abrasive

title: Abrasive

text: An abrasive is something that is very hard. It is also rough. It is used to rub things so they get smooth. When abrasives are glued to paper, it makes sandpaper. Aluminium oxide is a common abrasive. Abrasives are used to make the ends of wood pieces smooth and to smooth the cut ends of metal. The hardest natural abrasive is diamond. Diamond is commonly used in saw blades designed to cut tile or stone.


acid

title: ACID

text: ACID is a concept used with databases. It is the way some databases keep their data true and meaningful. Not all databases use the concept of ACID, but relational databases usually do. ACID is an abbreviation. It stands for *Atomicity - A change to the data in the database is either done completely, or not done at all. The process of doing it is not visible to users of the database. Users (people and programs) only see the result. *Consistency - A database can have rules about its data. Consistency means that the data always follows those rules. When a transaction (a change in the data) occurs, it can not break the rules. Rules are usually about integrity, such as what is allowed and what is not allowed in certain locations of the database. *Isolation - There can be more than one transaction occurring at the same time. Isolation means that one transaction can only see the changes of another transaction at the right time. Sometimes isolation means that transactions happening at the same time would do the same thing if they were done one after another. *Durability - When a transaction is done, if the result is unwanted it can be rolled back, which means it is made to go away as if it never happened. If the result of a transaction is still wanted, it can be committed, which makes the change permanent. After a transaction is committed, the change it made will still be there even if the database is shut down.


adder

title: Adder

text: The adder, Vipera berus is a venomous viper that can be found throughout most of Western Europe and all the way to East Asia. It is the only venomous snake in the British Isles. They are not highly dangerous: the snake is not aggressive and usually only bites when alarmed or disturbed. Bites can be very painful, but they are rarely fatal. The snake is not threatened, though it is protected in some countries.


alder

title: Alder

text: Alder is the common name for about 30 kinds of trees and shrubs of the Alnus genus. They are a part of the birch family (Betulaceae). Most of them are smaller in size. Leaves are mostly deciduous, only very few alders are evergreen. Alder trees are found in all parts of the northern hemisphere and they are often found on poor and/or wet soil. Alders have alternate simple leaves with a toothed edge. The male flowers are in the form of hanging catkins and the female flowers are much smaller catkin-like structures (see image). The pollen is transferred from the male to the female flower by the wind. The female flower parts develop into little, green, rounded cone-like fruits which turn brown in autumn and open to release the seeds. The best known species are the Black Alder, which can be seen throughout Europe. The largest is probably the Red Alder, native to North America. It reaches about 32–35 metres in height. The widespread Green Alder is a shrub, rarely more than 5m high. The commonest alder in the UK is the Black Alder, also called the Common Alder or European Alder. Alder is a preferred tree for bees, especially in spring. It is also used to make charcoal.


ascension

title: Ascension

text: Ascension is a Christian holiday. The word "ascension" means "going up". According to the story told in the Bible, Jesus ascended (went up) to heaven. This was seen by his apostles. The holiday is celebrated forty days after his resurrection. The story tells that Jesus' body went to heaven, and that in heaven he sits at the right-hand side of God the Father. Ascension Day is officially celebrated on a Thursday. However, not all countries hold the feast on this day. It is one of the ecumenical feasts. All Christians celebrate this feast, much like Easter and Pentecost. It is a very important feast in the calendar of the Christian Church. In some countries (at least in Austria, Belgium, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany (since the 1930s), Haiti, Iceland, Indonesia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Namibia, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Vanuatu) it is a public holiday; Germany also holds its Father's day on the same date.


barley

title: Barley

text: Barley is a member of the grass family of plants. Its seeds are a cereal grain. It is a staple food of humans and other animals, and it is one of mankind's oldest crops. It can be made into flour or beer. Its Latin name is Hordeum vulgare. Barley is an annual plant.


bather

title: The Bathers

text: The Bathers is an oil painting by Jean-Honoré Fragonard. It may have been painted in around 1765. It hangs in the Louvre.


brazilwood

title: Brazilwood

text: Brazilwood or Pau-Brasil, sometimes known as Pernambuco wood (Caesalpina echinata) is a Brazilian tree. It has a dense, orange-red wood (which takes a high shine), and it is the most frequently used wood for making bows for string instruments from the violin family. The wood also gives a red dye called brazilin. There are several trees in this family which have very similar properties, including the development of red dye. The term "brazilwood" is sometimes used for these other species as well. The tree was exploited for their dye in the 18th century, and is now lost over much of its original range. When Pedro Álvares Cabral explored Brazil, he named it after the brazilwood that he found there.


captain

title: Captain

text: Captain is a military rank. Captains are officers in an army. In a navy, the commander of an entire ship is called "Captain" even if he is actually a lower rank. A Navy Captain rank is equal to the army rank of colonel. Another type of captain may command a merchant vessel or other ship that is not in a navy. There are also captains in other uniformed organisations, including the police. A leader of a sports team is also called a captain, as well as the pilot of an airliner.

isa: rank


carboxyl

title: Carboxylic acid

text: A carboxylic acid is any molecule that has a COOH group. This group contains a carbonyl (C=O double bond) together with an hydroxyl group (OH) on the same carbon atom. Because it is easy to remove the proton with even a weak base, these compounds are called acids. An example of a carboxylic acid is acetic acid, which is also known as vinegar. Carboxylic acids are found a lot in food. Many types of fat molecules are actually carboxylic acids. For example, chocolate and coconuts have these acids. They are also used a lot in soaps and detergents. The smaller carboxylic acids dissolve in water. The bigger ones dissolve only in organic solvents.


carpal

title: Carpals

text: Carpals are bones found in the hand. They are also called wrist bones as they are in the wrist. There are eight carpals in each hand. Any easy way to remember the eight bones in order is "Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle." for Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate.

isa: bone


cinnabar

title: Cinnabar

text: Cinnabar is a mineral. It is the main ore of mercury and is made up of the chemical mercuric sulphide (HgS). Cinnabar exists in two crystal forms. Red cinnabar is used for the pigment vermilion. It is poisonous, and may go black with age. The other crystal form is black, and does not react chemically to anything except strong acids. Cinnabar has a Mohs hardness of 2–2.5. Cinnabar has been mined since the Neolithic age.


citron

title: Citron

text: The citron (Citrus medica) is a species of citrus fruit. It usually has a thick rind and small sections. Originally, the tree came from Southeast Asia. Today it is mainly grown in Sicily, Morocco, Crete, and Corsica, as well as Puerto Rico. The tree can grow to a size of about 3 metres. The fruit can grow to a size of about 25 cm in length, and about 4 kg in weight. The pulp of the fruit is hardly ever used. The rind is used. It is made into an additive for cooking. Jam can also be made from the rind. The rind is also used to make vegetable oil, which is used for perfumes. Generally, it is eaten preserved or in bakery goods, such as fruitcakes. (The candied peel rather than the fruit is often used in cooking.) In some cultures, it is made into a fruity tea. Pliny the Elder states that in his time , the citron could only be grown in Media and Persia (HN xii.7). The Romans tried to transport it into the Roman Empire in tightly packed pots, but failed, according to Pliny. There is evidence, however, which shows it was cultivated in the Mediterranean during Pliny's lifetime. Zohary and Hopf believe this tree was first domesticated in India. They think that its wild forms, along with those of the mandarin and pomelo, were the original citrus species. The citron has many names in different countries; one popular reference is Cedrat, which is the French name for the fruit. Theophrastus referred to the citron as the Persian or Median Apple, and the fruit later came to be known as the Citrus Apple. Pliny calls the tree the Assyrian, or the Median, "apple" (the generic Greco-Roman name for globose fruits). Other citrus crops were not introduced to the Mediterranean basin until Islamic times. In many languages other than English, a normal lemon is called a "citron" and a Lime is called a "limon". Although the East Asian citrus fruit yuzu (also called yuja) is sometimes called a citron, it is actually a separate species, Citrus junos.

isa: fruit


clock

title: Clock

text: A clock is a device that tells the time. Some clocks can only show the time. Other clocks can show other things. For example, some clocks can show the date as well as the time, or show other information, like the timer temperature or the weather, some have stopwatch and some have alarm.

isa: device


coalition

title: Coalition

text: A coalition is an alliance, where the members work together.

isa: alliance


convoy

title: Convoy

text: A convoy is a group of vehicles, typically motor vehicles or ships, traveling together for mutual support and protection. Often, a convoy is organized with armed defensive support. Civilian convoys may be organized, for example when driving through remote areas. A convoy also allows an organized group to arrive together with their equipment. They can start working together immediately, for example at an emergency. A convoy on land is sometimes called a caravan. Convoys at sea came into widespread use when warships were made as a different kind of ship. They endangered enemy merchant ships that were not protected by friendly warships.

isa: vehicle


corm

title: Corm

text: A corm is a modified plant stem some plants use as a storage organ or for hibernation. Corms are structurally plant stems, and can produce roots. On the top of the corm, one or a few buds grow into shoots that produce normal leaves and flowers. Some plants with corms regularly replace their older corms with a stack of younger ones. In other species their corms simply grow larger in most season s. Yet others split when multiple buds or stolons on a large corm sprout independently. Corms can be dug up and used to multiply or redistribute the plant (see, for example, taro). Plants with corms generally can be propagated by cutting the corms into sections and replanting.


cupola

title: Cupola

text: A cupola is an architectural element placed atop the roof of a building, consisting of a turret or enclosed gazebo with windows all around. Cupolas serve several purposes, especially decorative and for ventilation to help regulate a building's internal temperature. If large enough with a way to climb up into it, the cupola becomes a belvedere. Cupolas can also be found on some types of vehicles, such as cabooses on trains.

isa: roof


dermis

title: Epidermis

text: The epidermis is the skin or surface layer of an animal or plant. At its most basic, it is a sheet of cells. The cells are continually replaced by cell division (mitosis), and the layer (in animals) is sensitive to stimuli such as touch. In land vertebrates the epidermis has many layers; the outer layers may be reinforced by keratin.

isa: skin


devil

title: Devil

text: In some religions and mythology, the Devil (also called the God of Darkness or Dark God) is an evil spirit, deity, demon, or other supernatural being that tries to create problems for people and distance them from God. In some cultures, the Devil is seen as the embodiment of evil. He is often depicted with red skin, horns, and a tail. Some people also use the word "Satan" for the most powerful devil.


drink

title: Drink

text: A drink or beverage is a liquid that an organism can take into their body, by using their mouth. Typical drinks for humans include water, tea, milk, coffee, juice, soft drinks and alcoholic drinks. All drinks are mainly water. All living things need water to live. If we don't get enough water, we will dehydrate, and likely die. Plants take in water through their roots, which are underground. Most land animals get water by drinking.

isa: liquid


envy

title: Jealousy

text: Jealousy or envy is a feeling (or emotion) people get when they want what others have. This is a negative feeling. When someone is jealous of someone else, they usually dislike the other person. These particular emotions are usually caused by a person having a certain object or quality which you desire but can not obtain. Jealousy is caused by lacking of self confidence and judging your abilities. Jealousy is not reasonable.


eutherian

title: Eutheria

text: Eutheria is the taxonomical name for the main group of living mammals. This taxon contains the placental mammals, of which humans are one species. Eutheria was introduced by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1880. Members of Eutheria are now found on all continents and in all oceans. The terms 'Eutheria' and 'Placental' do not mean quite the same thing. A few early eutherians in the Lower Cretaceous were not placentals. Eomaia is the earliest example. All living Eutherians are placental mammals. This means that a Eutherian fetus is fed during gestation by a placenta. The offspring of Eutherians are carried in the mother's uterus until fully developed. Eutherians are different from other mammal groups such as monotremes and marsupials which (like the earliest eutherians) are not placental. Monotremes, for example, lay eggs which protect the young until they are fully developed. Marsupials give birth to young who are not completely developed. Their young then move to a special pouch in the mother's body to continue their development. The earliest known eutherian species is the extinct Eomaia scansoria from the Lower Cretaceous in China. Marsupials are relatively speechless. So we can place the development of mammalian speech to about 200 million years ago with the early placental mammals.


factory

title: Factory

text: A factory is a building where workers use machines to make things for sale. It usually means a building where companies use mass production to make different things. Many of the same thing are made in a short amount of time. People who work in factories are losing their jobs because machines can do their work more easily. (Automation) Now some factories are lights-out, which means they can run without any workers. Factories during the Industrial Revolution had horrible working conditions. Before the factory, things were made one by one by an individual and took a lot of manual labor and time. Handicraft items were usually produced at small workshop s or homes. They cost a lot of money, and could be customized to each individual. When the Industrial Revolution occurred, the world changed. With factories, people have made things more quickly, cheaply, and better. Mass production brought consumers more products including machines. Labor-saving machines from factories included the spinning jenny, home appliance s and refrigerator s driven by electricity, and motor vehicle s driven by fossil fuels.

isa: building


fender

title: Fender

text: Fender is a well known company that produces guitars and bass guitars. These are sold all over the world. The founder is Leo Fender. Fender makes the Stratocaster and Telecaster guitars; and the Precision and Jazz basses.

isa: company


finance

title: Finance

text: Finance is a study which figures out how people, businesses and groups make and use money. It can mean: * Thinking about money * Thinking about how to control money to make profit * Studying how to take chances in projects that make money * As a verb, "to finance" is to provide money for business *Any system that includes circulation of money.

isa: study


footprint

title: Footprint

text: Footprints are shapes on the ground where people or animals walked. The foot touches the ground and at that position a footprint appears afterwards. This can happen because the ground is muddy or snowy and the foot sinks a little bit into the ground. Another possibility is that the foot is dirty or has fresh color on it. When the foot touches the ground the dirt or color remains at the ground and marks the position of contact. Footprints mark the way of people or animals. Hunters for example are able to follow an animal by following its footprints. Like that leaving footprints can be a big disadvantage. In the time of internet people also talk about digital footprints. This are not real footprint but small bits of data (for example the IP address) which enable computer professionals to follow the way of an user in the internet. This can also be a disadvantage for the user who is leaving the digital footprints.


future

title: Future

text: The future is something that has not happened yet. Once that something has happened, it is called the past. If it is happening now, it is called the present. And the study of social advancement in the future is called futurology. Movies, television shows and books that tell made-up stories about the future are often called science fiction, however, there is also science fiction which takes place in the past, and fiction that takes place in the future but is not science fiction.


grain

title: Grain

text: Grain is the seeds of some special kinds of grass. The main types of commercial grain crops are cereals. People grow different kinds of grain as food. The different kinds of grain are among the most important foods in the world. Some kinds of grain are: *Barley *Maize or Indian corn (or simply as "corn") *Millet *Oats *Rice *Wheat 87% of all grain grown by farmers around the world is maize. Grains contain carbohydrates that people can eat. In poorer countries, grains are a large part of the food supply. In richer countries, they are still important as food, but not as important as in poorer countries. Growing grain uses a lot of water. About 1,000 tons of water is needed to grow one ton of grain. Many different foods are made from different types of grain. The part of the grain that people can eat is called the grist, and the part they can not eat is called chaff. The grist is often ground into a powder called flour. Flour can be made into breads, cakes, or noodles. Different kinds of beer are made from barley malt, wheat, and other grains. Tortillas are made from a special flour of dried maize (corn) called masa.

isa: seed


grapefruit

title: Grapefruit

text: Grapefruit is a citrus fruit grown in sub-tropical places. It is bigger than an orange and is often more sour, but many types of grapefruit have other flavors. The fruit can grow 10-15cm in diameter. In 2007, there were about 5,061,023 tons of grapefruits made worldwide, most of the tons coming from the U.S. There are many different kinds of grapefruits with different color pulp. The most popular colors are red, white and pink. There are also a wide range of flavors, from highly acidic and bitter to sweet. The tree which the grapefruit grows on is normally 5-6 meters tall but can reach up to 15 meters tall. It has dark green leaves that measure up to 150mm and has white flowers that grow 5cm in length.


hemlock

title: Hemlock

text: Hemlock is a herbal poison got from several related plants in the Apiaceae family. The toxic chemicals differ in each plant, but there is a general similarity in the way they work. *Conium, two species. An extract of Conium maculatum was used to execute Socrates. This is the plant most often referred to as hemlock. There are eight alkaloids found in Conium maculatum. Two of them, gamma-coniceine and coniine account for most of the plant's toxicity. Coniine disrupts the workings of the central nervous system by blocking the neuromuscular junction in a manner similar to curare. These alkaloids are made by the plant, and are no doubt effective to stop herbivores eating the plant. *Cicuta water hemlock or cowbane: highly poisonous. Water hemlock is one of North America's most toxic plants, being highly poisonous to humans. Three members of the genus contain a toxin, cicutoxin, which causes central nervous system stimulation including seizures. *Oenanthe crocata and several other species of the water dropwort are extremely poisonous. It has been referred to as the most poisonous of all British plants, and is considered particularly dangerous because of its similarity to several edible plants. The active poison is oenanthotoxin. The poison produces the "sardonic grin" a spasm of the facial muscles that produces what appears to be a grin. The poison was said to be used in ancient Phoenician Sardinia to kill old people who could no longer support themselves.


hieroglyphic

title: Hieroglyph

text: Hieroglyphs, or hieroglyphics, are a type of writing that uses ideogram, symbols or pictures to stand for sounds and words. The Egyptians, Luwians and Mayan cultures are among those who used hieroglyphs. They have also been found in Turkey, Crete, United States and Canada. They are thought to have started when pictures were used to tell stories on pots and other artwork. Over time, the pictures became letters. The word hieroglyph comes from the Greek words ἱερός (hierós 'sacred') and γλύφειν (glúphein 'to carve' or 'to write'), and it was first used to mean Egyptian hieroglyphs. The Greeks who came to Egypt saw the picture letters, which were often found carved on house walls, tombs and monuments.

isa: writing


humanity

title: Humanities

text: The humanities include languages, literature, music, philosophy, politics, history, media, the classics, religion, and the visual and performing arts. Additional subjects sometimes included in the humanities are anthropology, area studies, communications and cultural studies, although these are often regarded as social sciences. It was popular in the Renaissance ages. The arts are usually considered as part of the humanities. These include visual arts such as painting and sculpture, as well as performing arts such as theatre and dance, and literature. Other humanities such as language are sometimes considered to be part of the arts, for example as the language arts. The humanities study the human condition and mostly use methods that are analytic, critical, or speculative and not as empirical as natural and social sciences.


influence

title: Influence

text: Social influence means someone affecting the emotions, opinions, or behaviours of others. It can be either planned for a purpose, or be an unplanned result of other events. The adjective influential means "having much influence", so influential people or things have the power to change other people or things in some way. This word is often used to describe famous people. For example, Nelson Mandela was a very influential person, because the things he did and said changed many peoples lives, and many people believe he has even influenced the world. King s, clergy and celebrities are also among the influential, as people pay attention to what they say or do. Events can also influence. For example, World War II changed many people's lives. They died or became richer or poorer or went to a new place, even after the war ended. When printing became common, it influenced developments in science, politics, religion, and other human activities Childhood experiences can be a lifelong influence.


jazz

title: Jazz

text: Jazz is a type of music which was invented in the United States. Jazz music combines African-American music with European music. Jazz first became popular in the 1910s. Some common jazz instruments include the saxophone, trumpet, guitar, piano, double bass, and drums.

isa: music


linter

title: Linter

text: Linter is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant. In 2007, 7038 people lived there. It is at 50° 50 North, 05° 02 East.

isa: municipality


luge

title: Luge

text: Luge is a Winter Olympics sport. It is similar to the bobsleigh, but faster and more dangerous. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, a Georgian athlete was killed in practice after several complaints that the track was too fast.


lumber

title: Lumber

text: Lumber (or timber) is wood that has been cut for use in building.


matrix

title: The Matrix

text: The Matrix is a 1999 science fiction action movie written and directed by the Wachowski Sisters. The movie stars Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, Hugo Weaving, and Joe Pantaliano. The Matrix was followed by three sequels: The Matrix Reloaded, The Matrix Revolutions and The Matrix Resurrections. In 2012, The Matrix was selected by the Library of Congress into the United States National Film Registry.


myna

title: Starling

text: The starlings are a family of small to medium-sized birds, the Sturnidae. This family are passerine songbirds, whose best-known species is Sternus, the common starling. Starlings occur naturally in the Old World, from Europe, Asia and Africa. Species (usually the common starling) have been introduced to North America, Hawaii and New Zealand. In these new areas they compete for habitat with native birds, and are considered as invasive species. Starlings have strong feet, their flight is strong and direct, and they are very gregarious (social). Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They are omnivores. They eat insects and fruit. Several species live around humans. Many species search for food by opening the bill after probing it into dense vegetation; this behavior is called 'open-bill probing'. Plumage is usually dark with a metallic sheen and white flecks (spots). Most species nest in holes, laying blue or white eggs. Many Asian species, particularly the larger ones, are called mynas, and many African species are known as glossy starlings because of their iridescent plumage. Starlings have varied and complex songs, and may copy sounds from their surroundings, including car alarms, and human speech. The birds can recognize particular individuals by their calls.


neighborhood

title: Neighbourhood

text: A neighbourhood or neighborhood is a geographic community in a larger city, town or suburb. Neighbourhoods are often social communities because the people that live in them commonly talk with each other. Researchers have not agreed on an exact definition.

isa: community


nickname

title: Nickname

text: A nickname is a word used to substitute for a person's birth name. The term comes from the Middle English word ekename, which means “also-name." Nicknames are not legal names. They are often given by friends or family members.


omelet

title: Omelette

text: An omelette (also spelled as omelet) is a type of food that is mainly eggs, with various fillings. In the United States omelettes are usually eaten at breakfast. However omelettes can be eaten as a light lunch or late evening meal.

isa: food


pantry

title: Pantry

text: A pantry is a room where food and other household goods may be stored for a while. Some food, such as butter, eggs, milk, and such need to be kept cool. Before modern refrigeration was available, there was the pantry. The pantry was a room or large cupboard made to keep cooler than the temperature in the kitchen. Built on the north side of the house close to the kitchen, it had no windows, but had air ventilation. The walls were brick or wood. As the air in the pantry warmed, it rose, escaping through the upper vent. This in turn drew cooler air in from the lower vent, providing constant circulation of cooler air. In the summertime, the temperatures in the pantry would be several degrees lower than the ambient temperature in the house. In wintertime, the temperature in the cold pantry would be considerably lower than that in the kitchen. A pantry was the place to keep foodstocks that did not need to be kept refrigerated. Remember, food was bought regularly in those days, and not stored for long. Breads, butter, cheesecakes, eggs, pastries, and pies were kept in a cold. Vegetables could be brought up from the cellar in smaller amounts and stored in the cold pantry until ready to use. The pantry was a place to store fresh berries and fruit, cheese, butter and such.

isa: room


parameter

title: Parameter

text: In some non-technical contexts or in jargon, parameter may simply be a synonym for criterion. In mathematics, statistics, and the mathematical sciences, parameters (L: auxiliary measure) are quantities that define certain relatively constant characteristic s of systems or functions. Most commonly represented θ in general form, other symbols carry standard, specific meanings. When evaluating the function over a domain or determining the response of the system over a period of time, the independent variables are modulated, while the parameters are held constant. The function or system may then be reevaluated or reprocessed with different parameters, to give a function or system with different behavior. Loosely speaking, the term parameter is used for an argument which is intermediate in status between a variable and a constant.


pip

title: Python (programming language)

text: Python is an open-source programming language. It was made as a language that is both easy to work on and understand. It was made by a Dutch programmer named Guido van Rossum in 1991, who named it after the television program Monty Python's Flying Circus. Python is an interpreted language. This means it does not need to be compiled before running. A program called an interpreter runs Python code on almost any computer. This makes Python slower than compiled languages like C, because it is not changed into machine code before running. But this also allows the programmer to change the code and quickly see what happens.

isa: language


pomegranate

title: Pomegranate

text: The pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree that grows between tall. The pomegranate originated in the region extending from Anatolia to northern India or South Asia. Although previously placed in its own family Punicaceae, recent phylogenetic studies have shown that Punica belongs in the family Lythraceae, and it is classified in that family by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Today, it's widely cultivated throughout the Mediterranean countries. It is the most recognizable symbols of Armenia. In Armenian mythology it symbolizes fertility and good fortune. It was a guardian against the evil eye.


portal

title: Portal (video game)

text: Portal is a puzzle video game made by Valve Corporation set inside the Half-Life series. It was originally sold in The Orange Box, a game collection deal which came with the Valve-made games Portal, Half-Life 2, and Team Fortress 2. It is now sold by itself and is available for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Mac and PC. The player plays as a woman named Chell who has to go though tests while being watched by a computer named GLaDOS, an acronym for Genetic Lifeform and Disk Operating System. GLaDOS provides all of the game's dialog and is known for being rude, funny, and sarcastic, promising the player character a cake if all of the tests are finished. GLaDOS and the testing rooms were created by a company called Aperture Science, which competes with Black Mesa. The player must use a gun, called the Portal Gun, that makes two linked holes, called portals, to solve puzzles. The two portals, one blue and one orange, are linked together and let the player get from one place to another. When the player enters the blue portal, they will come out of the orange portal. When the player enters the orange portal, they will come out of the blue portal. Portal has many jokes in it that have become popular on the internet, for example, "the cake is a lie". Because the game was very popular, Valve made a sequel in 2011, called Portal 2.

isa: game


prostate

title: Prostate

text: The prostate is a gland of the male body that adds part of the fluid to semen and acts as the valve between semen and urine. It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder and squeezes the urinary tract shut. The prostate is a valve that is almost always on. It works by squeezing tight around the urinary tract to close the path for urine to escape into the penile urethra, which is a good thing. The penile urethra has no valve to stop fluids from leaking out, so the prostate has to control the flow of urine and semen. A healthy human prostate is slightly larger than a walnut. The prostate leaks semen, prejaculate, ejaculate, and seminal fluid from ducts into the penile urethra for the vagina. Semen consists of sperm and seminal fluid. Prejaculate is not urine, but its own distinct fluid. In the past it probably was called phlegm (one of the four humors). Females do not have prostates. They have a version of the prostate which does the same thing (the homologous version of a prostate) called the clitoris. The Skene's gland (women reproductive system) also secretes mucus.

isa: gland


putty

title: PuTTY

text: PuTTY is a terminal emulator application which can act as a client for the SSH, Telnet, rlogin, and raw TCP computing protocols. The word "PuTTY" has no meaning, though 'tty' is sometimes used to refer to the Unix terminals, as an acronym for teletype'. PuTTY was first written for Microsoft Windows, but it has been ported to other operating systems including some Unix-like platforms. Mac OS and Mac OS X are still being ported, while unofficial ports have been ported it to the Symbian and Windows Mobile operating systems. PuTTY is currently beta software. Licensed under the MIT License, and it is free and open source software.

isa: application


quickstep

title: Quickstep

text: The Quickstep is an International Style ballroom dance that follows a 4/4 time beat, at about 50 bars per minute. p62 From its early beginning as a faster Foxtrot, the Quickstep has become quite different. It is danced to the fastest tempo of the ballroom dances. The Quickstep developed in the 1920s from a combination of the Foxtrot, the Charleston, and other dances. The dance is English in origin, and was standardized in 1927. Although it came from the Foxtrot, the Quickstep now is quite separate. Unlike the modern Foxtrot, the feet often close and syncopated (split-beat) steps occur often. Three characteristic dance figures of the Quickstep are the chassés, where the feet come together, the quarter turns, and the lock step. p126 This dance became a very dynamic one with a lot of movement on the dance floor, with many advanced patterns including hops, runs, quick steps with a lot of momentum, and rotation. The tempo of Quickstep dance is rather brisk as it was developed to ragtime era jazz music which was fast-paced compared to other dance music. Today the complexity of Quickstep as done by competition dancers has increased. They use more syncopated steps. While in older times quickstep patterns were counted with "quick" (one beat) and "slow" (two beats) steps, many advanced patterns today are cued with split beats, such as "quick-and-quick-and-quick, quick, slow", with there being further steps on the 'and's.


rectification

title: Rectifier

text: A rectifier is a device that can convert Alternating current (AC) to Direct current (DC). This is a process called rectification. Many rectifiers in the 20th century were made of metals like copper, iron, and silver. Nowadays most are semiconductor s. Half-wave rectifiers only have one side of a waveform, while the full-wave rectifiers use both sides of a waveform. The left-hand side of the full-wave rectifier circuit consists of four diodes: a diode bridge. Half-wave current is a current that can only flow in alternate current, a full-wave current can flow both alternating current and direct current. Diode bridge is electrical circuit that consists of four diodes. It acts as a full wave rectifier to convert alternating current to direct current.

isa: device


rupee

title: Rupee

text: The rupee (रुपया) is the name of a currency denomination of money in various countries. It is used in the Republic of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Mauritius, and the Seychelles, Indonesia, and the Maldives. It was also used in British India, the former East Pakistan until 1971. In past times, rupees were also the name of the money used in Burma and in the German and British colonies in East Africa. The name comes from a Sanskrit word meaning silver.

isa: denomination


scalp

title: Scalp

text: The scalp is the anatomical area between the face and the neck.

isa: face


shrew

title: Shrew

text: Shrews are small mammals which look rather like mice. They were classified in the old Insectivora, but that is no longer used. Now they are classified in the family Soricidae, suborder Soricomorpha. True shrews are not to be confused with West Indies shrews, treeshrews, otter shrews, or elephant shrews, which belong to different families or orders. Although its external appearance is generally that of a long-nosed mouse, a shrew is not a rodent, as mice are. In fact it is related to moles. Shrews have sharp, spike-like teeth, not the familiar gnawing front incisor teeth of rodents. Shrews are distributed almost worldwide. Of the major tropical and temperate land masses, only New Guinea, Australia, and New Zealand do not have any native shrews. In South America, shrews are relatively recent immigrants and are present only in the northern Andes. In terms of species diversity, the shrew family is the fourth most successful mammal family.


smile

title: Smile

text: A smile is a face made by flexing the muscles near both ends of the mouth. The smile can also be made through the eyes (See 'Duchenne smile' below). Smiles usually express happiness. A smile can be natural or fake. However, smiling can be different with animals. When smiling, the teeth shows, but sometimes animals do this when they are threatening. When chimpanzees show their teeth, it can also be a sign of fear.


snowball

title: Snowball

text: A snowball is a ball of snow. They are usually made by a person picking snow up in their hands and pressing it together in the ball the size of their hand. Snowballs are usually thrown at people or objects as a game called a snowball fight. Making snowballs is a common activity for children when it snows. Larger snowballs are made by using a ball the size of a hand and rolling it on the ground. As more snow sticks to it, the ball grows larger. Larger snowballs are often used to make Snowmen. The term "Snowball effect" comes from this. It means as things go on, they get more serious in the same way that a snowball gets larger as it rolls.

isa: ball


soy

title: Soybean

text: The soybean (or soya bean) is a plant with fruit called beans, from Eastern Asia. The height of a grown soybean is between less than 20 centimetres and up to 2 metres. One soybean lives for only one year.

isa: plant


specimen

title: Alien: Specimen

text: Alien: Specimen, originally Alien: The Greenhouse Effect, is a short film based on the science fiction action media franchise Alien. Released via IGN on April 5, 2019 for the 40th anniversary of the franchise, the film was written by Federico Fracchia and directed by Kelsey Taylor, through Tongal Studios and 20th Century Fox. Starring Jolene Andersen, Goose, and Aubrey Wakeling, the film follows botanist Julie and her dog Maggie as they attempt to escape a xenomorph facehugger. Alien: Specimen received generally good reviews from critics.


spy

title: Espionage

text: Espionage, or spying, is a practice of getting information without permission about an organization, society, or country that is meant to be secret or confidential. Espionage usually involves having access to where the needed information is stored or to the people that know the information. In wartime, espionage is a war crime. A person who is unwillingly being spied upon or willingly gives away information is called an intelligence asset. The person who receives information is called a spy or more vaguely an agent. A double agent is one who trades information to both sides and is sometimes unknowingly related to or employed by both sides.


squad

title: Squad

text: A squad is the smallest military unit consisting of 8 to 13 people and is usually led by a sergeant. In military terminology, a squad is among the smallest of military organizations


supply

title: Supply

text: In economics, supply is the amount of something that companies are willing to provide in a market. The law of supply and demand will decide the price at which something will be bought and sold.


sweetener

title: Artificial sweetener

text: An artificial sweetener or sugar substitute is a chemical. It is added to some foods to make them taste sweet. It is made to taste like sugar or corn syrup. Usually it has a much lower energy value than sugar. It can be found in many products which say Light or Diet in their name. Consumers use artificial sweeteners for one of the following reasons: *Diabetes mellitus - People with diabetes have problems regulating their sugar levels in the blood. Artificial sweeteners are better for them than sugar. *Reactive hypoglycemia - This is a condition similar to diabetes. People who suffer from it therefore often use artificial sweeteners. *Some people think that artificial sweeteners can help them lose weight. A study at the university showed, however, that those people using artificially sweetened drink are more likely to become obese than those who do not. *Dental hygiene – sugar substitutes are tooth-friendly, as they are not fermented by the microflora of the dental plaque.


tensor

title: Tensor

text: A tensor is a mathematical object. Tensors provide a mathematical framework for solving physics problems in areas such as elasticity, fluid mechanics and general relativity. The word tensor comes from the Latin word tendere meaning "to stretch". A tensor of order zero (zeroth-order tensor) is a scalar (simple number). A tensor of order one (first-order tensor) is a linear map that maps every vector into a scalar. A vector is a tensor of order one. A tensor of order two (second-order tensor) is a linear map that maps every vector into a vector (e.g. a matrix). In linear algebra, the tensor product of two vector spaces V_1 and V_2 , V_1 \otimes V_2 , is itself a vector space. It is a way of creating a new vector space analogous of multiplication of integers. The tensor product can also be applied between two vectors, thus producing a tensor; for two vectors u and v in the vector spaces U and V respectively, the object u \otimes v is a tensor, and is an element of the space U \otimes V . However, not all elements of U \otimes V are simple tensor products of vectors in U and V - rather, every element in U \otimes V is some linear combination (weighted sum) of these so-called "simple tensors". This is a powerful abstract way to think about tensors - the weighted sum of different vector pairs from U and V . The tensor product (on vectors) is a linear operation on both of its vector inputs; thus, (2u) \otimes v = 2(u \otimes v) = u \otimes (2v) . (This makes it inherently different from the direct sum pairing of vectors, where scaling the direct sum scales both of the input vectors.) Additionally, the tensor product is distributive on both inputs: x \otimes (y + z) = x \otimes y + x \otimes z . This law also helps illustrate why not all tensors can be expressed as the tensor products of individual vectors. Consider the tensor a \otimes x + b \otimes y . One might think of using (a + b) \otimes (x + y) , but because of distributivity, that would instead produce the tensor x \otimes a + x \otimes b + y \otimes a + y \otimes b . Since all elements of a tensor space are linear combinations of simple tensors, we can naturally think about a basis for the tensor space (which, remember, is also a vector space) in terms of simple tensors. In fact, distributivity tells us that given a basis of U and a basis of V , the various pairwise tensor products of those basis vectors results in a basis for the tensor space.

isa: object


tram

title: Tram

text: A tram (tramcar, streetcar or trolley) is a passenger vehicle that is like a light train. It carries people to places within a city. Because a single tram can carry many people at the same time, riding on a tram instead of driving a car is a good way to help prevent pollution and stop the roads getting too busy. The word tram is used mainly outside North America, while within North America these vehicles are called streetcars as they run mainly on streets. In some areas the cars are called trolleys as the carry a trolley pole on the roof. More modern and larger trams manufactured since the 1970s, such as the one in the second picture from Warsaw, are called light rail vehicles. These vehicles are bigger because they are very often made of two or more parts, with a bendy section in the middle which works like a human joint. In railway jargon, these types of vehicles are called "articulated". These may often have their own right-of-way instead of travelling on the street and their stops are usually farther apart than the stops of trams so that they can travel faster. On Market Street in San Francisco, vintage streetcars from the 1910s through the 1940s, called "historic streetcars" (the F Market line), that travel on the street are a popular tourist attraction. Another city whose trams are highly used by tourists is Hong Kong, because here the trams have two floors which is very rare in the world. The largest tram networks in the world are in: Melbourne, St. Petersburg, Amsterdam, Berlin, Moscow and Vienna.

isa: vehicle


translator

title: Translator

text: A translator works with different languages. They may read something written in one language and speak it or write it in another language or vice versa. For example, they might read a book in French and then translate it into English. See translation for more information. In order to convert meanings from one language into another one, translators must be able to know the target language deeply. They are conveying the original meaning of the source text or material to a second language. As a result, translators do not only convert words, which makes it more like an art than a science. Translators also work to convert speech as well as writing. The United Nations debates are translated as they are spoken, one individual translator for every individual language if it is the General Assembly. One advantage of professional translation is that it reduces the problems of understanding what is said. On the other hand, there is often a loss of nuance (subtlety) in a translations, especially one done immediately the text is spoken. For this reason, many translators do a rough version immediately, and then work it over later on.


turban

title: Turban

text: The turban is a piece of clothing - a type of headwear based on cloth winding. It is worn by people of the Sikh religion. pa:ਪਗੜੀ


week

title: The Week

text: The Week is a weekly news magazine that has versions in the United Kingdom and the United States. The UK version started in 1995 and the US version in 2001. There was also an Australian version from 2008 to 2012. There's a special version for children called The Week Junior. It has been available in the UK since 2015 and in the US since 2020.

isa: magazine


wing

title: Wing

text: A wing is the part of an animal or airplane that allows it to fly.

isa: animal


withdrawal

title: Drug withdrawal

text: Drug withdrawal is the group of symptoms that occur upon the fast discontinuation or decrease in intake of medications or recreational drugs. In order to experience the symptoms of withdrawal, one must have first developed a form of drug addiction, which may occur as physical dependence, psychological dependence, or both. Symptoms can also occur when people stop taking drugs whicch they had taken for a long time. That way, if someone switches from one drug to another one (for example to reduce side effects), this change needs to be planned carefully with the aid of a physician.


worker

title: Worker

text: A worker is a person who does a job. This usually means a person who does manual labour( such as manufacturing goods,farming,etc). In economics,there are three factors of production. These are labour (the work done by workers), land (usually people need some space to produce something), and capital (it will cost resources, or money, to produce something). People who work, usually get paid for the work they do. This is either called wages (if it is bound to a time period, like an hour), or a salary (if it is independent of the time taken). May Day is an international holiday for workers' rights.

isa: person