aerial

title: Antenna

text: An antenna or aerial is a metal device made to send or receive radio waves. Many electronic devices like radio, television, radar, wireless LAN, cell phone, and GPS need antennas to do their job. Antennas work both in air and outer space. The word antenna is from Guglielmo Marconi's test with wireless equipment in 1895. For the test, he used a 2.5 meter long pole antenna with a tent pole called ' l'antenna centrale ' in Italian. So his antenna was simply called ' l'antenna '. After that, the word 'antenna' became popular among people and had the meaning it has today. The plural of antenna is either antennas or antennae (U.S. and Canada tends to use antennas more than other places).

isa: device


afghan

title: Afghanistan

text: Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan is a country in Asia. It borders Pakistan in the south and east (border with India is disputed), Iran in the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and China in the far northeast. Kabul is the capital city. Afghanistan is currently governed by the Taliban, after the collapse of the internationally recognized Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on 15 August 2021. The country is around in size. There are 40.976 million people in Afghanistan. There are about 3 million Afghan refugees (people who had to leave the country) in Pakistan and Iran. In 2011 Kabul, had about 3,691,400 people living in it. United Nations Human Rights Council decided in October 2021 to appoint an independent expert, known as a United Nations special rapporteur on Afghanistan, to find out about violations carried out by the Taliban and others who are now part of a big conflict.

isa: country


aggression

title: Aggression

text: Aggression refers to behavior between members of the same species that is intended to cause humiliation, pain, or harm. Ferguson and Beaver defined aggressive behavior as "Behavior which is intended to increase the social dominance of the organism relative to the dominance position of other organisms” Aggression takes a variety of forms among humans and can be physical (such as violence) mental (gaslighting for example), or verbal. There are two types of aggression. There is hostile, affective aggression and instrumental, predatory, or goal-oriented aggression. Reactive relational aggression (hostile, affective, retaliatory) is used in response to feeling attacked, threatened, or mad. Usually the person who shows this type of aggression feels provoked to do so. Instrumental relational aggression (predatory, goal-oriented) is used in order for an individual to get what they want. Predatory or defensive behavior between members of different species is not normally considered as "aggression." Like most, or even all behaviors, aggression can be examined in terms of its ability to help an animal reproduce and survive. Animals may use aggression to gain and secure territories, as well as other resources including food, water, and mating opportunities. The most apparent type of aggression is that seen in the interaction between a predator and its prey. An animal defending itself against a predator becomes aggressive in order to survive and predator in order to secure food. Because aggression against a much larger enemy or group of enemies would be nearly certain to lead to the death of an animal, animals have developed a good sense of when they are outnumbered. This ability to gauge the strength of other animals gives animals a "fight or flight" response to predators. Depending on how strong they gauge the predator to be, animals will either become aggressive or flee. Animals can also try to look bigger than they actually are to try and use this against other animals or rivals. Although humans share aspects of aggression with non-human animals, they differ from most of them in the complexity of their aggression because of factors such as culture, morals, and social situations.


anchor

title: Anchor

text: Anchors are used to stop boats from moving. Today, anchors are usually made of metal, and they are made to catch the ocean floor (the seabed). There are two main types of anchors: temporary and permanent. A permanent anchor is called a mooring block and is not easily moved. A temporary anchor can be moved and is carried on the boat. When people talk about anchors, they are usually thinking about temporary anchors. An anchor works by either weight (mass) or shape. Shape is more important to temporary anchors, and design is very important. Anchors must resist wind and tide, and also the up-and-down movement of waves.


animal

title: Animal

text: Animals (or Metazoa) are living creatures with many cells that make up the kingdom Animalia. Animals get their energy from other living things. Usually, they eat them or are parasites. Animals, plants, fungi, and some other living things have complex cells, so they are grouped together as eukaryotes. The study of animals is called zoology. The study of ancient life is called palaeontology. Most animals are mobile, meaning they can move around. Animals take in oxygen, and give out carbon dioxide. This cellular respiration is part of their metabolism (chemical working). In both these ways they are different from plants. Also, the cells of animals have different cell membranes to other eukaryotes like plants and fungi. Plants are also multicellular eukaryotic organisms, but live by using light, water and basic elements to make their tissues.

isa: creature


bathroom

title: Bathroom

text: A bathroom (also known as a restroom, washroom, toilet or lavatory) is where people go for personal hygiene activities. This includes use of the toilet, wash their hands, brush their teeth, take a bath, take a dump, or take a shower. The room may also contain a sink, often called a "wash basin", “hair basin” or "hand basin" (in parts of the United States) and often a "lavatory." In the United States, "bathroom" mostly means "a room containing a lavatory." In other countries this is mostly called the "toilet". The word "bathroom" is also used in the United States for a public toilet or "restroom." Bathrooms also have bathroom cabinets.


bell

title: Bell

text: A bell is a simple musical instrument. Most bells are made of metal. Many churches use bells to announce the time between hours. Ships usually carry a ship's bell. Alarm bells warn of danger. Some bells are in bell towers or Carillon s and some are in clock towers to tell people the time.

isa: instrument


blockade

title: Blockade

text: A blockade is a physical blockage of a port or other place. Usually used of enemy ships surrounding a port. By extension, a blockade is any effort to make sure that supplies, troops, information or aid do not reach an opposing force. Blockades are used in nearly all military campaigns and the tool of choice for economic warfare on an opposing nation. The International Criminal Court planned to include blockades against coasts and ports in its list of acts of war in 2009.

isa: port


blue

title: Blue

text: Blue is one of the colors of the rainbow that people can see. It is one of the primary colors (colors that can be mixed with other colors) of light, along with red and green. Apart from violet, it has the shortest wavelength of colors in the rainbow (about 470 nanometers). Blue paint can be made by mixing magenta and cyan paint. Blue is the color of the Earth's sky and sea. Earth looks blue when seen from outer space by astronauts. It is the color of cold, introversion and openness, by opposition to the red, which is the color of warm, extroversion and the closure. In alchemy, blue is also the color of the warm introvert (blue fire), by opposition to the red, which is the color of the warm extrovert (red fire). Blue is usually associated with masculinity, harmony, conservatism, liberalism, the cold, sadness, calmness and royalty.


cabbage

title: Cabbage

text: Cabbage (Brassica oleracea Capitata Group) is an edible plant. It is a lot like broccoli, cauliflower or Brussels sprouts. Cabbage is eaten in many ways around the world. Coleslaw and sauerkraut are popular foods that use cabbage. It is also used to make kimchi and borscht, and can also be used in salads. Red cabbage juice can be used as a pH indicator. Cabbages are usually green, but they can also be red.

isa: plant


cap

title: Cap

text: A cap is a form of headgear or headware. Caps have crowns that fit very close to the head. They have been used in almost every society, especially those societies which have colder weather. They made their first appearance as early as 3,200BC. Caps typically have a visor, but sometimes have no brim at all. They are popular in casual and informal settings, and are seen in sports and fashion. They are designed for warmth, and often have a visor to block sunlight from the eyes. They come in many shapes, sizes, and are of different brands. Baseball caps are one of the most common types of cap. In slang, "cap" is also a word for lying.

isa: headgear


champ

title: The Champ

text: The Champ is a 1931 American drama movie directed by King Vidor and starring Wallace Beery, Jackie Cooper, Irene Rich, Roscoe Ates, Edward Brophy. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was nominated for 4 Oscars and won 2 Academy Awards in 1931. It was remade twice in 1953 as The Clown and in 1979 as The Champ.


chancellor

title: Chancellor

text: Chancellor is the head of the government in some European countries including Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The title "Chancellor" means the same thing as "Prime Minister". For example, Italy has a Prime Minister while Germany has a Chancellor but they have roughly the same job. In the United Kingdom, the Chancellor of the Exchequer is the person in charge of the country's finances (taxes and spending). Also in the United Kingdom, there is a Lord Chancellor. Chancellor is also a title given to public officials in some other countries. For example, Daijō-daijin or Chancellor of the Realm was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods.

isa: head


chocolate

title: Chocolate

text: Chocolate is a food made from cacao beans. It is used in many desserts like pudding, cakes, candy, ice cream, and Easter eggs. It can be in a solid form like a candy bar or it can be in a liquid form like hot chocolate. Commercial chocolate has sugar and sometimes milk added. It has a melting point of about . Dark chocolate has less sugar, and a more bitter taste. It was originally used to make drinking chocolate. Chocolate has been around the world since the time of the Olmec, Mayan, and Aztecs.

isa: food


citrus

title: Citrus

text: Citrus is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits. The genus Citrus is native to South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia. For thousands of years, people in these areas grew citrus plants. Citrus fruits include oranges, lemons, grapefruits, limes, citrons, pomelos, and kumquats. Citrus reached Micronesia and Polynesia with the Austronesian expansion around 3000-1500 BC. It reached the Middle East and Mediterranean around 1200 BC, and then Europe. *See also List of citrus fruits.

isa: tree


cloaca

title: Cloaca

text: The cloaca is a common rear opening in land vertebrates. Through this opening, the animals expel urine and faeces, and carry out reproduction. The cloaca is a primitive or 'basal' feature of tetrapods. All amphibia, all sauropsids (reptiles and birds) and even monotreme mammals have a cloaca. A different method is used by therian mammals, such as marsupials and placentals. They have an anus for defecation, and another opening for urine and sexual reproduction.

isa: opening


dedication

title: Dedication

text: Dedication can mean: the act of consecrating (making holy) a religious building such as a temple or church. Dedication can also mean the writing at the beginning of a book or piece of music in which the author or composer says that it was written for a particular person. For example: a composer may write a piece of music for a particular musician and dedicate it to them. An author may dedicate a book to someone they love or respect. A book or a piece of music may be dedicated to the person who has paid them to write it. This may be a rich person such as king.


determinative

title: Determiner

text: In linguistics, a determiner (abbreviated DET ) is a word which adds information to a noun. It gives information about the context of the noun. A determiner may show whether the thing described is definite or indefinite, closer or more distant, singular or plural, etc. Common kinds of determiners include definite and indefinite articles (like the English the and a or an), demonstratives (this and that), possessives (my and their), quantifiers (many, few and several), numerals (three, twenty), this may mean it tells you how many of something there is.


dill

title: Dill

text: Dill (Anethum graveolens) is a short-lived annual herb that is often used as a spice, to make food taste better by adding a unique, slightly tangy flavor that goes well with savory foods.

isa: herb


dram

title: Dynamic random-access memory

text: Dynamic random-access memory is the most commonly used form of RAM. DRAM is called dynamic (or active), because it must be refreshed all the time or it will lose the data which it is supposed to be storing. Because it loses data when power is removed, DRAM is called volatile. This word comes from the Latin adjective volātilis, which means "flying, fleeting, transitory". Refreshing DRAM means reading the data from the DRAM and directly writing them back to the DRAM. DRAM is made up of millions of very small capacitors. Each of these capacitors has a transistor to let energy in and out. The capacitor slowly loses energy, and if the DRAM is not refreshed, in the end one or more of the capacitors will let so much energy out, that for example a 1 will become a 0, so data will be lost or corrupted. Almost all computers refresh their DRAM many times per second.


dream

title: Dream

text: Dreams are what a person sees and hears in their mind when they are sleeping. They are often similar to real life in some ways but can also be very strange. Dreams can feel so real that the person dreaming may not believe they are awake. This tends to happen during a false awakening, where a person dreams of waking up. A person has around 4 - 6 dreams per night and tends to only remember the last two. Sometimes, a person realizes during a dream that they are dreaming but keeps having the dream. This is called a lucid dream. This rarely happens for most people. During a lucid dream, a person usually has full control over their body as well as the environment around them. There are no limits in lucid dreams, sometimes not even the imagination. Most people remember their dreams in some way or another, even if it is only a small part, but children are more likely to remember most of their dream clearly. It is often easier for people to remember dreams if they write down what happened in the dream just after they wake up. Because of this, many people have dream diaries where they describe each dream they have. This is called dream recall. The more it is done, the better they remember their dreams. If a person is woken up during a dream, they tend to have a much more reliable memory of it. Nightmares are dreams which scare or shock people. Nightmares are usually based around a person's everyday fears, like spiders or dark places, but even a dream that's not about those things can feel unpleasant. Nightmares are caused by many different things: being uncomfortable or in pain while sleeping, sickness, stress, or even eating right before sleeping. There are many different theories about why people dream and what their dreams mean. Every person has different dreams. Some psychologists believe that dreams reflect what is happening in the unconscious mind (the part of the mind that works by itself). Others think that people, places, and objects in dreams are symbols for other things in the dreamer's real life. Throughout history, people have tried to make sense of dreams to learn things from them and have often used them for divination or fortune-telling. Today, there are still many books and websites devoted to making sense of dreams.

isa: see


drum

title: Drum

text: A drum is a musical instrument. It is played with the hands, sometimes using a drum stick (a stick for hitting a drum). A collection of drums and cymbals is called a drum kit, or drum set.


endowment

title: Financial endowment

text: A financial endowment is money given to something to be saved in an investment. This is done so that the money will make a bigger difference when it is saved up over time.


explosion

title: Explosion

text: An explosion is a fast increase in volume and increase in energy made available. It normally makes high temperatures and makes gases. Many natural events can make explosions, such as lightning, volcanic eruptions, meteors, and supernovae. People make explosions mostly by using chemical explosive materials. A chemical explosion starts pressure waves in the medium where it happens. Explosions are categorized as deflagrations if the pressure waves are subsonic and detonations if they are supersonic. When a detonation happens, the resulting pressure waves are named shock waves.

isa: increase


fact

title: Fact

text: A fact is a statement that is real or true, or a thing that can be shown to be real or true. That is its core meaning, though the word has a long history, and has been used in many ways. A fact is something that has really happened or is actually the case. The usual test for a statement of fact is whether it can be shown to be true. Standard reference works are often used to check facts. Scientific facts are verified by careful observation or measurement (by experiments or other means).

isa: statement


failure

title: Failure

text: A failure (fail, or flop) is where a goal or mission is not completed. It can mean the opposite of success.


faith

title: Religion

text: Religion is a set of beliefs and social-cultural systems, including certain practices, morals, beliefs and worldviews, that relate humanity to supernatural or spiritual elements —though there is no current fully agreed definition on what a religion exactly is. Different religions may or may not have different parts about the divine, sacredness, faith and a supernatural being or beings. Religion often answers questions about the origin, nature, and purpose of existence, usually including a belief in supernatural entities, such as deities or spirits that have power in the natural world. Religious practices include the rituals and devotions directed at the supernatural. Often religions believe in the spiritual nature of humans. There are many different religions, denominations or sects, each with a different set of beliefs. Some beliefs are also concerned with the moral behavior of humans.

isa: belief


fatigue

title: Fatigue

text: Fatigue or tiredness is a physical or mental feeling. It happens when someone is ready to sleep or has done a lot of physical exercise. The person may feel weak, slow or sleepy. They may yawn and may find it difficult to keep the eyes open. Usual fatigue goes away when you rest or sleep. Fatigue may also be caused by physical or mental illness, jet lag, drug or alcohol use, medications, blood loss, malnutrition, starvation, stress or boredom.


flax

title: Flax

text: Flax (also known as common flax or linseed) (Linum usitatissimum) is a type of flowering plant. The fibres of flax are used to make linen. High-quality paper used in banknotes is also made from flax fibres. A Vegetable oil (linseed oil) can be made from the dried ripe flax seeds. Flax has been used for a long time in such tasks as making bows and candles.


flesh

title: Flesh

text: Flesh is the soft part of the body between the skin and the bones. It is sometimes compared to bones, in the saying flesh and bone. If it is to be eaten, it is normally called meat instead.


flood

title: Flood

text: A flood is an overflow of water. Floods are very hard to deal with.

isa: overflow


frontier

title: Frontier

text: A frontier is the unknown or sparcely settled region beyond the borders of an established civilization.

isa: unknown


funny

title: Humour

text: Humour or humor ( ) is the way that some experiences can make people laugh or feel happy. Most people are able to be amused (laugh or smile at something funny) and have a sense of humor. People can use puns with words that sound similar but have different meanings, or a word that has two meanings. Other examples of humor are satire, saying yes or no when it is not expected, and using different kinds of logic. People of different ages and cultures can find different things humorous. For example, adults may like satire, which children could find hard to understand. A comedian is someone who is paid to make people laugh. Humor is describing things in a funny way, having the ability to make the jokes.


game

title: Game

text: A game is something that people often do for fun. It is different from work. Many sports are games, and there are many professional sports. In those cases, people can make money, because it is a type of entertainment. There are different kinds of games using many kinds of equipment. For example, in video games, people often use controllers or their keyboard to control what happens on a screen, such as television, mobile screens and computer ones too. In card games, players use playing cards. There are also games that use your body, such as the Kinect. Most games need equipment, but not always. Children's street games often need no equipment. In board games, players may move pieces on a flat surface called a board. The object of the game varies. In race-type games like ludo, the object is to reach the end first. In go, the object is to surround more space. In soccer, also known as football, it is to score more goals. Some games have complicated rules, some have simple rules.


goose

title: Goose

text: Goose (plural geese, family Anatidae) are birds. There are three species groups of geese: the genus Anser, the genus Branta, and the genus Chen. This family also includes the swans, which are mostly larger than geese, and the ducks, which are smaller and have short necks. Geese are famously gregarious: they like to stick together. They can be moved in large herds because of this feature of their behaviour. Both as chicks and as adults, geese show collective animal behaviour. Geese migrate in groups in the spring and fall, flying together in a V-shape. A male goose is called a "gander" and a baby goose is called a "gosling". A group of geese is called a "gaggle".

isa: bird


gossamer

title: Gossamer

text: Gossamer is an animated character in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons. He is a large, hairy, orange monster. His body is perched on two giant tennis shoes, and his heart-shaped face is composed of only two oval eyes and a wide mouth, with two hulking arms ending in dirty, clawed fingers. The monster's main trait is his uncombed, orange hair. He was originally voiced by Mel Blanc and has been voiced by Frank Welker, Maurice LaMarche, Joe Alaskey, Jim Cummings, Kwesi Boakye, Eric Bauza and currently Fred Tatasciore.

isa: character


hamstring

title: Hamstring

text: A hamstring ( ) is the three muscles in the back of the thigh. They are between the hip and the knee. The three hamstring muscles are the semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris.

isa: muscle


harmony

title: Harmony

text: Harmony means playing several notes together to make “chords”. The word comes from the Greek harmonia meaning "to join things up" . A tune by itself can sound nice, but it can be “harmonized” by adding an accompaniment of chords. Studying how to do this is called harmonization. Music students learn which chords sound nice after one another. These are called “chord progressions”. Many music theorists have written books about harmony. Music which is made of a tune with harmony underneath is called “homophonic”. In a way it is the opposite of polyphonic which means that each part (each voice) is a tune in itself. However, even polyphony needs to make pleasant harmony. Harmony as we know it in European music had become fully developed by the Baroque period (17th century). One can play a chord with three notes using the 1st, 3rd and 5th notes of the scale of whatever key the music is in. This gives a chord which sounds like the “home chord”. This means that at least three notes are needed for harmony. In most homophonic music there are four: for example a choir will normally divide into soprano, alto, tenor and bass, or a string quartet will divide into violin 1, violin 2, viola and cello. Harmony which uses just the notes of the key (e.g. just using white notes for C major) is called “tonal harmony”. Harmony which adds lots of extra sharps and flats is called “chromatic harmony”. If music is not in any key at all, like in some music by Arnold Schoenberg, it is “atonal”. Harmony can be atonal.


homeless

title: Homelessness

text: Homelessness means not having a place to stay. The word "homelessness" includes people who sleep on the street; people staying at warming centers or homeless shelters; and people living in places not meant for humans to live in (like abandoned buildings, vehicles, and parking garages). Homelessness occurs for many reasons. The risk is especially high when people are unable to buy or maintain housing they can afford. Homeless people live in many parts of the world, including San Francisco in California, Dublin in Ireland and Tallinn in Estonia. International human rights law includes the right to housing.


impersonation

title: Impersonator

text: An impersonator is someone who imitates or copies the behavior or actions of another. There are many reasons for someone to be an impersonator, some common ones being as follows: * Legally: An entertainer impersonates a celebrity, generally for entertainment, and makes fun of their recent scandals or known behavior patterns. Entertainers who impersonate multiple celebrities as part of their act, can be sorted out to impressionists and celebrity impersonators. * Illegally: As part of a criminal act such as identity theft. This is usually where the criminal is trying to assume the identity of another, in order to commit fraud, such as accessing confidential information, or to gain property not belonging to them. Also known as social engineering and impostors. * Political decoy, used as a form of protection for political and military figures. This involves an impersonator who is employed (or forced) to perform during public appearances, to mislead observers. This is also legal. * Causing people to fight, or dislike each other for social, business or political gain.


joke

title: Joke

text: A joke is something said, written or done to make people laugh. There are many kinds of jokes; they can be questions with surprising answers or stories with unexpected endings. The humour of a joke comes from the surprise. Jokes can be about anything. Jokes can be found anywhere: on the Internet, in books or heard from friends. Some jokes are about groups of people and can hurt people's feelings, for example if they are racist, homophobic or sexist. Some very offensive jokes can sometimes be seen as hate speech, and can get you into prison. This is because hate speech is known as a felony in the US. Jokes are used in comedy, plays and movies. Jokes could take the form of sarcasm or even try to poke fun at something to get a point across. People sometimes get hurt by jokes at them. If a joke is used to show a problem in someone's thought, it is normally called satire. There are also practical jokes. (not impractical jokers.) An example of a regular joke is: Why did the chicken cross the road? To go to KFC.


legume

title: Legume

text: A legume is a type of dry fruit. It is usually produced by plants in the family Fabaceae. Legumes can be a variety of fruits: peas and beans are types of legumes.

isa: fruit


lighting

title: Lighting

text: Lighting or illumination is the use of light to achieve a certain effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings. Lighting is a major factor in photography, movie making and television studios.

isa: light


mallet

title: Mallet

text: A mallet is a tool for woodworking. Usually, it is used together with a chisel and for transferring force, much like hitting a nail with a hammer. Some tools used to play musical instruments, like drum sticks are also called mallets.

isa: tool


marquee

title: Marquee

text: A marquee is a large tent used for hosting events. They are often used for big parties like weddings, for festivals, or for shows. A marquee is a temporary building. It can be put up for a few days or weeks and then taken down.

isa: tent


oblate

title: Oblate spheroid

text: An oblate spheroid is a sphere-like shape that gives the appearance of being flattened, to some degree, on the top and bottom of the object so that the circumference around the poles is less than the circumference around the equator. The Earth is an oblate spheroid, as are at least a few other planets. An oblate spheroid is a type of ellipsoid. Oblate spheroids have rotational symmetry around an axis from pole to pole. An example of an oblate spheroid is an M&M. Many planets, including the Earth and Saturn, are oblate spheroids. The difference between a sphere and the Earth's shape is small, only a difference of about 0.33%.


observation

title: Observation

text: Observation is a process of using the senses to learn about the world. It can be taken in multiple perspectives, such as analyzing, viewing, either actively or passively. In science, it refers to perceiving events into a context, qualitatively or quantitatively. Often, scholars appreciate the sciences through this view. Particularly, this is typically form a source, normally primary. Thanks to advances in the field, many scientists and psychologists are able to better understand phenomena. Sometimes, however, this may lead to issues like misreporting information.

isa: process


pajama

title: Pajamas

text: Pyjamas (pajamas in the United Kingdom) are loose clothes that people wear while they are sleeping. Pyjamas usually include trousers and a shirt. Pyjamas are often made of cotton. They are usually worn without underwear. The word comes from , Pajāmā; . Pajamas are often worn without underwear.


past

title: Past

text: The past is something that has already happened. If something has not happened yet, it is called the future. Professors and researchers that study the events of the past, and try to explain why these events happened are called history professors or historians. Many books, movies, and television shows tell made-up stories about the past. These are called historical fiction. Some books, movies, and television shows from a style called science fiction or fantasy tell made-up stories about being able to travel through time back to the past.


puffball

title: Puffball

text: A puffball is the common name for several groups of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. Puffballs include the genera of Calvatia, Calbovista and Lycoperdon. All false puffballs are inedible, as they are tough and bitter to taste. The genus Scleroderma, which has a young purple gleba, should be avoided.


puzzle

title: Puzzle

text: A puzzle is a problem to make the user think. They are often used for entertainment and can help with logic and problem-solving skills. The user may need to recognize patterns, for example, in colors, shapes, numbers, physics, or symbols, to solve it. Puzzles, such as wordsearches, crosswords and Sudoku grids are printed in newspapers and magazines, but puzzles can be with objects or even on computers..


radish

title: Radish

text: A radish is an edible root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family. People eat radishes all over the world. It was first grown in Europe in pre-Roman Empire|Roman times. Radishes are usually eaten as a crunchy salad vegetable. There are many varieties of radishes. Some radishes are different in size, flavor, color and the length of time they take to grow. It has a somewhat hot taste, rather peppery. This keeps some herbivores away, or limits the amount they eat. It acts as a defence against herbivory.

isa: vegetable


ribbon

title: Ribbon

text: A ribbon is a thin, flexible band, usually cloth but also plastic or sometimes metal. Ribbons are mostly used for tying or decorating things. Ribbons can be used to tie a person's hair, decorate clothing or uniforms, or to tie up packages. A typewriter uses a cloth or plastic ribbon to hold the ink.


salt

title: Salt

text: In chemistry, a salt is any neutral chemical compound made of cations (positive ions) attached to anions (negative ions). The most common example of a salt is sodium chloride, with the chemical formula - this is the table salt that people use in food. Classically, salts are the result of a reaction between an acid and a base. Sodium chloride, for example, is the product when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide: : Mixtures of salts in water are called electrolytes. Electricity is able to pass through electrolytes, as well as molten salts. Salts can melt ice, because salts lower the temperature needed for liquid to freeze. Because of that, streets are sometimes treated with salt in winter, if the temperature is only a little below freezing. A salt can also be explained as an ionic compound which dissociates, forming a positive ion other than hydrogen ion, and a negative ion other than hydroxide ion.


sandwich

title: Sandwich

text: A sandwich is a food prepared by placing different kinds of foods between two pieces of bread. The pieces of bread in a sandwich are referred to as slices or sheets of bread. Between the slices of bread, people often add in vegetables, meat, or cheese. The sandwich is thought to have been made first for the Earl of Sandwich, hence the name. Many people enjoy the sandwich as it is easy and quick to make in a hurry. Also, the sandwich can be easily eaten with one hand without utensils which allows consumers to have a hand free to do other things. Some people prefer to eat a sandwich with both hands. In many countries, children eat sandwiches for lunch at school. The sandwiches are put in a lunchbox and often wrapped in cling film to keep them fresh.


searcher

title: The Searchers

text: The Searchers is a 1956 epic western movie set in Texas in the 1860s. it is directed by John Ford and starring John Wayne, about a man looking for his niece who was taken by Native Americans. It is also one of the movies that influenced Star Wars.


servant

title: Domestic worker

text: A domestic worker or domestic servant is a person who works within the scope of a residence. A domestic worker is a paid employee. They are free to leave their employment if they wish. Many domestic workers are required by their employer to wear a uniform when in their employer's home. In the Victorian era, Britain had many domestic workers. The butler was the most important one. At meal times he would be like a head waiter. Other male domestic workers were often called "valets". A valet (sometimes said with a silent "t") usually looked after his master’s clothes and comforts, and possibly looked after money matters as well. Female domestic worker were usually maids who cleaned, cooks who prepared the meals, and nannies who looked after the children. Gardeners did the gardening. In the early 18th century, even some musicians were servants and had to wear livery (uniform). In 1717, when composer Johann Sebastian Bach said he wanted to leave his job, the duke he worked for put him in prison. In the 19th century, there were many domestic workers in Europe and the United States, as well as in other countries. In the early 20th century, new laws were made in Britain to protect domestic workers, and give them more rights. Today in many parts of the world domestic workers from poorer countries are often employed by people in the richer countries. To ensure the right of decent work for all kind of domestic workers including migrant workers, International Labour Organization has made Convention No. 189 on domestic workers.

isa: person


shin

title: The Shins

text: The Shins are an American indie rock band. The band members are singer, songwriter, and guitarist James Russell Mercer, bassist Ron Lewis, bassist/guitarist Dave Hernandez, drummer Joe Plummer, and Eric Johnson. They are influenced by many genres, including pop, alternative rock, alternative country, and folk. The Shins formed in Albuquerque, New Mexico, but are now based in Portland, Oregon.


simulation

title: Simulation

text: A simulation is a way of seeing a thing happen without it actually taking place in the same way. A simulation can be used to predict what might happen without doing it, in case it is dangerous or too expensive or difficult. It can also be used to show people what will happen next, or what happened in the past. It can also show what people believe is happening in a place or time where it is impossible to know what really happens. There are research institutions just devoted to simulations, like, e.g., The George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation or NEES. Simulations are used for many purposes, because in a simulation things can be controlled that might not be easy to control in real life. They can use smaller versions of an object or system for testing or practice. Smaller versions of things, like space ships or rooms, can simulate the real thing. They can also be safer, in place of a thing that is dangerous, like when astronauts practice in a swimming pool rather than in outer space. Astronauts practiced in simulations of the moon before they went and landed there. They use simulations of spaceships that move the way real spaceships do. Simulations often use computers. Computers are used to make simulations of what a spaceship's route might be on the way to the moon, to help plan the mission.


smegma

title: Smegma

text: Smegma is a substance that forms in the sex organs of mammals. It is made of epithelial cells, skin cells, and moisture. It is found around the foreskin of the penis in males, or in the folds of skin around the vulva in females. In males, the smegma acts like a lubricant which makes sexual intercourse easier. It can be white through to yellow in colour. Smegma does not cause any harm, and normal washing will keep it under control; in fact too much washing may cause other problems.

isa: substance


so

title: SOS

text: SOS (· · · — — — · · ·) is a Morse code. It is used as distress code, to signal danger. It was introduced by the German government in radio regulations on April 1, 1905. It became the worldwide standard when it was included in the second International Radiotelegraphic Convention, which was signed on November 3, 1906. The convention became effective on July 1, 1908. From the beginning, the SOS distress signal has actually been a continuous sequence of three-dits/three-dahs/three-dits, all run together without letter spacing. In International Morse Code, three dits form the letter S, and three dahs make the letter O, so "SOS" became an easy way to remember the correct order of the dits and dahs. In modern terminology, SOS is a "procedural signal" or "prosign", and the formal way to write it is with a bar above the letters. It should be written SOS . In popular usage, SOS became associated with phrases such as "Save Our Souls", "Save our Ship", and others. It is mostly known by "Save Our Ship". However, these phrases were a later development, most likely as a Mnemonic to help remember the correct letters—something known as a backronym. In reality the signal SOS is not an acronym and doesn't stand for anything. Many songs have been made of the distress signal SOS, such as "Message in a Bottle" by The Police, "SOS" by ABBA, "SOS" by Rihanna, "S.O.S." by the Jonas Brothers, "Stranger" by Gamma, "S.O.S" by The Suicide Machines, "S.O.S" by Ola Svensson and "SOS" by Avicii.


solace

title: Solace

text: Solace is the second studio album by Ion Dissonance. The album was released on September 6, 2005.

isa: album


stock

title: Stock

text: In financial markets, stock is the partial ownership of a company. Shareholders bear the financial (but not legal) risk of the corporation, and receive dividends, which are a piece of the net income. A person or organization which holds shares of stocks is called a shareholder. The value of the stock multiplied by the number of shares owned by all shareholders is the market capitalization. This is the most common metric for valuing a publicly traded company. Stocks can be bought and sold privately or on stock exchanges. Someone who buys and sells stock on the behalf of another individual is called a stockbroker. In the United Kingdom and Australia, the term share is used the same way as stock is described in the United States.

isa: ownership


stoic

title: Stoicism

text: Stoicism was a school of Hellenistic philosophy. It was founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early third century BC. It concerns the active relationship between cosmic determinism and human freedom. This philosophy claims that it is virtuous to maintain a will (a determination, prohairesis) which is according to the participants "in accord with nature". The Stoics believed that the universe was ruled by reason, which they thought of as God being present in nature itself. Stoic doctrine was popular in Greece and the Roman Empire from its founding until all the schools of philosophy were ordered closed in 529 AD by the Emperor Justinian I, who thought their pagan character was at odds with his Christian faith.


tailor

title: Tailor

text: A tailor is a person whose job is to make clothes to fit people. A tailor might make a new piece of clothing, or change an item so that it fits better. They also mend (fix) clothes. A tailor is also called a seamster, or a seamstress for a woman.


thymus

title: Thymus

text: The thymus is a specialized lymphoid organ of the immune system. The thymus is in front of the heart and behind the breastbone. In the thymus, T cells or T lymphocytes mature. T cells are critical to the adaptive immune system, where the body adapts specifically to foreign invaders. The thymus is where T cells develop from hematopoietic (blood-forming) cells. In addition, this is where the T cells get tolerant to cells of the body. The thymus is largest and most active during the newborn and pre-adolescent periods. By the early teens, the thymus begins to slow down. However, it continues to make lymphocytes throughout adult life.

isa: organ


trick

title: Trickery

text: Trickery is the act of misdirection (leading into the wrong way of thinking) or an illusion (seeing things that are not true). For example, magic tricks are when someone makes the person seeing it think that the magic they are doing is true, but it actually is not. But magic tricks can also be pleasant entertainment when the audience know it's all tricks. A trick can also mean to lie or misdirect (lead to wrong way of thinking) a person so that someone who is tricking the person can enjoy winning the game they are playing for example gambling. Trick is also slang for a prostitute's client.

isa: act


value

title: Value

text: Value is how much something is worth. Often the best way to find the value of something is to use the price that it can be sold for. However Oscar Wilde wrote that 'people know the price of everything but the value of nothing'- in other words true value does not depend on money alone. In math, a value is a number which is concrete, something everyone can agree upon. However people may disagree on the value of water, depending if you live in a desert or next to a river. Disagreements on the value of things can create fights between nations, political parties, religions, etc.


veal

title: Veal

text: Veal is the meat of young cattle (calves), as opposed to beef from older cattle. Though veal can be made from a calf of either sex and any breed, most veal comes from male calves of dairy cattle breeds. Veal has a tender texture.

isa: meat


veil

title: Veil

text: A veil is a soft covering of all or part of the face. It has often been used by women in many cultures. It is often used by brides on their wedding day. It may have religious meaning, or it may be used for pleasure or dance. It is different from a mask because a mask is close-fitting, and often firm or hard, while a veil is soft and may fit loosely.


ventilation

title: Ventilation

text: Ventilation is the introduction of fresh air, usually from the outside, into a space, while sending stale air back out. Fans and pumps, vent grates and air flow tunnels are common in these structures. The simplest systems are called “natural ventilation,” which usually means that they get their air circulation through vents opening to the outside. Mechanical systems are more popular for industry (like in factories). Mechanical systems are able to regulate other things, including temperature, relative humidity, and oxygen levels.

isa: air


wealth

title: Wealth

text: Wealth often means that much money is available. But there are several other aspects that can be more important. If one thinks of single persons one will look at their personal property or assets like land and livestock. Looking at countries one thinks of GDP per capita and of natural capital. The original meaning of the old English word for "weal", where wealth comes from, was "well-being" or welfare. (It was an adjective.) Wealth, in the traditional sense, refers to the accumulation of valuable resources or assets. This includes tangible items such as real estate, valuable commodities, stocks, bonds, and savings. For individuals, wealth is often measured by the total value of their assets minus liabilities. For countries, wealth is assessed by factors like national resources, infrastructure, and the overall economic output. Wealth can also be influenced by factors such as access to capital, natural resources, and human labor, which contribute to a nation's ability to produce goods and services and sustain economic growth over time.