acquisition

title: Takeover

text: In business, a takeover or acquisition happens when one company buys another company. The company that is the one buying is called the "acquirer" or the "bidder" and the one that is being bought is called the "target". There are four types of takeovers: friendly, hostile, reverse, or back-flip takeovers. Friendly takeovers happen when the people in charge of the company agree with being taken over. Hostile takeovers happen when they don't agree. Reverse takeovers are when a private company takes over a .. Back-flip takeovers happen when the acquiring company becomes a part of the target company.


aglet

title: Aglet

text: An aglet, or aiglet, is the small tip on the end of a shoelace or rope. It can be plastic or metal. It keeps the fibres from fraying or unwinding. This makes it easier to hold, and easier to feed through a hole, such as a grommet, eyelet, or lacing guides. The word aglet (or aiglet) comes from the Old French word, aguillette (or aiguillette), which means needle. This in turn comes from acus, Latin for needle. An aglet is like a small needle at the end of a cord.

isa: tip


aioli

title: Aioli

text: Aioli is a cold sauce from Mediterranean. It is made of garlic and olive oil. Aioli is like mayonnaise. There are many variations, like adding egg yolk, lemon juice or other ingredients. In France, Aioli is served with seafood, fish soup and croutons.

isa: sauce


andante

title: Tempo

text: Tempo (Italian for 'time' from the Latin tempus ) is the speed of a song or piece of music. It is measured in beats per minute, or BPM. For example, if a song has 4 beats per bar at 100 BPM, there will be 25 bars per minute.

isa: speed


army

title: Army

text: The army is the part of a country's military that fights on the ground. People in the army are called soldiers. Many modern armies have vehicles such as tanks, airplanes, and helicopters to help soldiers fight on the ground. A soldier may be a volunteer and so choose to serve, or he may be forced by the government to join the army. by conscription, also called the "draft.". Voluntary armies tend to be small by numbers but high in confidence and quality. Drafted armies are large but often lack confidence and quality since it may be very difficult to force someone to risk his life against his will. Sometimes, an army is made up from mercenaries, who fight for pay and have little loyalty to the country that they serve. Soldiers do many things from shooting enemies to digging defensive trenches. They defend their country or attack another country's army. That is difficult, and soldiers must be in good shapeboth physically and mentally. They almost always move together, which allows the team to do more things more safely. They may be assigned to certain places to guard, or they may be told to search a place, or even attack it. That is up to their commander. Every soldier answers to someone else and so everything is organized. Sometimes, when a country's army is busy in different places, and there are not enough soldiers to do more, a country hires civilians to do some of the army's jobs like protecting buildings and important people and convoys of trucks traveling from one place to another. Usually, the country hire veterans who were members of the military before leaving and working elsewhere. Working in the army and wearing the uniform is called "service." A soldier will never say "I work as a sergeant in the signal corps" but always "I serve as a sergeant in the signal corps" or other rank, specialty. and unit. Only civilian workers who do not wear uniform speak about "working" in the army.

isa: country


artist

title: Artist

text: An artist is a person who creates art. This word is used most often for person and activities of 'high culture'. That is for example drawing, painting, sculpture, acting, dancing, writing, filmmaking, photography, and music. Sometimes a person who is very good at their job is called an artist, even if it is not considered as art. A scientist or mathematician can be called an artist.

isa: person


avatar

title: Avatar

text: Avatar, a word in Hinduism, is a deity which comes down to earth and takes in another form. Rama was an avatar of Vishnu, one of the three main gods of the Hindus. Similarly, Buddha was also an avatar. Both of these avatars had human form, but avatars of the Hindu mythology have also appeared in animal form. For example: Matsya had the form of a fish and Varaha had the form of a boar. The word is usually translated into English as "incarnation", but better as "appearance" or "manifestation". This is the sense in which the word 'avatar' is used in various media today. According to Hindu mythology, the important avatars of god Vishnu are named below: * Matsya * Kurma * Varaha * Narasimha * Vamana * Parashurama * Rama * Balarama * Krishna * Buddha * Kalki Several Hindu scriptures have details and stories about Vishnu's avatars. These texts also tell that Vishnu will appear again as the Kalki avatar. The following stories are of the avatars that appeared in animal forms or partly animal and partly human forms. Matsya is the first avatar of Vishnu, in the form of a big fish. Sometimes, it is said that he took the form of a half-man and half-fish. There is a story about this in Hindu mythology. The story tells about a very wicked demon (an asura) who snatched the Vedas, the holy books of the Hindus, and went deep inside the sea. At this point, Vishnu came as the Matsya (fish) avatar, who went deep into the sea and brought back the Vedas. He gave the Vedas to Manu. The Hindu scriptures say that Manu was the first man in the world. He may also be compared with Noah. Kurma is the second avatar of Vishnu, in the form of a tortoise. Kurma is a word in the Sanskrit language that means a tortoise. This avatar of Vishnu is a symbol of strength and stability. Varaha was the third avatar of Vishnu, in the form of a black boar. Varaha is a word in the Sanskrit language that means a boar. The Hindu scriptures tell a story about this avatar. There was a demon (a daitya) named Hiranyaksha. He threw the earth (called prithivi by the Hindus) into the waters of the ocean. The earth was about to sink in the ocean. At this point, Vishnu took the form of a black boar, entered the water and carried the earth on its body. Thus Vishnu, as Varaha, saved the earth from destruction. Narashimha was the fourth avatar of Vishnu, in the form of a man with the head of a lion. This avatar of Vishnu is also a symbol of great strength. This avatar of Vishnu killed the demon king Hiranyakashyap.


belladonna

title: Deadly nightshade

text: Deadly nightshade or belladonna (Atropa belladonna) is a well-known, hardy perennial shrub. It is a member of the nightshade family. It can be found in a few different continents: Europe; North Africa; Asia; and North America, but is far less common there. Usually it grows in the shade. The plant does not like direct sunlight. Often it grows in places where the soil is rich in limestone.


bench

title: Bench

text: A bench is a kind of chair, a place where people can sit. Benches are long and often found outside, and more than one person can sit on them. Benches are usually made of wood, metal, stone, and other synthetic things. Many benches have no back.

isa: chair


bimetal

title: Bimetal

text: Bimetal means two different metals joined together. Instead of being a mix of two or more metals, like alloys, bimetallic objects are made of layers of different metals. Bimetallic strips move when they are heated up. They are the most common bimetallic objects. They are often used in electric kettles as a temperature switch.


boar

title: Wild boar

text: The wild boar (Sus scrofa) belongs to the family of the real pig (Suidae) from the order of artiodactyls. They live today in almost every part of the world, even many countries that are not their natural habitats. The wild boar is native to Eurasia and North Africa. Wild boars are omnivorous and easily adapt to changes. They were hunted in Europe from long ago for many of their body parts, and were shown in the mythology of many ancient civilizations. Greek, Phoenician, and Persian mythology showed them as fierce, sometimes evil, while others showed them as brave, powerful animals. Again, others saw them as parasitic. Even today many people see wild boars very differently. The hair of the boar was often used when making the toothbrush until the 1930s. The hair for the bristles usually came from the neck area of the boar. The brushes were popular because the bristles were soft. However, this was not the best material for oral hygiene because the hairs dried slowly and usually held bacteria.


bribe

title: Bribery

text: Bribery means offering something (such as money) to a person in return for some favour that is bad in some way. A bribe is the money that is offered, and the verb is to bribe. Active bribery is offering payment and asking for favour, and passive bribery is asking for payment and offering favour. It is still called bribery if the trade is never done. It is sometimes difficult to decide whether something is a bribe or just a reward. If a father pays his son for washing the car, that is just a reward or payment. However, if a parent pays a child for eating up its dinner, that might be thought of as a bribe because most people would think that is not right. Bribery can be a crime in more serious cases, such as when a person offers money to hide their own wrongdoing. If a motorist is caught speeding by a policeman and offers the policeman money or a bottle of vodka to persuade him not to report him, that is bribery. If people want to take something into a country that is forbidden (or that would be taxed), they might offer the customs officer a bribe to persuade him to let them through. Some corrupt people will not do their jobs at all (like delivering a package) unless they get a bribe on top of their normal pay. Those examples are clearly illegal (against the law) and are rare in many countries, but bribery is quite common in business in many parts of the world, where it is difficult to get anything done without offering bribes. Giving business people presents in the hope that they will want to do business may at times seem just like good manners, but in some cases, it may seem more like bribery. People who are found to be taking bribes can sometimes lose their jobs. In some cases like the case of the motorist, both parties become criminals.


broadcast

title: Broadcasting

text: In communications, such as radio and television, broadcasting means sending information such as television shows or music electronically to a large audience. The information is sent through the air in radio waves, through a wire, or by a communications satellite, and then the television viewers or radio listeners pick up the signal using their television sets and radio receivers. Guglielmo Marconi invented wireless telegraphy; in December 1901 he transmitted first radio signals across the Atlantic Ocean. This was point to point. Experiments with voice broadcasting began a few years later, and it grew rapidly in the 1920s.


bureaucracy

title: Bureaucracy

text: Bureaucracy is a concept. It is the structure and rules which control the activities of people that work for large organizations and government. It has standardized procedure (rule-following), formal division of responsibility, hierarchy, and impersonal relationships. However, in practice, the interpretation and execution of policy can lead to informal influence. Bureaucracy is a concept in sociology and political science. Four things are central to any definition of bureaucracy: a well-defined division of work between persons and offices, consistent patterns of recruitment, and stable careers. There is a hierarchy among offices, such that the authority and status are distributed between actors. Formal and informal networks connect people to one another, through flows of information and patterns of cooperation. Examples of everyday bureaucracies include governments, armed forces, corporations, hospitals, courts, ministries and schools.


burlesque

title: Burlesque

text: Burlesque is a type of performance that makes people laugh by making fun of serious subjects. It has things in common with parody and travesty. The word burlesque has been used in English since the 17th century. A later use for burlesque refers to performance in variety show format.

isa: performance


carnation

title: Carnation

text: A carnation is a type of flower. It has been grown for so many years, yet we are not aware where it came from.

isa: flower


chat

title: Chat

text: To chat is to talk about ordinary things that are not usually very important. However, important issues can also classify as “chat”, for instance when organising gatherings, meetings or events, such as air show attendance. A person can chat with another person, or to many people. People also use this word now for parts of the Internet where we can talk with many different people at the same time. Usually, people chat on the Internet in a chat room or messaging service like AOL Instant Messenger (AIM), Yahoo Messenger Windows Live Messenger or Tencent QQ. There are also programs which let people use different messaging services from one program, such as Pidgin. Online Chat is real time, text-based, digital communication between two or more parties.


cheese

title: Cheese

text: Cheese is a dairy product that is made from the milk of cows, goats, sheep, and sometimes other animals. There are many types of cheese, such as Cheddar, Feta, Provolone, and Swiss Many things affect the form, texture, color and flavor of a cheese. These include the milk (cow or goat), if the milk has been pasteurized, the amount of butterfat, bacteria and mold in the cheese, how the cheese is made, how much fat is in the cheese, and how old the cheese is.

isa: product


chloride

title: Chloride

text: Chloride is an ion of chlorine. It occurs when chlorine gets reduced, gaining an electrons and becoming an ion. Chloride is necessary for life. It is normally found in the salt (sodium chloride), which is very common in diets. "Chloride" is also used as a general name for chemical compounds containing chlorine in the -1 oxidation state, whether or not they contain a chloride ion. Most compounds containing chlorine are chlorides in this sense. The main exception is if chlorine is bonded to oxygen or fluorine.


combination

title: The Combination

text: The Combination was a league in the early days of English football. It had two formats. The first was only for the 1888–89 season. It was for teams across Northern England and the Midlands. It finished before the season end. The second started with the 1890–91 season. It continued until 1911. The league had teams mostly from North West England and later Wales. There was also another league called the Football Combination. This was a competition for reserve teams from the South of England. There was also a small league called the Lancashire Combination around the same time.


convert

title: Religious conversion

text: Religious conversion is taking a new religious identity, or a change from one religion to another. Conversion can take place not only from one religion to another, but also across different denominations, i.e. within the same faith, or when a person has a strong spiritual experience that changes their life. Three missionary religions are Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam. Followers of these religions try to convert others to their religion. The founders of these religions told their followers to do this. Non-missionary religions include Judaism, Zoroastrianism, and Hinduism. These religions spread when their followers go to new places. They do not try hard to convert others. People convert to a different religion for various reasons, including their free choice due to a change in beliefs, Some religions have used force to make people accept their beliefs. Some have offered cultural or material advantages. Others simply teach people about their religion. They try to convince them to change their beliefs with words and kindness.


costa

title: António Costa

text: António Luís Santos da Costa GCIH (born 17 July 1961) is a Portuguese lawyer and politician who has been the President of the European Council since 2024. He was the 119th Prime Minister of Portugal from 26 November 2015 to 2 April 2024. He served as Mayor of Lisbon from 2007 to 2015. He was elected as Secretary-General of the Socialist Party in September 2014. His near-9 year tenure as prime minister is the longest of any officeholder in the Iberian Peninsula in the 21st century. On 7 November 2023, Costa resigned after ongoing searches and arrests involving members of his Socialist government. This resignation was accepted by the president, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, a few hours later. After his resignation, Costa was elected as President of the European Council.


diocese

title: Diocese

text: A diocese is an area of land under the charge of a bishop. He looks after the religious needs of the Christians who live within the diocese's jurisdiction. The bishop organises the work of the Church in the area, and is responsible for all the ministers (priests) in his area. Another word for diocese is see, or even 'episcopal see'. The diocese is the key geographical unit of religious authority in the church. Archbishops have an archdiocese. Inside each diocese are a number of parishes. Each parish is the area supervised by a local priest, and is part of the diocese. Each diocese have a cathedral serving as the bishop's (or for the case of an archdiocese, archbishop's) office.

isa: area


dipole

title: Dipole

text: Dipole can mean two things in physics. The first is an electric dipole which separates the positive charge from the negative charge. A simple example of this dipole is a pair of electric charges with the same magnitude but with the opposite type of charge (positive and negative) and are separated by a small distance from each other. The second is a magnetic dipole, a closed circulation of electric current. A simple example is a single loop of wire with electric current flowing through it. An important characteristic of dipoles is their dipole moment, which is a vector quantity with both a magnitude and direction. An example of an electric dipole moment occurring is in a pair of electric charges with opposite signs. The dipole moment would point from the negative charge towards the positive charge. The magnitude of the moment is equal to the strength of each charge multiplied by the distance separating between the charges. An example of a magnetic dipole moment occurring is in a wire loop with flowing current. The magnetic dipole moment would point through the loop (according to the right hand rule), with a magnitude equal to the current in the loop times the area of the loop. A bar magnet is an example of a magnetic dipole, with a magnetic dipole moment moving from its south pole to its north pole.


dominant

title: Allele

text: An allele is a form of a gene at a particular position (locus) on a chromosome. 15 It is the bit of coding DNA at that place. p6 Typical plants and animals have two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent. 123 These organisms are called diploid. Since such organisms have two sets of chromosomes, they have (except on the sex chromosomes) two alleles at each gene locus. p6 If the two alleles are identical, the individual is called a homozygote and is said to be homozygous. If instead the two alleles are different, the individual is a heterozygote and is heterozygous. 205


drama

title: Drama

text: Drama is a type of literature. A drama can be in the form of a novel, television show, movie, play or dance. Although drama is a Greek word meaning "action", most dramas focus more on the relationships between people than on the actions. Dramas usually have a serious feel to them. Drama is considered the opposite of comedy, but drama and comedy can be used at the same time. Drama is full of sensational action, dialogue, incidents etc. Shakespeare influenced the theatre industry by showing what could be done with plot and language.

isa: literature


dreamer

title: DREAM Act

text: The DREAM Act is a U.S. legislative proposal that would provide temporary housing and work rights to minors who enter the United States as immigrants. If they meet further requirements, they could gain permanent residency. The bill was first introduced in 2001 by Senators Dick Durbin and Orrin Hatch, and has been reintroduced multiple times. It has not passed Congress as of 2024.


duffel

title: Duffel

text: Duffel is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp. In 2007, 16,140 people lived there. It is at 51° 05 North, 04° 30 East.

isa: municipality


edda

title: Edda

text: Edda or the plural Eddas or Eddur, including Poetic Edda (or Older Edda) and Prose Edda (or Younger Edda), are two collections of stories about Viking deities. They were made in around 9th to 13th century by Icelandic Christian historians. Although the Eddur are the most important written records remaining today about Norse mythology, they are not very reliable because Christians hated pagan religions, and they changed the original tales to make the Norse gods and goddesses look silly, lusty, and barbaric. The term "Edda" most likely refers to Oddi, a place where both Saemund Sigfusson (a cleric who is rumoured author of Older Edda), and Snorri Sturluson (a Christian politician, author of Younger Edda) lived.

isa: collection


fluid

title: Fluid

text: A fluid is a substance that can move easily and change shape such as water (liquids), or air (gases), or plasmas. They can 'flow'- flow and fluids both come from the same English word roots (Latin: fluere "to flow") and are pronounced similarly. The physics of fluids is called fluid mechanics. Fluids usually take on the shape of their containers, in contrast to solids which maintain their own shape. Some things are not exactly fluid and not exactly solid, such as Silly Putty. Powders are made up of small solids that appear to flow but don't actually. Most fluids have a freezing point. At this temperature it becomes solid.

isa: substance


fondue

title: Fondue

text: Originally, Fondue was a dish where pieces of bread, potatoes, or other vegetables were dipped into hot, molten cheese. Fondue is common in Switzerland, Piedmont, and Savoie. With the time, the meaning of fondue was extended: With Fondue bourguinonne, pieces of meat (usually beef) are dipped into hot oil. Fondue chinoise uses stripes of meat which are cooked. Fondue chinoise and Fondue bourguinonne are served with different sauces or dips. The cheese-based variety uses a mixture of cheese, white wine, and starch to prepare the molten cheese. Originally, fondue was prepared in the Western Alps, and Jura mountains-It was made with cheese, and local cheeses were used. The term was later also used for dishes which used other hot liquids, such as oil, water, or wine. Pieces of meat, fish , bread or vegetables are then dipped into the hot liquid. In the case of dishes made with meat, vegetables or fish, different dips are used as well. The varieties with chees often used pickled vegetables, or thinly cut sausages or dry meat.


girl

title: Girl

text: A girl is a young female human, either a child or a teenager. Little girls still have the body of a child. It is not until they reach puberty (which starts at age 12 on average) that their bodies start to mature and they become a woman. During puberty, a girl develops breasts, their hips and shoulders widen and they begin to have periods.

isa: human


gutter

title: Gutter (philately)

text: Gutter in philately (stamp collecting) is a space between printed stamps. Gutters may separate sheet of stamps in panes. They may, or may not, have some printing. The gutter between the stamps is often the same size as the postage stamp. There are other related philatelic terms: * Gutter pairs are two stamps separated by a gutter. * Gutter block is a block of at least four stamps separated by a gutter. * Gutter margin is a margin dividing a sheet of stamps into separate panes.

isa: stamp


heat

title: Heat

text: Heat, or thermal energy, is the sum of the kinetic energy of atoms or molecules. In thermodynamics, heat means energy which is moved between two things when one of them has a higher temperature than the other. Adding heat to something increases its temperature. Heat is not the same as temperature. The temperature of an object is the measure of the average speed of the moving particles in it. The energy of the particles is called the internal energy. When an object is heated, its internal energy can increase to make the object hotter. The first law of thermodynamics says that the increase in internal energy is equal to the heat added minus the work done on the surroundings. Heat can also be defined as the amount of thermal energy in a system. Thermal energy is the type of energy that a thing has because of its temperature. In thermodynamics, thermal energy is the internal energy present in a system in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium because of its temperature. Heat is defined as a spontaneous flow of energy (energy in transit) from one object to another, caused by a difference in temperature between two objects. Objects do not possess heat.

isa: sum


hunt

title: Hunting

text: Hunting is going out to find and kill animals. Animals and some humans, hunt for food. People have hunted at least since the stone age. They used spear s, and now people mostly use guns and bows. Some people kill the animals for fur, to make clothes and shelter, or to decorate their homes, or to sell. Fox hunting is sometimes a keeping animal populations from getting too high. Hunting too much, though, can kill off species of animals, making them extinct. Hunting once made the dodo, a bird, become extinct. Before they invented herding people got meat by hunting. Boar hunting and fox hunting became became popular in early modern times. Another form of hunting is not to use guns, bows and arrows or spears, but by animal trapping. Animal rights activists oppose to hunting. Anti-hunting laws (English Hunting Act 2004) strive to reduce hunting.


inflection

title: Inflection

text: Inflection (or inflexion) is a piece added to a word to express variations in grammar. The added bits are called affixes. They are prefixes (in front), suffixes (at the end) and infixes (in the middle). They are added to the root, the part of the word which does not change. Some languages such as Latin or Sanskrit have complex inflections that they apply to most of their words. Others, such as English, are less inflected. Some, such as Mandarin Chinese, use no inflections. Examples in English: * Write, writes, wrote, written are tenses of the verb to write. Inflecting a verb is called conjugation. * Sing, sang, sung * Dog, dogs is a noun inflected for number. Inflecting a noun is called declension. * Foot, feet * Mouse, mice * Child, children * Dog's, dogs are nouns in the genitive case, which means that the word after are owned by the dog or dogs. * I, me, and myself are all cases, or different word forms, of the first-person pronoun. *my can be used as adjective and mine can be used as pronoun. Hence can be considered as use of inflection apart from example of derivation


jujube

title: Jujube

text: Ziziphus jujuba, commonly known as the jujube, is a species of Ziziphus. It is in the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae). It is used mainly as a shade tree which also bears fruit. Trees can grow to heights of eight to ten meters if left uncut. The fruits of this tree were used to make bread, wine and preservatives, as well as being believed to cure certain ailments. It was used commonly in cough drops and other medicines, and its spread through trade and broad use is believed to be the reason for the widespread nature of the plant. Jujube fruits are one centimeter in diameter and are reported to have a sweet flavor. They are commonly consumed within other food products, but may also be dried or simply sold raw.


kava

title: Kava

text: Kava is a plant of the pepper family. It comes from Polynesia and other lands in the Pacific Islands. The roots of the plant are used to make a drink with sedative and anesthetic properties. Kava is used in many cultures in the Pacific Ocean, besides its native Polynesia. These include Hawaii, Vanuatu, Melanesia and some parts of Micronesia. Kava can relieve pain and make people calm. It is usually taken as a drug to relax without losing mental clarity in thinking and remembering. Evidence collected in studies show Kava is likely more effective than a placebo at helping calm some mild anxiety.

isa: plant


kino

title: Kino (band)

text: Kino ( , ) was a Soviet rock band formed in Leningrad in 1981 The band was co-founded and headed by Viktor Tsoi, who wrote the music and lyrics for almost all of the band's songs. Kino released over 90 songs, several studio albums, and a few live albums. Their music was widely recorded illegally. After the Soviet Union became more open, Kino became popular around the world. In 1989, they had a small concert in New York City. They also became very popular in Russia. Their album Gruppa Krovi was called one of the best works of Russian music. Viktor Tsoi died in a car accident in 1990. After releasing an album of the songs they were working on before Tsoi's death, Kino broke up. In 2012, on Tsoi's fiftieth birthday, the band reunited to record a song called 'Ataman'. This song would have been in their last album, but the only recording of it that they had was bad.


kvass

title: Kvass

text: Kvass is a fermented beverage made from black or regular rye bread. The colour of the bread used helps to make the colour of the drink. It is a non-alcoholic drink by Russian standards. This is because the alcohol content from fermentation is less than 1.2%. Overall, the alcohol content is low (0.05% - 1.0%). It is often flavoured with fruits or herbs such as strawberries, raisins or mint. Kvass is also used for preparing a cold summertime soup called okroshka. It is popular in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Estonia, and other Eastern and Central European countries, It is also popular in countries that used to be part of the USSR (former Soviet states), such as Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, where one can see many kvass vendors in the streets. Kvass is also popular in Harbin and Xinjiang, areas within China that are influenced by Russian culture.


lake

title: Lake

text: A lake (from Latin: lacus) is a large body of water (larger and deeper than a pond) within a body of land. As a lake is separated from the ocean, it is not a sea. Some lakes are very big, and people in the past sometimes called them seas. Lakes do not flow like rivers, but many have rivers flowing into and out of them. Most lakes on the surface of the Earth are fresh water and most are in the Northern Hemisphere. More than 60% of the lakes of the world are in Canada. Finland is known as The Land of the Thousand Lakes (there are 187,888 lakes in Finland, of which 60,000 are large). Many lakes are man-made reservoirs built to produce electricity, for recreation, or to use the water for irrigation or industry, or as drinking water. If there are not rivers flowing out of the lake (see Endorheic basin), or they are few and small, the lake loses water only by evaporation or because the water flows through the soil pores. Where the water evaporates rapidly and the soil around the lake has a high salt level, as in very dry places, the water of the lake has a high concentration of salt and the lake is called a salt lake. Examples of salt lakes are the Great Salt Lake, the Caspian Sea, the Aral Sea, and the Dead Sea.


light

title: Light

text: Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation. It is natural agent that stimulates sight and makes things easier to see. Light is the opposite of darkness. Light has a wavelength. Some wavelengths can be seen by the human eye. Others cannot. Many animals can see light. They need it to find food, water, and other things. Light makes up a part of both the electromagnetic spectrum and radiation given by stars, like the sun. The light that comes from the sun reaches the Earth and makes it bright. This is called daytime. Rainbows are a type of light and stars are a type of light too. The study of light is known as optics. When light hits an opaque object, it makes a shadow. When light hits a transparent object, it passes through it almost completely without making a significant shadow. Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation that shows properties of both waves and particles. It is a form of energy. Light also keeps the Earth warm. Light exists in tiny energy packets called photons. Each wave has a wavelength or frequency. The human eye sees each wavelength as a different color. Rainbows show the entire spectrum of visible light. The separate colors, moving in from the outer edges, are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Other colors can be seen only with special cameras or instruments: Wavelengths up the frequency of red are called infrared, and higher than of violet are called ultraviolet. The main properties of light are intensity, polarization, phase and orbital angular momentum. In physics, the term light sometimes means electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength, whether it can be seen or not.


moa

title: Moa

text: The moa were large, herbivores and were flightless birds with no wings. They lived only in New Zealand, and are now all extinct. There were nine species (in six genera) of Moa. The largest and best known were the genus Dinornis, which grew up to 3.6 meters (12 feet) tall, and weighed as much as 230 kilograms (510 pounds). The Māori people arrived in New Zealand from Oceania about 800 years ago. Then, moas lived in large numbers, especially on South Island. Archaeological sites with evidence of moa hunting are all over New Zealand. The moas became extinct about five hundred years ago. The moas had survived being hunted by Haast's eagle. However, they could not survive being hunted for food by the Maori. Recent extinctions (also mostly birds) have been caused by habitat change and introduced species.


muscat

title: Muscat

text: Muscat ( ) is the capital and largest city of The Sultanate of Oman. It is the largest city in the mintaqah (governorate) of Muscat. The city of Muscat has a population of 1.28 million people (2015). The official language is Arabic and English is used as an additional language for many purposes, including business and tourism purposes. Muscat is located on the north east coast of Oman. The city is 3,500 km 2 in size.

isa: capital


no

title: No

text: No is an English word that has a negative meaning. It is the opposite of the word yes, which is a positive term. No is used when someone is turning away something. It is also used when opposing an idea. It can also be used in different figures of speech. In both sentences and talking, the words "No" and the word "Not" can both be used, though the word "No" is mainly used when speaking to other people. In some cases, however, "Not" is not acceptable, and vice versa. These words are not to be confused with the similar sounding words know and knot. Examples of of "No" and "Not": *Is this green? No , it is not . *There is no way round the back. * This is not the way (but there is another way). * I will not come. * Oh, no ! * No , thank you. * Not on my watch! * I can not go anywhere. Examples of of "No" and "Not": * That is no the way you do it. * Oh no! * I know how to tie a knot. (Disambiguation) * I didn't not that! * I can no go. * Not way! When there are multiple "no's" in a sentence, if the number of "no's" is even then the "no's" together mean "yes" (because when saying "no no", the first no cancels the second no). If the number of "no"'s is odd then together they mean "no".


ovary

title: Ovary

text: Ovaries (singular: Ovary) are organs found in female organisms. Ovaries are part of the reproductive system needed to reproduce sexually. Most vertebrate animals have two ovaries. Birds usually have only one working ovary; snakes have one ovary in front of the other. The ovaries are similar to testicles in male organisms.


parrot

title: Parrot

text: Parrots are birds of the order Psittaciformes. There are about 372 species in 86 genera. They are found in most tropical and subtropical regions. The greatest diversity of parrots is found in South America and Australasia. Parrots are intelligent birds. They have relatively large brains, they can learn, and they can use simple tools. Because some species have the ability to make sounds like human voices and have plumages with bright colors, many species are kept as pets. This includes some endangered and protected species.

isa: bird


pasta

title: Pasta

text: Pasta is a food made from flour, starch and water. It is usually cooked in hot water before being eaten. Pasta has been very popular in Italy and has also been eaten in many parts of Asia for a long time. According to history, however, pasta's earliest roots begin in China, during the Shang Dynasty (1700-1100 BC), where some form of pasta was made with either wheat or rice flour. Pasta also appears to be a feature in the ancient Greek diet in the 1st millennium BC. Pasta is often noodles. It is usually eaten in sauce, fried or in soup. Pasta is usually made from either wheat flour or rice flour, but it can be made with other types of flour. Pasta sometimes has eggs in it. Pasta comes in many different shapes and sizes. Long pasta is named noodles. it has different names for each width. the name also changes if the edge is wavy. Short pasta comes in many shapes, each with a different name. they are named after what they look like. one common example is "bow-ties".

isa: food


pastry

title: Pastry

text: Pastry is the dough from which some baked products are made. Pastry dough is rolled out thinly and used as a base for baked products. It is made from ingredients such as flour, sugar, milk, butter, shortening, baking powder, and/or eggs. Common pastry dishes include pies, tarts, quiches and pasties. Pastry is also the name given to various kinds of baked products. Small cakes, tarts and other sweet or savoury baked products are called "pastries."

isa: dough


pavement

title: Road surface

text: A road surface, or pavement (American English), is the durable surface material laid down on an area intended for vehicle or foot traffic that is used primarily as a road surface. "Pavement" in British English generally refers to a sidewalk or walkway. In the past, permeable gravel surfaces, cobblestone and granite setts were extensively used. Those surfaces have mostly been replaced by asphalt or concrete laid on a compacted base course. Road surfaces are frequently marked to guide traffic. Permeable paving methods are now beginning to be used for low-impact roadways and walkways.

isa: down


pearl

title: Pearl

text: Pearls are made of a kind of material made by mollusks, like oysters. Pearls are small and often white but sometimes in pale colors or even black. They are often round, but sometimes half-round, oval, or in different shapes. Pearls are often used for jewelry. The pearl is the birthstone for the month June.


pedigree

title: Family tree

text: A family tree is a chart showing family relationships in a tree structure form. The more detailed family trees used in medicine, genealogy, and social work are known as genograms. As normally showed, a family tree "grows" down from the top, from the oldest generations at the top to the newer generations at the bottom. A tree showing the descendants of an individual (illustration right) will more closely look like a tree in shape; one showing the ancestors of an individual (illustration below in "The Family Tree of Sigmund") will be wider at the top than the bottom. When looking at the closer to the bottom of the tree, it will show more recent generations, and when looking farther up, there will be older generations. the oldest family members go on the right maybe the left.


pink

title: Pink

text: Pink is a light reddish color. Pink paint can be made by mixing red, rose or magenta paint and white paint. Pink is an easy color to make with paint mixing red and white.


planning

title: Planning

text: Planning is the way most organizations work to do big projects. It is thinking about what needs to happen, and then making a detailed plan. It may include a schedule. All humans plan to some extent: it is a fundamental property of intelligent behaviour. In big organisations and government planning is a main activity. It combines forecasting developments with scenarios of how to react to them. Forecasting is predicting what the future will look like, whereas planning predicts what the future should look like. The "nuts and bolts" of planning are the documents, diagrams, and meetings, the objectives and the strategy to be followed. Beyond this, planning has a different meaning depending on the context in which it is used. The counterpart to planning is self-organization, when order emerges spontaneously out of seeming chaos.

isa: work


promise

title: Promise

text: When a person agrees to do something or to not do something, that person is making a promise. A promise can be made verbally (by saying it), or it can be written down as a contract. Breaking a promise, or not keeping it, is often just bad manners, but it can sometimes be illegal, such as when a contract is not kept. A vow is a special promise. It is mostly used in a religious sense or in ceremonies such as marriages when the couple who are being married make their "marriage vows", promising to be faithful to one another. An oath is a promise in the legal sense. When someone has to give evidence in a court of law they "swear an oath". This means that they promise they will tell the truth.


puma

title: Puma

text: Pumas (Puma concolor), also called cougars, mountain lions, catamounts, or brown panthers, are large wild cats. They live in the western half of North America, Florida, and most of Central and South America.

isa: cat


quadruped

title: Quadruped walk

text: The quadruped walk is a vertebrate which walks on four legs. This is the basic locomotion of amphibia, reptiles and mammals. Those which walk on two legs or those which fly have evolved from the basic pattern. The scientific term for quadrupeds is Tetrapoda.

isa: vertebrate


remake

title: Remake

text: Remake means to create something again. It usually means a movie, television series or video game. A remake is similar to the original but usually changes some things. The changes could range from just more detailed art, to a whole new story. It may change the theme or target audience. A remake may change some parts of the plot. For example, the 1968 movie The Thomas Crown Affair is centered on a bank robbery. The 1999 remake involves the theft of a valuable painting. A lot of times, a remake changes graphics and art.


research

title: Research

text: Research is a way of looking for new information, new understanding, and new facts. A person who does research is called a researcher. Some researchers work in academia. Other researchers work for businesses, for organisations, or for the government. Research is often used for solving problems or increasing available knowledge. This can be done by testing theories and making observations. Research usually prefers to be systematic, organised, and objective. Research is used in many different fields of study such as science, mathematics, and the humanities.


review

title: Review

text: A review is an evaluation of a publication, service, or company. Popular reviews are about movies, video games, musical compositions or books. Other reviews are about cars, home appliances, or computers. An event or performance like a live music concert, play, musical theater show, dance show, or art exhibition are commonly reviewed. legal case decisions by a lower court may be reviewed by a higher court. In addition to a critical evaluation, the review's author may assign the work a rating to indicate its relative merit. Reviews are generally positive, neutral or negative.

isa: publication


separation

title: A Separation

text: A Separation ( , meaning The Separation of Nader from Simin) is a 2011 Iranian French Australian drama movie directed by Asghar Farhadi and starring Leila Hatami, Peyman Moaadi, Sarina Farhadi, Ali-Asghar Shahbazi, Sareh Bayat, Shahab Hosseini, Babak Karimi. It was nominated for 2 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 2012.


shortening

title: Shortening

text: Shortening is a semisolid fat used in baking. It makes foods crumbly. Shortening doesn't smoke as easily as butter or oil, and it is 100% fat. Butter is 80% fat and is more expensive than shortening. Shortening works by stopping long gluten polymers from forming in the food. It does not need to be refrigerated. It can make foods last longer. Shortening is mostly made from hydrogenated oils, which have trans fats in them. Trans fats can cause heart attacks. People making shortening try to take out the trans fats.

isa: fat


simian

title: Simian

text: The simians (infraorder Simiiformes) are the "higher primates". Familiar to most people are the Old World monkeys, New World monkeys, lesser apes and great apes (including humans). Simians tend to be larger than the "lower primates" or prosimians. The simians are sister to the tarsiers: together they make up the haplorhines. The radiation occurred about 60 million years ago during the Cenozoic era. 40 million years ago, simians from Afro-Arabia colonized South America (by what route is not known). This gave rise to the New World monkeys. The remaining simians (catarrhines) split 25 million years ago into Old World monkeys and apes.


sol

title: Sun

text: The Sun, also known as Sol, is a star at the center of the solar system. It is a white star that gives off different types of energy such as infrared energy (heat), ultraviolet light, radio waves and light. It gives off the light and heat that make life on Earth possible. Without it, Earth would be a frozen, lifeless place. It is a huge ball of hot gases, mostly hydrogen and helium. The Sun is nearly a perfect sphere and has a diameter of about 1.39 million kilometers (or 864,000 miles), which is about 109 times wider than Earth. Its mass is 333,000 times heavier than Earth, and it makes up over 99.8% of all the mass in the Solar System. That is why its gravity controls the movement of all the planets, moons, asteroids, and comets. The Sun’s energy comes from nuclear reactions deep inside it, where hydrogen is turned into helium. This process releases a lot of energy, which travels as light and heat across space to reach Earth. It takes about 8 minutes for sunlight to travel the 150 million kilometers (93 million miles) from the Sun to Earth. This distance is called 1 Astronomical Unit (AU). The Sun is also part of the Milky Way galaxy, slowly orbiting around the galaxy’s center at a distance of about 24,000 to 28,000 light-years. Its outer layer, called the photosphere, is mostly hydrogen (~73%) and helium (~25%), but also contains tiny amounts of other elements like oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron. The Sun is a type of star called a G-type main-sequence star, sometimes nicknamed a yellow dwarf, even though its light is actually white, not yellow. It looks yellow because of the atmosphere. Sunlight is made up of all the colors, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. When sunlight passes through Earth’s atmosphere, the shorter wavelengths, like blue and violet, get scattered in all directions. That is also why the sky looks blue. The longer wavelengths, like yellow and red, do not scatter as much, so they reach our eyes more directly. That is why the Sun looks yellow when it is seen from the ground. But if the Sun is seen from space, where there is no atmosphere, it would look white, which is its real color. The Sun was born about 4.6 billion years ago. It formed when a huge cloud of gas and dust in space began to collapse under its own gravity. Most of the material got pulled into the center, which became the Sun.

isa: center


stack

title: Stack (data structure)

text: The stack is one of the most important data structures in computer science. To understand how a stack works, think of a deck of playing cards that is face down. We can only easily access the card that is on top. When we want to look at the top card, there are two things we can do: we can peek at it, but leave it on the stack, or we can pop it off. When we pop off the top object, we are taking it off the stack. If we want to add another card to the top of the stack, we push. A stack is called a last-in-first-out (LIFO) collection. This means that the last thing we added (pushed) is the first thing that gets pulled (popped) off. If the last card we put on our stack of cards was an ace, then the first card we pulled from the top is that same ace.


sura

title: Sura

text: Surah (sometimes spelt sura or surat ( ), plural suwar ) is an Arabic term that literally means "something enclosed or surrounded by a fence or wall." A surah is a "chapter" of the Qur'an. They are traditionally ordered in order of length and begin with the shortest. Each surah is named for a word or name mentioned in an ayah (section), of that 'surah'.


tabby

title: Tabby cat

text: Tabby cat, also known as grey tiger, or simply tabby is the name for domestic cats with fur coats of stripes, dots, lines or swirling patterns. These cats often have a mark that looks like the letter "M" on their foreheads. Tabbies are not a cat breed. Tabby cats are very common. About two-thirds of the world's cat population are tabbies. The tabby pattern is in many pure breeds of cats, as well as in mixed breeds. The tabby pattern happens naturally because of cats' closest ancestor, the African Wildcat. It has the same colors and patterns.


team

title: Team

text: A team is a group of people who have a certain task to complete. In order to meet their target, the members of the group must work well with each other. Successful team - a group of people who tend to meet their target despite barriers. The group members cooperate with each other and take other members' ideas into consideration. Unsuccessful team - a group of people who have a very difficult time when attempting to complete a certain task. This may be because the members of the group think of only themselves and create an uncomfortable environment for other members of the team.

isa: person


throat

title: Throat

text: The throat is a part of the body. The throat is connected to the mouth at the top and to the stomach at the bottom. The throat is where food travels after being eaten and chewed by the teeth. Fluid drinks, such as water, also travel through the throat to the stomach and on to the rest of the body.


valve

title: Valve

text: A valve is a device that it is used to decrease or stop the flow of a fluid (like gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries). It can be installed for example in a pipe or a vessel. There are many types of valves. Some examples are: * globe valve * gate valve * butterfly valve * safety valve. They can be operated manually or automatically.

isa: device


vegan

title: Veganism

text: Veganism is a philosophy that says people should not use animals. There are vegans who choose not to eat animals, and vegans who choose not to use them in any other way either. Vegans do not eat or drink food that comes from animals, including meat, eggs and dairy products (like milk, cheese, and yogurt). A vegan diet is sometimes called a strict vegetarian diet. Some vegans also do not eat honey. Many vegans try not to use any other animal products, such as leather, wool, feathers, bone, or pearl. They also try not to buy or use products that have been tested on animals. They may support animal welfare and animal rights, and may campaign for these causes. Vegans eat fruits, vegetables, beans, grains, nuts, and seeds, and types of food made from them like vegan sweets, vegan cheese and vegan cakes. Dorothy Morgan and Donald Watson invented the word "vegan" in 1944 when they formed the Vegan Society in the United Kingdom.

isa: philosophy


wallow

title: Wallows

text: Wallows is an American alternative rock band based in Los Angeles. The band is composed of Dylan Minnette, Braeden Lemasters, and Cole Preston. The band began releasing songs independently in April 2017. In 2018, Wallows signed a deal with Atlantic Records and released their major-label debut EP, Spring. The band released their debut studio album, Nothing Happens, in 2019. It was followed by their 2020 EP Remote. The band released their second album Tell Me That It's Over in 2022. Their third album, Model, was released in 2024.


worship

title: Worship

text: Worship is a word often used in religion. It means to have much respect. If someone prays or gives thanks to God, people say that they are worshipping God. Worship can also be used as the name for a church service or similar event. This can be called an act of worship. An act of worship can be performed as a simple prayer or through an elaborate ceremony. It can be performed individually or in an informal or formal group. The Bible talks about many people worshipping God, for example Abraham builds an altar in Genesis 12:8. In Christianity, worship is the act of giving reverent honor and homage to God. Collective Christian worship is liturgical, characterized by prayers and hymns, with texts from the Bible. It is centered on the Eucharist, sacramental and ceremonial worship. As evidenced in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, worship together with adoration, prayer, and accomplishment of the promises and vows made to God are acts of the virtue of religion which fall under obedience to the first commandment. The Quran talks about worshipping Allah.


wrench

title: Wrench

text: A wrench (or spanner) is a tool used to provide grip and turn nuts and bolts, and similarly shaped objects. In British English, spanner is the standard term. The most common shapes are called open-ended spanner and ring spanner. The term wrench is generally used for tools that turn non-fastening devices (e.g. tap wrench and pipe wrench), or may be used for a monkey wrench – an adjustable spanner. What a wrench or spanner does is to grip. Pulling or pushing the handle to rotate gives mechanical advantage. It applies torque to turn objects – usually rotary fasteners, such as nuts and bolts – or keep them from turning.

isa: tool


yaw

title: Yaws

text: Yaws is a tropical chronic disfiguring and debilitating childhood infectious disease of the skin, bones, joints and cartilage. It is also known as frambesia tropica, thymosis, polypapilloma tropicum, parangi, bouba, frambösie, and pian. It is caused by the spirochaete bacterium Treponema pallidum pertenue. The organism that causes yaws, Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue, is closely related genetically to T. pallidum subspecies pallidum, which causes syphilis, bejel and pinta Yaws is cured with a single oral dose of an inexpensive antibiotic called azithromycin or also benzathine penicillin. Humans are currently believed to be the only reservoir. Transmission is from person to person. About 75–80% of people affected by yaws are children under 15 years of age. It most commonly occurs in children aged 6–10 years, and males and females are equally affected. Most lesions occur on the limbs. The incubation period is 9–90 days, with an average of 21 days. The disease begins with a round, hard swelling of the skin, two to five centimeters in diameter. The center may break open and form an ulcer. This usually heals after three to six months. The diagnosis of the ulcerative form is more challenging and requires serological confirmation. Without treatment, infection can lead to chronic disfigurement and disability. After several weeks, or even years later, the joints and bones may become painful, fatigue may develop, and new skin sores may appear. The skin of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet may become thick and break open. The bones (especially those of the nose) may change shape. After five years or more large areas of skin can die. This leaves large scars. Secondary yaws occurs weeks to months after the primary infection and typically presents with multiple raised yellow lesions or pain and swelling of long bones and fingers (dactylitis). Yaws is spread by touching the fluid from the sores of a person with the disease. The disease is most common among children, who spread it by playing together. Other similar diseases are caused by different strains of the same bacterium, such as syphilis (Treponema pallidum pallidum). Once the lesions have appeared doctors are able to tell it is yaws. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the best method of diagnosis. Other tests are Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) and rapid plasma reagin (RPR), widely used to diagnose treponemal infections (for example, syphilis and yaws).