ai

title: Artificial intelligence

text: Artificial intelligence (AI or A.I.) is a computer program or a machine that is able to learn and mimic human thinking. Sometimes the word AI is used to talk about neural networks or deep learning. Artificial intelligence is a system's ability to understand external data, to learn from that data, and to use what it has learned to achieve specific goals or tasks through adaptation. Artificial intelligence is widely applied in speech recognition, image recognition, robotics, autonomous systems, natural language processing, machine translation, predictive analytics, medical diagnostics, fraud detection, and the control of physical processes.

isa: program


airspace

title: Air space

text: Air space is the area of the air that is controlled by a country or organisation. You have to have the permission of the controller to enter their air space in an airplane. The air traffic control lers make sure the planes go in the right place and do not hit each other or something else. Some countries are very protective of their air space.

isa: area


almond

title: Almond

text: The almond, Prunus dulcis, is a small tree in the family Rosaceae. "Almond" is also the name of the edible and widely cultivated 'nut' of this tree. Native to Iran and bordering regions, almonds are also grown in places with Mediterranean climates. The fruit of the almond has an outer hull and a hard shell with the seed or nut inside. Shelling almonds means removing the shell to get the seed. Almonds are sold either shelled or unshelled.

isa: tree


arrow

title: Arrow

text: An arrow is a projectile fired with a bow. A bow and arrow is a weapon used before medieval times and later. For thousands of years, people all over the world have used bows and arrows for hunting and for defense. Arrows have a sharp point at one end and usually a flight at the other end. The flight is usually made of feathers and helps the arrow go through the air straight. Someone who makes arrows is a fletcher. A picture of an arrow is often used to point to something. Arrows look may like this: -->. "Double-headed" arrows look like this: .


barnacle

title: Barnacle

text: A barnacle is a cirripede, a kind of crustacean. It is covered with hard plates of calcium carbonate, and lives stuck to hard surfaces. It does not look like a crustacean, and for many centuries it was thought to be a mollusc. In the 1830s, J.V. Thompson found their larvae, and followed their development through to their adult form. They have a nauplius larva, typical of crustaeans. Later Charles Darwin, who spent eight years working on barnacles, found that Thompson had been right. Barnacles grow on hard surfaces like piers, boats, rocks, and on other animals such as turtles and whales. Barnacles are a different group from crabs and shrimps. They are considered a nuisance to the shipping industry and private boat owners.


basket

title: Basket

text: A basket is a container. It is usually light in weight. Basket makers use a wide variety of materials to create a basket, such as bark, willow rods, leaves, wire, plastic, paper, and rope. There are three basic kinds of baskets—coiled, twined, or woven. A woven basket is made of spokes and weavers: the spokes run up and down and the weavers go over and under the spokes. A coiled basket is made by sewing rings of a fibrous material to the previous ring. Twined baskets have flexible weavers that are twined around the spokes in a variety of patterns. Basketmaking is a very old practice; it features in myths from various cultures. Baskets were often used to carry fruits, berries, and other things to be gathered. Nowadays, baskets are less practical but still common. Ancient baskets can be found in many cultures. Basket weaving is one of these activities, either for practical use or fun. In Native American culture, basket weaving is a common activity. ---- In basketball, the basket is an open net fixed to a metal ring in which players try to throw the ball.


bile

title: Bile

text: Bile or gall is an alkaline, green-yellow fluid. It is secreted from the liver of most vertebrate animals, and is often stored in the gall bladder. Bile helps digest fat. The components of bile are, in descending order of composition, the following: * Water * Cholesterol * Bile pigments * Bile salts The name gall comes from the Greek word cholè meaning green or yellow. These colours come from the bile pigments. One of them is green and the other is yellow. When they are mixed together, they make feces brown. The term cholesterol and the illness cholera were named after gall. Bile is also stored in bile ducts. Often after liver transplants, bile comes out of the body. Bile increases fats' total surface area to volume ratio so their digestion is easier and faster. Hence, more fats and fat-soluble vitamins like vitamins A, D, E and K can be absorbed. This keeps fat out of feces so they are brown instead of white, grey or greasy.


car

title: Automobile

text: A car, or an automobile, is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of cars state that they run primarily on roads, seat 1-8 people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people rather than cargo but are relatively smaller than a truck/lorry (to carry goods) or a bus (to carry people). There are around 1.644 billion cars in use worldwide as of January 2025.

isa: vehicle


chronology

title: Chronology

text: Chronology is a word meaning 'the study of time'. It comes from the Greek words chronos (time) and logos (word). The adjective is chronological. Putting events in chronological order means: listing them in the order in which they happened. There are many sciences which deal in different ways with chronology. General is sometimes called "periodization". Historical chronology can deal with history or with the geological history of the earth. When things are put in chronological order it can sometimes be called a "timeline". Adjective- (of a record of events) following the order in which they occurred (kind of like a timeline)


confession

title: Confession

text: In general, a confession is when a person tells someone a thing that the other person usually does not know. In different context s, the word has slightly different meanings: * In law, it is about telling a police officer or a lawyer about a crime. It might also about being a witness. In many law systems, people who confess a crime they committed will be punished less severely. * A confession of faith is usually when people say that they belong to a specific religious group or religion. This is usually done as a ritual. * In some Christian faiths, most notably, Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox Churches, a confession is telling a priest about one's own wrongdoing (which may be sinful). In certain circumstances, the priest can then forgive the sinful behaviour. Among the criteria are that the person who did wrong must be able to see that he or she did wrong, and they must be willing to correct the wrong to the best of their abilities. Often, a confession is associated with an admission of a moral or legal wrong: Not all confessions reveal wrongdoing, however. For example, a declaration of love is often considered positive both by the confessor and by the recipient of the confession and is a common theme in literature. There are several specific kinds of confessions that have significance beyond the social. A legal confession involves an admission of some wrongdoing that has a legal consequence. Confession in religion varies widely across various belief systems. It is usually part of a ritual by which the person acknowledges thoughts or actions considered sinful or morally wrong within the confines of the confessor's religion. In some religions, confession takes the form of an oral communication to another person. Socially, however, the term may refer to admissions that are neither legally nor religiously significant. Some confessions are very notable. For example, the confession of Henry II of England to the murder of Thomas Becket.


crustacean

title: Crustacean

text: Crustaceans are a subphylum of arthropods with 67,000 described species. They are part of the phylum Arthropoda. Crustaceans include crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill and barnacles. They are relatives of insects. If the Arthropods are regarded as a superphylum, then the insects and crustacea would be phyla (see List of animal phyla). The group has an extensive fossil record, reaching back to the Cambrian. Most crustaceans are aquatic, mostly marine. Some have moved onto land permanently. Crustaceans that live on land include some crabs, and woodlice. Crustacea range in size from a parasite 0.1mm long, to the Japanese spider crab with a leg span of up to 14 ft (4.3 m) and a mass of 44 lb (20 kg). The North Atlantic lobster can weigh more than 40 pounds. Most crustaceans are motile, but some become sessile after their larval stage. Barnacles are crustacea which become attached to rocks on the sea shore. Some are parasitic, like fish lice, and tongue worms. Crustacea usually have separate sexes, however some are hermaphroditic. Their eggs eventually hatch into larvae. Crustaceans are a subphylum in the phylum Arthropoda, so they have a tough exoskeleton, a series of jointed appendages, and a segmented body. Crustaceans have three major body parts. They are, front to back: head, thorax, and abdomen. They have two pairs of antennae, and two eyes. The mouth has two mandible s. Most breathe with gills, although some land crabs have developed lungs. Lobsters and crabs have hard outer skeletons (exoskeleton), and tend to preserve well as fossils. As adults, they moult their shells as they grow in size. Most large crustaceans crawl along the bottoms of streams, rivers, and the ocean, sometimes coming on land. Because they move along the ground under the water, they are called benthic creatures. Even though lobsters and shrimps can swim a bit, they usually walk along the bottom of the body of water in which they live. More than 10 million tons of crustaceans are produced by fishery or farming for human consumption, most of it is shrimps and prawns. Krill and copepods are not as widely fished, but they have the greatest animal biomass on the planet, and form a vital part of the food chain.


culture

title: Culture

text: Culture is a word for the 'way of life' of groups of people, meaning the way they do things. Different groups may have different cultures. A culture is passed on to the next generation by learning, whereas genetics are passed on by heredity. Culture is seen in people's writing, religion, music, clothes, cooking, and in what they do. The concept of culture is very complicated, and the word has some meanings. The word 'culture' is most commonly used in three ways. * Excellence of taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as high culture. * An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior. * The outlook, attitudes, values, morals, goals, and customs shared by a society. Most broadly, 'culture' includes all human phenomena which are not purely results of human genetics. The discipline which investigates cultures is called anthropology, though many other disciplines play a part.


dependant

title: Dependant

text: In tax and other law, a dependant is a person who solely relies on another for money, care or both. In many countries, supporting a dependant can make the financial benefactor/caregiver eligible for tax deductions.

isa: person


eel

title: Eel

text: Eels are teleost fish. They have long and narrow bodies like snakes. Adult eels can be as short as 10 cm or as long as 3 m. It depends on their species. The large eels can weigh up to 65 kg. Eels have fewer fins than other fish. They do not have all the belly and chest fins. The back and anal fins are long and usually connected to the tail fin. The fins do not have spines. The shoulder bones are separate from the skull. The scales have smooth edges or are absent. Eels hatch from eggs. Baby (larval) eels are flat and transparent (clear). They are called leptocephalus (Greek for "thin head"). A young eel is called an elver. For a long time people did not know where eels came from, because baby eels look very different from adults. They thought the babies were a different species. Most eels prefer to live in the shallowest parts of the ocean. They live at the bottom of the ocean, sometimes in holes. Eels in the Anguillidae family come to fresh water to live there. Eels in the Nemichthyidae family swim about 500 m below the ocean surface. Eels in the Synaphobranchidae family live as deep as 4000 m below the surface. Hand netting (catching with nets) is the only legal way of catching eels in England. It has been done for thousands of years on the River Parrett and River Severn. Most eels are predators. They hunt their prey.


genus

title: Genus

text: A genus is a rank in the biological classification (or taxonomy). It is above species, and below families. A genus can include more than one species. When biologists talk about a genus, they mean one or more species of animals or plants that are closely related to each other. As with other taxa, the plural is different from other English words because it is a Latin word. 'Genus' is the singular, and 'genera' is the plural form of the word. When printing the scientific name of an organism, the name is always in italic. A name of species has two parts, with the genus first. For example, in "Felis silvestris", Felis is the genus. The genus name always begins with a capital letter. In "Felis silvestris catus", the third word is the subspecies, which is not often used.

isa: rank


gland

title: Gland

text: A gland is a group of cells in the body which make substances such as hormones. They are in humans and other animals, and in plants. *If the substance is put directly into the bloodstream, the gland is called endocrine gland. *If the substance is carried by a duct, the gland is called an exocrine gland. Exocrine ducts empty outside the body, or into cavities inside the body. Examples of glands in humans are: *Sweat glands that produce sweat for perspiration. *The pineal gland in the brain, which produces the hormone melatonin at night.

isa: cell


graphic

title: History of graphic design

text: Graphics (from Greek ) are visual presentations made on a surface, such as a wall, canvas, computer screen, paper, or stone. It includes everything that relates to creation of signs, charts, logos, graphs, drawings, symbols, geometric designs and so on.

isa: presentation


halter

title: Halter

text: A halter is a combination of a leash and a collar. It is used to restrain the head of livestock and control its movement. Halters are mostly used with horses and cattle .

isa: combination


hand

title: Hand

text: A hand is the part of the body at the end of an arm. Most humans have two hands. Each hand usually has four fingers and a thumb. On the inside of the hand is the palm. The five bones inside this part of the hand are called metacarpals. The wrist connects the hand to the arm. The hand has 27 bones including the wrist bones. When the fingers are all bent tightly, the hand forms a fist. The joints that are the hardest part of the fist are called knuckles. Many other animals, especially other primates, have hands that can hold things. Human hands can do things which hands of other animals cannot.


harpoon

title: Harpoon

text: A harpoon is a long spear-like instrument used in fishing to catch fish or large marine mammals such as whales. It does this task by impaling the target animal, allowing the fishermen to use a rope or chain attached to the butt of the projectile to catch the animal. A harpoon can also be used as a weapon. Typically, a harpoon for fishing has backwards-pointing barbs which stop the fish getting free.

isa: instrument


harvest

title: Alien: Harvest

text: Alien: Harvest is a short film based on the science fiction action media franchise Alien. Released via IGN on April 19, 2019 for the 40th anniversary of the franchise, the film was written by Craig Dewey and directed by Benjamin Howdeshell, through Tongal Studios and 20th Century Fox. Starring Agnes Albright, Jessica Clark, Adam Sinclair and James C. Burns, the film follows four survivors of a crippled vessel locked on a collision course with a comet, as they must contend with the Xenomorph loose on board. Alien: Harvest received a generally positive critical reception.


hatchet

title: Hatchet

text: The term hatchet in contemporary usage refers loosely to any short-handled ax or ax-like tool, including hand axes, belt axes, camp axes, etc., with handles less than 20 inches in length. Traditionally, however, hatchets and hand axes were different categories of tools by manufactuers and retailers in their catalogs and literature. During the 19th through 20th centuries, hand axes were grouped and labeled as axes in the same section with long-handled axes, such as "boys" axes and "felling" axes. Hatchets, on the other hand, were lightweight, straight-handled, striking tools grouped with implements used by those in the construction trades. Hatchet heads featured ax-like blades on one side but, unlike hand axes, most often also included a hammer on the other side designed for a specific application. The most common hatchet designs appear to be the carpenter hatchet, shingling/roofing hatchet and lathing/drywall hatchet. Their names vary slightly among manufactuers and retailers while maintaining the distinction between hatchet and small axes unanimously. The term hatchet also refers to any one-handed ax-like weapon, such as tomahawks used in battle, since it is a borrowing from the French language, the diminutive form of hache, or battle-ax.


interface

title: Interface

text: An interface or shell is what the user uses on an operating system to make the computer do tasks, like writing a document, or loading a web page. There are two types of interfaces, a command line interface (CLI for short) - where people write commands to make the computer perform tasks, or a graphical user interface (GUI for short), where people use their Computer mouse to click on buttons to perform tasks.


kohlrabi

title: Kohlrabi

text: Kohlrabi is a biennial vegetable. Kohlrabi is also commonly known as the German turnip or cabbage turnip. It is related to cabbage. Kohlrabi can be eaten raw as well as cooked. Both the stem and the leaves can be eaten. Is very popular in Northern and Eastern European countries like Germany and Hungary as well as places like northern Vietnam and eastern India.

isa: vegetable


kudu

title: Kudu

text: Kudu are a type of African antelope that are found all over Africa, depending on the variety. There are two varieties of Kudu. The Lesser Kudu and the Greater Kudu. The Lesser Kudu live in Eastern Africa and Kenya and Tanzania. The Greater Kudu live in Eastern and Southern Africa.


leper

title: Leprosy

text: Leprosy is a contagious disease. It has been known for a very long time. Today, it is mostly called Hansen's disease, named after the person who discovered bacterium, Gerhard Armauer Hansen. It is caused by a bacterium, Mycobacterium leprae. A person with leprosy is called a leper. As of 2004, the estimated number of new infections was about 400,000. Getting the disease is hard, since it requires close contact with someone who has it, over a long period of time. In addition, about 95% of people seem to be naturally immune to it. Most cases of leprosy occur in India, and other developing countries. It has known to have been in the US before. There are practically no cases of leprosy in the developed world. This is because there are excellent drugs and people regularly take antibiotics which will kill the leprosy bacteria. In former times, leprosy was seen as a divine punishment for sins committed.


lip

title: Lip

text: The lips are a body part around the mouth. There is a (usually larger) lower lip, and a smaller upper lip. They help us to eat, touch and speak. Lips also show emotions.


lobster

title: Lobster

text: Lobsters are large crustaceans that live in the sea. They form the family of Nephropidae, which is sometimes also called Homaridae. People make a lot of money from catching lobsters and selling them to make seafood.

isa: crustacean


manna

title: Manna

text: Manna, sometimes spelled mana, is the name of a food which, according to the Pentateuch of the Bible, the Israelites ate while they were traveling 40 years in the desert after leaving Egypt, which God provided because they had nothing to eat. Every morning they would gather the white flakes that covered the ground. It is said to have a sweet taste. When they got tired of manna, God gave them quail (bird).

isa: food


meadow

title: Meadow

text: A meadow is a field of grass and other non-woody plants. It may be cut or grazed by livestock such as cattle, sheep or goats.

isa: field


memory

title: Memory

text: Memory is the personal record of past experiences. It is the brain's ability to store information to use later. Memory is studied in sciences known as "cognitive psychology". There are two types of memory: short-term and long-term memory, or known as working memory and reference memory. # Short-term memory, the ability to keep information in mind for a short time, like remembering a phone number long enough to find a piece of paper. # Long-term memory, the ability to remember things long after they happen, like remembering a holiday you had last year. The Greeks considered memory (Mnemosyne) as the mother of Muses, for without her there would be no art and science.

isa: record


milo

title: Milos

text: Milos or Melos is a volcanic Greek island in the Aegean Sea, just north of the Sea of Crete. Milos is the southwesternmost island in the Cyclades group. Melos is one of the Aegean Islands where many ancient artifacts were found, including the Venus de Milo. This island covers .


miso

title: Miso

text: Miso (味噌 or みそ) is a thick or solid paste. It is a traditional Japanese seasoning. Miso is similar to the Korean doenjang. It is made by fermenting soy beans with sea salt or salt and kōji. Grains such as barley or rice, and sometimes other ingredients, are also often added. Miso is high in protein and rich in vitamins and minerals. Miso tastes salty and, depending on the grains used and the fermentation time, may also be sweet. Miso is used to make miso soup. Miso is a very important part of Japanese food. There are different kinds of miso. Kome miso (米味噌) is made from rice and beans. Mame miso (豆味噌) is made from beans. Mugi miso (麦味噌) is made from barley and beans. Awase miso (合せ味噌) is a mix of these misos.

isa: thick


moonshine

title: Moonshine

text: Moonshine (also called white lightning, mountain dew, hooch, "Tennessee white whiskey", and many other names) is an alcoholic drink that is made illegally. But is usually hidden well from the law.

isa: drink


nonpareil

title: Nonpareils

text: Nonpareils are a decorative confectionery of tiny balls made with sugars and starch. They come in many colors. They are used for decorating cakes, bread and cookies. Nonpareils date back to the 18th century.

isa: confectionery


ornamental

title: Ornamental plant

text: An ornamental plant is decorative: it is grown for how it looks, and not for other values. The term is often shortened to ornamental, used as a noun Ornamental plants are plants that are grown for decoration. They are on display in gardens, landscapes and inside houses. They can be used indoors as cut flowers or potted plants. The cultivation of ornamental plants comes under floriculture and tree nurseries, which is a major branch of horticulture. Ornamental plants are usually grown in the flower garden, or as house plants. They are usually grown for the display of their flowers. Other common ornamental features include leaves, scent, fruit, stem and bark. In all cases, their purpose is for the enjoyment of gardeners and visitors. Ornamental plants may be used for landscaping, and for cut flowers. The cultivation, called floriculture, is a major branch of horticulture. Ornamental plants come in a range of shapes, sizes and colours suitable to a broad array of climates, landscapes, and gardening needs. They are also often chosen for specialised looks or feels in landscape gardening. Darwin was deeply interested in plants all his life. Several of his books are on plant physiology, and orchids were a passion for him. Outstanding gardens can be an attraction for visitors. The white garden at Sissinghurst Castle was created by poet and writer Vita Sackville-West (1892 1962), and is still bringing in the paying visitors.


overburden

title: Overburden

text: Overburden is the material that sits on top of an area where miners or archaeologists want to dig. In mining, it is usually the soil or rock that sits on top of a coal or ore deposit. The soil needs to be removed to get to the minerals or objects below.

isa: material


percussion

title: Percussion instrument

text: Percussion instruments are musical instruments which are played by shaking or hitting. There are many different kinds of percussion instruments. A person who plays a percussion instrument is a percussionist. Percussionists are usually able to play lots of different percussion instruments, because the basic skills required are similar. Some percussion instruments can play tunes. These are called “tuned percussion”. Tuned percussion instruments include: xylophone, glockenspiel, vibraphone, tubular bells and timpani. Untuned percussion instruments include: bass drum, side drum (snare drum), maracas, castanets, cymbals, tambourine, claves and many more. In an orchestra there can be more different kind of percussion instruments than in the other families: string, woodwind and brass instruments. However, older music does not often use lots of percussion. Most music for orchestra by composers like Mozart, Gustav Mahler and Beethoven only use the timpani. In the 19th century, more percussion is added: cymbals, tambourine, triangle etc. In the 20th century, some composers may use very many percussion instruments. Whenever any unusual instrument is used that does not fit into the category of string, woodwind, brass or keyboard, it is usually played by a percussionist. Sometimes composers have used things like typewriters, milk bottles or vacuum cleaners in their pieces.


planet

title: Planet

text: A planet is a large object such as Venus or Earth that orbits a star. Planets do not make light but can reflect light. Planets are spherical (that is, ball-shaped), because their gravity compresses them into a sphere. Jupiter is the biggest planet in the Solar System, while the smallest planet in the Solar System is Mercury. Planets are shaped like a slightly squashed ball (called a spheroid). Objects that orbit planets are called satellites. A star and everything which orbits it are called a star system. There are eight planets in the Solar System. Pluto used to be called a planet, but in August 2006, the International Astronomical Union decided it was a dwarf planet instead. Because of its similar size to other things in space that were not planets. There are eight more known dwarf planets in the Solar System, Ceres, Eris, Makemake, Haumea, Quaoar, Orcus, Gonggong, and Sedna. The name "planet" is from the Greek word πλανήτης (planetes), meaning "wanderers", or "things that move". Until the 1990s, people only knew the planets in the Solar System. Since then 4,905 extrasolar planets (exoplanets) have been discovered in 3,629 planetary systems (January 2022 data). The count includes 808 multi-planetary systems. Known exoplanets range in size from gas giants about twice as large as Jupiter down to just over the size of the Moon. About 100 of these planets are roughly the size as Earth. Nine of these orbit in the habitable zone of their star. Also extrasolar moons (moons orbiting extrasolar planets) have been observed.


plurality

title: First-past-the-post voting

text: First-past-the-post is a voting system used by some countries to elect their governments or the members of their parliaments. In a first-past-the-post system, a country is divided into constituencies. In these constituencies people known as candidates each of whom usually represents a different political party, will stand for election to the country's parliament. In the individual constituencies, the candidate who gets the most votes from people, wins the race to be elected to a seat in parliament. Plurality is another name for such an electoral system. It is in contrast to the majority system, where the winning candidate must have more votes than all other candidates combined. If a party wins over 50% of the seats, it can form a majority government. If no single party wins over 50% of the seats, then either the party with the most seats can form a minority government, or a coalition government can be formed from two or more of the other political parties who together have over 50% of the seats. Countries using first-past-the-post include the United Kingdom, Canada, India and partly in the United States and the Philippines.

isa: system


powder

title: Powder

text: Powder is very small, dry pieces or grains. When we press some dry solids very hard, or when we cut something up into lots of small pieces, we can sometimes make powder. For example, people sometimes put face powder on their faces, when they want to look good. Sometimes sports players put powder on their hands, to make them dry. We put curry powder in our food, to make it taste stronger. We put washing powder, which is a kind of soap, in the washing machine when we want to have clean clothes. People use gunpowder to make bombs and fireworks. "Powder" is also a verb - meaning to apply powder.


pretender

title: Pretender

text: A pretender is someone who says that he or she has the right to be ruler. The word is often used to describe someone who claims that they have the right to be king, queen, emperor etc. They claim that the ruler who is on the throne should not be there. Sometimes people call such a person a "claimant". The person may be an imposter (someone who is pretending to be someone else). Often they are pretending to be a prince or other royal person who is missing or whom people think is dead. However, they may have a genuine right to the throne. The word pretend comes from the French word prétendre (from the Latin praetendo lit. "to stretch out before" ). It means: to profess, to make a loud statement. In modern English the word pretend means "to claim falsely".


rap

title: Rapping

text: Rapping is a type of vocals, like singing. It is different to singing because it is more like talking, but timed with rhythm over music. Someone who raps is called a rapper, or sometimes an MC. That stands for Master of Ceremonies. Rapping can be done over music of many types (or genres), including jazz, house, reggae and many more. One genre of music that includes a lot of rapping is hip hop. What people think of as rapping today, was started by African Americans in New York City, USA, in the 1970s. People would talk over disco music DJ s at parties, and this gradually evolved into rapping. But, the start of the art of rapping is even older. Reggae artists in Jamaica used a similar style to rapping from the 1950s. Going back further than that, the West African Griots (travelling musicians and poet s) would also rap over tribal drums in the 1400s. Today rapping is a very popular style of vocals. Many of the best selling artists in the world use it in their music.

isa: vocal


reputation

title: Reputation

text: Reputation is the opinion of the public towards a person, a group of people, or an organization. It is an important factor in many fields, such as business, online communities or social status.

isa: opinion


retribution

title: Retribution

text: Retribution is the sixth studio album by American heavy metal band Shadows Fall. The album was released on September 15, 2009.

isa: album


runtime

title: Runtime

text: In computer science, runtime or run time describes the operation of a computer program, the duration of its execution, from beginning to termination. The term runtime can also refer to a virtual machine to manage a program written in a computer language while it is running. Run time is sometimes used to mean runtime library, a library of basic code that is used by a particular compiler but when used in this fashion, runtime library is more accurate. A runtime environment is a virtual machine state which provides software services for processes or programs while a computer is running. Runtime activities include loading and linking of the classes needed to execute a program, optional machine code generation and dynamic optimization of the program, and actual program execution. For example, a program written in Java calls for services from the Java Runtime Environment by issuing commands from which the expected result is returned by the Java Runtime. By providing these services, the Java Runtime Environment is considered the runtime environment of the program. Both the program and the Java Runtime Environment request services from the operating system. The operating system kernel provides services for itself and all processes and software running under its control. The Operating System may be considered as providing a runtime environment for itself.


sail

title: Sail

text: A sail is a large piece of cloth on the top of some boats. The wind goes around the sail and makes the boat move through the water. The piece that the sail is attached to is called a mast. Some boats have many sails, and some have only one. Usually, small boats have only one sail, and bigger boats have more. Boats with sails are called sailing boats. There are many different names for different kinds of sailing boats with different kinds of sails. Before people made boats with engines that used coal or oil, sailing boats were an important way to travel across oceans. Now they are not so important for transport, but they are still used for recreation and competition.


sensation

title: Sensation

text: A sensation is excitement, or something that produces excitement. A new song or a new play might be termed a "sensation" or producing "sensation". A thrilling ride on a roller coaster might be described as "sensational".


serpent

title: Snake

text: Snakes, otherwise known as serpentes, are reptiles. They are part of the order Squamata. They are carnivores, with long narrow bodies and no legs. There are at least 20 families, about 500 genera and 3,400 species of snake.


shelter

title: Shelter

text: A shelter is a place where someone or something is put in or goes to be kept safe or hidden. It can also be any place where people live that "shelters" ( protects) them from any danger such as the weather. There are different kinds of shelters and they are for used for different reasons. *Picnic Shelters *Women's Shelters *Men's Shelter *Animal Shelters *Homeless shelter *Political Shelters *Religious Shelters *Shelters from War. *Shelters from disasters or emergencies. bomb shelters and fallout shelters. Currently, Women's Shelters are found around the United States, United Kingdom, and many other First World countries. In these places, women are there to hide or are running away from abusive or dangerous situations. In these shelters, they are given food and a place to stay for an amount of time (usually 1-3 months at a time). They are put into a support group and given a temporary counselor. There is a high success rate in this type of place.

isa: place


sidewinder

title: Sidewinder

text: The Sidewinder rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes), also known as the "Horned Rattlesnake", is a species of venomous pit viper. There are three subspecies. It is called a sidewinder because it uses sidewinding to move across sand.


snow

title: SNoW

text: SNoW (born June 11, 1985 in Tokyo, Japan) is a J-Pop singer. She is now studying at Santa Monica College in California. She was raised in a two language environment. Her favorite artists include Ani DiFranco, Iggy Pop, Talking Heads, and Jack Johnson. Her first single "Yes" was released under an indie record label in November 2004. In 2005, she changed labels to Sony Music Entertainment Japan. With Sony, she released "Hanabi made Ato Sukoshi" (花火まであとすこし - unofficial translation: "A Little Longer Until the Fireworks") in July. Her third single, "Sakasama no Chō" (逆さまの蝶, "The Inverted Butterfly"), was released on January 25, 2006. "Sakasama no Chō" was the opening theme of the 2005/2006 anime Jigoku Shoujo (地獄少女). It will also be used in the movie Humoresque to be released in February 2006. The opening theme for Jigoku Shōjos second season, "NightmaRe", was also performed by SNoW. It was released as a single on December 6, 2006.


solitaire

title: Solitaire (card game)

text: Solitaire is a card game for one player using a pack of playing cards. There are many types of solitaire, such as Klondike, FreeCell, Pyramid, Golf, and Spider. Most computer operating systems include simple solitaire games such as Spider Solitaire on Microsoft Windows. In Klondike, the player wins the game when the player has all the cards in four stacks organized by color ("suit") and number. In many countries (for example, UK), solitaire is called Patience.

isa: game


solubility

title: Solubility

text: Solubility is the ability of a substance (the solute), to mix into a liquid (the solvent). It measures the highest amount of substance mixed into a liquid solvent while they are both at equal amounts. When the two mix together it is called a saturated solution. Certain substances can mix into any amount of a liquid solvent. An example of this is ethanol in water. This process is better described as "miscible" (the ability to mix with one another). Solubility does not depend on the size, in fact even the large particles will eventually all dissolve. A solute is a substance that is dissolving in a solvent and is the smaller part of the solution. A solvent is the bigger part of a solution and is the substance that the solute dissolves in. This may be presented in different ways such as a solubility curve, usually used to tell whether a substance is saturated or unsaturated.

isa: substance


sourdough

title: Sourdough

text: Sourdough bread is made by the fermentation of dough using naturally occurring lactobacilli and yeast. It uses those wild microbes as the leavening agent, rather than cultivated baker's yeast. The lactic acid produced by the lactobacilli gives it a more sour taste and improved keeping qualities.


sperm

title: Sperm

text: Sperm are the male reproductive cells. Most animals and plants use sperm to reproduce. They have different ways of making and releasing the sperm. In all cases the sperm meets with the egg of the female and together they grow into a new organism. The name sperm is taken from the Greek word sperma meaning seed. An animal sperm cell is capable of movement, as it has to get to the uterus to meet with the ovum. Animal sperm cells (including humans) have small 'head' and a long tail called a flagellum. The flagellum acts like a motor to propel the sperm cell through the female reproductive system.

isa: cell


spleen

title: Spleen

text: The spleen is an organ in vertebrates. The spleen is part of the lymphatic system. In people, it is on the left side of the body, under the heart. The spleen helps fight infections and keeps the blood cells healthy.

isa: organ


stave

title: Staff (music)

text: A staff (or stave) is the name given to the five horizontal lines on which we can write music. Musical notes can be placed either on a line (i.e. with a line going through the middle of the note head) or in a space. There are four inside spaces as well as the two outer spaces at the top or bottom. The higher the pitch of the note the higher it will be on the staff. Taking the white notes of a keyboard: each note (A, B, C, D etc.) is placed higher on the stave (line, space, line, space etc.). A clef is needed to show which notes they are. There are different clefs to suit high, medium or low instruments. : This musical example shows the opening of Symphony no 5 by Beethoven. The first three notes are on the second line (counting from the bottom). They are Gs, because there is a treble clef at the beginning of the staff. The fourth note is a little lower: on the bottom line, the E line (because of the flats in the key signature it is an E flat). The next note is between the other two in pitch (an F). After the three Fs comes a D in the outside bottom space. Sometimes composers have used staves with fewer or more than 5 lines, but the five-line staff started to become the usual one in Western music in the 13th century. When notes are a little too high or low to put on the stave, extension lines are used. These are called ledger lines. If two or more staves are being played at the same time the staves are joined on the left by a bracket which is called a brace. Piano music, for example, is written on two staves: one for the right hand and one for the left. Instruments that only play a rhythm (such as the cymbals), do not need a stave. The notes can be written just on one line. The beats are crosses. It's modern notation started from the Catholic Church.

isa: given


stew

title: Stew

text: A stew is a dish cooked for a long time, and served in the gravy produced by the cooking. The basic materials may be any meat and/or vegetables. It is ideal for tough meat like mutton and beef cuts which have marbling (fat) and connective tissue. Also, the tougher vegetables should be used. It is traditional to start off with a simple sauce, such as a roux. Even simpler, flour and an Oxo stock cube can be stirred in some milk and water. It is usual for the tougher meats to start off by themselves, with vegetables added later. Casseroles and stews are similar. Casseroles often have a topping; stews do not. Stewing is a cooking process whereby heat is applied to the bottom of the cooking vessel (typically over a fire or on a stove), whereas casserole cooking is generally baked in an oven where heat circulates all around the cooking vessel.


strawberry

title: Strawberry

text: A strawberry is a short plant belonging to the wild strawberry genus of the rose family.It is a widely cultivated hybrid species of the genus Fragaria.The name strawberry refers both to the plant and to its sweet, edible fruit.The fruit is popular for its pleasant flavor and also used to describe flavors that taste like it. The true fruit of the strawberry plant are the tiny "seeds" on the surface.What we call the strawberry fruit is actually the swollen ,sweet part of the plants stem surrounding the real fruit, which contains the seeds.Despites it's name,the strawberry are is not a true berry. The modern strawberry is a hybrid of two wild strawberry species.It was first cultivated in the 1750's.


surround

title: Surround sound

text: Surround sound is the name of a number of technologies for sound reproduction. At the start, sound was reproduced using a single channel (called mono), later there were two channels, left and right (called stereo). Surround sound extends this idea, by adding more channels. There are speakers that surround the listener. The speakers are grouped, and each group has its own channel. There are different setups ranging from 2 or 3 speakers/channels in the front, and two in the back, up to a setup with 24 speakers (known as 22.2) With surround sound, channels are treated differently, to be able to create special sound effects. In classical theatres, surround sound is not used; they may also have different speaker with different channels, but all channels are treated the same.

isa: technology


total

title: TotalEnergies

text: Total SA or Total ( ) is one of the world's biggest oil and gas companies. It was created in 1924. Total has also activities in chemistry. In December 2022, the NGOs Friends of the Earth, Survie and four Ugandan NGOs sent the oil group Total to court and accused it of violating the law on the duty of vigilance of large French companies in terms of human rights and environment.[https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2022/12/07/totalenergies-de-nouveau-face-a-la-justice-pour-son-megaprojet-en-ouganda_6153413_3212.html].


unction

title: Anointing of the sick

text: Anointing of the Sick is a sacrament (a sacred ceremony) in Roman Catholicism and other Christian denominations. It is given to people who are "in danger due to sickness or old age". A person does not have to be dying to receive the Anointing of the Sick. It can be done for anyone with a medical problem which they could die from. Anointing of the Sick is also called Unction. In the past, it was called Extreme Unction. ("Anointing" and "Unction" are both words for putting oil on a person. Oil is an important part of the ceremony.)


wheat

title: Wheat

text: Wheat (Genus: Triticum) is a cereal grain. People eat it most often in the form of bread. It is a kind of grass whose fruit is a "head of wheat" with edible seeds. It was first grown in the Levant, a region of the Near East. Now it is cultivated worldwide. World trade in wheat is greater than for all other crops combined. Globally, wheat is the leading source of vegetable protein in human food. It has a higher protein content than other major cereals such as maize (corn) or rice. In terms of total production, it is second to rice as the main human food crop and ahead of maize (maize is used more for animal feeds). Almost 800,000,000 tonnes are harvested every year. Wheat was a key factor enabling the emergence of city-based societies at the start of civilization. It was one of the first crops that could be easily cultivated on a large scale, and its seeds could be stored for long periods in a dry climate. Wheat helped the growth of city-states in the Fertile Crescent, including the Babylonian, Assyrian and persian empires. Wheat grain is a staple food used to make flour for leavened, flat and steamed breads, biscuits, cookies, cakes, breakfast cereal, pasta, noodles, couscous. It can also be fermented to make ethanol, for alcoholic drinks, or biofuel. An allergy to wheat (mostly from its gluten) can cause coeliac disease, which makes the sufferer have diarrhoea if they eat any food containing wheat.

isa: grain


whipsaw

title: Whipsaw

text: Whipsaw is a 1935 American romantic crime drama movie directed by Sam Wood and starring Myrna Loy, Spencer Tracy, Harvey Stephens, William Harrigan, Robert Warwick, Clay Clement, Wade Boteler. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.


winter

title: Winter

text: Winter is one of the four season and it is the coldest time of the year. The days are shorter, and the nights are longer. Winter comes after autumn and before spring.


writer

title: Writer

text: A writer can mean anyone who makes a written work or who writes, but the word more usually means people who write creatively or as a job, or those who have written in many different forms.