{
  "id": "soa",
  "kind": "concept",
  "name": "SOA",
  "category": "architecture",
  "triggers": ["SOA", "Service-Oriented Architecture", "面向服务", "面向服务架构"],
  "summary": "面向服务架构：把能力拆成可复用、契约化的服务，经企业服务总线/标准协议互调；微服务可视为其细粒度演进。",
  "whenToUse": [
    "大型企业系统集成异构能力，强调服务复用与契约。",
    "需要跨系统编排既有能力而非重写。"
  ],
  "antiPatterns": [
    "ESB 变成单点与瓶颈（'ESB 上帝化'）。",
    "服务粒度过粗，复用名存实亡。",
    "契约缺版本治理，升级即破坏下游。"
  ],
  "minimalSkeleton": "Service: 自治、契约化(WSDL/OpenAPI)\nContract: 输入输出与协议约定\nBus/Gateway: 路由、协议转换、编排\nRegistry: 服务发现与版本",
  "relatedArchetypes": []
}