"""Launch nine windows and tile them in a 3x3 grid. Default: nine **cmd.exe** consoles (``CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE``), titled ``PyDemoGrid0`` … ``PyDemoGrid8``. That is reliable on Windows 11, where **Notepad** often merges new files into **one** process/tabs, so launcher PIDs do not match top-level HWNDs. Optional ``--use-notepad``: open nine empty temp ``.txt`` files in Notepad and match by window title (best effort; may yield fewer than nine windows if your Notepad uses a single tabbed window). Run: ``uv run python examples/demo_notepad_grid.py`` """ from __future__ import annotations import argparse import ctypes import sys from pathlib import Path _EXAMPLES_DIR = str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent) if _EXAMPLES_DIR not in sys.path: sys.path.insert(0, _EXAMPLES_DIR) import logging import os import subprocess import time from demo_notepad_helpers import ( collect_cmd_grid_windows, make_temp_demo_files, notepad_exe, wait_for_notepad_title, ) from pywinauto import Desktop from pywinauto.findwindows import WindowNotFoundError logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) user32 = ctypes.windll.user32 WM_CLOSE = 0x0010 SW_RESTORE = 9 CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE = getattr(subprocess, "CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE", 0x00000010) def _screen_size() -> tuple[int, int]: return int(user32.GetSystemMetrics(0)), int(user32.GetSystemMetrics(1)) def _move_window_hwnd(hwnd: int, x: int, y: int, w: int, h: int) -> bool: """Resize/move any top-level HWND (cmd consoles are not always UIA-wrappable).""" user32.ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_RESTORE) return bool(user32.MoveWindow(hwnd, int(x), int(y), int(w), int(h), True)) def _close_hwnd(desktop: Desktop, hwnd: int) -> None: try: desktop.window(handle=hwnd).close() except Exception as e: logger.debug("close uia failed %s: %s", hwnd, e) user32.PostMessageW(hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0) def _cmd_exe() -> str: return os.path.join(os.environ.get("SystemRoot", r"C:\Windows"), "System32", "cmd.exe") def _launch_cmd_grid() -> None: print("Starting 9 cmd.exe windows (PyDemoGrid0…8)…") cmd = _cmd_exe() for i in range(9): # Each process gets its own console window when CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE is set. subprocess.Popen( [cmd, "/k", f"title PyDemoGrid{i}"], creationflags=CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE, shell=False, ) time.sleep(0.35) print(f" [{i + 1}/9] started") def _launch_notepad_grid() -> tuple[list[str], list[str]]: """Return (temp_dir, basenames) after launching one Notepad per file.""" tmp, basenames = make_temp_demo_files("demo_grid", 9) np = notepad_exe() print("Starting 9 Notepad windows (one temp .txt each)…") for i, base in enumerate(basenames): path = os.path.join(tmp, base) subprocess.Popen([np, path], shell=False) time.sleep(0.35) print(f" [{i + 1}/9] {base}") return tmp, basenames def main() -> None: parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Nine windows in a 3x3 grid.") parser.add_argument( "--gap", type=int, default=8, help="Pixels between tiles (default 8).", ) parser.add_argument( "--no-close", action="store_true", help="Do not close windows when the script exits.", ) parser.add_argument( "--auto", action="store_true", help="Non-interactive: show the grid for --dwell seconds, then exit (e.g. just demo).", ) parser.add_argument( "--dwell", type=float, default=5.0, help="Seconds to keep the grid visible when --auto (default 5).", ) parser.add_argument( "--use-notepad", action="store_true", help="Use Notepad + temp files instead of cmd (may find fewer than 9 on tabbed Notepad).", ) args = parser.parse_args() if args.use_notepad: _launch_notepad_grid() time.sleep(1.5) handles_ordered: list[int] = [] for i in range(9): base = f"demo_grid_{i}.txt" print(f"Locating window for {base!r}…") h = wait_for_notepad_title(base, timeout=20.0) if h is None: print(f"Warning: no window for {base}", file=sys.stderr) else: handles_ordered.append(h) if len(handles_ordered) < 9: print( f"Note: only found {len(handles_ordered)}/9 Notepad windows " "(Windows 11 often uses one tabbed window). Use default cmd grid for a full 3x3.", file=sys.stderr, ) else: _launch_cmd_grid() time.sleep(1.0) by_idx = collect_cmd_grid_windows(want=9, timeout=45.0) if len(by_idx) < 9: print( f"Warning: only found {len(by_idx)}/9 console windows " "(check default terminal profile; Windows Terminal may tab into one window).", file=sys.stderr, ) handles_ordered = [by_idx[i] for i in range(9) if i in by_idx] if not handles_ordered: print("No windows to tile.", file=sys.stderr) sys.exit(1) desktop = Desktop(backend="uia") sw, sh = _screen_size() gap = max(0, args.gap) bottom_reserve = 48 usable_h = sh - bottom_reserve margin = 10 cols, rows = 3, 3 # Tile in a grid up to 3x3; with fewer windows, still use row-major slots cell_w = (sw - 2 * margin - gap * (cols - 1)) // cols cell_h = (usable_h - 2 * margin - gap * (rows - 1)) // rows closed: list[int] = [] for idx, hwnd in enumerate(handles_ordered): row, col = divmod(idx, 3) if row >= 3: break x = margin + col * (cell_w + gap) y = margin + row * (cell_h + gap) try: if _move_window_hwnd(hwnd, x, y, cell_w, cell_h): closed.append(hwnd) print(f"Tile {idx + 1}: ({x}, {y}) size {cell_w}x{cell_h} hwnd={hwnd}") else: print(f"Warning: MoveWindow failed for hwnd {hwnd}", file=sys.stderr) except Exception as e: print(f"Warning: position failed for hwnd {hwnd}: {e}", file=sys.stderr) if args.auto: print(f"\nGrid ready (auto). Holding for {args.dwell}s…") time.sleep(max(0.0, args.dwell)) else: print("\nGrid ready. Press Enter to finish" + ("" if args.no_close else " (windows will close)…")) try: input() except EOFError: pass if not args.no_close and closed: print("Closing tiled windows…") for h in closed: try: _close_hwnd(desktop, h) except WindowNotFoundError: pass except Exception as e: logger.debug("close %s: %s", h, e) time.sleep(0.3) print("Done.") if __name__ == "__main__": main()