/** utility typescript type and interface definitions.
 *
 * @module
*/
/** get the constructor function of type `T` */
export type ConstructorOf<T, Args extends any[] = any[]> = new (...args: Args) => T;
/** get the prototype object of a class `CLS` */
export type PrototypeOf<CLS, Args extends any[] = any[]> = CLS extends {
    new (...args: any[]): infer U;
} ? U : never;
/** turn optional properties `P` of interface `T` into required */
export type Require<T, P extends keyof T> = Omit<T, P> & Required<Pick<T, P>>;
/** turn properties `P` of interface `T` into optional */
export type Optional<T, P extends keyof T> = Omit<T, P> & Partial<Pick<T, P>>;
/** extract all optional fields from type `T` */
export type OptionalKeysOf<T> = {
    [K in keyof T as (undefined extends T[K] ? K : never)]: T[K];
};
/** get all non-symbol property keys of a particular type `T`. */
export type NonSymbolKeys<T> = {
    [K in keyof T]: K extends symbol ? never : K;
}[keyof T];
/** @deprecated
 * use {@link MembersOf} instead
*/
export type ClassFieldsOf<T> = {
    [K in keyof T as (T[K] extends Function ? never : K)]: T[K];
};
/** get all methods of a class-instance */
export type MethodsOf<T> = {
    [K in keyof T as (T[K] extends Function ? K : never)]: T[K];
};
/** get all functions of a class-instance */
export type CallableFunctionsOf<T> = {
    [K in keyof T as (T[K] extends (CallableFunction & ((this: T, ...args: any) => any)) ? K : never)]: T[K];
};
/** get all data members (non-methods) of a class-instance */
export type MembersOf<T> = Omit<T, keyof MethodsOf<T>>;
/** map each entry (key-value pair) of an object, to a tuple of the key and its corresponding value.
 *
 * the output of this type is what the builtin `Object.entries` static method should ideally return if it were typed strictly.
 *
 * @example
 * ```ts
 * const obj = { kill: "your", self: "ok", tomorrow: 420 } as const
 * type EntriesOfObj = EntriesOf<typeof obj>
 * // the IDE will now infer the type to be:
 * // `type EntriesOfObj = Array<["kill", "your"] | ["self", "ok"] | ["tomorrow", 420]>`
 * // had we not used the `as const` narrowing utility, the output would've then been:
 * // `type EntriesOfObj = Array<["kill", string] | ["self", string] | ["tomorrow", number]>`
 * ```
*/
export type EntriesOf<T> = Array<{
    [K in keyof T]: [key: K, value: T[K]];
}[keyof T]>;
/** turn all fields of an object `T` to optional, deeply.
 *
 * > [!note]
 * > we exclude many built-in types and classes so that they are not turned into partial types.
 * > here is the full list of built-in types and classes (aside from primitives) that are not turned into partial objects:
 * >
 * > `Function | Array<any> | Set<any> | Map<any, any> | WeakSet<any> | WeakMap<any, any> | TypedArray | URL | String | BigInt | Number | Boolean | Symbol`
 *
 * @example
 * ```ts
 * const my_obj = {
 * 	a: 1,
 * 	b: { c: 2 },
 * 	d: { e: { f: 3 }, g: 4 },
 * 	h: { i: [{ j: 5 }, { k: 6 }] },
 * 	l: { m: ((arg: string) => "hello") },
 * 	n: new URL("https://example.com"),
 * 	o: new Map<string, number>([["a", 1], ["b", 2]]),
 * } as const
 *
 * type DeeplyPartial_my_obj = DeepPartial<typeof my_obj>
 * type ManuallyConstructed_DeeplyPartial_my_obj = {
 * 	a?: 1,
 * 	b?: { c?: 2 },
 * 	d?: { e?: { f?: 3 }, g?: 4 },
 * 	h?: { i?: readonly [_0?: { j?: 5 } | undefined, _1?: { k?: 6 } | undefined] },
 * 	l?: { m?: ((arg: string) => string) },
 * 	n?: URL,
 * 	o?: Map<string, number>,
 * }
 *
 * type BothTypesAreEqual_1 = DeeplyPartial_my_obj extends ManuallyConstructed_DeeplyPartial_my_obj ? true : false
 * type BothTypesAreEqual_2 = ManuallyConstructed_DeeplyPartial_my_obj extends DeeplyPartial_my_obj ? true : false
 *
 * const temp: true = true
 * temp satisfies BothTypesAreEqual_1
 * temp satisfies BothTypesAreEqual_2
 * ```
*/
export type DeepPartial<T> = T extends (Function | Array<any> | Set<any> | Map<any, any> | WeakSet<any> | WeakMap<any, any> | TypedArray | URL | String | BigInt | Number | Boolean | Symbol) ? T : T extends Record<string, any> ? {
    [P in keyof T]?: DeepPartial<T[P]>;
} : T;
/** turn all fields of an object `T` to required, deeply.
 *
 * > [!note]
 * > we exclude many built-in types and classes so that they are not turned into required types.
 * > here is the full list of built-in types and classes (aside from primitives) that are not turned into required objects:
 * >
 * > `Function | Array<any> | Set<any> | Map<any, any> | WeakSet<any> | WeakMap<any, any> | TypedArray | URL | String | BigInt | Number | Boolean | Symbol`
 *
 * @example
 * ```ts
 * type MyType = {
 * 	a?: 1,
 * 	b: { c?: 2 },
 * 	d: { e?: { f: 3 }, g?: 4 },
 * 	h: { i?: [_0?: { j?: 5 } | undefined, _1?: { k?: 6 } | undefined] },
 * 	l?: { m?: ((arg: string) => string), n: 7 | undefined, o?: 8 | undefined },
 * }
 *
 * type MyType_DeeplyRequired = DeepRequired<MyType>
 *
 * type ManuallyConstructed_MyType_DeeplyRequired = DeepRequired<{
 * 	a: 1,
 * 	b: { c: 2 },
 * 	d: { e: { f: 3 }, g: 4 },
 * 	h: { i: [_0?: { j?: 5 } | undefined, _1?: { k?: 6 } | undefined] },
 * 	l: { m: ((arg: string) => string), n: 7 | undefined, o: 8 },
 * }>
 *
 * type BothTypesAreEqual_1 = MyType_DeeplyRequired extends ManuallyConstructed_MyType_DeeplyRequired ? true : false
 * type BothTypesAreEqual_2 = ManuallyConstructed_MyType_DeeplyRequired extends MyType_DeeplyRequired ? true : false
 *
 * const temp: true = true
 * temp satisfies BothTypesAreEqual_1
 * temp satisfies BothTypesAreEqual_2
 * ```
*/
export type DeepRequired<T> = T extends (Function | Array<any> | Set<any> | Map<any, any> | WeakSet<any> | WeakMap<any, any> | TypedArray | URL | String | BigInt | Number | Boolean | Symbol) ? T : T extends Record<string, any> ? {
    [P in keyof T]-?: DeepRequired<T[P]>;
} : T;
/** get the stringified type name of a type-parameter. */
export type TypeName<T> = T extends string ? "string" : T extends BigInt ? "bigint" : T extends number ? "number" : T extends boolean ? "boolean" : T extends undefined ? "undefined" : T extends symbol ? "symbol" : T extends Function ? "function" : T extends Array<any> ? "array" : T extends null ? "null" : "object";
/** add a prefix `PRE` to all property names of object `T` */
export type PrefixProps<T, PRE extends string> = {
    [K in keyof T & string as `${PRE}${K}`]: T[K];
};
/** add a postfix (suffix) `POST` to all property names of object `T` */
export type PostfixProps<T, POST extends string> = {
    [K in keyof T & string as `${K}${POST}`]: T[K];
};
/** allows one to declare static interface `CONSTRUCTOR` that must be implemented by a class `CLASS`.
 *
 * > [!important]
 * > your `CONSTRUCTOR` static interface **must** contain a constructor method in it.
 * > although, that constructor could be super generalized too, despite the other static methods being narrowly defined.
 * > take the following for instance:
 *
 * ```ts
 * // interface for a class that must implement a static `clone` method, which should return a clone of the provided object `obj`, but omit numeric keys
 * interface Cloneable {
 * 	constructor(...args: any[]): any
 * 	clone<T>(obj: T): Omit<T, number>
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * to use this utility type, you must provide the static interface as the first parameter,
 * and then `typeof CLASS_NAME` (which is the name of the class itself) as the second parameter.
 *
 * @example
 * ```ts
 * interface Stack<T> {
 * 	push(...items: T[]): void
 * 	pop(): T | undefined
 * 	clear(): T[]
 * }
 *
 * interface CloneableStack {
 * 	new <V>(...args: any[]): Stack<V>
 * 	// this static method should remove all function objects from the stack
 * 	clone<T>(original_stack: Stack<T>): Stack<Exclude<T, Function>>
 * }
 *
 * const stack_class_alias = class MyStack<T> implements StaticImplements<CloneableStack, typeof MyStack> {
 * 	arr: T[]
 * 	constructor(first_item?: T) {
 * 		this.arr = first_item === undefined ? [] : [first_item]
 * 	}
 *
 * 	push(...items: T[]): void { this.arr.push(...items) }
 * 	pop(): T | undefined { return this.arr.pop() }
 * 	clear(): T[] { return this.arr.splice(0) }
 *
 * 	static clone<V>(some_stack: Stack<V>) {
 * 		const arr_no_func = (some_stack as MyStack<V>).arr.filter((v) => typeof v !== "function") as Array<Exclude<V, Function>>
 * 		const new_stack = new this<Exclude<V, Function>>()
 * 		new_stack.push(...arr_no_func)
 * 		return new_stack
 * 	}
 * }
 * ```
*/
export type StaticImplements<CONSTRUCTOR extends new (...args: any[]) => any, CLASS extends CONSTRUCTOR> = InstanceType<CONSTRUCTOR>;
/** `DecrementNumber[N]` returns `N-1`, for up to `N = 10` */
export type DecrementNumber = [never, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];
/** `IncrementNumber[N]` returns `N+1`, for up to `N = 10` */
export type IncrementNumber = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];
/** repeat a string `S` for up to `N = 10` times */
export type RepeatString<S extends string, N extends number> = N extends 1 ? S : `${S}${RepeatString<S, DecrementNumber[N]>}`;
/** create an element-wise intersection between two tuples.
 *
 * > [!note]
 * > the intersection `any & T` typically produces `any`,
 * but when put through this utility type, it will produce `T` for convenience of usage with function parameters intersection.
 *
 * @example
 * ```ts
 * type A = TupleIntersect<[number, unknown, string, any], [5, number, string, boolean, 99]>
 * // A === [5, number, string, boolean]
 * ```
*/
export type TupleIntersect<ARR1 extends any[], ARR2 extends any[], N extends number | never = 0> = N extends number ? IntersectKnown<ARR1[N], ARR2[N]> extends (undefined | never) ? [] : [
    IntersectKnown<ARR1[N], ARR2[N]>,
    ...TupleIntersect<ARR1, ARR2, IncrementNumber[N]>
] : [];
/** create an element-wise intersection between two tuples. note that the intersection `any & T` does not produce `T` for some reason unfortunately.
 * @example
 * ```ts
 * type A = TupleUnion<[number, unknown, string, boolean], [5, number, string, any, 99]>
 * // A === [number, number, string, boolean>, undefined | 99]
 * ```
*/
export type TupleUnion<ARR1 extends any[], ARR2 extends any[], N extends number | never = 0> = N extends number ? UnionKnown<ARR1[N], ARR2[N]> extends (undefined | never) ? [] : [
    UnionKnown<ARR1[N], ARR2[N]>,
    ...TupleUnion<ARR1, ARR2, IncrementNumber[N]>
] : [];
/** perform a union between two types, making sure that if either is `unknown`, then it'll be treated as `never`.
 *
 * why is this useful? because in typescript's `unknown` is a supertype of all types (similar to `any`), which means that something like `T | unknown = unknown`.
 * thus, in a scenario where such a behavior is not desired, you can use this utility type: `UnionKnown<T, unknown> = T`
*/
export type UnionKnown<A, B> = (unknown extends A ? B : A) | (unknown extends B ? A : B);
/** perform an intersection between two types, making sure that if either is `unknown` or `any`, then it'll be ignored, and only the known type will persevere.
 *
 * why is this useful? because in typescript's `any` is a subtype of all types, which means that something like `T & any = any` (strangely unintuitive).
 * thus, in a scenario where such a behavior is not desired, you can use this utility type: `UnionKnown<T, any> = T`
*/
export type IntersectKnown<A, B> = (unknown extends A ? B : A) & (unknown extends B ? A : B);
/** this utility type lets makes your typescript LSP auto-suggest literals defined in the input generic type `T`,
 * while also permitting arbitrary strings to be used.
 *
 * @example
 * ```ts
 * type InstallationPath = AutoSuggestOrString<0 | undefined | "$CWD" | "C-DRIVE" | "$ROOT">
 *
 * const installProgram = async (installation_path: InstallationPath) => {
 * 	const abs_path = installation_path === undefined ? ""
 * 		: installation_path === "$CWD" ? Deno.cwd()   // LSP will suggest `0 | "$CWD" | "C-DRIVE" | "$ROOT"`.
 * 			: installation_path === "C-DRIVE" ? "C:/" // LSP will suggest `0 | "C-DRIVE" | "$ROOT"`.
 * 				: installation_path === "$ROOT" ? "/" // LSP will suggest `0 | "$ROOT"`.
 * 					: installation_path === 0 ? ""    // LSP will suggest `0`.
 * 						: installation_path satisfies string // `(string & {})` is still a valid string.
 * 	// perform installation
 * }
 *
 * await installProgram("$CWD")             // valid, and LSP will suggest the default options first.
 * await installProgram(undefined)          // valid.
 * await installProgram(0)                  // valid.
 * await installProgram("/etc/hello/world") // also valid.
 * ```
*/
export type AutoSuggestOrString<T> = T | (string & {});
/** an array of type `T`, and fixed length `L`.
 *
 * this technique was copied from [stackexchange, user "mstephen19"](https://stackoverflow.com/a/73384647).
 *
 * the generic `R` type parameter is for recursion, and not intended for external use.
*/
export type ArrayFixedLength<T, L extends number, R extends T[] = []> = R["length"] extends L ? R : ArrayFixedLength<T, L, [...R, T]>;
/** represents a scalar mathematical function of `ParamLength` number of input parameters (or variables).
 *
 * for instance, a scalar addition function is merely a mapping from domains:
 * $X,Y \in \R$ to $Z \in \R$: $\text{Add} : X \times Y \rightarrow Z$ .
 *
 * ```ts
 * const add_func: NumericMapFunc<2> = (x, y) => x + y
 * ```
*/
export type NumericMapFunc<ParamLength extends number> = (...params: ArrayFixedLength<number, ParamLength>) => number;
/** represents a higher-order scalar function of `ParamLength` number of array input parameters, which are then manipulated based on index `i`, for all possible `i`.
 *
 * for instance, to model an array addition function, you would simply do:
 *
 * ```ts
 * const add_hof: IndexNumericMapFunc<2> = (arrX, arrY) => (i) => arrX[i] + arrY[i]
 * ```
*/
export type IndexNumericMapFunc<ParamLength extends number> = (...params: ArrayFixedLength<NumericArray, ParamLength>) => (i: number) => number;
/** unsigned integer, signed integer, or IEEE-754 float */
export type NumericFormatType = "u" | "i" | "f";
/** little-endian, big-endian, clamped 1-byte, or 1-byte */
export type NumericEndianType = "l" | "b";
/** specify 1-byte, 2-bytes, 4-bytes, or 8-bytes of numeric data*/
export type DByteSize = "1" | "2" | "4" | "8";
/** indicates the name of a numeric type.
 *
 * the collection of possible valid numeric types is:
 * - `"u1"`, `"u2"`, `"u4"`, `"u8"`, `"i1"`, `"i2"`, `"i4"`, `"i8"`, `"f4"`, `"f8"`, `"u1c"`
 *
 * the first character specifies the format:
 * - `u` = unsigned integer
 * - `i` = signed integer
 * - `f` = float IEEE-754
 *
 * the second character specifies the byte-size:
 * - `1` = one byte
 * - `2` = two bytes (short)
 * - `4` = four bytes (word)
 * - `8` = eight bytes (long)
*/
export type NumericDType = Exclude<`${NumericFormatType}${DByteSize}` | "u1c", "f1" | "f2" | "u8" | "i8">;
/** abstract constructor of any typed array, such as `new Uint8Array(...)`
 * you can narrow down the constructor through the use of a  {@link NumericDType} string annotation
 * @example
 * ```ts
 * const clamp_arr_constructor: TypedArrayConstructor<"u1c"> = Uint8ClampedArray
 * ```
*/
export type TypedArrayConstructor<DType extends NumericDType = NumericDType> = {
    "u1": Uint8ArrayConstructor;
    "u1c": Uint8ClampedArrayConstructor;
    "u2": Uint16ArrayConstructor;
    "u4": Uint32ArrayConstructor;
    "i1": Int8ArrayConstructor;
    "i2": Int16ArrayConstructor;
    "i4": Int32ArrayConstructor;
    "f4": Float32ArrayConstructor;
    "f8": Float64ArrayConstructor;
}[DType];
/** an instance of any typed array, such as `Uint8Array`
 * you can narrow down the type through the use of a  {@link NumericDType} string annotation
 * @example
 * ```ts
 * const clammped_bytes_arr: TypedArray<"u1c"> = new Uint8ClampedArray(42)
 * ```
*/
export type TypedArray<DType extends NumericDType = NumericDType> = {
    "u1": Uint8Array;
    "u1c": Uint8ClampedArray;
    "u2": Uint16Array;
    "u4": Uint32Array;
    "i1": Int8Array;
    "i2": Int16Array;
    "i4": Int32Array;
    "f4": Float32Array;
    "f8": Float64Array;
}[DType];
/** any numeric array */
export type NumericArray = TypedArray | Array<number>;
/** indicates the name of a numeric type with required endian information, or the use of a variable-sized integer.
 *
 * the collection of possible valid numeric types is:
 * - `"u1"`, `"i1"`, `"u2l"`, `"u2b"`, `"i2l"`, `"i2b"`, `"u4l"`, `"u4b"`, `"u8l"`, `"u8b"`, `"i4l"`, `"i4b"`, `"i8l"`, `"i8b"`, `"f4l"`, `"f4b"`, `"f8l"`, `"f8b"`, `"u1c"`,
 *
 * the first character specifies the format:
 * - `u` = unsigned integer
 * - `i` = signed integer
 * - `f` = float IEEE-754
 *
 * the second character specifies the byte-size:
 * - `1` = one byte
 * - `2` = two bytes (short)
 * - `4` = four bytes (word)
 * - `8` = eight bytes (long)
 *
 * the third character specifies the endianness. but in the case of unsigned one byte integers, the `c` character specifies if the value is clamped to 255:
 * - `l` = little endian
 * - `b` = big endian
 * - `c` = clamped (only valid for `"u1c"` type)
 *
 * for variable byte sized numbers, use {@link VarNumericType}.
*/
export type NumericType = Exclude<`${NumericDType}${NumericEndianType}` | "u1" | "u1c" | "i1", `${"u1" | "u1c" | "i1"}${NumericEndianType}`>;
/** an array (regular javascript array) of numbers can be interpreted as an array of formatted binary numbers. */
export type NumericArrayType = `${NumericType}[]`;
/** indicates either a variable bytes sized unsigned or signed integer. see [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_quantity) to understand how they're represented in binary. */
export type VarNumericType = "uv" | "iv";
/** numeric array version of {@link VarNumericType}. */
export type VarNumericArrayType = `${VarNumericType}[]`;
/** a float number in the range `0.0` to `1.0` (inclusive) */
export type UnitInterval = number;
export declare const isUnitInterval: (value: number) => value is UnitInterval;
/** an integer number in the range `0` to `255` (inclusive) */
export type UByte = number;
export declare const isUByte: (value: number) => value is UByte;
/** a float number in the range `0` to `360` (inclusive), indicating the degree rotation angle. */
export type Degrees = number;
export declare const isDegrees: (value: number) => value is Degrees;
/** a float number in the range `0` to `pi` (inclusive), indicating the radian rotation angle. */
export type Radians = number;
export declare const isRadians: (value: number) => value is Radians;
/** represents either a regular 2d html canvas context, or an offscreen 2d canvas's context. */
export type Ctx2D = CanvasRenderingContext2D | OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2D;
/** represents either a regular value `T` or a `Promise` thereof. */
export type MaybePromise<T> = T | Promise<T>;
/** represents either a regular value `T` or a `PromiseLike` thereof. */
export type MaybePromiseLike<T> = T | PromiseLike<T>;
/** the type definition of a `Promise` resolver function. */
export type PromiseResolver<T> = ((value: T | PromiseLike<T>) => void);
/** the type definition of a `Promise` rejector function. */
export type PromiseRejector<T> = ((reason?: any) => void);
/** represents a typical javasctipt object, something that pairs `keys` with `values` */
export type Obj = {
    [key: PropertyKey]: any;
};
/** represents an empty javasctipt object */
export type EmptyObj = {
    [key: PropertyKey]: never;
};
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