{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://openinherit.org/v3/extensions/switzerland/switzerland.json",
  "title": "Switzerland Extension",
  "description": "Swiss succession rules: Pflichtteil (forced heirship, 2023 Erbrechtsrevision), cantonal inheritance tax variation, matrimonial property regimes, Erbschein (certificate of inheritance), and notarial will forms.",
  "$comment": "Swiss succession law recognises only three parenteles (ZGB Art. 457-466): 1. Descendants. 2. Parents and their issue (siblings, nephews/nieces). 3. Grandparents and their issue (uncles/aunts, cousins). There is no fourth parentele — unlike Germany which extends to unlimited Ordnungen. If no heir is found in the three parenteles, the estate goes to the canton.",
  "maturity": "draft",
  "extensionType": "geographic",
  "applicableJurisdictions": ["CH"],
  "inheritVersion": ">=3.0.0 <4.0.0",
  "legalSystems": ["civil_law"],
  "dataProvenance": "Swiss Civil Code (ZGB) Art. 457–640, January 2023 succession law reform (Erbrechtsrevision)",
  "maintainers": [
    {
      "name": "Testate Technologies",
      "organisation": "Testate Technologies Ltd",
      "role": "lead"
    }
  ],
  "compatibleWith": [],
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "pflichtteil": {
      "description": "Pflichtteil — the statutory reserved portion under Swiss law. Since the 2023 Erbrechtsrevision (ZGB Art. 470–480), parents are no longer protected heirs; descendants retain 1/2 of their intestate share and the surviving spouse 1/2 of their intestate share.",
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "reformApplies": {
          "description": "Whether the January 2023 Erbrechtsrevision rules apply (deaths on or after 1 January 2023)",
          "type": "boolean"
        },
        "protectedHeirs": {
          "description": "Array of persons entitled to a Pflichtteil under Swiss law",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "type": "object",
            "required": ["personId", "heirClass"],
            "properties": {
              "personId": {
                "description": "Reference to the Person.id of the protected heir",
                "type": "string",
                "format": "uuid",
                "pattern": "^[0-9a-fA-F]{8}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{12}$"
              },
              "heirClass": {
                "description": "Class of protected heir. Since 2023, only descendants and surviving_spouse are protected heirs; parent is included for pre-2023 deaths.",
                "$comment": "parent is no longer a protected heir since the 1 January 2023 reform (revision of the Swiss Civil Code, in force 1 January 2023). The enum value is retained for pre-2023 estates. The 2023 reform increased the freely disposable share from 3/8 to 1/2 (when there are descendants and a surviving spouse).",
                "enum": [
                  "descendant",
                  "surviving_spouse",
                  "parent"
                ]
              },
              "statutoryShareFraction": {
                "description": "The heir's intestate statutory share as a fraction, e.g. 1/2",
                "type": "string",
                "pattern": "^[0-9]+/[0-9]+$",
                "maxLength": 20
              },
              "pflichtteilFraction": {
                "description": "The Pflichtteil as a fraction of the estate (half the statutory share since 2023), e.g. 1/4",
                "type": "string",
                "pattern": "^[0-9]+/[0-9]+$",
                "maxLength": 20
              }
            },
            "additionalProperties": false
          },
          "maxItems": 50
        },
        "availableQuota": {
          "description": "The freely disposable quota remaining after all Pflichtteile are reserved",
          "type": "object",
          "properties": {
            "fraction": {
              "description": "Available quota as a fraction of the net estate, e.g. 1/2",
              "type": "string",
              "pattern": "^[0-9]+/[0-9]+$",
              "maxLength": 20
            },
            "estimatedValue": {
              "description": "Estimated monetary value of the available quota in minor currency units",
              "$ref": "../../common/money.json"
            }
          },
          "additionalProperties": false
        }
      },
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "cantonalVariation": {
      "description": "Cantonal inheritance tax and succession law variation. Switzerland has 26 cantons; direct-line heirs are exempt in most cantons, but rates and exemptions differ significantly.",
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "canton": {
          "description": "Two-letter canton abbreviation (e.g. ZH, BE, GE, VD, BS)",
          "type": "string",
          "pattern": "^[A-Z]{2}$"
        },
        "cantonalTaxApplies": {
          "description": "Whether cantonal inheritance tax applies to this estate",
          "type": "boolean"
        },
        "cantonalTaxRate": {
          "description": "Cantonal inheritance tax rate as a percentage",
          "type": "number",
          "minimum": 0,
          "maximum": 100
        },
        "linealHeirsExempt": {
          "description": "Whether lineal heirs (descendants and surviving spouse) are exempt from cantonal inheritance tax in this canton",
          "type": "boolean"
        }
      },
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "matrimonialPropertyRegime": {
      "description": "The matrimonial property regime governing the split of matrimonial property before succession begins. participation_in_acquisitions is the default regime under ZGB Art. 181.",
      "enum": [
        "participation_in_acquisitions",
        "community_of_property",
        "separation_of_property"
      ]
    },
    "erbschein": {
      "description": "Erbschein — the Swiss certificate of inheritance (Erbenbescheinigung) issued by the competent cantonal authority confirming the identity of heirs and their shares.",
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "issued": {
          "description": "Whether an Erbschein has been issued",
          "type": "boolean"
        },
        "issuingAuthority": {
          "description": "Name of the cantonal authority that issued the Erbschein",
          "type": "string",
          "maxLength": 255
        },
        "issueDate": {
          "description": "Date on which the Erbschein was issued",
          "type": "string",
          "format": "date",
          "pattern": "^\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}$"
        },
        "referenceNumber": {
          "description": "Reference or case number of the Erbschein",
          "type": "string",
          "maxLength": 100
        }
      },
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "notarialWillForm": {
      "description": "Form of will used under Swiss law. public_will: notarially authenticated before two witnesses (ZGB Art. 499–508). holographic_will: entirely handwritten, dated, and signed by the testator (ZGB Art. 505). oral_will: emergency oral will before two witnesses when notarial form is impossible (ZGB Art. 506–508).",
      "enum": [
        "public_will",
        "holographic_will",
        "oral_will"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "type": "string",
      "maxLength": 2000
    }
  },
  "minProperties": 1,
  "patternProperties": {
    "^x-inherit-[a-z][a-z0-9-]{1,54}$": {
      "type": "object",
      "maxProperties": 50,
      "propertyNames": {
        "pattern": "^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$",
        "maxLength": 64
      }
    }
  },
  "unevaluatedProperties": false,
  "propertyNames": {
    "pattern": "^(x-inherit-[a-z][a-z0-9-]*|[a-z][a-zA-Z0-9]*)$"
  }
}