# Heads and faces Heads fail at sprite scale in three ways: features on the wrong lines (eyes too high, mouth glued to the chin), a flat front-on mask where a turned head was wanted, and features drawn before the shape that holds them. This file fixes the geometry — where each feature sits at 8, 12, 16, 24 and 32 px in front, 3/4 and side view. Eyes, brows and emotion: `rules://33-eyes-and-expressions`. Bust portraits from 48 px: `rules://38-portraits`. Head size against the body: `rules://30-proportions-by-size`. ## Rules 1. **Shape before features.** Block one filled egg or rounded square, then a centre axis and the eye line (guide layer, deleted last), then features, hair, shade, outline. Features placed first float. 2. **H = hair top to chin, outline included.** All landmarks are fractions of H from row 0. 3. **Eye line at 50–56% of H** for game heads (templates: 12 px 50%, 16 px 56%, 24/32 px 52–53%); 56–65% for cute heads — low eyes under a high forehead is the baby cue. Realistic 8-head faces sit at 50%. Sources counting from the hairline (Loomis quarters, st0ven) land 3–4% lower; we count from the hair top because that is what the grid shows. 4. **Front landmarks (derived by fitting the Loomis/Hampton/Slynyrd divisions to the grid):** hairline 25–33%, brow 38–42%, nose base halfway from brow to chin (63–74%), mouth 77–83% (about a third of the way from nose base to chin), chin 100%. Rows are in the table. 5. **Width.** Realistic W ≈ 0.7–0.75 H (Loomis' drawings; an estimate, not a printed figure); 3–4-head game figures 0.85–0.9 H (the templates are 0.86–0.88); chibi 1.0. Side depth ≈ H plus the nose. 6. **Odd or even width, decided first.** Odd (11, 21, 27) has a centre column: 1-px nose, 1- or 3-px mouth. Even (8, 14) has none: 2-px mouth, no nose. Never a 1-px feature on an even head or a 2-px feature on an odd one. 7. **Features never touch.** ≥1 px skin between mouth and nose/chin, brow and eye, eye and contour; ≥2 px between the eyes (1 px fuses them into a brow). Spacing is letter-spacing. 8. **Eye gap 1–2 eye widths** for adults, ≤1 eye width for cute faces *with enlarged eyes*. Blair and Saint11 both want wide-set cute eyes but Saint11's ratios shrink the gap; both hold when the eye grows and the absolute gap stays ≥2 px. 9. **Nose.** None at ≤16 px (blush instead). 24 px: 1 px one skin step darker. ≥32 px: bridge shade on the shadow side plus 2–3 px at the base. Never outline-dark (reads as a smudge). In profile it is the silhouette bump: +1 px at 12–16, +2 at 24, +3 at 32. 10. **Mouth.** Width ≈ distance between pupils, two thirds of that if cute: 2 px at 16, 3–4 at 24, 5–9 at 32. Seam darkest, lower lip lighter, no separate upper lip below 24 px. 11. **Ears.** Front: top at the brow line, bottom at the nose base, height ≈ nose length. ≤16 px hide under hair; 24 px a 1-px bump; 32 px 2 wide × 4–5 tall. Side: just behind the vertical midline, lower-back quarter of the side plane. 12. **3/4 view.** Axis moves 1–2 px toward the turn at 16 px, 2–3 at 32. Far eye one notch narrower (16 px 2→1, 24 px 3→2, 32 px 5→3), ≥1 px off the far contour. Far cheek in 1–2 px; the nose breaks the far contour; near ear shows, far ear hides; chin shifts toward the turn. Equal eyes in a turned head is the tell. At ≤12 px a 1-px eye cannot narrow: shift nose and mouth, break the contour, show the near ear. 13. **Tilt.** Head up bows the eye line up in the middle; down bows it down. Move the whole eye+nose+mouth block 1 row (2 at 32) and bend the mouth 1 px. Never nudge single features. 14. **A profile needs a profile:** forehead out, eye in, nose out, lips, chin — ≥3 bumps on the front contour. The eye is a wedge 1–3 px behind the contour. A straight front edge is the weakest silhouette (Bancroft). 15. **Hair is the face at ≤16 px.** ≥2 px of hair at the sides, hairline 1–2 px above the eyes, hair split from skin by colour, never one black line across the forehead (`rules://35-hair-and-clothing`). 16. **Skin: three tones** — base, light (forehead, cheek apple), shadow turned 10–22° toward red and cooler, 15–25% darker; shadow away from the light, under the hair edge and chin (`rules://20-color-for-pixel-art`). Face contrast below the rest of the sprite so it stays one unit; eyes the highest contrast on the head. A mirrored head flips its light: re-shade. 17. **When pixels run out cut:** ears → nose → brow → mouth → jaw shape → hair silhouette. Eyes and hair are never cut. 18. **Shape is character.** Square jaw = jaw width held near skull width to the chin; pointed = taper from mid-height; round = the templates. Younger = lower eyes, bigger cranium, smaller nose; older = eyes a notch higher, bigger nose and ears (`rules://36-character-design`). ## By size Rows count from 0 at the top (outline row); x from 0 at the template's left edge. Front: | | 8 px | 12 px | 16 px | 24 px | 32 px | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | Head W×H | 8×8 | 11×12 | 14×16 | 21×24 (+ears: 23) | 27×32 (+ears: 31) | | Hair rows | 1–2 | 1–4 | 1–5 | 1–7 | 1–10 | | Brow | — | — | row 6 | row 9, 3 px | row 13, 5 px | | Eyes | 1×1, row 4, x 2, 5 | 1×2, rows 5–6, x 3, 7 | 2×2, rows 8–9, x 3–4, 9–10 | 3×3, rows 11–13, x 6–8, 14–16 | 5×4, rows 15–18, x 7–11, 19–23 | | Nose | — | 1 px, row 8 | — | 1 px, row 15 | bridge + 3 px, rows 19–21 | | Mouth | 2 px, row 6 | 3 px, row 9 | 2 px, row 12 | 3 px, row 18 | 7 px, row 25, lip row 26 | | Chin row | 7 | 11 | 15 | 23 | 31 | 3/4 and side, both facing right: | | 12 px | 16 px | 24 px | 32 px | |---|---|---|---|---| | 3/4 eyes near / far | 1×2 / 1×2, front x | 2×2 x 4–5 / 1×2 x 10 | 3×3 x 7–9 / 2×3 x 15–16 | 5×4 x 9–13 / 3×4 x 21–23 | | 3/4 nose bump, mouth | +1 row 7; x 6–7 row 8 | +1 row 10; x 8–9 row 12 | +2 row 15; x 11–14 row 18 | +2–3 rows 19–22; x 14–21 row 25 | | 3/4 near ear | 1 px x 1 | 2×2 x 1–2 | 2×2 x 0–1 | 3×4 x 0–2 | | Side eye | 1×2 x 7 | wedge x 10–11 | 3×4 x 16–18 | 4×3 x 24–27, rows 15–17 | | Side nose tip, mouth | +1 row 7; x 7–8 row 8 | +1 row 10; x 11–12 row 12 | +2 rows 14–16; x 17–20 row 18 | nose +3 rows 19–22; mouth x 27–30 rows 24–25 | | Side ear | 2×2 x 4–5 | 2×3 x 5–6 | 4×5 x 8–11 | 5×6 x 13–17, rows 14–19 | At 48–64 px use the 32 px recipe with eyes ≥7 px wide and planes in the cheeks. Below 8 px there is no face: two dark pixels or one shadow row. ## Templates Lit from the upper left; hair is a short cap so hairline and brow rows stay visible — swap the hair, keep the rows. Each strip holds self-contained heads side by side. Front 8 / 12 / 16 px (left edges x = 0, 9, 21). 8 px: dots only; 12 px: odd width, centre nose; 16 px: catch-lit 2×2 eyes, blush. ```grid heads-front-small O = outline #2b1d2e S = skin #e8a77c L = skin-light #f7d2ac D = skin-shadow #b9695a h = hair-light #9a6238 H = hair-mid #6b3f2a E = eye-dark #2b1d2e W = eye-white #dfe2ea M = lip #a14a52 N = nose-shade #c47a5a R = blush #d9826f --- ..OOOO......OOOOO........OOOOOO.... .OHHHHO...OOHHHHHOO....OOHHHHHHOO.. OHhHHHHO.OHHhhHHHHHO..OHHhhHHHHHHO. OLLSSSDO.OHHHHHHHHHO.OHHhhHHHHHHHHO OSESSEDO.OHHHDDDHHHO.OHHHHHHHHHHHHO OSSSSSDO.OSSESSSESSO.OHHDDDDDDDDHHO .OSMMDO..OSSESSSESDO.OHSLLLSSSSSDHO ..OOOO...OSLSSSSSSDO.OSSLSSSSSSSDDO ..........OSSSNSSSO..OSSWESSSSWEDDO ..........OSSMMMSSO..OSSEESSSSEEDDO ...........OSDDDDO....OSSSSSSSSSDO. ............OOOOO.....OSRSSSSSSRDO. .......................OSSSMMSSSO.. .......................OSSSSSSSSO.. ........................OSDDDDSO... .........................OOOOOO.... ``` Front 24 / 32 px (x = 0, 24). 24 px: brows, 3×3 eyes, 1-px nose; 32 px: full features, ears, bridge shade. ```grid heads-front-large O = outline #2b1d2e S = skin #e8a77c L = skin-light #f7d2ac D = skin-shadow #b9695a k = hair-dark #3d2318 h = hair-light #9a6238 H = hair-mid #6b3f2a E = eye-dark #2b1d2e W = eye-white #dfe2ea I = iris #4f86b8 M = lip #a14a52 N = nose-shade #c47a5a w = highlight #ffffff e = ear-shade #c47a5a R = blush #d9826f --- .......OOOOOOOOO..................OOOOOOOOOOO.......... .....OOHHHHHHHHHOO..............OOHHHHHHHHHHHOO........ ...OOHHHhhhhHHHHHHOO..........OOHHHhhhhhhhHHHHHOO...... ..OHHHhhhHHHHHHHHHHHO........OHHhhhHhhhHHHHHHHHHHO..... .OHHHhhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO......OHHhhhhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO.... .OHHhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO.....OHHhhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO... .OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO.....OHhhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO... .OHHHHHHHDDDDDDDDHHHHO....OHHhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO.. .OHSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSHO....OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO.. .OHSSSkkkSSSSSkkkSSSHO....OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO.. .OHSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSHO....OHHHHHHHDDDDDDDDDDDHHHHHHHO.. .OSSSSOOOSSSSSOOOSSSDO....OHHHHSSSLLSSSSSSSSSSSSHHHHO.. OeSSSSwEESSSSSwEESSDDeO...OHSSSSSSLLLSSSSSSSSSSSSSSHO.. OeSSLLWEESSSSSWEESSDDeO...OHSSSkkkkkSSSSSSSkkkkkSSSHO.. .OOSLLSSSSSSSSSSSSSDOO....OHSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSHO.. ..OSSSSSSSSNSSSSSSSDO....OOHSSSOOOOOSSSSSSSOOOOOSSSHOO. ...OSRRSSSSSSSSSRRSO....OeSSSSSWwEIWSSSSSSSWwEIWSSDDSeO ...OSSSSSDSSSDSSSSSO....OeSSSSSWIEIWSSSSSSSWIEIWSSDDSeO ....OSSSSSMMMSSSSSO.....OeSSSSSSWWWSSSSSSSSSWWWSSSDDSeO ....OSSSSSSSSSSSSSO.....OeSSSSSSSSSSSSSSNSSSSSSSSSDDSeO .....OSSSSSSSSSSSO.......O.OSSSSLLSSSSSSNSSSSSSSSSDO.O. ......OSSDDDDDSSO..........OSSSLLSSSSSNNNSSSSSSSSDDO... .......OSSSSSSSO............OSSSRRRSSSSSSSSSRRRSSDO.... ........OOOOOOO.............OSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSDO.... .............................OSSSSSDSSSSSSSDSSSSSO..... .............................OSSSSSSMMMMMMMSSSSSSO..... ..............................OSSSSSSRRRRRSSSSSSO...... ...............................OSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSO....... ................................OSSSSSSSSSSSSSO........ .................................OSSDDDDDDDSSO......... ..................................OSSSSSSSSSO.......... ...................................OOOOOOOOO........... ``` 3/4 right 12 / 16 px (x = 0, 12). 12 px: only nose, mouth and ear move; 16 px: near eye 2 px, far eye 1 px. ```grid heads-tq-small O = outline #2b1d2e S = skin #e8a77c L = skin-light #f7d2ac D = skin-shadow #b9695a h = hair-light #9a6238 H = hair-mid #6b3f2a E = eye-dark #2b1d2e W = eye-white #dfe2ea M = lip #a14a52 N = nose-shade #c47a5a e = ear-shade #c47a5a R = blush #d9826f --- ...OOOOOO.......OOOOOO.... .OOHHHHHHO....OOHHHHHHOO.. OHHhhHHHHHO..OHHhhHHHHHHO. OHHHHHHHHHO.OHHhhhHHHHHHHO OHHHDDDHHHO.OHHHHHHHHHHHHO OHSESSSESO..OHHHHHDDDDDHHO OHSESSSESO..OHHSSSSSSSSHSO OeLSSSSSNDO.OHSSSSSSSSSDO. .OSSSSMMSO..OeeSWESSSSEDO. .OSSDDDSSO..OeeSEESSSSEDO. ..OOSSSOO....OSSSSSSSSSDNO ....OOO......OSRSSSSSSSDO. ..............OSSSSSMMSO.. ...............OSSSSSSSO.. ................OSDDDDO... .................OOOOO.... ``` 3/4 right 24 / 32 px (x = 0, 25). Far eye narrower, nose breaks the far contour, chin shifted toward the turn. ```grid heads-tq-large O = outline #2b1d2e S = skin #e8a77c L = skin-light #f7d2ac D = skin-shadow #b9695a k = hair-dark #3d2318 h = hair-light #9a6238 H = hair-mid #6b3f2a E = eye-dark #2b1d2e W = eye-white #dfe2ea I = iris #4f86b8 M = lip #a14a52 N = nose-shade #c47a5a w = highlight #ffffff e = ear-shade #c47a5a R = blush #d9826f --- .......OOOOOOOOO...................OOOOOOOOOOO........... .....OOHHHHHHHHHOO...............OOHHHHHHHHHHHOO......... ...OOHHHhhhhHHHHHHOO...........OOHHHhhhhhHHHHHHHOO....... ..OHHHhhhHHHHHHHHHHHO.........OHHhhhhHHHHHHHHHHHHHO...... .OHHHhhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO.......OHHhhhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO..... .OHHhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO......OHHhhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO.... .OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO......OHhhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO.... .OHHHHHHHDDDDDDDDDHHO......OHHhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO... .OHSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSHO......OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHOO... .OHSSSSkkkSSSSSkkkSHO......OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO..... .OHSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSDO......OHHHHHHHHHDDDDDDDDDDDDHHO..... .OSSSSSOOOSSSSSOOSSDO......OHHHHHSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSO..... OeSSSSSwEESSSSSEESSDO......OHSSSSSSSLLLSSSSSSSSSSSSO..... OeSSLLSWEESSSSSEESDDO......OHSSSSSkkkkkSSSSSSSkkkkSO..... .OOSLSSSSSSSSSSSSSDDO......OHSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSDO..... ..OSSSSSSSSSSNSSSSDOOO....OOSSSSSSOOOOOSSSSSSSOOOSDO..... ...OSRRSSSSSSSSRRSO......OeSSSSSSSWwEIWSSSSSSSWIESDO..... ....OSSSSSDSSSSDSSDO.....OeSSSSSSSWIEIWSSSSSSSWIESDO..... .....OSSSSSMMMMSSSO......OeSSSSSSSSWWWSSSSSSSSSWSDDO..... .....OSSSSSSSSSSSSO......OeSSSSSSLLSSSSSSSSNSSSSSDDO..... ......OSSSSSSSSSSO........O.OSSSLLSSSSSSSSSNSSSSSDDO..... .......OSSDDDDDSO...........OSSSSSSSSSSSSSNNSSSSSDDSO.... ........OSSSSSSO.............OSSSSRRRSSSSSSSSSSRRRDO..... .........OOOOOO..............OSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSOO...... ..............................OSSSSSSSDSSSSSSSSDO........ ..............................OOOSSSSSSMMMMMMMMSO........ .................................OSSSSSSRRRRRRSSSO....... ..................................OSSSSSSSSSSSSSO........ ...................................OSSSSSSSSSSSO......... ....................................OSSDDDDDDDO.......... .....................................OSSSSSSSO........... ......................................OOOOOOO............ ``` Profile right 12 / 16 px (x = 0, 12). One wedge eye, 1-px nose bump, ear behind the midline. ```grid heads-side-small O = outline #2b1d2e S = skin #e8a77c D = skin-shadow #b9695a h = hair-light #9a6238 H = hair-mid #6b3f2a E = eye-dark #2b1d2e W = eye-white #dfe2ea M = lip #a14a52 N = nose-shade #c47a5a e = ear-shade #c47a5a R = blush #d9826f --- ...OOOOO........OOOOOO..... .OOHHHHHOO....OOHHHHHHOO... OHHhhHHHHO...OHHhhhHHHHHO.. OHhHHHHHHO..OHHhhHHHHHHHHO. OHHHHHHHHO..OHhHHHHHHHHHHO. OHHHDDDESO..OHHHHHHHHHHHHO. OHHHeeSESO..OHHHHDDDDDHHHO. OSSSeSSSNSO.OHHHHSSSSSSSSO. .OSSSSSMMO..OHHHHeeSSSWESO. ..OSSSSSO...OSSSSeOSSSEESO. ...OSSSOO....OSSSeeSSRSSNSO ....OOO......OSSSSSSSSSSSO. ..............OSSSSSSSSMMO. ...............OSSSDDDSSO.. ................OOSSSSSOO.. ..................OOOOO.... ``` Profile right 24 / 32 px (x = 0, 25). Hair swept back off the forehead, 2–3 px nose, lips and chin on the contour. ```grid heads-side-large O = outline #2b1d2e S = skin #e8a77c L = skin-light #f7d2ac D = skin-shadow #b9695a k = hair-dark #3d2318 h = hair-light #9a6238 H = hair-mid #6b3f2a E = eye-dark #2b1d2e W = eye-white #dfe2ea I = iris #4f86b8 M = lip #a14a52 N = nose-shade #c47a5a w = highlight #ffffff e = ear-shade #c47a5a R = blush #d9826f --- .......OOOOOOOO......................OOOOOOO................ ....OOOHHHHHHHHOOO...............OOOOHHHHHHHOOOO............ ...OHHhhhhHHHHHHHHOO...........OOHHHHhhhhhhHHHHHOOO......... ..OHhhhHHHHHHHHHHHHHO........OOHHhhhhhhhhhhHHHHHHHHOO....... .OHhhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO......OHHHhhhhhhhhHHHHHHHHHHHHHO...... OHhhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO......OHHhhhhhhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO...... OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO.....OHhhhhhhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO..... OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO.....OHHhhhhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO.... OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO.....OHHHhhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO.... OHHHHHHDDDDDDDDDDDHHHO....OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO.... OHHHHHHSSSSSHSSSSSSSSO....OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHSSSSSSSSSSO... OHHHHHHSSeeSHSSSkkkkSO....OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHSSSSSSSSSSSSSO... OHHHHHHSeeeeSSSSOOOSSO....OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSO... OHHHHHHSeOOeSSSSWwESSO.....OHHHHHHHHHHHHSSSSSSSkkkkkkkSSO... .OSSSSSSeeOeSSSSWIESSSO....OkHHHHHHHHHHSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSO... .OSSSSSSSeeSSSSSSWRRSSSO...OkkHHHHHHHHSSSSSSSSSSSwWEESSO.... .OSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSNO.....OkkHHHHHSSSeeSSSSSSSSWIEESSOO... ..OSSSSSSSSSDDSSSSSSSN......OSkkHHHHSSSeeSSSSSSSSSWWSSSSSO.. ..OSSSSSSSSSSSSSSMMMMO.......OSkkHHSSSSeeSSSSSSSLLLSSSSSSO.. ...OSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSO........OSSkSSSSSSSSSSSSSSLLLLLSSNSSO. ....OSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSO..........OSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSRRRLLSSSSSLSO .....OOSSSSSSDDDDDOO............OSSSSSSSSSDDSSSSSSSSSSSSNSO. .......OOSSSSSSOOO...............OSSSSSSSSDDSSSSSSSSSSSNSO.. .........OOOOOO...................OSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSO.. ..................................OSSSDSSSSSSSSSSSSSMMMMO... ...................................OSDDDDSSSSSSSSSSSMMMSO... ....................................OSSDDDSSSSSSSSSSSSSSO... .....................................OOSDDDDDSSSSSSSSDDSO... .......................................OSSDDDDDDDDDDSSSSO... ........................................OOSSSSSDDDDDDSSSO... ..........................................OOOOSSSSSSSOOO.... ..............................................OOOOOOO....... ``` ## Procedure 1. `sprite_info`; fix H from the heads-tall plan and pick odd/even width (rule 6). 2. `layer` op `create` "guide"; `draw` op `line` the centre axis and one row per landmark from the table. At ≤12 px skip the guide and read rows off the table. 3. On a "head" layer block the silhouette in one flat skin colour (`draw` op `grid` from the nearest template, or `draw` op `ellipse` and trim). `look` op `preview` at 1×: it must read as a head already (`rules://03-silhouette-and-form`). 4. Eyes on the eye line, then mouth, brows, nose, ears (rule 17). `look` op `ascii` with a `region` to check rows, gaps, parity. 5. Hair on its own layer; hairline 1–2 px above the eyes. 6. Three skin tones: `palette` op `ramp` from the base; light top-left, shadow right, under hair and chin (`rules://02-shading-and-light`). Outline the silhouette only (`rules://04-outlines-and-edges`). 7. Turns: start from the matching 3/4 or side template; for the opposite facing `transform` op `flip` on a copied layer, then re-shade (`rules://37-views-and-directions`). 8. Delete the guide; `look` op `preview`, then `validate`. ## Mistakes | Symptom | Cause | Fix | |---|---|---| | Old, alien, "all forehead" | Eye line above 50% | Eyes to 52–56% | | Eyes read as one thick brow | 1 px between eyes, or brow touching | ≥2 px gap; 1 px under the brow | | Mouth glued to chin or nose | Mouth below 83%, no skin row | Mouth at 77–83%, skin both sides | | 3/4 head = front head plus a nose | Equal eyes, axis not moved | Narrow the far eye, shift the axis | | Profile is a blank egg | Straight front edge | Nose bump, brow step, lip and chin steps | | Black line across forehead | Outline between hair and skin | Split by colour | | Plastic skin | One saturated tone, luminance-only shadow | Shadow toward red/cool, 15–25% darker | | Wrong light after a flip | Mirrored copy kept its shading | Re-shade | | Face wobbles in animation | Features moved by sub-pixels | Move the whole head by whole pixels | ## Review - Eye line within 50–56% of head height (≤65% only on deliberately cute heads). - ≥2 px between eyes; ≥1 px eye–contour, brow–eye, mouth–nose, mouth–chin. - Parity respected; nose absent at ≤16 px and never outline-dark. - ≤16 px: ≥2 px of hair at the sides, hairline above eyes, no outline on it. - 3/4: unequal eyes, far cheek pulled in, nose breaks the contour, one ear. - Profile: ≥3 bumps on the front contour; nose bump matches the table. - Three skin tones, one light side; eyes the highest contrast on the head. - One deliberate asymmetry on an otherwise symmetric face. ## Sources - Loomis, *Figure Drawing for All It's Worth* — head construction and features sheet, pp. 171–177. - Hampton, *Figure Drawing: Design and Invention* — nine-step head, pp. 57–82. - Bancroft, *Creating Characters with Personality* — view line-up pp. 55–57, 3/4 p. 135. - Blair, *Advanced Animation* — Construction of the Head; the cute head, p. 15. - Solarski, *Drawing Basics and Video Game Art* — Massing the Head. - Dawe, *Make Your Own Pixel Art* pp. 118–123; Silber, *Pixel Art for Game Developers* pp. 31–34. - *Pixel Logic* — spacing p. 106, hair p. 108, faces pp. 168–169, no sub-pixel faces p. 205. - Saint11 "Portrait"/"Cuteness"; Slynyrd Pixelblog 17 and 29; st0ven fighter faces (2006); Tsu tutorials 7–9; art-pia small-canvas guide; Derek Yu's pixel art tutorial.