animist

title: Animism

text: Animism is a belief common in many different religions and philosophies. An animist is a person who believes or practices animism. Animism is the belief that there is more in nature than the physical things that can be seen and touched. The part that is not physical can be called a soul, life force, or spirit. Physical things come in two types: things that are alive and things that are not alive. Animals and plants are alive. Most animists believe animals and plants have a spirit. Some animists also believe some non-living parts of nature have spirits. These non-living parts of nature include the wind, the rain, and geographic features like mountains and rivers. The word "Animism" looks like the words of other belief systems with the suffix "-ism." However, it is not like other belief systems. Animism is not organized on purpose. Animists did not come up with the word "Animism." Animists did not apply the word to themselves. Instead, Animism is an idea of European anthropologists. The first anthropologist who described Animism was Edward B. Taylor. Taylor was trying to describe what was similar among many groups all over the world. The word "Animism" is very new: it was first used in 1832. In contrast, the ideas described by "Animism" are very old. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy claims that Animism "has been the dominant religious tradition across all human societies since our ancestors first left Africa."

isa: common


approximation

title: Approximation

text: An approximation is a version of a piece of information that doesn't describe it exactly, but is close enough to be used. An approximation may be used either when the exact piece of information is not known, or when it's too long or complicated and people need something simpler. The most common simple adjective for an approximation is "about". For example, if you wanted to add 2.0002 and 2.0003, you can add 2 and 2, and it would be an approximation. If you are left with a balance of $78.23 you might want to say you are left with 80 dollars. In mathematics, this is written using the \approx symbol (e.g., \pi \approx 3.1416 ). Archimedes used polygons to approximate a circle, and to calculate an approximation for \pi as shown below: The more sides a polygon has, the closer it is to a circle. The orange pentagons have more space between each other and the black circle than the green octagons.

isa: version


baron

title: Baron

text: Baron is a title of honour in many European peerage systems. It is often a hereditary title that ranks as the one of the lower titles in a peerage. In the UK peerage system, the five peerage titles from highest to lowest are duke, marquess, earl, viscount and baron. Baronets and knights are not members of the peerage although a baron may also be a knight. In the feudalism of medieval England a baron was a tenant-in-chief who held his lands directly from the king. During the 13th century barons were summoned by royal writ to attend Parliament. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Frankish baro meaning "freeman, warrior". It later merged with Old English beorn meaning "nobleman." The lands of a baron are called a barony. The female title for a baron is baroness. The form of address for a baron is "Lord" and for a baroness "Lady". List of English and Irish Barons

isa: title


blowback

title: Blowback

text: Blowback is a system of operation for self-loading firearms that obtains energy from the motion of the cartridge case as it is pushed to the rear by expanding gases created by the ignition of the propellant charge. Several blowback systems exist, distinguished by the methods used to control bolt movement. In most actions that use blowback operation, the breech is not locked mechanically at the time of firing: the inertia of the bolt and recoil spring(s), relative to the weight of the bullet, delays opening of the breech until the bullet has left the barrel. A few locked breech designs use a form of blowback (example: primer actuation) to perform the unlocking function. Other operating principles for self-loading firearms include blow forward, gas operation, recoil operation, revolver, Gatling, and chain. The blowback principle may be considered a simplified form of gas operation, since the cartridge case behaves like a piston driven by the powder gases.

isa: system


breadfruit

title: Breadfruit

text: The breadfruit tree is an evergreen tree in the mulberry family. It produces fruit called breadfruit. Originally, the tree grew in Southeast Asia. It has now been cultivated and is grown in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Central and South America and the Caribbean. The tree can reach a height of up to . The fruits contain a lot of starch, much like potatoes; they are ground to make flour, which can then be used for baking.

isa: tree


canoe

title: Canoe

text: A canoe is a small boat, usually powered by paddling, but sometimes sailed. Canoes are pointed at both ends and usually open on top, but can be covered. Canoes are known as "Paddle boats" in some small towns in the south of Australia. The canoe is propelled by the use of paddles, with the number of paddlers depending on the size of the canoe (most commonly 2). Paddlers face in the direction of travel, either seated or kneeling. In this way paddling a canoe can be contrasted with rowing, where the rowers face away from the direction of travel. Paddles may be single-bladed or double-bladed.

isa: boat


chaos

title: The Chaos

text: The Chaos is a poem that shows the irregularities of the English language pronounciation. It was written by Gerard Nolst Trenité (1870-1946). Noist Trenité was a Dutch language teacher. The first version of the poem can be found in his book Drop Your Foreign Accent: engelsche uitspraakoefeningen which was published in 1920.The poem shows that there are many words that are not pronounced the way they are written. Originally, it was made of 146 lines of verse. Until 1992/1993, decades after his death, Spelling Society extended it to 274 lines. In total, the poem covers 800 cases of irregular English pronunciation.


city

title: City

text: A city is a place where many people live close together. A city has many buildings and streets. It has houses, hotels, condominiums, and apartments for many people to live in, shops where they may buy things, places for people to work, and a government to run the city and keep law and order in the city. People live in cities because it is easy for them to find and do everything they want there. A city usually has a "city center" where government and business occur and suburbs where people live outside the center. Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, Darwin, New York, Los Angeles, London, Paris, Berlin, Tokyo, and other cities.

isa: place


cloak

title: Cloak

text: A cloak is a type of loose garment. It is worn over indoor clothing. It protects a person, for example from cold or rain. It may be part of an outfit or uniform. Cloaks have been used by many historical societies. Their designs, over time, have been changed to match fashion and available textiles. Cloaks generally fasten at the neck or over the shoulder. They can be different lengths, from hip all the way down the ankle. They may have an attached hood. They may fasten down the front. Cloaks are almost always sleeveless.

isa: garment


cochineal

title: Cochineal

text: The cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) is a scale insect in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, from which the natural dye carmine is made. The insect lives in tropical and subtropical South America, Mexico and Arizona. Its larvae eat cacti in the genus Opuntia, feeding on plant moisture and nutrients. These insects are found on the pads of prickly pear cacti, then are brushed off and dried. The insect produces carminic acid, which deters predation by other insects. Carminic acid is extracted from the body and eggs, then mixed with aluminium or calcium salts to make carmine dye, also known as cochineal. Today, carmine is primarily used as a colorant in food and in lipstick.

isa: insect


college

title: College

text: College is an educational school where people go to learn and earn an academic degree upon graduation. The requirement to enter college is different in different countries, but in most countries, the student must have a high school diploma or equivalent (in the United States and Canada, a GED). Most college students begin their academic careers at 18 years old, the same age when most people graduate from high school. Though, colleges and universities have no maximum age so anyone can study or finish their studies at any time they decide they want. In some countries, for example the United Kingdom, college also means a house belonging to a university, where students and teachers live together. In the United States and Canada, college students begin as undergraduate students in which they will declare a major in which students specialize in an academic discipline (for example, Psychology, Biology, English, Mathematics, and Economics) and they will take classes that will expose them to the skills they need to do their careers. They also take general education classes which includes courses in reading, research, literature, a math course (for example, College Algebra, Pre-Calculus, or Statistics), a science course, and others (though this will vary by the college). Upon successful completion of all required courses, students will earn a Bachelor's degree which they may either go to work with the degree or continue studying for a higher-level degree. Students who have a bachelor's degree and choose to continue college are considered graduate students, where they take more classes that are more in-depth to the student's academic discipline and qualify them for higher paying careers, earn a promotion, or become college professors. Students may also attend medical school to become physicians or law school to become lawyers.

isa: school


common

title: Common land

text: Common land (a common) is land where local people have certain rights. For example, to allow their sheep to graze, to collect firewood, or to cut turf for fuel. Originally in mediaeval England the common was part of the manor. Although it was part of the estate owned by the lord of the manor, tenants had certain rights. By extension, the term "commons" has come to be applied to other resources which a community has rights or access to. Today the term "common" is mainly used for the land over which the rights are exercised. A person who has a right to common land is a commoner. Today commons still exist in Great Britain and the United States, although their extent is much reduced from the millions of acres that existed in the 17th century.


curse

title: Curse

text: A curse is a word which threatens the other person to have bad luck. Nobody knows if it really works or become true. Some people believe in them even so, that they become true by magic. For example, for fairy tales, the princes are cursed to become a beast or a frog (i.e. frog prince) by witches because of their bad behaviours. But in the end a princess saves them. There was also something called a "curse tablet" which Romans used to curse people they did not like. They would often let them drift to the river so that the curse will be carried to where that person who has the curse. But many curses are made when people are jealous and they want that person who has the curse to not do well. The opposite of a curse is a blessing.


delusion

title: Delusion

text: A delusion is a false belief held by a person. When doctors talk about delusions, they mean that the false belief is the result of some disease. This is usually a disease of the mind, such as paranoia, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, but not always. Delusions can come in many forms, such as persecutory delusions (a belief that the person is always being attacked), grandiose delusions (a belief that the person is very special), religious delusions (a belief that the person is a god), and more. The psychiatrist Karl Jaspers created the first criteria for a belief to be considered a delusion: * The person with the delusion is completely convinced that it is true. * The delusion does not change even when it is proved to be wrong. * The delusion is improbable or strange. However, these guidelines have been criticized because none of the criteria are necessary to have a delusion. Studies show that delusions can change in intensity and confidence over time. Delusions also do not need to be false beliefs. Some religious beliefs cannot be proved false, so they cannot be used for a diagnosis. A doctor or psychiatrist may say that a delusion is false because it seems to be improbable or strange. Because psychiatrists do not always investigate a person's claims completely, they will sometimes wrongly diagnose a patient as delusional. This is called the Martha Mitchell effect, which was named after the wife of the attorney general in the Nixon administration. Martha Mitchell said illegal activity was happening in the White House. At the time, people thought she was mentally ill. However, she was proven right after the Watergate scandal. Treating delusions is hard, but sometimes antipsychotics can be used. If the delusions are dangerous to the person or other people, the person may also be treated against their will.


den

title: The New Den

text: The New Den is a stadium in London, England. It is the stadium where Millwall F.C. are based.


denim

title: Denim

text: Denim is a very strong kind of cloth. Denim has been used in the United States since the late 18th century. The word comes from the name of a cloth called serge. Serge was first made in the French town of Nîmes (de Nîmes)), by the André family. First called serge de Nîmes, the name was soon shortened to denim. Denims are highly popular throughout India. Before in celebrations, formal wear was obvious. These days in many functions and even in workplaces, there is no shortage of people donning denims. International brand skinny jeans available in Asia and the market sees introduction of new styles. | url = Denim was usually colored blue with indigo dye to make blue "jeans," though "jean" meant a different, lighter cotton textile.


dough

title: Dough

text: Dough is a thick, malleable and sometimes elastic paste made out of flour by mixing it with a small amount of water. Dough can be used to make bread, pastries, cookies, muffins, and other foods. In many parts of central India, people use the quick method of making an instant roasted dough ball or baati. Flat, unleavened breads known as roti, lavash, yufka, matzo, and tortilla are used in many parts of the world today. Leavened dough, made from dry, ground grains mixed with water and yeast, is used all over the world. It includes all kinds of breads made from wheat, maize, rice and other grains or similar crops used today in the world. Fried dough foods are common in many cultures. In the United States, "elephant ears" is a common name for fried dough. In slang, dough is money.

isa: thick


elevation

title: Elevation

text: When talking about geography, the elevation of a certain point is how high it is compared to some reference point. Very often, the reference point is mean sea level, the level of the ocean midway between high and low tide on an average day. Most land has a positive elevation, which means it is above sea level. A few desert places are below sea level, thus have negative elevation. Sometimes elevation is measured against the center of the earth. The problem there is that the geoid, the shape of the earth, does not really look like a ball, it is slightly squashed (an oblate spheroid). This means, that while still at mean sea level (at the equator), some points are farther away from the center of the earth than others. That way the peak of Chimborazo, a volcano in Ecuador is farther away from the center of the earth than the peak of Mount Everest. Yet, Mount Everest is higher above sea level.


fear

title: Fear

text: Fear is a feeling or an emotion. When a person has fear, they are afraid or scared. A person who fears something does not want it to happen. The fear response comes from sensing danger. It leads to the fight-or-flight response. In extreme cases of fear (horror and terror) there may be a freeze response or paralysis. In humans and animals, fear is adjusted by cognition and learning. Thus fear is rational or appropriate, or it is irrational or inappropriate. An irrational fear is called a phobia. Fear is the body's way of protecting itself from doing things that may be dangerous. For example, if one has a fear of jumping off a cliff, they will not do it. This saves one from death. In this case, fear is a good thing but in others, it can be bad. An example of fear being bad is if it stops one from doing something important, like going to see a doctor. Methods of controlling phobias include facing the fear over and over so the effect of the phobia becomes less until it stops being a phobia. There is only a small set of basic or innate emotions and fear is one of them. The fear response helps survival by triggering appropriate behavioral responses. It has been preserved throughout evolution.

isa: feeling


fissure

title: Fissure

text: A fissure in geology is a crack in the Earth's crust. It is the first sign of the Earth's crust pulling apart. Characteristically, it is long and narrow. As the vent widens it may be called a fissure, and if there is volcanic activity, then it is a fissure vent. A very good example is the rift valley in North-Eastern Africa. Karst is vast areas of barren land with rocky ground. It is formed by dissolving soluble carbonate rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. There may be caves, fissures, and sinkholes. Despite rainfall, they lack vegetation, and usually have no lakes, rivers, or streams on their surface. They form when limestone, gypsum, or dolomite are dissolved by underground torrents of flowing water. We now know that the huge karst area in Mexico known as the Yucatan was formed by the meteorite which ended the Cretaceous period. The whole of this huge area is made of porous limestone. The limestone is regularly punctuated with holes or "cenotes". The land is almost entirely covered with scrubby trees, all of a similar size. A more familiar type of ground fissure is seen in Iceland, where the fissure vent is an active volcano. In such places the fissure may pour out molten rock. Mauna Loa is another good example. In this case it is one of a number of volcanic islands formed by a hot-spot gradually moving across the Earth's mantle.

isa: crack


gamut

title: Gamut

text: In computer graphics and photography, the gamut, or color gamut , is a certain subset of colors. Most often it is a subset of colors, which can be accurately represented by some output device. Another sense refers to the complete set of colors found within an image.

isa: colors


gelatin

title: Gelatin

text: Gelatin is a protein substance that comes from collagen. Collagen is a natural protein found in the tendons, ligaments, and tissues of mammals as well as fish. Gelatin has no smell, no taste, and is either colorless or light yellow. It can be found in sheets, flakes, or as a powder. It can be dissolved in water, but not in alcohol. It is made by boiling the connective tissues, bones and skins of animals, usually cows and pigs. Once the boiling is done, the collagen will cool and make a jelly. As a food, gelatin is used to make jellied desserts; used in the preservation of fruit and meat, and to make powdered milk. Gelatin can also be used as glue for matches or for paper money. You can also find it used as the syrup in medicine, also known as medicine emulsions. Gelatin is also found in some makeup. Gelatin is classed as a liquid when above room temperature but reverts to a solid if below room temperature. Because gelatin comes from animals, vegetarians and vegans do not eat or use products that have gelatin added. Some religious or cultural groups also do not eat gelatin because of the animals used to make it. For example, people that keep kosher or halal will not eat gelatin because it is often made from cows. Alternatives to gelatin are products like agar or carrageenan which comes from seaweed or pectin which comes from plants.

isa: substance


gospel

title: Gospel

text: Gospel originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. The word gospel came from the Old English word “gōdspel”, which literally means “good news”, since it narrates Jesus Christ's life and teaching to invite anyone to believe that he was born to save the world from sin and make humans truly know God as a Father. It includes the Death and Resurrection of Jesus. The Gospel was originally spoken, not written. Eventually gospel came to mean an ancient book about Jesus, especially one of the four books collected by the Church in the Bible. These books are the first part of the New Testament of the Bible, and are put in a group of this order: the Gospel of Matthew, the Gospel of Mark, the Gospel of Luke and the Gospel of John.


grappa

title: Grappa

text: Grappa is an Italian spirit, made from grapes. It is similar to brandy. It contains between 35 and 60 percent alcohol by volume. After the grapes are pressed, the skins, pulp, seeds, and stems (also known as the pomace) that remain from the winemaking process are distilled to make grappa. It was initially designed to use these leftovers in order to reduce waste. Whole must is distilled to make acquavite d'uva, a similar beverage.


haem

title: Heme

text: Heme, or haem (pronounced /hi:m/ HEEM), is a precursor to hemoglobin. It is necessary to bind oxygen in the circulatory system. Heme is made in both the bone marrow and the liver.

isa: precursor


helmet

title: Helmet

text: A helmet is a hard or cushioned hat which is worn to protect a person's head. There are many different types of helmets. Some helmets are made from leather or other natural materials. Other helmets are made from metal or plastic. Helmets often have fabric cushions inside and fabric straps to hold the helmet on a person's head. Soldiers wear steel helmets to protect their heads from explosions and flying bits of metal. Construction workers wear plastic helmets to protect their heads from falling objects. Welders wear special helmets with a dark window that lets less light through. This protects their eyes from the bright light of welding. People who ride bicycles or horses wear plastic helmets with foam, to protect their heads in case they fall. Motorcycle riders wear similar but stronger helmets. People who rock climb wear helmets in case they fall. Cavers wear helmets to protect their heads from bumping into rocks in a cave. Helmets are also worn for protection by participants of numerous sports including horse racing, baseball, ice hockey, and cricket.


hybrid

title: Hybrid

text: A hybrid is the product of mating between individuals of different species or strains. The word is most common when talking about animals and plants. Mules are hybrid animals. The female parent is a horse and the male parent is a donkey. A mule is generally sterile. Not all hybrids are sterile. Many garden plants and crop plants are hybrids. New species are sometimes formed from hybrids between two other species.

isa: product


ikon

title: IKON

text: iKON is a South Korean boy-band formed by YG Entertainment. iKON was first introduced on WIN: Who is Next, resulting in their debut as a full group with the song, "My Type". "My Type" charted at #1 and #3 on the Korean and US charts, respectively.


indigo

title: Indigo

text: Indigo is a shade of blue, more specifically, purplish blue or dark blue. Isaac Newton named and defined indigo as a spectrum color when he divided up the spectrum into the seven colors of the rainbow. The spectral range of indigo is between 450 and 420 nanometers. The name of the color indigo originally came from the indigo plant. Indigo is a dye made from the indigo plant, used to dye cloth. Indigo dye also is used to dye denim cloth, which is used to make what are called blue jeans (they should really be called indigo jeans). This shade of indigo is called indigo dye. The indigo plant originally came from the nation of India. The Ancient Greek language word for the dye is indikon. The Romans used the term indicum, which passed into Italian dialect and eventually into English as the word indigo. These things are colored indigo: * some grapes * night sky in the mid-evening * blueberries * some small clams * some eggplants * Jenna Rose's jeans

isa: shade


ironclad

title: Ironclad warship

text: An ironclad is a ship protected by iron or steel armor plates. The first recorded use of an ironclad was during the Japanese invasion of Korea. Western use of ironclads began about the second half of the 19th century. The Western ironclad was developed because up to then wooden warships were easily damaged by explosive or incendiary shells.


jail

title: Jail

text: A jail (also spelled gaol) is a protected place where people are locked up. The police or other, similar groups, who are meant to protect people, are in charge of it. Some of the people locked in jails are: *People who might have done something against the law (doing this is a crime) and have not yet been to court (where whether or not they did it is found out for sure), or who cannot pay the bail amount set by the court, or who the court thinks are too dangerous to be let out. *People whose court trial is still happening. *People who have returned from prison to appeal their prior court trial; or, *People who have been convicted of a lesser (often misdemeanor) crime with a sentence of usually less than a year.


jar

title: Jar

text: A jar is a type of container, mostly used to store food. Jars are usually cylindrical, and are usually made of glass or clay. Glass jars are able to be heated in microwave ovens.


lard

title: Lard

text: Lard is rendered pig fat that is used in cooking. Before, many cuisines used it as a cooking fat or shortening, or as a spread similar to butter. It is not used as much as before. Many cooks and bakers still like it better than other fats for some things. It also has a high smoke point.


lay

title: Lay Zhang

text: Zhāng Yìxīng (hangul: 장이씽; hanja: 张艺兴; born in Changsha on October 7, 1991) better known by his stage name Lay (hangul: 레이) is a Chinese singer, songwriter, dancer and actor. He became known after participating in a television program called Star Academy in 2005. He joined EXO in January 2012, as main dancer and lead vocalist. In September of 2015, he published his autobiography, titled Standing Firm At 24, beating records of book sold more in its pre-sale.


link

title: Link

text: A link, also hyperlink in computing, is a part of a chain. A chain is made of many pieces of metal; each piece is a link. Today, people also use the word link in a new way. The World Wide Web on the Internet is made of many different Web pages. The computer software that people use to make these pages (HTML) lets us go to other pages in a very fast and easy way. The person who makes the web page can tell the computer to show a word or a picture on the Web page as a link. This means that when we click on the link with our computer mouse, the computer will show us the new page we want to see. Most links are blue, but they can be any color. The color of the link will change to dark blue when clicked as the web browser recognises it in the browser's cache. Unless the cache is cleared, the link will always stay dark blue.

isa: chain


liquorice

title: Liquorice

text: Liquorice (UK) or licorice (US) (see spelling differences) ( , or ) is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a legume (related to beans and peas) and native to southern Europe and parts of Asia. It is an herbaceous perennial, growing to 1 m in height, with pinnate leaves about 7–15 centimetres (3–6 inches) long, with 9–17 leaflets. The flowers are 0.8–1.2 cm (1/3 to 1/2 inch) long, purple to pale whitish blue, produced in a loose inflorescence. The fruit is an oblong pod, 2–3 centimetres (about 1 inch) long, containing several seeds.

isa: root


majority

title: Majority

text: Majority means the greater number of something. The opposite is minority. If more than half the people are right-handed we can say that the majority of people are right-handed. A minority of people are left-handed. In fact, nearly everyone is right-handed, so we can say that the "vast majority" are right-handed, and only a "small minority" are left-handed. If a political party or candidate gets a majority of votes, it means that they get more than all the other parties together. In Plurality voting, they only get more than any one of the others. Thus if there are three parties, the winning party may have a plurality of 40% while the other two each have 30%. A "true majority" or "absolute majority" means more votes than all the other parties together, i.e. more than half the total votes.


meeting

title: Meeting

text: A meeting is a group of people who come together at one place to discuss something, make something, or play games together. Meetings can range from internet meetings (people who met on the internet who come together) to birthday parties for children. Meetings can be also on formal times, where businessmen come together to discuss. Furthermore, meetings can be political/religious. For instance, politicians meet from time to time to deliberate on issues, map up strategies and trash out issues. Likewise, religious leaders congregate to discuss developing issues, problems and successes chalked.Come to Jesus meetings are called in order to settle disputes between employers and employees as well as airing out personal matters.

isa: person


name

title: Name

text: A name is a word (or a set of words) given to things and people. For example, cat is the name of a kind of animal. "Aarav" , "Adhrit" are names of a person, usually a male. "Ananya" is a common female name. The word 'name' can also be used as a verb. To name something is to give it a name.

isa: given


opah

title: Opah

text: Opahs (moonfish, kingfish, or sunfish) are large, colorful fish. They are in a small family, the Lampridae. The family has only two living species in one genus, Lampris. The opah is the only known fish that is completely warm-blooded. One species lives in tropical or temperate waters in most oceans. The other species lives in the Southern Ocean. Opahs are not often caught by recreational fishermen. Opah flesh has a light pink-to-orange color. The flesh turns white when cooked.


palatine

title: Palatine Hill

text: Palatine Hill (Latin: Palatium ) also named the Sun Hill was the hill that Rome was built on. Rome later extended to include the seven hills: *Palatine *Aventine *Capitoline *Quirinal *Viminal *Esquiline *Caelian


plat

title: Plat

text: In the United States, a plat ( or ) (plan) is a map that shows the parts of a piece of land for where houses and buildings will be built. After filing a plat, legal descriptions can start using block and lot-numbers instead of calling them portions of sections.

isa: map


platyrrhine

title: New World monkey

text: New World monkeys are the families of primates which are found in Central and South America. The families are ranked together as the Ceboidea superfamily, the only living platyrrhine superfamily. They differ from the Old World monkeys and apes, which are Catarrhini. * Platyrrhini: the New World monkeys. Superfamily Ceboidea ** Family Cebidae: capuchins and squirrel monkeys. Subfamily Callitrichinae: marmosets and tamarins. Subfamily Aotinae: night or owl monkeys ** Family Pitheciidae: titis, sakis and uakaris ** Family Atelidae: howler, spider, muriqui (woolly spider) and woolly monkeys


presenter

title: Presenter

text: A presenter, or host / hostess, is a person who guides or introduces an event, especially on television. A similar term is master of ceremonies (MC, emcee, or host). The main use of the term 'presenter' is on television, where the presenter introduces other speakers, and introduces program sections. The role is similar to narrator, who talks over visuals ("voice over") or plays a main role in the program. A presenter does not have to be an expert on the content of the program, but a narrator or commentatior is often an expert.


pygmy

title: Pygmy peoples

text: Pygmy is a word that describes several ethnic groups with unusually short people. According to anthropologists, pygmies can be any group where adult men and women are less than tall on average. The best known pygmies are the Aka, Efé and Mbuti of central Africa. There are also pygmies in Australia, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Brazil. The Negritos of Southeast Asia are also called pygmies. The word "pygmy" is sometimes thought to be pejorative (an insult) . The word Bayaka is sometimes used in the Central African Republic to refer to all local Pygmies. In the Congo Basin, pygmies are called the Kongo word Bambenga.


radius

title: Radius

text: In geometry, the radius of a circle or sphere, written as r , is the shortest connection between the center and the boundary. It is either the distance from the center to the perimeter (in the case of a circle), or the distance from the center to the surface (in the case of a sphere). It is half of the diameter. That is, when r is the radius and d is the diameter: r = d ÷ 2 d = 2 x r = r + r The relationship between the radius {\displaystyle r} and the circumference {\displaystyle c} of a circle is ~c = 2\pi r. The area {\displaystyle A} of a circle of radius {\displaystyle r} is {\displaystyle ~A = \pi r^2.}

isa: center


rebirth

title: Reincarnation

text: Reincarnation is the name of the idea that people are born again in another body after they die and this cycle continues over many lifetimes. Rebirth or "transmigration" is the preferred term for those believers who do not believe in eternal souls. Many Hindus, Jains, Celtic pagans, Buddhists, and people who follow some African religions believe in reincarnation or rebirth/ transmigration. Carnate means “of flesh”, and reincarnate means to “reenter the flesh".

isa: idea


repetition

title: Repetition

text: Repetition is a rhetorical device where words are used a number of times to emphasize something in literature or maybe even poems and rhymes. Repetition is used for many things but is mainly used in books to emphasize or to give you clues into the storyline.

isa: device


sauce

title: Sauce

text: In cooking, a sauce is a liquid mixture added to another food for flavour. Sauces are not normally eaten by themselves; they add flavour, moisture, and visual appeal to another dish. Sauces are an essential element in cuisines all over the world. The main sauces of French cuisine are built on a basis of roux, which is just flour and the liquid part of butter. Examples from Italian cuisine are the egg, cheese and ham sauce called Carbonara; the ground meat sauce called bolognese, and the herbs and garlic sauce called pesto. Bottled sauces can be poured over food when it is served. An example would be the tomato-based sauce that is usually poured over spaghetti. Gravy is a brown sauce served with meat. Sauce is a French word taken from the Latin salsus, meaning salted. Possibly the oldest sauce recorded is garum, the fish sauce used by the Romans. Sauces need a liquid component, but some sauces (for example, pico de gallo salsa or chutney) may contain more solid elements than liquid. Sauces may be used for savoury dishes or for desserts. They can be prepared and served cold, like mayonnaise, prepared cold but served lukewarm like pesto, or can be cooked like bechamel and served warm or again cooked and served cold like apple sauce. Some sauces are commercial products like Worcestershire sauce, HP sauce, soy sauce or ketchup. In French cuisine they are freshly prepared by the chef. Sauces for salads are called salad dressing. A cook who specializes in making sauces is a saucier.


shallot

title: Shallot

text: Shallots are a type of onion. They are a botanical variety of the species Allium cepa. The shallot was previously classified as a separate species, A. ascalonicum.

isa: onion


silage

title: Silo

text: A silo is a building that holds silage. Silage is green chopped plants (usually grass or corn stalks) that is kept wet (this is different than hay, which is stored dry). It ferments and can be kept all winter. It makes good food for livestock, particularly dairy cows.

isa: building


smoothie

title: Smoothie

text: Smoothies are a type of cold drink made from a liquid (either milk, fruit juice, or water), crushed ice or ice cubes, different fruits (such as banana, strawberries, or pineapple). Sometimes other foods are added to smoothies, such as yogurt, honey, maple syrup or ice cream. Smoothies are blended with an electric blender until the fruit and ice is puréed (made smooth). People usually drink smoothies from a tall glass or cup, and use a plastic drinking straw to suck it into their mouth. Some dieticians think that drinking smoothies is not as good as eating the original fruit, because the smoothie has less fibre, and does not provide exercise for the jaw and other digestive processes which eating the fruit would give. Smoothies are similar to milk shakes. Milk shakes are also a cold drink made with an electric blender. Milk shakes are usually made with milk, ice cream, and sweet syrups, such as chocolate syrup.

isa: drink


snuff

title: Snuff

text: Snuff is a kind of tobacco which is sniffed instead of smoked. People take a bit of snuff between their fingers and put it in their nostrils to smell it. Not many people use snuff now, but a century or more ago it was very common. In the novels of 19th century authors like Charles Dickens we often read about people taking snuff. They kept it in a "snuffbox".

isa: tobacco


sock

title: SOCKS

text: SOCKS is an Internet protocol that allows one client computer to connect to another computer via a third computer (SOCKS server). SOCKS is an abbreviation for "SOCKetS". When a direct connection between two computers (clients) is not possible for some services (e.g. HTTP, FTP, or chat protocols like MSN and AOL), a user can use these services via a so-called SOCKS server (routing). Example: Bill wants to chat with Jane. Bill has a bad service provider who limits internet access. Bill's computer then connects to the SOCKS server, which is able to "chat" with Jane's computer without restrictions. An HTTP proxy works similar to a SOCKS server, but is limited on routing HTTP traffic only.


spigot

title: Tap (valve)

text: A tap, faucet, or spigot is something that a liquid or gas comes out of. Taps usually have a handle that can be turned to start or stop the liquid coming out. Many taps give water and are used in homes. They are found in kitchens and bathrooms. Water that comes out of a tap is called tap water. At many restaurants, a person can ask for tap water instead of bottled water.


spinet

title: Spinet

text: A spinet is a small kind of harpsichord. In Renaissance and Baroque times, and even later, people often had a spinet in their homes. The advantage of a spinet was that it was cheaper than a harpsichord and it also took up less room. Sometimes the word used to be spelt differently, e.g. "spinnet" or "spinnit". The spinet is different from a harpsichord because of the angle of the strings which run at an angle to the right. The whole instrument is a bit like a triangle in shape. The strings are arranged in pairs and the jacks (the quills which pluck the strings) are also in pairs in the wider gaps, plucking the string next to them. Harpsichords may have several sounds (in the same way that an organ has several stops making different sounds). This is not possible on a spinet, which has one sound only. It is always an 8-foot sound (the notes sound at the normal pitch, never an octave higher). Spinets were useful for accompanying.


stapes

title: Ossicles

text: The ossicles are the three smallest bones in the human body. They may be called ear bones or auditory ossicles. They are in the auditory system of all mammals. They are contained within the middle ear space and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth (cochlea). The absence of the auditory ossicles would cause moderate-to-severe deafness.

isa: bone


steal

title: Theft

text: Theft is when one person or group takes from another person, business, or state any object, money, or information without permission and does not intend to return it. A person who has been convicted of theft may be called a thief. However, the practice of engaging in theft is also called stealing. There are many different types of theft, such as pickpocketing and shoplifting. Burglary and robbery are separate crimes which involve theft. Stealing is basic and is illegal almost everywhere. Thieves steal things sometimes because they want to have something for themselves, or because they want to sell something for money. Sometimes thieves will make plans to rob a store, bank, house, or person, and sometimes they will just see a chance to steal something and take it. Some thieves have kleptomania. When thieves steal things for money, they usually pick cars, electronics, laptops, or other things they can sell easily. Sometimes thieves use pawn shops to sell things easily to someone who will not ask questions.


steel

title: Steel

text: Steel is iron mixed with carbon and sometimes other metals. It is harder and stronger than iron. Iron with more than 1.7% percent carbon by weight is named cast iron. Steel is different from wrought iron, which has little or no carbon.


tattoo

title: Tattoo

text: A tattoo is a mark made by putting ink into the skin. Tattoos may be made on human or animal skin. Tattoos on humans are a type of body modification (a way of changing the body), but tattoos on animals are most often used for identification. People sometimes get tattoos to show that they belong to a gang or culture group. People get tattoos in tattoo parlors. Getting a tattoo is painful, although some people have more pain than others, and some body parts are more painful to tattoo than others. Most tattoos today are created using an electric tattoo machine, which uses needles to put ink into the body.

isa: mark


thatch

title: Thatching

text: Thatching is building a roof with dry vegetation such as straw, reeds, sedge (Cladium mariscus), rushes, heather, or palm branches. The vegetation is put on top of each other so as to make sure water stays away from the inner roof. Thatch can occasionally catch fire. This is one reason for its replacement by slates in modern buildings. Ceramic slates for roofing can be made by industry, and have replaced natural slates in modern housing. Thatched rooves were once a source of fires, but slates are fireproof. That explains the gradual decline in thatched rooves.


tire

title: Tire

text: A tire is a ring of material that covers the rim of a wheel. Most road vehicles and many other vehicles use rubber tires. Tires help vehicles to move smoothly. Some metro trains and trams also use rubber tires on their steel wheels to provide better traction than the steel tires of other trains. Tires need to be changed after their treads wear away. Driving with worn tires is very dangerous. It can cause the tire to explode and the driver to lose control. Tires were made of leather for thousands of years, and of iron or steel for hundreds. Pneumatic tires were invented in the 1840s and again in the 1880s. They became commonplace early in the 20th century.

isa: ring


variance

title: Variance

text: In probability theory and statistics, the variance is a way to measure how far a set of numbers is spread out. Variance describes how much a random variable differs from its expected value. The variance is defined as the average of the squares of the differences between the individual (observed) and the expected value. This means that it is always positive. A variance is often represented by the symbol \sigma^2 , if the data is the entire population, and s^2 , if the data is from a sample. In practice, variance is a measure of how much something changes. For example, temperature has more variance in Moscow than in Hawaii. The variance is not simply the average difference from the expected value. The standard deviation, which is the square root of the variance and comes closer to the average difference, is also not simply the average difference. Variance and standard deviation are used because it makes the mathematics easier—when adding two random variables together. In accountancy, a variance refers to the difference between the budget for a cost, and the actual cost.


vena

title: Venas

text: Venas is a commune. It is in Allier in the center of France.

isa: commune


virtuoso

title: Virtuoso

text: A virtuoso is someone (usually in the performing arts) who is an expert in his or her field. A musical virtuoso is one who plays a musical instrument very well. Musicians who have exceptional talent and can play extremely fast and difficult music are "virtuosi" (plural of "virtuoso"). In the 19th century Niccolò Paganini was a virtuoso violinist as well as a composer. Franz Liszt was a virtuoso pianist and composer. Musicians may sometimes talk about “virtuoso music” meaning music which is so difficult that only a virtuoso could play it.


witness

title: Witness

text: A witness is someone who sees something happen. They are often used in court to help find the truth. During a trial, the two lawyers will bring in witnesses to help back up their arguments. In a criminal trial, the prosecution lawyer will often bring in the victim of the crime to say what happened, and anyone else who can prove the accused person did the crime. The defense lawyer will nearly always call up the accused person to explain why they are not guilty, and bring in other witnesses who can prove the accused person is not guilty. Each time a lawyer brings in a witness, the other lawyer will cross examine the witness - they will ask them questions to make sure they are telling the truth. Witnesses have to swear to tell the truth during the trial. If a witness lies in court, it is known as perjury, which is a crime. A witness can be subpoenad, which means they are required to testify in court. If the witness does not testify when given a subpoena, they can be punished.