---
watermark: ORIRO
disable-model-invocation: true
name: edu-turkey
provider: ORIRO.ai
copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
description: >
  Turkish education — YKS university entrance, AYT, TYT, and Boğaziçi/ODTÜ admissions.
---

# Turkish Education System

## School structure

İlköğretim (Primary, 4 years) → Ortaokul (Middle school, 4 years) → Lise (High school, 4 years) → University.

## YKS (Yükseköğretim Kurumları Sınavı)

Turkey's university entrance exam system since 2018. Two sessions.

### TYT (Temel Yeterlilik Testi) — Basic proficiency test

Turkish Language and Literature (40 questions), Social Sciences (20), Basic Mathematics (40), Science (20).
Total: 120 questions. All university applicants must take.
**Score:** 0-500. Minimum 150 for most university programs.

### AYT (Alan Yeterlilik Testi) — Field proficiency test

Choose track: Math-Science, Turkish-Math, Social Sciences, or Languages.
**Math-Science AYT:** Mathematics (40 questions), Physics, Chemistry, Biology.
Results used for program-specific admissions.

## Top Turkish universities

### Public (free tuition for Turkish citizens)

**Boğaziçi Üniversitesi (Bosphorus University):** Most prestigious. English instruction.
**ODTÜ (Middle East Technical University):** Strong engineering, science. English instruction.
**İTÜ (Istanbul Technical University):** Engineering focus.
**Hacettepe Üniversitesi:** Medicine, health sciences.
**Ankara Üniversitesi:** Law, social sciences.

### Private

Koç University, Sabancı University: English instruction, well-funded, research-focused.

## Score requirements (approximate)

Medicine at Hacettepe: ~99.8 percentile.
Computer Engineering at Boğaziçi: ~99 percentile.
Average programs: 70+ percentile.

## Free resources

ÖSYM (osym.gov.tr — free sample questions and past papers).
Üniversitemiz.com (free practice tests).

Sources: ÖSYM Turkey (osym.gov.tr — free), YÖK (yok.gov.tr — free)