chivalry. In Japan, a similar thing happened with Bushido. As time passed, the honour of a gentleman and his family was generally expressed in the practice of duelling. The idea has declined in modern times, but still exists, mostly as an approval of one's actions by the society.

isa: idea


idol

title: Idol

text: An idol is a religious item that represents a god. It can also mean someone who is admired by many people, like a pop idol. Idolatry refers to the worship of idols. Christians disagree about what idolatry is. Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy see Christian art and icons as good, because they see Christ's Incarnation as having made images of God lawful. However many Protestants regard much Catholic art as idolatry. This is due to differences in the understanding of the Ten Commandments. "You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make for yourself a graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I the Lord your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments." (RSV Exodus 20:3-6) Islamic art is often based on Geometric abstraction or calligraphy to avoid idolatry, but Jewish art is somewhat broader. Hindus have murtis, a term often translated as "idols".

isa: item


kaffir

title: Kafir

text: A kafir, (Arabic: كَافِرٌ) pronounced as, "kaafir", is someone who does not believe in God according to Islam. It is the most common description used in the Qur'an for non-believers or non-Muslims. A person who denies the existence of a creator might be called a dahri. Jews and Christians were required to pay the jizya and kharaj taxes, while others, depending on the different rulings of the schools of Islamic jurisprudence, might be required to convert to Islam, pay the jizya, be exiled, be enslaved or be subjected to the death penalty.


loan

title: Loan

text: A loan is a type of debt. The borrower agrees to repay the lender the sum of money loaned, at a particular time. It is often paid part by part over time, in order to clear the debt. Acting as a provider of loans is one of the main tasks for financial institutions. For other institutions, issuing of debt contracts such as bonds is a main source of funding. Bank loans and credit are one way to increase the money supply.

isa: debt


loneliness

title: Loneliness

text: Loneliness is a sad emotion that a person can feel if they are isolated or feel a sense of lack of friends and family members. Loneliness can make people feel anxious. People can feel lonely even if they are surrounded by a lot of other people. Loneliness can occur even to people in marriages, relationships, families and successful jobs. One cause of loneliness is a lack of friends during childhood and teenage years. Loneliness can also be caused by chronic depression. Loneliness can also be caused when a relationship or marriage ends. Moreover, in the scenarios where you are the only who understands the whole picture, the person might learn few techniques and read self-help guides that can help in coping up with loneliness. Loneliness is a theme in literature, going back to the Epic of Gilgamesh.

isa: emotion


mail

title: Mail

text: Mail is part of the postal system. The postal system is a system where written documents and small to medium packages are sent (delivered) to places around the world. Anything sent through the postal system is called mail or post. A postal service can be private or public. Governments often make rules about private postal delivery systems. Since the early 19th century, most national postal systems have been controlled entirely by governments. The governments make people pay a fee to send something. This fee is usually in the form of stamps. Some governments only let private postal services deliver parcel (non-mail) packages. Postal systems often do things other than sending letters. In some countries, the postal system is also in charge of telephone and telegraph systems. The postal systems in other countries can help people apply for government papers such as passports and driver's licenses. Many places the post offices also work like banks. This is so that people can take out money or pay bills at a nearby post office, instead of travelling to a big bank in the nearest town. People drop letters in a post box to be collected and delivered by the post office.


medulla

title: Medulla oblongata

text: The medulla oblongata (or medulla) is the lower half of the brainstem. It is just on top of the spinal cord. It connects the higher parts of the brain to the spinal cord (see the picture at the right of this page). The cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor control centers are in the medulla. This means that the medulla controls heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and the size of the body's blood vessels. If the medulla did not work, the person would die.

isa: half


monsoon

title: Monsoon

text: A monsoon is a seasonal wind which lasts for several months. The word was first used in English for the seasonal rains in the Indian subcontinent. These rains blow in from the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea in the southwest bringing heavy rainfall to the area. Monsoons also occur in other regions such as in North America, Sub-Saharan Africa, Brazil and East Asia. Monsoons happen because of a simple fact: land heats up faster than water. The temperature difference between the land and sea can be as much as 20°C – land temperatures in India can be hotter than 45°C, while the surrounding water in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea remains in the low 20s. The heat absorbed by the land warms the air above it. The hot air rises, and cooler ocean air rushes inland to replace it. As it moves, it carries moisture with it, releasing it over land as the summer monsoon (also known as southwest monsoon). The hot air over the land tends to rise, creating an area of low pressure. This creates a steady wind blowing toward the land, bringing the moist near-surface air over the oceans with it. Rainfall is increased by the moist ocean air being lifted upwards by mountains, as with the Tibetan Plateau, and by surface heating.

isa: wind


ocher

title: Ochre

text: Ochre or Ocher is a golden-yellow or light yellowish brown colour. The word is from the Greek ochros, meaning "yellow". Ochre is natural earth pigment containing hydrated iron oxide.

isa: yellow


paper

title: Paper

text: Paper is a thin material of (mostly) wood fibres pressed together. People write on paper with a pencil or pen, and books are made of paper. Paper can absorb liquids such as water, so people can clean things with paper. There are many types of paper, such as craft paper and copy paper. The pulp and paper industry comprises companies that use wood as raw material and produce pulp, paper, board and other cellulose-based products.

isa: material


polemic

title: Polemic

text: A polemic is a forceful argument or controversy made against one opinion, doctrine, or person. It is one-sided and extreme, not a debate or discussion. It often occurs in disputes. The word is derived from the Greek polemikos (πολεμικός), meaning "warlike, hostile".

isa: argument


pus

title: Pus

text: Pus is a fluid that is created as a result of certain inflammations in vertebrates. In vertebrates, white blood cells fight the inflammation. Neutrophils destroy the agents that cause the infection, for example bacteria, macrophages engulf and neutralise these agents. Pus is made of dead neutrophils and macrophages, mostly. In most cases, pus is the result of bacterial infection, but it can also result from other conditions, such as psoriasis.

isa: fluid


quilt

title: Quilt

text: A quilt is a type of blanket made of three layers: a top piece of cloth, a layer of insulating material often called batting, and a bottom piece of cloth for backing. The layers are joined together either by sewing or by tying the layers together with pieces of yarn, thread, or ribbon. The top layer of the quilt can be made from many pieces of cloth sewn together in patterns, known as patchwork. Other patterns can be made by running lines of stitching through the three layers. Sometimes quilts are not used as bedding, but are works of art made to be hung on a wall (wall hangings) or used as decoration. Quilting is done in many cultures, such as the Amish, in Hawaii, and in India.

isa: blanket


regime

title: Regime

text: A regime is the leader and other people who run a government of a sovereign state. There are many kinds of regimes. They can achieve power in many ways. Depending on the time and place and local civics like the electoral system, they can lose power in many ways too. The most common way for a regime to lose power was a coup, invasion or revolution until the 20th century. After that it became very dangerous and difficult to use these methods. Peaceful regime change is usually by an election - this method is now used by more than half the people on the Earth. It is called representative democracy. Such regimes are often called administrations to make it clear they are not dictators, and since the executive branch does not have all the power itself - it may share it with a legislative branch. Also the judicial branch is separate. The courts are not usually considered part of the regime. However, some things are the same no matter how the regime achieved power: *The regime needs help among people outside the regime and government to stay in power - these may be in the military or a political party. *Military and police obey the regime's orders, and can kill people. If they would not do so, then, it would be possible to change regimes by force. *Trade and tax is set by the regime, which can take money away. *The regime speaks for the whole country when dealing with other countries. When many regimes negotiate at the United Nations or World Trade Organization, it does not matter at all how each regime got its power. It matters only that they can agree and make everyone in their country do as the agreement says. When someone wants a regime to change in another country, they usually are not able to do this by any means other than violence or interfering in its election. This is common if a regime is threatened by another regime.

isa: leader


retro

title: Retro

text: Retro is a term used to describe fashions, trends and other cultural items that were popular or relevant many years ago. Generally, something that is retro is at least of fifteen or twenty years of age. For example, a video game from 1997 could be considered as something retro. The term is especially used for things of the mid twentieth century (1950s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s).


sassafras

title: Sassafras

text: Sassafras is a genus that contains three current and one extinct species of deciduous trees in the family Lauraceae. It was originally in eastern North America and eastern Asia. Sassafras trees grow from tall and from wide. The trunk grows across. "Sassafras" was named by the botanist Nicolas Monardes in the 16th century. It is said to be a corruption of the Spanish word for saxifrage.


scan

text: International Symposium on Scientific Computing, Computer Arithmetic, and Validated Numerics (abbreviated as SCAN) is an international conference about numerical analysis (such as numerical integration, numerical linear algebra, numerical methods for partial differential equations, interval arithmetic and validated numerics etc.). It is held once in 2 years.

isa: conference


sherry

title: Sherry

text: Sherry is a fortified wine made from grapes. It is produced in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. In Spanish, it is called vino de Jerez.

isa: wine


silverfish

title: Silverfish

text: Lepisma saccharina (commonly called the fishmoth, urban silverfish or just the silverfish) is a small, wingless insect. Typically it is between half an inch and one inch (12–25 mm). Its common name comes from the animal's silvery blue color, combined with the fish-like appearance of its movements. The scientific name indicates the silverfish's diet of carbohydrates such as sugar or starches. It belongs to the basal insect order Thysanura, and the species is estimated to have existed for over 300 million years, originating in the Paleozoic Era. Often misidentified as a silverfish is the house centipede, another house-dwelling arthropod that exhibits rapid, fluid movement. An eyeless species of silverfish, or a close relative, was discovered in January 2006 in caves in Sequoia National Park, California.


stoma

title: Stomata

text: In botany, a stoma (plural = stomata) is a tiny opening or pore. It is found on plant leaves and stems, and any other green parts of the plant. It is used for gas exchange. Stomata are mostly found on the under-surface of plant leaves. all plants have stomata. Stomata have two main functions. First is gaseous exchange i.e. intake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen. The second is the process of transpiration in plants. Air enters the plant through these openings. The carbon dioxide is used in photosynthesis, which also produces oxygen. The plant uses some of the oxygen but the rest is waste that exits through these same openings. Also, water vapor goes into the atmosphere through these pores in transpiration. The pore is formed by a pair of cells known as guard cells. These adjust the size of the opening by opening or closing. To open a guard cell, protons (hydrogen ions, H + ) are pumped into the guard cells. Water enters into them, the cells gets filled, and they open.

isa: opening


substance

title: Substance

text: Substance is the material, or matter, of which something is made. Substances are physical things that can be seen, touched, or measured. They are made up of one or more elemental parts. Iron and aluminium, which are pure, water and air, which are mixtures; are all examples of substances.


superlative

title: Superlative

text: A superlative, in grammar, is an adjective describing a noun that is the best example of a given quality. In other words, a superlative describes a noun that has more of some quality than any other. Some examples: *the coldest day (i.e. the best example of a cold day, or the day that is colder than all the others) *the slowest animal *the fastest animal In English, most superlatives can be formed by adding -EST to an existing adjective, like the examples above. (For adjectives that end in "-y", like "crazy", one often changes the "y" to an "i" before one adds the -EST on the end.) Some adjectives have irregular superlative forms, which do not follow the rules, such as far ("farthest") and bad ("worst"). Other adjectives have no superlative form at all, and the superlative is made simply by adding the adverb "most" before the adjective. For instance, you do not say "funnest," or "interestingest". Instead, you say "most fun," and "most interesting." This way of making the superlative is used for almost all adjectives ending in "ing" (like "interesting", "fascinating", "disgusting" or "appealing".)

isa: noun


territory

title: Territory

text: A territory (plural: territories, from the word terra, which means 'land') is an area which belongs to a person, organization, institution, animal, nation or state. In international law, a "territory" is an area of land which is outside the borders of a nation, but owned by that nation. Examples are: Puerto Rico as a U.S. territory, or Bermuda as a territory of the UK. General examples of territories are states controlled by a federated government (such as Germany or the counties of a state within the States of the United States), a unitary state such as France, an occupied territory (land which has been invaded by the military of another country) or a disputed territory (such as Kashmir, which both India and Pakistan believe is theirs).

isa: area


theist

title: Theism

text: Theism is the religious belief that at least one god exists while rejecting the existence or importance of polytheistic gods or goddesses. In a broader definition it can also be the belief in God or gods in general, including all types of god-belief. Polytheism is the belief in several gods, while monotheism is the belief in just one god. For example, a theistic religion is Christianity. The opposite to a theist is an atheist. An atheist is a person who denies or disbelieves the existence of a supreme being or beings.

isa: belief


tuna

title: Tuna

text: Tuna, sometimes called tuna fish, are several species (kinds) of fish. They are in the family Scombridae, mostly in the genus Thunnus. Tuna are fast swimmers. People have seen tuna swim at up to 77 km/h. Several species of tuna are warm-blooded. Most species of fish have white flesh. The flesh of the tuna is different. It is pink to dark red. This is because tuna muscle tissue contains greater quantities of myoglobin. Myoglobin is a molecule that binds oxygen. Some of the larger tuna species such as the Northern bluefin tuna can raise their blood temperature above the water temperature with muscular activity. This enables them to live in cooler waters and survive a wider range of circumstances.


ureter

title: Ureter

text: The ureter is the tube in the human body that takes urine from the kidney to the bladder. The ureter are the tube that convey urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder they are about 25 to 30 centimetre long with the diameter of about 3 mm the numerator is continuous with the funnel shaped renal pelvis it passes downward through the abdominal cavity


vapor

title: Vapor

text: Vapor (British English: vapour) is when small drops of liquid float in the air. Sometimes this happens because the liquid has been heated. Vapor is not the same as gas. It is a mixture of liquid and gas. The usual word for this is steam.


walker

title: Walkers

text: Walkers is a British snack food company owned by PepsiCo most known for making many potato chips.


yield

title: Yield

text: In economics, the yield is how much money somebody is paid each year for leaving money invested somewhere. Unlike a corporate dividend, a yield is fairly certain, unless there is a bankruptcy. This means that people usually know how much money they are going to make from their yield ahead of time. Yields can be different because of inflation but there is usually a relationship between risk and returns. The safest instruments, such as government bonds, yield the least whereas higher risk securities, such as corporate bonds, should pay more - this compensates investors for risks like bankrupcy and inflation. Stocks and junk bonds are the riskiest investments and should promise the highest yield. Finance is studied at universities and these relationships between risk and returns are supported by academic research.