agglomerate

title: Tuff

text: Tuff (from Italian tufo) is a type of rock produced by the eruption of volcanoes. It consists of consolidated volcanic ash ejected from vents during a volcanic eruption. Rock with more than 50% tuff is called tuffaceous. The chemical and mineral composition of tuff varies according to what was in the molten magma. Dissolved gases in the magma commonly come out of solution as small bubbles, under the lower temperature and pressure on the surface. In a volcanic eruption, magma is blown apart by volcanic gases and steam. The products are volcanic gases, lava, steam, and tephra (fragments). The solid material produced and thrown into the air is called tephra, regardless of composition or fragment size. If the pieces of ejecta are small, the material is called volcanic ash, defined as such particles less than 2 mm in diameter, sand-sized or smaller. These particles are small, slaggy pieces of magma and rock that have been tossed into the air by outbursts of steam and other gases.


agriculture

title: Agriculture

text: Agriculture is made up of livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries, forestry, animal husbandry and farming (or crop production). From agriculture one can get food and non-food products.


ambulatory

title: Ambulatory

text: The ambulatory (Medieval Latin ambulatorium) is the covered passage around a cloister. The term is sometimes applied to the procession way around the east end of a cathedral or large church. This is usually behind the high altar.

isa: passage


atmosphere

title: Atmosphere

text: An atmosphere is a layer of gases that create an astronomical object, that is held in place by the gravity. A planet has an atmosphere when the gravity is great and the temperature of the atmosphere is low.

isa: layer


average

title: Average

text: An average is the "normal" number of a group of numbers made by mixing the group of numbers. In math, an average is called a mean. It can be found by adding the numbers, then dividing the answer by the amount of numbers there were. There are different kinds of mean, and other things that are sometimes thought of as "average" such as median or mode (statistics).


badger

title: Badger

text: Badgers are short-legged mammals found across Europe, Africa, North America and Asia.


balcony

title: Balcony

text: A balcony is a kind of floor at a certain height, which stands out from the building. Usually, there is some kind of balustrade so people do not fall off. There is a possibility to protect the balcony with a glazing. So called balcony glazings are important for certain areas that are heavily influenced by weather or noise. Assemblers, which create designs and static evaluation for the balcony glazing, are necessary to integrate the glazing conform with regulations and laws. Because if the glazing is assembled in the wrong way, parts could fall off and damage property or persons. Unlike a terrace, balconies and also their balustrade need a static evaluation, so they don't take damage over time and can permanentely hold their visitors. Balcony in Rome.jpg|Balcony with flowers, in Rome Balcone di Giulietta a Verona.jpg|Julia's balcony in William Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet


banquet

title: Banquet

text: A banquet is a large public meal or feast, complete with main dishes and desserts. It usually serves a purpose, such as a ceremony, or a celebration. Sometimes a banquet is made only of desserts.

isa: meal


bicycle

title: Bicycle

text: A bicycle (or bike) is a small, human powered land vehicle with a seat, two wheels, two pedals, and a metal chain connected to cogs on the pedals and rear wheel. A frame gives the bike strength, and the other parts are attached to the frame. The name comes from the prefix bi (meaning two) and the suffix cycle (meaning wheel). It is powered by a person riding on top, who pushes the pedals around with his or her feet. Riding bicycles, which is also called cycling, is an important way to travel in several parts of the world. The most popular type of cycling is Utility cycling. It is also a common kind of recreation, a good form of low-impact exercise, and a popular sport. According to one study, road bicycle racing is the eighth most popular spectator sport in the world. Cycling uses less energy per mile than any other human transport.


bird

title: Bird

text: Birds (Aves) are a group of animals with backbones. Birds are the only dinosaurs that survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction, and are part of the theropod group of dinosaurs. The word for "bird-like" is avian, from Latin language avis, bird. Birds are warm blooded. Their feathers help prevent loss of body heat. Modern birds do not have teeth. They have beaked jaws. Birds lay hard-shelled eggs. They have a high metabolic rate and a strong but lightweight skeleton. Their hearts have four chambers. Birds live all over the world. They range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) bee hummingbird to the 2.70 m (9 ft) ostrich. There are about ten thousand species of birds. More than half of these are passerines, or perching birds. Birds have wings. The wings develop differently in different species. The only known groups of birds without wings are the extinct moa and the elephant birds. Wings evolved from the forelimbs of birds. They give birds the ability to fly. Over time, many groups of birds evolved with smaller wings. These include ratites, penguins and many island species of birds. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also adapted for flight. Some bird species in aquatic environments have evolved as good swimmers. This is seen in seabirds and some waterbirds. In general, birds inherit their behaviour almost entirely. The key elements of their lives are inherited. It was a great discovery that birds never learn to fly. It is wrong to say when a chick waves its wings in the nest that "it is learning to fly". What the chick is doing is exercising its muscles. If they are a species that flies, they develop the ability automatically. If they are species that migrates, that behaviour is also inherited. Many species migrate over great distances each year. Other main features of their life may be inherited, though they can, and do, learn. Birds have good memories, An example of this is when they search for food. Several bird species make and use tools. Some social species pass on some knowledge across generation. This is a form of culture. Birds are social animals. They communicate with visual signals as well as with calls and bird songs. Most of their social behaviours are inherited. Examples of this include flocking, mobbing of predators and cooperative breeding and hunting, Most bird species are socially monogamous; they usually mate for one breeding season at a time. They may mate for years. It is rare that these birds will mate for life.

isa: animal


bureau

title: Chest of drawers

text: A chest of drawers (also called a dresser) is a piece of furniture. It is made of lots of horizontal drawers. Chests of drawers are usually used for storing clothing, such as underwear and socks.

isa: furniture


butcher

title: Butcher

text: A butcher is person whose job is to prepare and sell meat. Some butchers also kill the animals the meat is from. Butchers also prepare sausages, and other meat-products.


cabin

title: Log cabin

text: A log cabin or log home is a house built from wooden logs. They were first built in Norway, but are usually associated with woody areas of the United States, and especially with pioneer culture. U.S. president Abraham Lincoln was born in a log cabin, and that is the basis for the toy "Lincoln Logs". Log cabins have also been a symbol in American politics, as some Presidents said they were born in log cabins to make them seem closer to the people. One group of Republicans who dislike some of the stands of the Republican Party call themselves "Log Cabin Republicans". Today's log cabins typically have all the conveniences of other modern homes. Log cabin "kits" are available, and are mainly used for vacation homes.


caltrop

title: Caltrop

text: Caltrops are spiked weapons used against men and horses since at least as early as Roman times. Later versions were designed to deflate automobile tires. They are a type of anti-personnel weapon, and anti-vehicular weapon. Japanese samurai used a similar weapon, the makibishi. Iron caltrops were used as early as 331 BC at Gaugamela. They were known to the Romans as tribulus, meaning 'jagged iron'. They were used in the Battle of Carrhae in 51 BC. The Roman writer Vegetius, discussed scythed chariots in his De Re Militari: In more modern times, they were used by both the Allies and Axis during World War II to puncture the tires of wheeled vehicles. Improvised caltrops, usually made of welded nails, have also been used occasionally by labor activists in the United States during strikes to destroy the tires of vehicles belonging to management and replacement workers. In the labor context, these devices are more often called jack rocks. A recent example of the use of jack rocks in labor disputes was in 2012, allegedly by two men on a picket line at an aluminum products plant in West Virginia.


captive

title: Captivity (animal)

text: Animals who live under human control or care are in captivity. Captivity can be used as a term meaning the keeping of either domesticated animals (livestock, pets) or wild animals. This may include for example farms, private homes and zoos. Sometimes humans take care of critically endangered animals and therefore these animals are in captivity. If there is a species that only exist in captivity, it is known by the ICUN Red List as extinct in the wild


categorization

title: Categorization

text: Categorization is the fact that people recognize similarities of different things, and put these things into groups, called categories. Categorization is one of the most fundamental cognitive abilities. As such it is studied by psychologists and people interested in behaviour. People form these categories either because of other things they know (pre-existing knowledge), or by comparing them with other similar entities. While the categories use in science rarely have exceptions, categories in everyday life often do. As an example: Neither Rheas nor ostriches can fly, yet even children will classify them as birds. Today, scientists tell us that other animals, such as the great apes, horses or even doves have the ability to form categories.

isa: fact


celluloid

title: Celluloid

text: Celluloid is the name of a group of compounds made from nitrocellulose and camphor, plus dyes and other agents. It was the first thermoplastic. It was first called Parkesine in 1856, then Xylonite in 1869 and then Celluloid in 1870. Celluloid is easily molded and shaped. It was first widely used as an ivory replacement, in billiard balls for example. In the early 20th century it was used in most photographic film. Celluloid catches fire very easily and also easily breaks down, and is no longer widely used. Its most common uses today are for making table tennis balls and guitar picks.

isa: compound


clit

title: Clitoris

text: The clitoris is a female genital organ. It includes erectile tissue, glands, muscles and ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels. In an embryo, there is a small raised point that grows into a clitoris in girls or a penis in boys. Inside the penis, there is the urethra, but there is no urethra in the clitoris. In women, the urethra is hidden behind the clitoris and in front of the vagina. Penises with male urethras are used daily for urination, and can be used for sex: semen passes out of the body through the male urethra. Although the parts are placed differently, the clitoris is a match to the male penis. The clitoris causes females sexual pleasure, arousal, and orgasm. Rubbing or applying other consistent pressure to it is usually needed to help the female have an orgasm. During sexual arousal, erectile tissue fills with blood. This causes the clitoris to grow. It grows until orgasm happens. Also during arousal, touching the clitoris and other sensitive areas of the female genitals makes a woman's vagina change shape and release a lubricant. The lubricant and change of shape makes it easier for a man's penis to enter a woman and for sex to occur. Most of the clitorial body is hidden inside the hood, but only a small part of it may be seen outside the body. Adding the outside and inside parts, the clitoris is about the same size as the penis. The clitoris and penis grow from the same tissue in the womb; they bear many similar parts.

isa: organ


cloister

title: Cloister

text: A Cloister is a term in architecture. It describes a structure which is usually found in monasteries, churches and old colleges. It is a rectangular open space surrounded by covered walks or open galleries. It has open arcades on the inner side, running along the walls of buildings and forming a quadrangle.


conflict

title: Conflict

text: A conflict is a struggle between people which may be physical, or between very different ideas. The word comes from the Latin verb , which means to come together for a battle. Conflicts can either be within one person, or they can involve several people or groups. Conflicts arise because there are needs, values or ideas that are seen to be different, and there is no means to reconcile the dispute. Very often, conflicts lead to fights or even wars (in the case where conflicts are solved with weapons). Conflict between ideas is usually fought with propaganda.

isa: person


costume

title: Costume

text: A costume is a set of clothes that someone wears to look different from what they normally wear. Some costumes are special to countries or regions. Some people wear them because they are proud of their country. Actors in theatres wear costumes because they are pretending to be a person in a play or ballet. Costumes can also be worn for carnivals or parties.


crate

title: Crate

text: A crate is a type of container often used in shipping. It can be made of wood, but crates made to carry bottles are often plastic. Steel and aluminium crates are also used.


daydream

title: Daydream

text: Daydreaming is a short-term detachment from one's immediate surroundings. During a daydream, a person's contact with reality is blurred. External reality is second to a visionary fantasy. There are many types of daydreams, and there is no agreed definition. However, the characteristic that is common to all forms of daydreaming is a mild separation from the person's surroundings. Daydreams are under conscious control, so they differ from dreams, but they do have a kind of dream-like fantasy quality. Although daydreaming in children may be frowned upon by parents and teachers, it seems quite normal. There is evidence which suggests daydreaming is associated with mental health and stability.

isa: detachment


dinner

title: Dinner

text: Dinner is a word with a few different meanings. In North America dinner usually means a large meal that is eaten in early evening. Sometimes dinner can mean a meal eaten in the middle of the day. This meaning is more common in the Southern United States and the United Kingdom . A more formal definition of "dinner", especially outside North America, is any meal that has several courses. The minimum number of course is often regarded as two but there can be as many as seven. If there is only one course and it is the main meal of the day, then it is called dinner. Dinner is very important to some cultures. Dinner is a large part, often a tradition, on many American holidays including Thanksgiving and Christmas.


dung

title: Feces

text: Feces (or faeces), also called poo, poop, or stool is the body's solid waste left over from eating food. Human feces leave the intestinal tract and are removed from the body through the anus. Feces are known for their unpleasant odor. The color, which can range from dark green through brown (the most common color) to bright yellow, depends on a lot of different things; for example, different foods can change the color of feces, so can some illnesses, like diarrhea. The consistency of feces changes too. In humans it is measured using the Bristol stool scale, a system for separating feces into seven different types. It is used for medical diagnosis. Although feces are generally thought to be waste, they actually have many uses. Feces are used by some scientists to follow animal populations. Feces from animals and humans can be used to create fertilizers for plant crops. Some feces are also used as a fuel for fires. Animals can also poop. In informal language, there are many words for feces. These are often offensive or even vulgar. In popular culture, there are a few books about feces. Most of these books are for children. One is called Everyone Poops. It was written by Tarō Gomi, who is from Japan.


dustpan

title: Dustpan

text: A dustpan is a cleaning utensil. It is similar to a shovel but flat and is used to collect dust and debris that is swept with a broom or brush. It is held with one hand while the broom is used with the other to move the trash inside the dustpan. Often a dustpan connects to a broom to make storing it more simple.


escarpment

title: Scarp (landform)

text: Scarp is a term in geology and geography with several similar meanings. *A scarp is a cliff or steep slope. The word is derived from the Italian scarpa, meaning 'shoe'. **The surface of the steep slope is called a scarp face. *A fault scarp is a steep cliff made by movement along one side of a fault. *An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that occurs from faulting and resulting erosion. It separates two relatively level areas of different height. **A cuesta is an asymmetric ridge with an escarpment on one side and a gentle dip slope on the other side.


expense

title: Expense

text: An expense, also sometimes called an expenditure, is when money is given in exchange for a good or service. In accounting, expense has a very specific meaning. It is when cash or some other valuable object goes from a person or company to another person or company.


following

title: Following

text: Following is a 1998 British drama thriller movie directed by Christopher Nolan. It stars Jeremy Theobald, Alex Haw, Lucy Russell, and John Nolan. It was released on September 12, 1998. This was Christopher Nolan's first movie. It tells the story of a young man who follows strangers around the streets of London and is drawn into a criminal underworld when he fails to keep his distance. As Christopher Nolan's debut feature, it was designed to be as inexpensive as possible to make: scenes were heavily rehearsed so that just one or two takes were needed, thus economizing on 16 mm film stock, the production's greatest expense, and for which Nolan was paying from his salary. Without expensive professional lighting equipment, Nolan mostly used available light. Apart from writing, directing, and photographing the film, Nolan also helped in editing and production. Instead of fighting against the limitations of the production, Christopher Nolan allowed them to dictate everything from the film’s structure, to its handheld shooting style, to the 16mm film it was shot on, to black-and-white stock, and setting the scene during the day and place the characters next to windows or in natural sunlight as much as possible. Nolan has explained it in a detailed interview with VICE.


fruit

title: Fruit

text: In botany, a fruit is a plant structure that contains the plant's seeds. To a botanist, the word fruit is used only if it comes from the part of the flower which was an ovary. It is an extra layer round the seeds, which may or may not be fleshy. However, even in the field of botany, there is no general agreement on how fruits should be classified. Many do have extra layers from other parts of the flower. In general speech, and especially in cooking, some fruits are a sweet product, but not all fruits are sweet, most fruits are fruity and edible, and many botanical fruits are known as vegetables. This is how ordinary people use the words. On this page, we describe what botanists call a fruit. The fleshy part of a fruit is called the mesocarp. It is between the fruit's skin (exocarp) and the seeds. The white part of an apple, for example, is the "fleshy" part of the apple. Usually, when we eat a fruit, we eat the "fleshy" part.

isa: structure


furniture

title: Furniture

text: Furniture is the word that means all the things like chairs, tables, cupboards, beds and bookcases, etc. In other words, furniture are all the things that are in the house and that people can use to sit, to lie on or that are supposed to contain smaller things like cloths or cups. Furniture is made of wood, particle boards, leather, screws etc. Different rooms have different furniture for different purposes. Offices have office furniture such as desks and office chairs. Dining rooms have a table and dining chairs. Theaters and classrooms have rows of seats facing forward. Bedroom furniture includes a bed covered by sheets, a bedspread and maybe a blanket and pillow . Next to the bed is the nightstand or night table. A lamp may be on the nightstand. The dresser has drawers for clothes. On top of a dresser may be a mirror.


girth

title: Girth

text: Girth is the circumference of a cylindrical object, such as a tree trunk. Girth is sometimes used by postal services and delivery companies as basis for pricing. For example, (for at least one delivery company), if one has a box to ship, it has three sides: length (the longest side) and height and width. The girth in this case is 2 * (height + width).

isa: circumference


glitter

title: Glitter

text: Glitter is a sparkly material made out of tiny pieces (usually aluminum or plastic). Because it reflects light in many different directions, glitter sparkles.

isa: material


headshot

title: Headshot

text: A headshot (or head shot) is a photograph of a person's face. It is a form of portraiture. The purpose of a headshot is to show the subject's personality, or character. Headshots are used in the modelling and acting businesses and is vital to the careers of many business and sales executives who use them on business cards, company web sites and social media sites like [http://www.linkedin.com LinkedIn]. Most actors have a headshot that they will provide to employers. Headshots are a separate specialty career path branch for several photographers who make or have made careers in this kind of photography. Examples include [http://www.karsh.org/ Yousuf Karsh (1908-2002)], [http://www.phoenixheadshots.net Yucel Yalim (1958)], [https://cmqheadshots.com Cindy Quinn (1960)] and [http://www.Headshotcrew.com Peter Hurley].


hyoid

title: Hyoid

text: The hyoid is a horseshoe-shaped bone in the front of the neck. between the chin and the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple). At rest, it lies at the level of the mandible in the front and the third cervical vertebra behind. Unlike other bones, the hyoid is not directly connected to other bones. It is connected only to muscles and ligaments. The hyoid aids in tongue movement and swallowing. The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind.

isa: bone


line

title: Line

text: A line is the path of one point that is moving. A line is a type of geometric figure. A line has length, but no width. A line is made up of an endless number of points.

isa: path


margin

title: Margins

text: In typesetting, the page margins (with header and footer) are the borders of the page outside of the regular text to be shown. There are 4 main margins: :* top margin (or: header) - the top (upper) border of the page :* bottom margin (or: footer) - the lower border of the page :* left margin - the lefthand-side border of the page :* right margin - the righthand-side border of the page Other special margins can be used, beyond the typical 4, to provide additional margin settings on a page.

isa: border


metal

title: Metal

text: Some chemical elements are called metals. Most elements in the periodic table are metals. These elements usually have the following traits: # They can conduct electricity and heat. # They can be shaped easily. # They have a shiny appearance. # They have a high melting point. Most metals are solid at room temperature, but this does not have to be the case. Mercury is liquid. Alloys are mixtures, where at least one part of the mixture is a metal. Examples of metals are aluminium, copper, iron, tin, gold, lead, silver, titanium, uranium, and zinc. Well-known alloys include bronze and steel. The study of metals is called metallurgy.

isa: metal


mix

title: Mixture

text: In chemistry, a mixture is a substance that is made up of two or more simpler substances. These substances can be chemical elements or compounds. A mixture can be made of liquids, solids, or gases.

isa: substance


muscle

title: Muscle

text: Muscle is a tissue in animal bodies. Muscles are basically tissue which may contract (shorten). They usually attach to bones and are the way animals move. Their main purpose is to help us to move our body parts. They are one of the major systems of all animal bodies. When a muscle is activated it contracts, making itself shorter and thicker, thereby pulling its ends closer.

isa: tissue


nighthawk

title: Nighthawks

text: Nighthawks is an oil painting. It was painted by American realist painter Edward Hopper in 1942. The picture shows three people sitting in a diner late at night. It is Hopper's most famous work. It is one of the most recognizable paintings in American art. Within months of its completion, it was sold to the Art Institute of Chicago for $3,000. It hangs in the Institute.


oatmeal

title: Oatmeal

text: Oatmeal is a meal, usually porridge, made of oats. It is normally made for breakfast. Oatmeal can also be steel-cut oats, crushed oats, or rolled oats. Occasionally, brown sugar, honey, chocolate chips, jelly, or other items are added to oatmeal. It makes a tasty treat for all to enjoy. It is looked forward to as a light meal.

isa: meal


ontology

title: Ontology

text: Ontology is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality. It is part of the major branch of philosophy known as metaphysics. Ontology deals with questions about what things exist or can be said to exist, and how such entities can be grouped according to similarities and differences.

isa: study


phosphate

title: Phosphate

text: A phosphate is a salt of phosphoric acid. Phosphates are important in biochemistry. Phosphates have the formula PO 4 3- and a molar mass of 94.973 g/mol. An example of a phosphate is sodium phosphate. Three different types of phosphates are known. They are orthophosphate, PO 4 3- ; metaphosphate, PO 3 2- ; and pyrophosphate, P 2 O 7 3- . They have a combining power of 3.

isa: salt


pizza

title: Pizza

text: Pizza is an Italian food that was created in the Naples area, Southern Italy. It is made with different toppings. Some of the most common toppings are mozzarella (a kind of cheese), sausages, pepperoni, vegetables, tomatoes, spices, herbs, and basil. These toppings are added over a piece of bread covered with sauce. The sauce is most often tomato-based, but butter-based sauces are used, too. The piece of bread is usually called a "pizza crust". Almost any kind of topping can be put over a pizza. The toppings used are different in different parts of the world. Pizza comes from Italy, from Neapolitan cuisine. However, it has become popular in many parts of the world.


prize

title: Prize

text: A prize is an award given to a person or a group of people to reward good work. Official prizes often include monetary rewards as well as the fame that comes with them. Some prizes are given out in famous ceremonies, such as the Oscars. Prizes are given for a number of reasons: as an honour for special persons, for exemplary behaviour and to provide incentives in competitions, etc. In general, prizes are regarded in a positive light, and their winners are admired. However, many prizes, especially the more famous ones, have often caused controversy and jealousy. Specific types of prizes include: * First prize, second prize, third prize etc. * Consolation prize: an award given to those who do not win an event but are deserving of recognition. * Booby prize: typically awarded as a joke to whoever finished last.

isa: given


quartet

title: Quartet

text: Generally speaking, a quartet is a group of four. In music, a quartet is a group of four people playing or singing four different parts to make a piece of music, such as a string quartet or a barbershop quartet.

isa: four


railroad

title: Rail transport

text: Rail transport is the movement of passengers and goods using wheeled vehicles called trains, made to run on railway tracks. In most countries, this transportation method helps trade and economic growth. Railways (British English) or railroads (American English) provide an energy-efficient way to transport material over land. The railway tracks are a large part of the system and provide smooth and hard surfaces on which the wheels of the train roll with a little friction. Also, the track spreads the weight of the train which means larger loads can be carried than with trucks on roads. Rail transport started to be important in the Industrial Revolution. In France the areas that adopted steam-power quicker in the mid-1800s got more jobs (122% more) and higher wages than other areas which were slower. The first railroads were built in England. Rolling stock on rails generally encounters lower frictional resistance than rubber-tyre d road vehicles, allowing rail cars to be coupled into longer trains. Power is usually provided by diesel or electrical locomotives. While railway transport is capital-intensive and less flexible than road transport, it can carry heavy loads of passengers and cargo with greater energy efficiency and safety. Modern rail transport began with the invention of the steam locomotive in Great Britain around 1800. The first passenger railway, the Stockton and Darlington Railway, opened in 1825. The quick spread of railways throughout Europe and North America, following the 1830 opening of the first intercity connection in England, between Liverpool and Manchester, was a key part of the Industrial Revolution. Rail transport lowered shipping costs compared to water transport, leading to "national markets" in which prices varied less from city to city. In the 1880s, railway electrification began with tramways and rapid transit systems. Starting in the 1940s, steam locomotives were replaced by diesel locomotives. The first high-speed railway system was introduced in Japan in 1964, and high-speed rail lines now connect many cities in Europe, East Asia, and the eastern United States. Following some decline due to competition from cars and fixed-wing aircrafts, rail transport has had a revival in recent decades due to road congestion and rising fuel prices, as well as governments investing in rail as a means of reducing CO 2 emissions.

isa: movement


saw

title: Saw

text: A saw is a tool used to cut things. There are many kinds of saw. Some of them are hand tools that work with muscle power, like the saw in the picture. Some saws have other sources of power and can be very powerful, such as a chainsaw that is used to cut down trees. The work carried out with a saw is usually noisy. Using a saw to cut materials is dangerous because of sharp teeth. Care must be taken not to let sharp edges touch the skin. Parts of the material being cut can fly off the work and become a hazard to breathing, to eyes and to the skin.

isa: tool


scythe

title: Scythe

text: A scythe ( , from Old English siðe. ) is an agricultural tool for mowing grass or reaping crops. It was replaced by horse-drawn machines and then tractors, but is still used in some areas of Europe and Asia.


side

title: Side

text: In geometry, a side is a straight line that is part of a shape. A shape made of straight lines is called a polygon. The number of sides on a polygon can be written as n . A side can also mean the face of a 3D shape. A 3D shape made of flat faces is called a polyhedron. The number of faces on a polyhedron can be written as F . As an example, the square on the right has four sides. The sides in this picture are made with black straight lines. The four sides are: # the black straight line from A to B # the black straight line from B to C # the black straight line from C to D # the black straight line from D to A

isa: line


slide

title: Slide

text: In photography, a slide is a thin translucent photograph bound in paper, plastic or similar frame and often used for projection with use of a slide projector for a slideshow. The terms reversal film and transparency are also used. One can distinguish it from negative and print. Image:Slide.jpg|A single slide, showing a color transparency in a plastic frame Image:Ferraniacolor_R01.jpg|Italian reversal film from the 1950s: Ferraniacolor Image:Diapositive.jpg|Slide frames, 1940 (metal) to 1985 (plastic) Image:Diabetrachter.jpg|Slide viewer Image:Slide_frame_60x60_hg.jpg|Slide frame 6x6 cm

isa: bound


smith

title: The Smiths

text: The Smiths were an English rock band from Manchester. They formed in 1982 and split up in 1987. They released four studio albums. The band consisted of Morrissey (singing), Johnny Marr (guitar), Andy Rourke (bass) and Mike Joyce (drums). Critics have called them the most important alternative rock band to emerge from the British independent music scene of the 1980s. Q magazine writer Simon Goddard wrote that The Smiths were the one truly important group of the 1980s, "the most influential British guitar group of the decade" and the first independent group to become successful in the main music scene. The band was based on the songwriting partnership of Morrissey and Marr. They signed to the independent record label Rough Trade Records. On this, they released four studio albums: The Smiths (1984), Meat Is Murder (1985), The Queen Is Dead (1986) and Strangeways, Here We Come (1987). They have also released several compilations, and many singles that were not released on any of their studio albums. The Smiths had several singles reach the UK top twenty. All four of their albums reached the UK top five, including one which topped the charts. They won a large following of fans. The band had limited commercial success outside the UK while they were still together. The band broke up in 1987 and have refused several offers to reunite. The music focuses on a guitar, bass and drum sound. They blend 1960s rock and post-punk. This sounded very different to the synthesiser-based contemporary dance pop that was popular in the early 1980s. Marr's guitar playing on his Rickenbacker often had a jangly sound influenced by Roger McGuinn of the 1960s group The Byrds. It influenced later bands from Manchester, such as The Stone Roses and Oasis. Morrissey's lyrics combined stories about ordinary people's lives with a sense of humour.


southwest

title: Southwest

text: Southwest is the direction halfway between south and west. It is the opposite of northeast.

isa: south


sprout

title: Universal Kids

text: Universal Kids was a brand for preschool-oriented programmes distributed by DreamWorks Animation, satellite and television network owned by the NBCUniversal Cable Entertainment Group subsidiary of NBCUniversal, itself a division of Comcast.


stratum

title: Strata

text: Strata are layers of rock, or sometimes soil. In nature, strata come in many layers. It is a term in sedimentary and historical geology; the singular is stratum. The study of strata is called stratigraphy. These layers are laid down as sediment, often in the sea, and are slowly changed by pressure, heat and chemical action into rocks. The strata are often typical of a particular time and place, and allow geologists to relate rocks in different places. For instance, chalk was laid down in the Upper Cretaceous period, and consists mainly of the remains of microscopic algae called coccoliths. In normal strata, the later strata are laid down on earlier strata in horizontal layers. In the long passage of time, sedimentary rocks may get deformed by huge forces in the Earth: volcanism, orogeny (mountain building) or other causes. Then it requires research to work out what has happened to the strata. When strata rise above sea level they get worn down by erosion, such as weather. This causes gaps in the sequence of strata, which may have risen and sunk many times in Earth history. These gaps are called unconformities in geological jargon.

isa: layer


string

title: String instrument

text: A string instrument is a musical instrument that makes sound by vibrating the strings on it. The strings are plucked or bowed to produce sounds. Each string has a different frequency. The desired frequency can be obtained by adjusting the tension on the string. The strings on these instruments usually come in many shapes and forms. There are many types of stringed instruments, the most common of these appearing in the Violin family. The Violin is a small, stringed instrument played with a bow, usually made of horse's hair. When the bow is drawn across the strings it creates vibrations which in turn create sound. You can alter the pitch by pressing your fingers on the fingerboard. A Violin is commonly tuned to G, D, A and E. The Viola is a very similar instrument aside from some small differences. It's slightly larger, and is tuned to C, G, D, and A. The Cello is another stringed instrument that is played in the bass clef. It's much bigger than the Violin, and is also played much differently. There are also plucked strings, the most famous of which would probably be the guitar. The guitar uses a fret board and a pick to pluck the strings while holding down on the fret board. It was made famous by rock groups like Led Zeppelin and artists like Eric Clapton. You play by strumming with one hand while choosing notes on the fret-board (string board) with the other. Banjos are also very similar. You can also pluck a violin, this is called Pizzicato. Here is a very basic list of some of the most common stringed instruments: *Banjo *Banjobass *Banjocello *Banjola *Banjolin *Banjotar *Dobro *Dobrobass *Dobrocello *Dobrola *Dobrolin *Dobronjo *Guitandobass *Guitandocello *Guitandola *Guitandolin *Guitanjo *Guitar *Guitarla *Guitarlin *Mandobass *Mandocello *Mandola *Mandolin *Mandotar *Ukela *Ukelalin *Ukelin *Ukulele *Violin *Viola *Violalin *Cello *Double bass *String bass *Harp

isa: instrument


sunrise

title: Sunrise

text: Sunrise is the instant at which the upper edge of the Sun appears above the horizon in the east. Its opposite is the sunset.


villa

title: Villa

text: A villa was originally a style of house built for the upper classes in ancient Rome. This style of architecture has been kept and adapted upon. The villas in Italy have gradually evolved into luxurious houses. Today, the word villa can refer to many types and sizes of houses around the world. A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper-class country house. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa has evolved considerably.


virus

title: Virus

text: A virus is a tiny parasite. Viruses reproduce inside other living things; they are not free-living. A virus makes copies of itself inside another organism's cells. When viruses infect living organisms, they can cause disease. There are many types of diseases caused by viruses, such as polio, ebola and hepatitis. Viruses outnumber all other forms of life on the planet by a long way. A virus has a simple structure. It has just a protein coat which covers a strand of nucleic acid. Usually the nucleic acid is RNA; sometimes it is DNA. Viruses are much smaller than most kinds of bacteria, and can only be seen under an electron microscope. Viruses were not visible until the invention of the electron microscope. Viruses reproduce by getting their nucleic acid strand into a prokaryote or eukaryote cell. The RNA or DNA strand then takes over the cell machinery to make copies of itself and the protein coat. The cell then bursts open, spreading the newly created viruses. All viruses reproduce this way, and there are no free-living viruses. Viruses are everywhere in the environment, and all organisms can be infected by them. With eukaryotic cells, the virus protein coat is able to enter the target cells by certain cell membrane receptors. With prokaryote bacteria cells, the bacteriophage physically injects the nucleic acid strand into the host cell. When the host cell has finished making more viruses, it undergoes lysis, or breaks apart. The viruses are released and are then able to infect other cells. Viruses can remain "silent" (inactive) for a long time, and will infect cells when the time and conditions are right. Some special viruses are worth noting. Bacteriophages have evolved to enter bacterial cells, which have a different type of cell wall from eukaryote cell membranes. Envelope viruses, when they reproduce, cover themselves with a modified form of the host cell membrane, thus gaining an outer lipid layer that helps entry. Some of the most difficult viruses to combat, like influenza and HIV, use this method. Viral infections in animals trigger an immune response which usually destroys the infecting virus. Vaccines can also produce immune responses. They give an artificially acquired immunity to the specific viral infection. However, some viruses (including those causing AIDS and viral hepatitis) escape from these immune responses and cause chronic infections.


vision

title: David Wilkerson

text: David Ray Wilkerson (May 19, 1931 in Hammond, Indiana – April 27, 2011 in Cuney, Texas) was an American pastor, evangelist, and author. Although not officially linked to a any denomination, Wilkerson can be considered a Pentecostal in teachings and practice. Wilkerson was a pastor in Pennsylvania. Around 1960 he started a ministry in New York City to help and evangelize teenagers, who were involved in drugs and crime. In 1960, he founded for that reason the Christian relief organization Teen Challenge. With the Sherrills he wrote a book about his experiences called The Cross and the Switchblade (1962). Some years later, in 1967, he founded Youth Crusades, again aimed at teenagers but this time to prevent them from the bad things mentioned above. In 1971, he founded again a Christian organization, World Challenge, to evangelize worldwide. In 1987, he erected the Times Square Church, an independent and very succesful church in Manhattan, New York City. Wilkerson wrote several Christian books, like the already mentioned The Cross and the Switchblade (1962) and the very impressive The Vision (1974). Last book and its successor (The Vision and Beyond, 2003) are dealing with divine prophecies about severe misconduct, problems and disasters the world is facing in the future (and already partly happening); he also revealed that the so-called "Number of the Beast" (Antichrist) will be composed of a combination of three times six numbers. He also wrote about other divine prophecies such as riots and arsons cities in the United States (especially New York City) but also worldwide are going to endure in the future because of their sinful behavior, and countries going bankrupt causing shopping and money problems worldwide. David Wilkerson died as a result of a car accident in eastern Texas in 2011, aged nearly 80.


vulture

title: Vulture

text: Vultures are large birds of prey that usually feed on the carrion (dead or dying animals). Vultures use their large wings to soar in the air for many miles without having to flap. Vultures are also called buzzards. Vultures from the Old World (Europe, Asia, and Africa) are not related to the vultures of the New World (North and South America). They look quite similar, though. Both have heads and necks with no feathers. Old World vultures are related to eagles and hawks and use sight to find their food. New World vultures use their sense of smell to find their food. Vultures symbolize death in literature. King vultures use rocks to open eggs, they pick up a rock with their beak and simply drop or throw the rock onto the egg and breaks it. New World vultures is a name which is used for a number of species in the Americas. The best known of these are probably the Andean condor and the black vulture.

isa: bird


war

title: A War

text: A War ( ) is a 2015 Danish French war drama movie directed by Tobias Lindholm and starring Pilou Asbæk, Søren Malling, Dar Salim, Tuva Novotny, Charlotte Munck. It was distributed by Nordisk Film Production and was nominated for an Academy Award in 2016.