array

title: Array data structure

text: In programming languages, an array is a way of storing several items (such as integers). These items must have the same type (only integers, only strings, ...) because an array can not store different kinds of items. Every item in an array has a number so the programmer can get the item by using that number. This number is called the index. In most programming languages, the first item has index 0, the second item has index 1 and so on. When the programmer creates an array, they must give the size of the array. This is the number of items that can be stored in the array. If the programmer wants to store more items, then they must create a new array. This is because the size of an array can not be changed.

isa: item


bear

title: Bear

text: Bears (singular: bear) are a group of large mammals found all over the world in many different habitats. They form the family Ursidae, in the suborder Caniformia of the order Carnivora. There are 8 living bear species. * Family Ursidae: Bears ** Giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca ** Spectacled bear, Tremarctos ornatus ** Brown bear, Ursus arctos ** Polar bear, Ursus maritimus ** American black bear, Ursus americanus ** Moon bear, Ursus thibetanus or Selenarctos thibetanus ** Sloth bear, Melursus ursinus ** Sun bear, Ursus malayanus


belt

title: Belt

text: A belt is a piece of clothing worn around a person's waist. They can be used to hold up trousers(pants, men) or skirts(women) or for carrying things in pockets, such as on a utility belt, which police use. Belts are commonly made using cloth or leather. They are worn by men and women, however men wear them more casually and formally. The most common colors are black and brown. Belts have buckles. Belts are thread around belt loops on trousers(usually Jeans and dress pants for men). Belts have holes into which the buckle is put, making them looser and tighter. Cowboys often wear belts and customize/pick their buckles.


bomb

title: Bomb

text: A bomb is an explosive object that makes and lets out its energy very quickly. This detonation makes a big shock wave. Bombs have been used for centuries. Some bombs also throw out dangerous metal fragments, and some are firebombs. Most bombs do not contain more energy than ordinary fuel, except in the case of a nuclear weapon. However, they release their energy more quickly, thus are more powerful. A bomb is usually some kind of container filled with explosive material that is designed to destroy things. The word bomb comes from the Greek word βόμβος (bombas), an onomatopoeic term with almost the same meaning as "boom" in English. Air forces send bombers to destroy enemy targets. Terrorists use bombs in suicide attacks. Explosive materials used in mining work the same way, but are usually not called bombs.

isa: object


cake

title: Cake

text: A cake is a type of (usually) sweet dessert which is baked. Originally, it was a bread-like food, but no longer. Cakes are often made to celebrate special occasions like birthdays or weddings. There are many kinds of cakes. It can be baked in an oven. Some savory cakes are made on a griddle or a frying pan.


cathedral

title: Cathedral

text: A cathedral is a Christian church that is the office of a Bishop or Archbishop. As cathedrals serving as the office, they are central church of a diocese or archdiocese. Only those Christian denominations have cathedrals. Cathedrals can be found in the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Anglican as well as some Lutheran churches. In the Greek Orthodox Church, the terms "kathedrikos naos" (literally: "cathedral shrine") and "metropolis" (literally "mother city") are both used to describe the same thing. "Metropolis" is more common, but both terms are officially used. There are variations on the use of the term "cathedral"; for example, some pre-Reformation cathedrals in Scotland now within the Church of Scotland still retain the term cathedral, despite the Church's Presbyterian polity which does not have bishops. As cathedrals are often particularly impressive buildings, the term is often used incorrectly to refer to any large important church. Some churches are bigger than the cathedral. Several cathedrals in Europe, such as Cologne, and in England at York, Norwich and Southwell, are referred to as Minster (German: Münster) churches, from Latin monasterium, because the establishments were served by canons living in community or may have been an abbey, prior to the Reformation. The other kind of great church in Western Europe is the abbey.


clay

title: Clay

text: Clay is a fine-grained silicate mineral made when rocks break down. Wet clay is soft and can be shaped to make pottery, bricks and other things. When it is shaped and then fired in a kiln to make it hard, it becomes pottery. Clay often contains some water because the water molecules stick to the tiny grains. There may also be some organic materials in the clay. There are 35 recognized clay mineral species on Earth, they make muds stick together ('cohesive'), or able to flow ('plastic'). The thixotropy of clay sometimes causes landslides. Quartz, feldspars, iron oxides, and carbonates can weather to sizes of a typical clay mineral. The formation of clay is well understood. It can come from soil, volcanic ash, and glaciation. Ancient mudrocks are another source, because they weather and disintegrate easily. Clay is by far the smallest particles recognized in mudrocks. A clay particle is about 1/1000th the width of a sand grain. This means a clay particle will travel 1000 times further at constant water velocity, thus requiring quieter conditions for settlement. Where the grains are more than a few millimeters wide, the material is called silt, not clay.


complex

title: Complexity

text: Complexity is a property of an object with many parts and a complicated arrangement. It is also the state of being complex. Its opposite is simplicity.

isa: property


depreciation

title: Depreciation

text: Depreciation is a gradual loss of the value of a certain item or commodity over time.


dialog

title: Dialogue

text: Dialogue or dialog is a shared inquiry or the art of thinking together. Dialogue is a rhetorical, literary and theatrical format. It means a written or spoken conversational exchange between two or more people, or a literary work showing such an exchange. The historical origins of dialogue are in classical Greek and Indian literature. The Socratic method is a way of learning things by dialogue.

isa: inquiry


divination

title: Divination

text: Divination (Greek μαντεια, from μαντις "seer") is an attempt to get information through omens or supernatural things. The verb form is to divine, but this should not be confused with the adjective divine. Divination is different from fortune-telling. Divination is more ritual, usually religious. Fortune-telling is more for personal things. Divining the outcome of things has been done by many different methods, such as the ones listed in the section below.


dodder

title: Dodder

text: The Dodder, Cuscuta, is a genus of about 100–170 species of parasitic flowering plants. Recent genetic research has shown that it is correctly placed in the morning glory family, Convolvulaceae. The genus is found throughout the temperate and tropical regions of the world. Most species live in subtropical and tropical regions. The genus is rare in cool temperate climates, with only four species native to northern Europe.


duct

title: Duct

text: In anatomy and physiology, a duct is a tube leading from an exocrine gland or organ. It usually carries the gland's product to where it is used. An example is the vas deferens, which carries sperm to the ejaculatory ducts. Another example is tear ducts, which carry tears to the eye. Ducts are lined by pavement-type endothelial cells. Outside the endothelium in blood and lymphatic vessels is a layer with no cells called the basement membrane. Outside that are the smooth muscle cells. The smooth muscle squeezes the contents along.


dust

title: Dust

text: Dust is very small pieces of matter in the air or on surfaces. Dust particles are made of different things including dirt, material from volcanic eruptions, and pollution. Dust can also contain small amounts of plant pollen, hair from people or animals, skin cells, and many other things. Dust in outer space makes nebulas. Items can get dust if they are not used for a while.


email

title: E-mail

text: Electronic mail (or e-mail or email) is an Internet service that allows people who have an e-mail address (accounts) to send and receive electronic letters. Those are much like postal letters, except that they are delivered much faster than snail mail when sending over long distances, and are usually free. Like with regular mail, users may get a lot of unwanted mail. With e-mail, this is called spam. Some programs used for sending and receiving mail can detect spam and filter it out nearly completely. To send or receive an email in the traditional way, one needs a device (computer, phone etc.) connected to the Internet and an e-mail program (simply called mailer). Several formats exist for email addresses. The most common, called RFC 2822, looks like user@domain.com . E-mail messages are sent mostly by text, and sometimes by HTML style. Some companies let people send and receive emails for free from a remote website. Gmail, Hotmail and Yahoo! are among the many that do this kind of "web mail". Webmail does not follow the pattern below exactly because the webpage is a web application and takes care of many details by itself. The traditional way uses a mailer, as is usual with smartphones. Microsoft invented its own "communication protocol" (or set of rules) for sending and receiving mail, called "Exchange". Exchange protocol works entirely differently from the traditional method and is not explained here.


faint

title: Syncope

text: Syncope is the medical term for fainting or blacking out. It is a sudden loss of consciousness, usually for a short time. It is mostly because there is not enough oxygen in the brain. It can be for other reasons. Fainting is quite common. It usually happens in two age ranges: the teenage years, and during older age. The chance of a person fainting at least once in a lifetime is about 40 to 50 percent. Syncope causes 1 to 3 percent of all attendances to emergency departments and 1 to 6 percent of all hospital admissions.


feline

title: Felidae

text: Felidae is a family of mammals, in the order Carnivora. Animals that belong to Felidae are called felids. The cat family is of quite recent origin: the first fossils are from the Oligocene, 25 million years ago (mya). There are 41 living species, including the domestic cat, and they are monophyletic: all descended from the same ancestor.


felon

title: Felon

text: Felon is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Territoire de Belfort department in northeast France.

isa: commune


fries

title: French fries

text: French fries, chips, finger chips, French-fried potatoes, or simply fries, are potatoes that are cut and deep fried. They are prepared by cutting potatoes into even strips, drying them, and frying them. They are usually fried in a deep fryer. During the process of making, they are pre-cut and blanched. Frozen russet potatoes are often used to make them. French fries can also be baked in a oven. French fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner, or as a snack. They commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars. People often put salt on them, and sometimes dip them in ketchup, vinegar, mayonnaise, tomato sauce, or other condiments. French fries are sometimes topped with poutine and/or chili con carne. French fries are sometimes made from sweet potatoes, instead of potatoes. When baked in a oven, little oil or no oil is used.


gar

title: Gar

text: Gars (or garpike) are a type of ray-finned fish. They are part of a group called the Lepisosteiformes. Gars have long bodies that are heavily armoured with scales. Their long jaws have long, sharp teeth. All gars are relatively large fish. Some have been reported to be in length. However, they typically grow to and weigh over . They are carnivores which eat other fish. There are seven species of living gars. Their peak period was in the early Mesozoic. Once worldwide, they are now confined to the Americas. Unusually, their swim bladders can function as lungs. Most gars surface once in while to take a gulp of air. Gar flesh is edible and the hard skin and scales of gars are used by humans. However, their eggs are highly toxic.

isa: fish


gift

title: Gift

text: A gift or a present is something (usually money or a good) which is given to someone. People give gifts voluntarily and do not expect anything in return. A gift is usually something that family or friends give to each other on special occasions like a birthday or holiday. For example you will give and / or receive gifts and presents at Christmas time, or chocolate (most commonly chocolate eggs) for Easter. Gifts are usually something that you really want to have. If it is a birthday gift, it would be money or an item that is not costly. A small gift is usually wrapped in wrapping paper while a big gift is most likely to be just given to the receiver or in a box without wrapping.


gooseberry

title: Gooseberry

text: A gooseberry is a type of fruit, specifically a berry, and they belong to the same family as the currant. They have a greenish colour, although they darken to a purplish-red as they ripen. Gooseberries look similar to ungrown clementines, and the skin is covered in little hairs. Gooseberries are sometimes informally called goosegogs in the British Isles, although this term is not as common in the present day. Often, gooseberries are made into jams and preserves, but can be consumed in a variety of ways such as in baked goods or eaten straight off the bush. They have a taste and texture that is similar to grapes, albeit more acidic; they are sour when they are green and become sweeter as they turn red/purple.

isa: fruit


guar

title: Guar

text: Guar is a crop which is mostly grown in Pakistan. This crop is planted in July or August and harvested at the end of November. Guar is widely used in oil exploring fields and also in the cosmetics industry. There are four major countries in the world which produce guar: Sudan, India, Pakistan, and the United States. The price of this crop went up in 2012 when its price went to 37,000 Pakistan rupees per 100 kg.

isa: crop


hiss

title: Hiss

text: Hiss is a sound that a snake makes. It as such doesn't have a voice. This sound is created when it flickers its tongues to taste. The fast movement of the tongue causes this sound. Other animals like cats also hiss when they are angry.

isa: sound


history

title: History

text: History is the study of past events. People know what happened in the past by looking at things from the past including sources (like books, newspapers, scripts and letters), buildings and different types of artifacts (like pottery, tools, coins and human or animal remains.) Libraries, archives, and museums collect and keep these things for people to study history. A person who studies history is called a historian. A person who studies pre-history and history through things left behind by ancient cultures is called an archaeologist. A person who studies mankind and society is called an anthropologist. The study of the sources and methods used to study and write history is called historiography. People can learn about the past by talking to people who remember things that happened at some point in the past. This is called oral history. For example, when people who had been slaves and American Civil War survivors got old, some historians recorded them talking about their lives, so that history would not be lost. In old times people in different parts of the world kept separate histories because they did not meet each other very often. Some groups of people never met each other. The rulers of Medieval Europe, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient China each thought that they ruled the only important parts of the world and that other parts were "barbarian". But they were still connected, even if they didn't realize it. The term "historically" is used to say that something has been a certain way during most of its history. For example, a historically female university is a university which has had a student body that was mostly or entirely female for most of its history.

isa: study


ingredient

title: Ingredient

text: An ingredient is a part that forms part of a mixture (in a general sense). For example, in cooking, recipes specify which ingredients are used to prepare a specific dish. Many commercial products contain a secret ingredient that is purported to make them better than competing products. In the health industry, an active ingredient is that part of a recipe that yields the effect required by the buyer. National laws usually require prepared food products to show a list of ingredients, and require that certain "bad things" be listed. In most developed countries, the law requires that ingredients be listed according to their weight in the product. If an ingredient itself consists of more than one ingredient (such as the cookie pieces which are a part of "cookies and cream" flavor ice cream), then that ingredient is listed by what percentage of the total product it occupies, with its own ingredients showed next to it in brackets.


kingpin

title: Kingpin (character)

text: The Kingpin (Wilson Grant Fisk) is a fictional character in the Marvel Universe. The character first appears in The Amazing Spider-Man #50 (July 1967), and was created by writer Stan Lee and artist John Romita, Sr. The Kingpin often appears as an adversary of Spider-Man, Daredevil and the Punisher. Kingpin is the main antagonist of both the 2003 movie Daredevil played by Michael Clarke Duncan and the 2015 Netflix original television series Daredevil set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe in which he is played by Vincent D'Onofrio. D'Onofrio played Kingpin in the 2021 Disney+ series Hawkeye, the 2024 series Echo, and reprised the role in the television series Daredevil: Born Again. Kingpin is also the villain of the animated movie Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse.

isa: character


master

title: Masters Tournament

text: The Masters Tournament is one of four major championships in men's professional golf and the first of the four to be played each year. The final round of the Masters is always scheduled for the second Sunday in April. Unlike the other major championships, the Masters is held every year at the same location, Augusta National Golf Club, a private golf club in the city of Augusta, Georgia, USA. The Masters Tournament is aired on CBS.

isa: championship


mile

title: Mile

text: The mile (symbol: mi) is a unit of length. There are many different kinds of mile but mile on its own usually means the statute mile.


mini

title: Mini

text: The Mini is a small car made by the British Motor Corporation (BMC), British Leyland and Rover from 1959 to 2000. It used a transverse engine and front-wheel drive, where the turning power was put on the front wheels of the car rather than the back wheels. Its design saved a large amount of space. It allowed most of the car's size to be used for passengers and luggage. It had only two doors, but could seat up to four passengers. 1959 The design was very influential for car-making in the second half of the 20th century. In 1999, the Mini was voted the second most influential car of the 20th century, behind the Ford Model T. The original model is considered an icon of the 1960s in Britain. The original Mini was designed for BMC by Alec Issigonis. It was first released in August 1959. Rover ceased production in October 2000. It was marketed under the names Austin, Morris, Cooper, Wolseley, Riley, British Leyland and Rover. In 2001, the Mini was relaunched by BMW as a premium small hatchback which quickly became popular thanks to its retro styling, fun driving experience, many customisation options and strong resale values. It received redesigns in late 2006 and late 2013. File:" (a picture by david adam kess, Union Jack Mini Cooper, Madrid.jpg File:Red Mini Cooper Cabrio (F57), frontal view, Madrid, 2016.jpg File:" (a picture by david adam kess, a1b Mini Cooper, Madrid.jpg File:" (a picture by david adam kess, Mini Cooper.jpg File:" (a picture by david adam kess, pic. a1 Mini Cooper, Madrid.jpg File:" (a picture by david adam kess, pic. a01 Mini Cooper, Madrid.jpg File:" (a picture by david adam kess, pic. a1b Mini Cooper, Madrid.jpg File:Mini Cabrio, brand new Madrid, Spain.jpg

isa: car


moral

title: Morality

text: Morality is the concept of doing the right thing. Morals are basic guidelines for living. It is about conventions or rules, and tries to classify actions and intentions into two groups. * Some of them are good / true * Others are wrong / false Cicero introduced the term when he wrote philosphia moralis. He used it to translate Ancient Greek Ethike (which is ethics, in English)


mussel

title: Mussel

text: Mussels are several families of bivalve molluscs. Mussels live in lakes, rivers, and creeks. They sometimes also live in intertidal areas along coastlines worldwide. The freshwater mussels (several allied families, the largest being the Unionidae) and saltwater mussels (family Mytilidae) are not closely related, despite the fact that they may look similar. They are grouped in different subclasses. The freshwater Zebra mussels and their relatives (family Dreissenidae) live attached to rocks in a manner similar to marine mussels, but are classified with the Heterodonta, the taxonomic group including most bivalves referred to as "clams". From archeology, it is known that humans have been eating mussels for thousands of years. They can be cooked or eaten raw. Care must be taken however as mussels quickly become poisonous after they die.


nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: Nutrition provides the cells of an organism with food, in a form they can use. Organisms need food to be able to keep their bodies working properly. They also need food to be able to do certain things. Malnutrition can happen when a person does not eat the right amount of nutrients. They can get better by changing their diet to have the right amount of the various nutrients.


omega

title: Omega

text: Omega (uppercase/lowercase Ω ω) is the 24th and the last letter of the Greek alphabet. It stood for a long "o" sound in Ancient Greek. It still stands for "o" in Modern Greek, but there is no longer a difference between long and short vowels, so it sounds the same as Omicron. In the system of Greek numerals, it stands for the number 800. There was also once a letter "Omega" Ѡ in the Cyrillic alphabet. It was there so people could spell Greek names both in Cyrillic and in Greek in the same way. However, this letter is no longer used today. In mathematics, the uppercase omega Ω is used in big-Omega notation (a variant of big-O notation). It is also used to represent the Omega constant. In electromagnetism and engineering, the uppercase Ω is used as the symbol for ohms, which are the units of electrical resistance. In physics and other sciences, the lowercase ω is often used to represent angular frequency. In modern English, the phrase "From alpha to omega" expresses the idea of "everything".


outback

title: Outback

text: The outback is the remote areas of Australia. The outback is not a defined area, rather the term refers to locations that are far away from big cities and have few roads and not much farming. The fertile parts are known as Rangelands and have been traditionally used for sheep or cattle ranches. Ranching, tourism and mining are the main economic activities in this vast and sparsely settled area.

isa: area


particle

title: Particle

text: A particle is a tiny bit of matter that makes up everything in the universe. In particle physics, an elementary particle is a particle which cannot be split up into smaller pieces. There are many different types of particles, with different particle sizes and properties. Macroscopic particles are particles that are larger than atoms or molecules. They have volume and shape. Powder and dust are some examples of macroscopic particles. Nanoparticles are an intermediate size, being a very fine powder but much larger than atoms. Atoms and molecules are called microscopic particles. Subatomic particles are particles that are smaller than atoms. The proton, the neutron, and the electron are subatomic particles. These are the particles which make atoms. The proton has a positive charge (a + charge). The neutron has a neutral charge. The electron has a negative charge (a - charge), and it is the smallest of these three particles. In atoms, there is a small nucleus in the center, which is where the protons and neutrons are, and electrons orbit the nucleus. Protons and neutrons are made up of quarks. Quarks are subatomic particles, but they are also elementary particles because we do not know if they are made up of even smaller particles. There are six different types of quarks. These are the up quark, the down quark, the strange quark, the charm quark, the bottom quark, and the top quark. A neutron is made of two down quarks and one up quark. The proton is made up of two up quarks and one down quark.

isa: matter


peat

title: Peat

text: Peat, or turf, is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation. Peat forms in wetland bogs, moors, mires, and swamps.

isa: vegetation


phrase

title: Phrase

text: A phrase is a group of words that adds meaning to a sentence. A phrase is not a sentence because it is not a complete idea with a subject, verb and a predicate. English has five different kinds of phrases, one for each of the main parts of speech. In a phrase, the main word or the word that is that is the subject of the phrase is called the head. In the following examples, it is printed in bold. The other words in the phrase do the work of changing, or modifying the head. In a noun phrase, one or more words work together to give more information about a noun. * all my dear children * the information age * seventeen hungry lions in the rocks In an adjective phrase, one or more words work together to give more information about an adjective. * so very sweet * earnest in her desire * very happy with his work In a verb phrase, one or more words work together to give more meaning to a verb. In English, the verb phrase is very complex, but a good description of its many forms can be found [http://papyr.com/hypertextbooks/engl_126/ph_verb.htm here]. In an adverb phrase, one or more words work together to give more information about an adverb. * especially softly * formerly of the city of Perth * much too quickly to see clearly In a prepositional phrase, one or more words work together to give information about time, location, or possession, or condition. The preposition always appears at the front of the phrase (preposition = pre-position). * after a very long walk * behind the old building * for all the hungry children * in case it should happen again

isa: words


plumbing

title: Plumbing

text: Plumbing (which comes from the Latin word plumbum, which means lead, as pipes were once made from lead) is the job of working with pipes, tubing and plumbing fixtures for drinking water systems and getting rid of waste. A plumber is someone who fixes or puts in piping systems, plumbing fixtures and equipment such as water heaters. Many plumbers are construction workers. The plumbing industry is an important part of every developed economy because people need clean water and safe ways to move and store waste. Plumbing also refers to a system of pipes and fixtures put in a building to move water and the get rid of waste that is in water. Plumbing is different from water and sewage systems because plumbing system serves one building, while water and sewage systems serve a group of buildings or a city.

isa: job


prefecture

title: Prefecture

text: A prefecture is a word used in Greece and Japan (called νομός, nomós in Greece and called 県 ken in Japan) for a part of a country with its own government. It is a kind of local government. It is like an American state or a British county. In France, it is the head of the department (see Prefectures in France for more detail).


reconstruction

title: Reconstruction era

text: The Reconstruction was after the American Civil War. It was the remaking of the Southern United States, after it had lost its war of rebellion and slavery was ended. The southern states were occupied territory. Andrew Johnson became President of the U.S. after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in 1865. He wanted to make it easy to restore local rule in the previously rebellious states, and he permitted some of them to hold elections in 1865. Former leaders of the Confederate States of America who ran as Democrats were elected to Congress, and states passed laws that denied rights to former slaves. Many members of the Republican Party wanted stricter terms before local rule was returned to the South. After the Republicans won a large majority of the Congressional seats in the 1866 elections, they refused to let former Confederate leaders take seats in the United States Congress. The Republicans passed laws that former leaders of the rebellion were temporarily denied suffrage, the right to hold office or vote in elections. Three new amendments to the U.S. Constitution were passed that ended slavery, made former slaves citizens, and gave them the right to vote. Some newly freed black slaves won elected offices. Many Northern carpetbagger s also went to the occupied territories to lead the people. Some became rich. A number of positive social initiatives were carried out under Reconstruction, such as the establishment or expansion of orphan asylums, public schools and hospitals. In addition, medical care for the poor was provided by some state and local governments. Many white people in the Southern United States resisted allowing former slaves to have equal rights and to vote. The Ku Klux Klan was formed to force black people out of political and economic power. After Reconstruction ended in 1877, white people in the South used their regained political rights to pass Jim Crow Laws. These laws enforced segregation (keeping blacks and whites separate) and took the vote away from African Americans whose parents or grandparents were slaves. After Reconstruction, white Southerners voted mostly for the Democratic Party for about 80 years.


rosemary

title: Rosemary

text: Rosemary ( ) is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant evergreen needle-like leaves. It is native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae, which also includes many other herbs.


seesaw

title: Seesaw

text: A seesaw (also known as a teeter-totter) is a long, narrow board which is fixed in the middle, a little way above the ground. When one end of the seesaw goes up the other goes down. Children often like to play on seesaws. Two children sit on the seesaw, one at each end. The child who is down pushes the ground with his feet so that he goes up and his friend goes down. Then the friend pushes up so the first child goes down. They continue to go back and forth until they are ready to stop playing on the seesaw. It works best with two children who are about the same size, or else the heavy person will make his end stay down. On some seesaws there is room for two or three children on each end. There is a handle for each child to hold on to so that they do not fall off. In mechanics (a kind of physics) anything that is balanced in the middle and goes up and down like a seesaw might be described as something that "seesaws".


six

title: 6 (number)

text: The number six is a natural number that comes after the number five, before the number seven, and two before eight. Six is also the first perfect number which means that the sum of its factors (1, 2 and 3) are equal to the number itself (6). The next perfect number is 28. In Roman numerals, it is VI. The number six is an even number. The number 6 (six) is half a dozen.


skill

title: Skill

text: A skill is something you learn to do well, usually through practice and experience. It means you can perform a task or action correctly, quickly, and sometimes even in new situations. Skills can be mental, like solving a math problem; physical, like playing soccer or the piano; or social, like working well in a team or handling a disagreement calmly. Some skills, called hard skills, are very specific and easy to measure, like knowing how to fix a car engine or speak another language. Others are called soft skills, such as being organized or a good communicator. These are important too, especially when working with other people, but they are harder to test or grade. When people learn new skills, they usually go through stages. At first, they think a lot about what they are doing and may make mistakes. This is called the cognitive stage. Then, with practice, they get smoother and more confident. Finally, they can do the skill automatically without thinking about every step, this is the autonomous stage. Another model of skill development describes five stages, from beginner to expert, where experts understand patterns and use their intuition to make smart choices. To learn a skill well, it helps to know both what to do (declarative knowledge) and how to do it (procedural knowledge). Scientists have found that different parts of the brain help with different parts of learning. For example, the motor cortex and cerebellum help with body movement, while the prefrontal cortex helps plan and correct mistakes in the early stages of learning. People who become really good at something, like top athletes, musicians, or chess players, do not just practice randomly. They use deliberate practice, which means working on specific areas that need improvement and getting feedback to keep getting better. Some skills are easy to apply in different situations, but others are harder to transfer. For example, if you learn how to write a science report in school, it might not be easy to apply that skill when writing a real report at work unless you get help connecting the two. That is why teachers and trainers try to help students bridge the gap between practice and real life. In schools and jobs, skills are often organized into charts or levels to help track what someone knows. Employers now focus more on what people can actually do instead of just what degrees they have. In fast-changing fields like technology or medicine, people need to keep learning new skills.


snail

title: Snail

text: A snail is a common name for a kind of mollusc. The term is used for a gastropod with a coiled shell. Their fossil records extends back into the Carboniferous period. Land snails and slugs breathe with a kind of lung. They used to be put together in a group, the Pulmonata. This was a well-known order in traditional taxonomy. However, the Pulmonata is polyphyletic. This means the same life-style evolved in a number of different lines. This is called convergent evolution. Therefore, the Pulmonata is no longer an official term in biological classification. The term "snail" is also sometimes used for aquatic snail-like gastropods, which usually have gills. Actually, most snail species are marine snails. There are more species of them, and they are far greater in numbers. Many kinds of snails can also be found in fresh water habitats. Most land snails and slugs are herbivorous. Aquatic snails and slugs are usually omnivores or predatory carnivores. In many countries around the world, people eat snails as a delicacy. In France, snails are called escargots, which is also the name of the dish. In French cuisine, the snails are cooked in salt water and then served with a garlic sauce. The biggest snail is the giant African snail. Their foot is up to 35 cm long. The fastest snail is the Helix aspersa. It can reach speeds up to 0.047 kmh. There are known more than 43000 species of snails all over the world.


soil

title: Soil

text: Soil is a mixture of rock, minerals, water, air, and organic matter. Most land plants grow in soil. Soil is important for life on Earth because soil holds water and nutrients. It is also good for farming as it provides us with food. It is a very good place for plants to grow. Soil holds the roots, and lets plants stand above the ground to collect the light they need to live. Almost as important are the fungi. There are fungi which grow into plant roots, a symbiosis known as mycorrhiza. This helps trees grow. There are many other fungi that live by breaking down dead organic material: the remains of other living things. The broken down material is a main source of plant nutrients. The soil also has many microorganisms living in it. Many of them eat the organic material in the soil. They use oxygen and release carbon dioxide. They also release mineral nutrients into the soil. Many animals dig into the soil and make the soil their home. The large animals use soil to make dens for sleeping and giving birth. The small animals live most of their life in the soil. Earthworms are famous for improving soil. This is because the holes they make let air go into the soil. The holes also let water go through. Soil is different in different places on Earth. This is because the climate and rocks in the Earth are different in different places on Earth. Soils are usually thicker in places where ice sheets covered the land during the Pleistocene ice ages. This is because the ice sheets ground the rock into powder as they slowly moved over the surface.

isa: mixture


stomach

title: Stomach

text: The stomach is part of the digestive system. It is an internal organ between the esophagus and the small intestines. The stomach is the third stage in the digestive process. It holds food after eating. Food in the stomach then passes to the small intestine, where most of the food's nutrition is absorbed. Other words for stomach include belly and tummy.


theater

title: Theatre

text: Theatre (British English and also American English), or Theater (mostly American English), has several meanings. The word comes originally from the Greek Theatron, meaning roughly, 'a place for viewing'. In American English, the word 'theater' can mean either a place where films are shown (this is also called a cinema) or a place where live stage plays are performed. In British English, 'theatre' means a place where live plays are performed. Some people, both English and American, use the spelling 'theatre' to mean a place where live plays are performed, and the spelling 'theater' to mean a cinema. 'Theatre' can also mean the business of putting on plays. An actor might say "I am in the theatre business", or a writer might say "I write for the theatre", meaning that they write plays, rather than writing for movies or television shows.


thought

title: Thought

text: Thought is the operation of the brain in conscious activity. It may or may not be goal-directed, aimed at solving specific problems. It is not the only way brains operate. Behaviour may occur as a result of instinct, and the adaptive unconscious may solve problems without a person being aware. Other animals can use their brains to solve problems, but there is no way of telling whether they do so consciously. Thought is investigated by four or five academic disciplines, each in its own way. The disciplines include psychology, philosophy, biology, physiology, psychoanalysis and sociology.

isa: operation


tooth

title: Tooth

text: A tooth is one of the hard, white things in the mouth. Teeth (plural) are used to help the mastication process by chewing food. Chew means to break up and crush food so it can be swallowed (pushed down into the stomach). Most vertebrates have teeth. Birds are the biggest group that do not. Many invertebrates have mouthparts which, to some extent, act like teeth. Different animals have different kinds of teeth because they eat different foods. Some animals use teeth as a weapon. Human adults usually have 32 teeth. Human children usually have 20 teeth.


tunnel

title: Tunnel

text: A tunnel is an underground passage. Some tunnels are used for cars, and others are used for trains. Sometimes, a tunnel is used for movement of ships. Some tunnels are built for communication cables and some are built for electricity cables. Other tunnels are built for animals. Tunnels are dug in different kinds of grounds, from soft sand to hard rock. The way of digging is chosen by the type of ground. There are two additional ways of digging: quarry and 'cut and cover'. In quarry, the tunnel path is drilled in a horizontal way. This system requires a deep tunnel that's built in a firm rock. In the 'cut and cover' system, a tunnel is dug in the ground and then afterwards, a roof is built above the tunnel. This system fits tunnels that are close to the ground like road tunnels and infrastructure. Building tunnels is a large civil engineering project that could cost very high sums of money. The planning and building of a long tunnel may take many years. The Channel Tunnel between France and England is one of the longest tunnels in the world. It is 50 kilometers long. The longest tunnel in the world, the Gotthard Base Tunnel, is being dug in Switzerland.

isa: passage


urea

title: Urea

text: Urea is an organic compound. It was first found in urine in 1773 by the French chemist Jean Rouelle. It is also called Carbamide, and its chemical names are Carbonyl Diamide (used in inorganic chemistry) and Diaminomethanal (used in organic chemistry). In humans, it is a normal component of blood and many body tissues. It is produced in the liver, where ammonia, a very toxic substance, is changed into urea, which has a very low toxicity, so low in fact, that it is many times less toxic than table salt. Most of the urea produced in this way is not needed by the body, and is removed from the blood in the kidneys and taken out of the body in urine.

isa: compound