import { createHash, randomUUID } from "node:crypto";

import * as fs from "node:fs";
import * as path from "node:path";

import type * as native from "@gajae-code/natives";

let nativeSessionStorageBindings: typeof import("@gajae-code/natives") | undefined;

function nativeSessionStorage(): typeof import("@gajae-code/natives") {
	if (!nativeSessionStorageBindings) {
		nativeSessionStorageBindings = require("@gajae-code/natives") as typeof import("@gajae-code/natives");
	}
	return nativeSessionStorageBindings;
}

import { isEnoent, pathIsWithin, peekFile, toError } from "@gajae-code/utils";
import {
	assertManagedDirectoryRoot,
	type ManagedDirectoryRoot,
	renameFlagsUnsupported,
	shouldFsyncManagedDirectory,
	validateNativeSecurityResult,
} from "./internal/managed-session-storage";
import {
	classifyNativePublishOutcome,
	mayCleanCurrentStaging,
	type NativePublishOutcome,
} from "./internal/native-publish-outcome";
import { isDerivedSessionMemoryFile } from "./internal/session-memory-sidecar";

const utf8Decoder = new TextDecoder("utf-8");
const newlineBuffer = Buffer.from("\n", "utf8");
function canonicalPathSync(value: string): string {
	try {
		return fs.realpathSync.native(value);
	} catch {
		return path.resolve(value);
	}
}

export interface SessionStorageStat {
	dev: bigint;
	ino: bigint;
	nlink?: bigint;

	size: number;
	mtimeMs: number;
	mtimeNs: bigint;
	ctimeNs: bigint;
	mtime: Date;
	isFile: boolean;
}

/** Exact bytes and identity captured from one opened regular-file descriptor. */
export interface SessionStorageSnapshot {
	bytes: Uint8Array;
	stat: SessionStorageStat;
}

export interface SessionStorageExactReplacementExpectation {
	readonly stat: SessionStorageStat;
	readonly sha256: string;
}
/** Upper bound for one descriptor-validated recorded range read. */
export const SESSION_RANGE_READ_MAX_BYTES = 64 * 1024 * 1024;

/**
 * One bounded recorded-length read validated against a single opened descriptor.
 * `bytes` is exactly `length` bytes from `[start, start + length)` of the same
 * regular-file object; `stat` is the fresh post-read descriptor snapshot so the
 * caller can compare dev/ino/nlink against the pathname before committing an index.
 */
export interface SessionStorageRangeSnapshot {
	stat: SessionStorageStat;
	bytes: Uint8Array;
}

function validateRangeReadBounds(start: number, length: number): void {
	if (!Number.isSafeInteger(start) || start < 0 || !Number.isSafeInteger(length) || length < 0)
		throw new RangeError("Invalid session range read bounds");
	if (start > Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER - length) throw new RangeError("Session range read start overflows");
	if (length > SESSION_RANGE_READ_MAX_BYTES) throw new RangeError("Session range read exceeds the bounded maximum");
}

function normalizeBufferedWriterCapacity(value: number | undefined): number {
	const capacity = value ?? SESSION_STORAGE_BUFFERED_WRITER_DEFAULT_BYTES;
	if (
		!Number.isSafeInteger(capacity) ||
		capacity < SESSION_STORAGE_BUFFERED_WRITER_MIN_BYTES ||
		capacity > SESSION_STORAGE_BUFFERED_WRITER_MAX_BYTES
	)
		throw new RangeError(
			`Buffered writer capacity must be between ${SESSION_STORAGE_BUFFERED_WRITER_MIN_BYTES} and ${SESSION_STORAGE_BUFFERED_WRITER_MAX_BYTES} bytes`,
		);
	return capacity;
}

function statFromNode(stats: fs.BigIntStats): SessionStorageStat {
	return {
		dev: stats.dev,
		ino: stats.ino,
		nlink: stats.nlink,

		size: Number(stats.size),
		mtimeMs: Number(stats.mtimeMs),
		mtimeNs: stats.mtimeNs,
		ctimeNs: stats.ctimeNs,
		mtime: stats.mtime,
		isFile: stats.isFile(),
	};
}

// =============================================================================
// Certainty-aware writer close contract (ACP fail-closed deletion foundation)
// =============================================================================
/**
 * Four-state writer close lifecycle. Only a successful underlying close confirms
 * `closed`. A failure certified to have happened BEFORE the OS close was dispatched
 * is `close_failed_retryable` (ownership of the numeric fd is still proven, so a
 * later retry/finalizer close is safe). Any exception from an actually dispatched
 * close call is terminal `close_unknown`: the numeric fd cannot be safely retried
 * or finalizer-closed, and the writer blocks strict deletion.
 */
export type SessionStorageWriterCloseState = "open" | "close_failed_retryable" | "close_unknown" | "closed";

/**
 * Thrown by a {@link SessionStorageWriterCloseAdapter} to certify that a close
 * failure occurred BEFORE the real OS close (`fs.closeSync`-equivalent) was ever
 * dispatched. Because no OS close ran, the numeric fd is still owned and a retry
 * is safe. Any other thrown value is treated as a dispatched close failure
 * (`close_unknown`) and forbids retry/finalizer close of that fd.
 */
export class SessionStorageWriterRetryableCloseError extends Error {
	override readonly name = "SessionStorageWriterRetryableCloseError";
	constructor(message?: string, options?: ErrorOptions) {
		super(message ?? "Certified pre-dispatch writer close failure", options);
	}
}

/**
 * Injectable dispatcher for the numeric-fd OS close. The default implementation
 * calls `fs.closeSync(fd)`. Tests inject adapters that throw
 * {@link SessionStorageWriterRetryableCloseError} to certify a pre-dispatch
 * failure, or that call the real close and throw to simulate a dispatched
 * failure (`close_unknown`).
 */
export interface SessionStorageWriterCloseAdapter {
	close(fd: number): void;
}
/** Bounded buffered-writer capacity limits. */
export const SESSION_STORAGE_BUFFERED_WRITER_MIN_BYTES = 64 * 1024;
export const SESSION_STORAGE_BUFFERED_WRITER_MAX_BYTES = 512 * 1024;
export const SESSION_STORAGE_BUFFERED_WRITER_DEFAULT_BYTES = 256 * 1024;

/**
 * Counters for a synchronous buffered sidecar writer. `bytesWritten` and
 * `writeCalls` count operations against the backend, not calls accepted into
 * the in-process buffer.
 */
export interface SessionStorageBufferedWriterInstrumentation {
	readonly bytesSubmitted: number;
	readonly bytesWritten: number;
	readonly writeCalls: number;
	readonly flushCalls: number;
	readonly bufferedBytes: number;
}

/** Options for opening a {@link SessionStorageWriter}. */
export interface SessionStorageWriterOpenOptions {
	flags?: "a" | "w";
	onError?: (err: Error) => void;
	/** Injectable OS-close dispatcher; defaults to `fs.closeSync`. */
	closeAdapter?: SessionStorageWriterCloseAdapter;
	/** Opaque authority for default-computed managed destinations only. */
	securityContext?: SessionStorageSecurityContext;
	/** Enable bounded synchronous buffering for disposable sidecar writes. */
	bufferSize?: number;
}

/**
 * Immutable authority attached only to a computed managed session destination.
 * A caller-supplied pathname never receives this capability, even when it
 * happens to equal the current default session directory.
 */
export interface ManagedSessionSecurityContext {
	readonly kind: "managed";
	readonly agentDir: string;
	/** Logical profile root for process-local caches; distinct from managed pathname authority. */
	readonly profileAgentDir: string;
	readonly sessionsRoot: string;
	readonly sessionDir: string;
	readonly rootAuthority: ManagedDirectoryRoot;
	readonly retainedAuthority?: native.RecoveryFsRoot;
}

const managedSecurityContexts = new WeakSet<ManagedSessionSecurityContext>();

/** @internal Create the only accepted managed writer authority object. */
export function createManagedSessionSecurityContext(input: {
	agentDir: string;
	/** Optional for compatibility with existing authority-only callers. */
	profileAgentDir?: string;
	sessionsRoot: string;
	sessionDir: string;
	rootAuthority: ManagedDirectoryRoot;
	retainedAuthority?: native.RecoveryFsRoot;
}): ManagedSessionSecurityContext {
	const context = Object.freeze({
		kind: "managed" as const,
		...input,
		profileAgentDir: input.profileAgentDir ?? input.agentDir,
	});
	managedSecurityContexts.add(context);
	return context;
}

export type SessionStorageSecurityContext = ManagedSessionSecurityContext | undefined;

export interface SessionStorageWriter {
	writeLine(line: string): Promise<void>;
	/**
	 * Synchronously append a single line. Returns once the bytes are handed to the kernel
	 * (page cache), so the data survives a non-graceful process death (OOM, SIGKILL, etc.)
	 * even though it has not yet been fsynced to the underlying disk.
	 *
	 * `line` MUST already include the trailing newline. Throws synchronously on I/O error.
	 */
	writeLineSync(line: string): void;
	flush(): Promise<void>;
	fsync(): Promise<void>;
	/** Synchronously fsync all prior writes when the backend supports durable sidecar publication. */
	fsyncSync?(): void;
	/** Descriptor-bound identity captured from the still-open writer after fsync. */
	statSync?(): SessionStorageStat;
	close(): Promise<void>;
	/**
	 * Synchronously close the underlying descriptor. The certainty-aware close
	 * state is updated synchronously and any close failure throws before this
	 * returns, so sync callers (atomic rewrite) can observe a close failure
	 * before proceeding to rename. Mirrors {@link close} semantics exactly.
	 */
	closeSync(): void;
	getError(): Error | undefined;
	/** Current certainty-aware close lifecycle state. */
	getCloseState(): SessionStorageWriterCloseState;
	/** Stored error for non-success close states (`close_failed_retryable`/`close_unknown`). */
	getCloseError(): Error | undefined;
}

/** Synchronous byte-oriented writer with bounded buffering for disposable sidecars. */
export interface SessionStorageBufferedWriter extends SessionStorageWriter {
	/** Append already-serialized bytes; the caller's view may be reused on return. */
	writeBytesSync(bytes: Uint8Array): void;
	/** Flush pending bytes to the backend without synchronizing them to stable storage. */
	flushSync(): void;
	/** Flush pending bytes, then synchronize the backend. */
	fsyncSync(): void;
	/** Flush pending bytes, then close the backend descriptor. */
	closeSync(): void;
	/** Snapshot backend-write counters and current pending capacity. */
	getInstrumentation(): SessionStorageBufferedWriterInstrumentation;
}
// =============================================================================
// Staged streaming writer contract (two-pass fork publication, immutable destinations)
// =============================================================================

/** Upper bound for one staged line (excluding the trailing newline). */
export const STAGED_WRITER_LINE_MAX_BYTES = 64 * 1024 * 1024;
/** Upper bound for aggregated different-length patches buffered for the publish-time overlay pass. */
export const STAGED_WRITER_PATCH_LIMIT_BYTES = 8 * 1024 * 1024;
export const STAGED_WRITER_PATCH_MAX_COUNT = 65_536;
export const STAGED_MEMORY_WRITER_MAX_BYTES = 20 * 1024 * 1024;
export const STAGED_MEMORY_WRITER_MAX_LINES = STAGED_WRITER_PATCH_MAX_COUNT + 1;
const STAGED_WRITER_COPY_CHUNK_BYTES = 64 * 1024;

/**
 * Bounded staged streaming writer for one immutable one-shot destination (fork /
 * capture). Lines are streamed to a sibling staging file; {@link publishNoReplace}
 * atomically publishes the staged file only while the destination is still absent,
 * so publication never materializes the whole file in memory. Different-length
 * {@link patchLine} replacements are buffered (bounded) and applied by a second
 * bounded streaming pass at publish time.
 *
 * `publishNoReplace` is reserved for immutable one-shot destinations and must never
 * be used for the mutable `.spill.commit` marker (checked create/replace helpers
 * exist for that path).
 */
export interface StagedStreamingWriter {
	/** Append one complete line; the writer adds the trailing newline. */
	writeLine(bytes: Uint8Array): void;
	/** Move the line cursor to `ordinal` (0-based) so a later patchLine targets it. */
	seekToLine(ordinal: number): void;
	/**
	 * Replace the line at `ordinal` with `bytes`. Same-length replacements are
	 * applied in place; different-length replacements are buffered (bounded) and
	 * applied by the publish-time overlay pass.
	 */
	patchLine(ordinal: number, bytes: Uint8Array): void;
	/** Hand buffered writes to the kernel (the staged descriptor is unbuffered). */
	flush(): void;
	/** Synchronize the staged file. */
	fsync(): void;
	/** Close the staged descriptor; required before {@link publishNoReplace}. */
	closeSync(): void;
	/** Atomically publish the staged file at the destination only while it is absent. */
	publishNoReplace(): void;
}

export interface SessionStorageExclusiveLock {
	releaseSync(): void;
}

export interface SessionStorage {
	ensureDirSync(dir: string): void;
	existsSync(path: string): boolean;
	writeTextSync(path: string, content: string): void;
	readTextSync(path: string): string;
	/** Exact on-disk bytes for strict read-only session inspection. */
	readBytesSync?(path: string): Uint8Array;
	/** Exact bytes and descriptor-bound identity captured from one opened regular file. */
	readSnapshotSync?(path: string): SessionStorageSnapshot;
	statSync(path: string): SessionStorageStat;
	listFilesSync(dir: string, pattern: string): string[];
	/** List matching files with mtimes without issuing one JavaScript stat call per path. */
	listFilesByMtime?(dir: string, pattern: string): Promise<Array<{ path: string; mtimeMs: number }>>;
	/**
	 * Strict directory scan that never suppresses scan/root errors. Used by strict
	 * authorization inventory; the forgiving {@link listFilesSync} stays display-only.
	 */
	listFilesStrictSync?(dir: string, pattern: string): string[];

	exists(path: string): Promise<boolean>;
	readText(path: string): Promise<string>;
	readTextPrefix(path: string, maxBytes: number): Promise<string>;
	writeText(path: string, content: string): Promise<void>;
	rename(path: string, nextPath: string): Promise<void>;
	renameSync(path: string, nextPath: string): void;
	/** Replace only while the destination still has the expected exact identity and bytes. */
	replaceExactSync?(
		sourcePath: string,
		destinationPath: string,
		expected: SessionStorageExactReplacementExpectation,
	): boolean;
	unlink(path: string): Promise<void>;
	unlinkSync(path: string): void;
	deleteSessionWithArtifacts(sessionPath: string): Promise<void>;
	/**
	 * Verified hard delete bound to exact identity evidence. Removes the verified
	 * artifact directory first, revalidates, and unlinks the transcript last. Returns
	 * typed partial-cleanup evidence for exact-identity retry; never returns success
	 * for a partial deletion.
	 */
	deleteSessionVerified?(target: VerifiedSessionDeleteTarget): Promise<VerifiedSessionDeleteResult>;
	openWriter(path: string, options?: SessionStorageWriterOpenOptions): SessionStorageWriter;
	/** Open a bounded synchronous byte-oriented writer for disposable sidecars. */
	openBufferedWriter?(path: string, options?: SessionStorageWriterOpenOptions): SessionStorageBufferedWriter;
	/** Bounded recorded-length read with descriptor identity validation (additive). */
	readRangeSync?(path: string, start: number, length: number): SessionStorageRangeSnapshot;
	/** Async bounded recorded-length read with descriptor identity validation (additive). */
	readRange?(path: string, start: number, length: number): Promise<SessionStorageRangeSnapshot>;
	/** Open a staged streaming writer for one immutable one-shot destination (additive). */
	openStagedWriter?(path: string, options?: SessionStorageWriterOpenOptions): StagedStreamingWriter;
	/** Acquire an owner-bound exclusive lock; returns undefined while another owner holds it. */
	acquireExclusiveLockSync?(
		path: string,
		options?: { securityContext?: SessionStorageSecurityContext },
	): SessionStorageExclusiveLock | undefined;
}

// =============================================================================
// Verified hard-delete identity + typed partial-cleanup evidence
// =============================================================================

/** Exact authorization evidence for a transcript or artifact path. */
export interface SessionStorageFileIdentity {
	dev: bigint;
	ino: bigint;
	nlink?: bigint;
	size: number;
	mtimeNs: bigint;
	sha256: string;
}

/** Kind of verification failure surfaced by {@link deleteSessionVerified}. */
export type VerifiedDeleteFailureKind =
	| "containment"
	| "symlink"
	| "stat"
	| "identity"
	| "header"
	| "cwd"
	| "artifacts";

/**
 * Thrown by {@link deleteSessionVerified} when canonical containment, transcript
 * non-symlink/identity, header id/cwd, parent identity, or artifact identity
 * verification fails. These are visible, sanitized failures: they never mutate
 * the transcript or artifacts and grant zero authority.
 */
export class SessionDeleteVerificationError extends Error {
	readonly kind: VerifiedDeleteFailureKind;
	constructor(kind: VerifiedDeleteFailureKind, message: string, options?: ErrorOptions) {
		super(message, options);
		this.name = "SessionDeleteVerificationError";
		this.kind = kind;
	}
}

/**
 * Exact identity evidence a verified hard delete binds to. All fields are captured
 * at authorization time; delete revalidates each one before any mutation. Retry
 * after a partial cleanup supplies the recorded artifact identity via
 * {@link expectedArtifactsIdentity}.
 */
export interface VerifiedSessionDeleteTarget {
	/** Canonical sessions root; the transcript must be contained within it. */
	sessionsRoot: string;
	/** Canonical transcript path (absolute `*.jsonl`). */
	transcriptPath: string;
	/** Expected session id parsed from the header. */
	sessionId: string;
	/** Expected canonical cwd parsed from the header. */
	cwd: string;
	/** Expected transcript file `(dev, ino)` captured at authorization. */
	transcriptIdentity: SessionStorageFileIdentity;
	transcriptParentIdentity?: { dev: bigint; ino: bigint };
	/**
	 * For retry after an `artifacts` `cleanup_pending`: the recorded artifact
	 * directory identity to re-accept. A replacement/different artifact directory
	 * fails closed. Omit on first attempt or to accept recorded absence.
	 */
	expectedArtifactsIdentity?: SessionStorageFileIdentity;
	artifactsAbsentAtAuthorization?: true;
	/** Stable native recursive-tree evidence captured before artifact detachment. */
	expectedArtifactsTree?: NativeDirectoryTreeSnapshot;
	/** Identity-bound quarantine path retained when recursive artifact cleanup failed. */
	detachedArtifactsPath?: string;
	/** Identity-bound quarantine path retained when transcript unlink deferred cleanup. */
	detachedTranscriptPath?: string;
	/** Native-retained publisher successor observed during transcript cleanup. */
	retainedTranscriptSuccessorPath?: string;
	/** Native-retained exchange placeholder observed during transcript cleanup. */
	retainedTranscriptPlaceholderPath?: string;
	/** Native-retained transcript entry whose identity could not be verified. */
	retainedTranscriptUnknownPath?: string;
	/** Native-retained publisher successor observed during cleanup. */
	retainedArtifactsSuccessorPath?: string;
	/** Native-retained exchange placeholder observed during cleanup. */
	retainedArtifactsPlaceholderPath?: string;
	/** Native-retained entry whose identity could not be verified. */
	retainedArtifactsUnknownPath?: string;

	/** Caller-published, no-replace quarantine pathname for the next artifact detach. */
	plannedArtifactsPath?: string;
	/** Caller-published, no-replace quarantine pathname for the next transcript detach. */
	plannedTranscriptPath?: string;
	/** Set only after a durable caller receipt records successful artifact removal. */
	artifactsRemoved?: true;
}

/**
 * Outcome of a verified hard delete. Artifact removal happens first; only after
 * revalidation is the transcript unlinked last. A partial deletion returns
 * `cleanup_pending` with exact evidence for same-connection retry — never
 * `deleted` and never `{}`.
 */
export type VerifiedSessionDeleteResult =
	| { kind: "artifacts_removed"; phase: "artifacts"; transcriptIdentity: SessionStorageFileIdentity }
	| { kind: "deleted" }
	| {
			kind: "cleanup_pending";
			phase: "artifacts";
			error: Error;
			/** Artifact directory identity at failure time; undefined when absent. */
			artifactsIdentity: SessionStorageFileIdentity | undefined;
			/** Identity-bound quarantine path retained when recursive cleanup failed. */
			detachedArtifactsPath: string;
			artifactsPayloadDurable?: true;
			/** Native snapshot required for an identity-bound recursive retry. */
			artifactsTree: NativeDirectoryTreeSnapshot;
			/** Transcript identity (unchanged) for retry binding. */
			transcriptIdentity: SessionStorageFileIdentity;
			retainedSuccessorPath?: string;
			retainedPlaceholderPath?: string;
			retainedUnknownPath?: string;
	  }
	| {
			kind: "cleanup_pending";
			phase: "transcript";
			error: Error;
			/** Transcript identity at failure time for retry binding. */
			transcriptIdentity: SessionStorageFileIdentity;
			/** Optional identity-bound transcript quarantine path for restart cleanup. */
			detachedTranscriptPath?: string;
			transcriptPayloadDurable?: true;
			retainedSuccessorPath?: string;
			retainedPlaceholderPath?: string;
			retainedUnknownPath?: string;
	  };

/** Default OS-close dispatcher: a direct `fs.closeSync`. */
const defaultCloseAdapter: SessionStorageWriterCloseAdapter = {
	close(fd: number): void {
		fs.closeSync(fd);
	},
};

type NativeExactUnlinkResult =
	| {
			ok: true;
			detachedPath?: string;
			retainedSuccessorPath?: string;
			retainedPlaceholderPath?: string;
			retainedUnknownPath?: string;
	  }
	| {
			ok: false;
			code: string;
			detachedPath?: string;
			retainedSuccessorPath?: string;
			retainedPlaceholderPath?: string;
			retainedUnknownPath?: string;
	  };
type NativeExactUnlink = (
	path: string,
	identity: {
		dev: bigint;
		ino: bigint;
		nlink?: bigint;
		size: bigint;
		mtimeNs: bigint;
		parentDev?: bigint;
		parentIno?: bigint;
		/** Required for regular-file deletion; directories are identity-bound only. */
		sha256?: string;
		directory?: boolean;
		/** Optional caller-planned no-replace quarantine destination component. */
		quarantineName?: string;
	},
) => NativeExactUnlinkResult;

function nativeExactUnlink(
	pathname: string,
	identity: {
		dev: bigint;
		ino: bigint;
		nlink?: bigint;
		size: bigint;
		mtimeNs: bigint;
		/** Required for regular-file deletion; directories are identity-bound only. */
		sha256?: string;
		parentDev?: bigint;
		parentIno?: bigint;
		directory?: boolean;
		quarantineName?: string;
	},
): NativeExactUnlinkResult {
	return (nativeSessionStorage().exactUnlink as unknown as NativeExactUnlink)(pathname, identity);
}

type NativeDirectoryTreeEntry = {
	relativePath: string;
	kind: string;
	dev: string;
	ino: string;
	nlink: string;
	size: string;
	mtimeNs: string;
	ctimeNs: string;
	sha256?: string;
};
export type NativeDirectoryTreeSnapshot = {
	rootDev: string;
	rootIno: string;
	entries: NativeDirectoryTreeEntry[];
};
type NativeDirectoryTreeResult =
	| { ok: true; snapshot: NativeDirectoryTreeSnapshot }
	| { ok: false; code: string; snapshot?: undefined };
type NativeDirectoryTreeApi = {
	snapshotDirectoryTree(pathname: string): NativeDirectoryTreeResult;
	exactRemoveDirectoryTree(
		pathname: string,
		snapshot: NativeDirectoryTreeSnapshot,
		parentIdentity: { dev: bigint; ino: bigint },
	): NativeExactUnlinkResult;
};
function nativeDirectoryTreeApi(): NativeDirectoryTreeApi {
	return nativeSessionStorage() as unknown as NativeDirectoryTreeApi;
}

function snapshotDirectoryTree(pathname: string): NativeDirectoryTreeSnapshot {
	const result = nativeDirectoryTreeApi().snapshotDirectoryTree(pathname);
	if (!result.ok || !result.snapshot)
		throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
			"artifacts",
			`Native artifact snapshot rejected: ${result.ok ? "missing_snapshot" : result.code}`,
		);
	return result.snapshot;
}
function retainedTreeDoesNotExpandAuthority(
	expected: NativeDirectoryTreeSnapshot,
	retained: NativeDirectoryTreeSnapshot,
): boolean {
	if (expected.rootDev !== retained.rootDev || expected.rootIno !== retained.rootIno) return false;
	const expectedEntries = new Map(expected.entries.map(entry => [entry.relativePath, entry]));
	if (retained.entries.length > expected.entries.length) return false;
	return retained.entries.every(entry => {
		if (entry.relativePath === "") return entry.kind === "directory";
		const authorized = expectedEntries.get(entry.relativePath);
		if (
			authorized === undefined ||
			authorized.kind !== entry.kind ||
			authorized.dev !== entry.dev ||
			authorized.ino !== entry.ino ||
			authorized.nlink !== entry.nlink
		)
			return false;
		if (entry.kind !== "file") return entry.size === authorized.size;
		const scrubbed = entry.size === "0" && entry.sha256 === createHash("sha256").update("").digest("hex");
		return scrubbed || (entry.size === authorized.size && entry.sha256 === authorized.sha256);
	});
}

function removeDirectoryTreeExact(
	pathname: string,
	snapshot: NativeDirectoryTreeSnapshot,
	parentIdentity: { dev: bigint; ino: bigint },
): NativeExactUnlinkResult {
	return nativeDirectoryTreeApi().exactRemoveDirectoryTree(pathname, snapshot, parentIdentity);
}

function exactUnlinkFailure(result: NativeExactUnlinkResult): SessionDeleteVerificationError {
	if (result.ok) throw new Error("Expected exact unlink failure");
	const kind: VerifiedDeleteFailureKind =
		result.code === "reparse_point" || result.code === "not_regular_file"
			? "symlink"
			: result.code === "identity_mismatch"
				? "identity"
				: "stat";
	return new SessionDeleteVerificationError(kind, `Exact transcript deletion rejected: ${result.code}`);
}
/**
 * A transcript-phase exact unlink is terminal when no live bytes survive. The
 * native exchange-placeholder protocol on POSIX always retains a zero-length,
 * descriptor-scrubbed, fsync'd internal recovery entry after scrubbing the
 * detached transcript; `payloadDurable` proves the payload was destroyed before
 * that entry was retained, so a placeholder alone never keeps transcript bytes
 * alive. A retained successor or unknown path is genuine uncertainty and must
 * stay `cleanup_pending`.
 */
function transcriptDeletionTerminal(result: NativeExactUnlinkResult): boolean {
	if (result.ok) return true;
	return (
		result.code === "cleanup_pending" &&
		(result as typeof result & { payloadDurable?: boolean }).payloadDurable === true &&
		result.retainedSuccessorPath === undefined &&
		result.retainedUnknownPath === undefined
	);
}

function isValidManagedSecurityContext(value: SessionStorageSecurityContext): value is ManagedSessionSecurityContext {
	if (
		value?.kind !== "managed" ||
		!Object.isFrozen(value) ||
		!managedSecurityContexts.has(value) ||
		!pathIsWithin(value.agentDir, value.sessionsRoot) ||
		!pathIsWithin(value.sessionsRoot, value.sessionDir)
	) {
		return false;
	}
	assertManagedDirectoryRoot(value.rootAuthority);
	if (!pathIsWithin(value.rootAuthority.canonicalPath, value.agentDir)) return false;
	return true;
}

function secureOwnerOnlyFileDescriptor(
	pathname: string,
	fd: number,
	operation: "apply" | "verify",
	securityContext: SessionStorageSecurityContext,
): void {
	if (securityContext && !isValidManagedSecurityContext(securityContext))
		throw new Error("Invalid managed session security context");
	if (securityContext) {
		const root = fs.lstatSync(securityContext.rootAuthority.canonicalPath, { bigint: true });
		if (
			!root.isDirectory() ||
			root.isSymbolicLink() ||
			root.dev !== securityContext.rootAuthority.dev ||
			root.ino !== securityContext.rootAuthority.ino
		)
			throw new Error("Managed writer root authority changed");
		if (securityContext.retainedAuthority) {
			const relative = path.relative(securityContext.sessionDir, pathname).split(path.sep).join("/");
			const retained = securityContext.retainedAuthority.stat(relative);
			const opened = fs.fstatSync(fd, { bigint: true });
			if (
				!retained.ok ||
				!retained.identity ||
				retained.identity.dev !== opened.dev.toString() ||
				retained.identity.ino !== opened.ino.toString() ||
				retained.identity.nlink !== opened.nlink.toString()
			)
				throw new Error("Managed writer descriptor escaped retained authority");
		}
	}
	if (process.platform !== "linux" || !securityContext) {
		if (operation === "apply") {
			const applied = validateNativeSecurityResult(
				nativeSessionStorage().applyOwnerOnlyPathSecurity(pathname, "file"),
				"apply",
				"file",
			);
			if (!applied.ok) throw new Error(`Owner-only security rejected ${pathname}: ${applied.code}`);
		}
		const verified = validateNativeSecurityResult(
			nativeSessionStorage().verifyOwnerOnlyPathSecurity(pathname, "file"),
			"verify",
			"file",
		);
		if (!verified.ok) throw new Error(`Owner-only security rejected ${pathname}: ${verified.code}`);
		return;
	}
	if (!pathIsWithin(securityContext.sessionDir, pathname))
		throw new Error(`Managed writer escaped its session directory: ${pathname}`);
	const result = validateNativeSecurityResult(
		operation === "apply"
			? nativeSessionStorage().applyOwnerOnlyFdSecurity(pathname, "file", fd)
			: nativeSessionStorage().verifyOwnerOnlyFdSecurity(pathname, "file", fd),
		operation,
		"file",
	);
	if (!result.ok) throw new Error(`Owner-only security rejected ${pathname}: ${result.code}`);
}

/** Reject a symlink/junction/reparse component before a storage path is created or opened. */
function assertNoReparsePath(pathname: string): void {
	const resolved = path.resolve(pathname);
	const parsed = path.parse(resolved);
	let current = parsed.root;
	for (const part of resolved.slice(parsed.root.length).split(path.sep)) {
		if (!part) continue;
		current = path.join(current, part);
		try {
			if (fs.lstatSync(current).isSymbolicLink()) throw new Error(`Unsafe reparse storage path: ${current}`);
		} catch (error) {
			if ((error as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code !== "ENOENT") throw error;
		}
	}
}
// =============================================================================
// Commit-marker checked create/replace (mutable `.spill.commit` publication)
// =============================================================================

function fsyncDirectorySync(pathname: string): void {
	if (!shouldFsyncManagedDirectory()) return;
	const fd = fs.openSync(pathname, fs.constants.O_RDONLY | fs.constants.O_DIRECTORY);
	try {
		fs.fsyncSync(fd);
	} finally {
		fs.closeSync(fd);
	}
}

/** Best-effort identity-checked removal of one of our own staged temp names. */
function unlinkOwnedStagedSync(stagingPath: string, expected: { dev: bigint; ino: bigint }): void {
	let fd: number | undefined;
	try {
		const named = fs.lstatSync(stagingPath, { bigint: true });
		if (!named.isFile() || named.isSymbolicLink() || named.dev !== expected.dev || named.ino !== expected.ino) return;
		fd = fs.openSync(stagingPath, fs.constants.O_RDONLY | (fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0));
		const opened = fs.fstatSync(fd, { bigint: true });
		if (
			!opened.isFile() ||
			opened.dev !== named.dev ||
			opened.ino !== named.ino ||
			opened.nlink !== named.nlink ||
			opened.size !== named.size ||
			opened.mtimeNs !== named.mtimeNs ||
			opened.ctimeNs !== named.ctimeNs
		)
			return;
		const hash = createHash("sha256");
		const buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(64 * 1024);
		let offset = 0;
		while (offset < Number(opened.size)) {
			const length = Math.min(buffer.byteLength, Number(opened.size) - offset);
			const count = fs.readSync(fd, buffer, 0, length, offset);
			if (count === 0) return;
			hash.update(buffer.subarray(0, count));
			offset += count;
		}
		const after = fs.fstatSync(fd, { bigint: true });
		if (
			after.dev !== opened.dev ||
			after.ino !== opened.ino ||
			after.nlink !== opened.nlink ||
			after.size !== opened.size ||
			after.mtimeNs !== opened.mtimeNs ||
			after.ctimeNs !== opened.ctimeNs
		)
			return;
		exactRemoveSessionStorageLockPath(stagingPath, after, hash.digest("hex"), after.nlink > 1n);
	} catch {
		// ENOENT means the name was already consumed or removed; cleanup is best-effort.
	} finally {
		if (fd !== undefined) fs.closeSync(fd);
	}
}

function sameDescriptorIdentity(left: SessionStorageStat, right: SessionStorageStat): boolean {
	return (
		left.dev === right.dev &&
		left.ino === right.ino &&
		left.nlink === right.nlink &&
		left.size === right.size &&
		left.mtimeNs === right.mtimeNs &&
		left.ctimeNs === right.ctimeNs
	);
}

/** Physically observed commit-marker state; corrupt JSON is still `present`. */
export type SessionCommitMarkerState =
	| { kind: "missing" }
	| { kind: "present"; rawBytesSha256: string; stat: SessionStorageStat };

/** Exact `present` expectation for one checked commit-marker replacement. */
export interface SessionCommitMarkerPresentExpectation {
	/** SHA-256 of the exact raw marker bytes physically on disk (corrupt JSON included). */
	rawBytesSha256: string;
	/** Descriptor snapshot of the marker object expected to be replaced. */
	descriptorIdentity: SessionStorageStat;
}

/** Snapshot one commit marker's physical state without granting write authority. */
export function readSessionCommitMarkerSync(storage: SessionStorage, markerPath: string): SessionCommitMarkerState {
	if (!storage.existsSync(markerPath)) return { kind: "missing" };
	if (!storage.readBytesSync) throw new Error("Commit marker reads require exact-bytes storage");
	const bytes = storage.readBytesSync(markerPath);
	const stat = storage.statSync(markerPath);
	return { kind: "present", rawBytesSha256: createHash("sha256").update(bytes).digest("hex"), stat };
}

/**
 * Checked commit-marker create: publishes only while the marker is still `missing`.
 * Temp + fsync + atomic create-if-absent + directory fsync (file backend); the
 * in-memory backend mirrors the same missing-expectation abort. Leftover temps are
 * removed on any failure. Runs inside the caller's persistence fence.
 */
export function createSessionCommitMarkerCheckedSync(
	storage: SessionStorage,
	markerPath: string,
	bytes: Uint8Array,
	options?: { securityContext?: SessionStorageSecurityContext },
): void {
	if (storage instanceof FileSessionStorage) {
		createFileCommitMarkerCheckedSync(storage, markerPath, bytes, options?.securityContext);
		return;
	}
	if (storage instanceof MemorySessionStorage) {
		if (storage.existsSync(markerPath)) throw new Error("commit_marker_expected_missing");
		storage.writeTextSync(markerPath, Buffer.from(bytes).toString("utf8"));
		return;
	}
	throw new Error("Commit marker checked publication requires a file or memory storage backend");
}

/**
 * Checked commit-marker replace: replaces only on an exact `present` raw/hash +
 * descriptor identity match (corrupt-present included). Temp + fsync + checked
 * atomic rename + directory fsync (file backend); any mismatch aborts with the
 * current marker untouched. The in-memory backend mirrors the same aborts. Runs
 * inside the caller's persistence fence.
 */
export function replaceSessionCommitMarkerCheckedSync(
	storage: SessionStorage,
	markerPath: string,
	bytes: Uint8Array,
	expected: SessionCommitMarkerPresentExpectation,
	options?: { securityContext?: SessionStorageSecurityContext },
): void {
	if (storage instanceof FileSessionStorage) {
		replaceFileCommitMarkerCheckedSync(storage, markerPath, bytes, expected, options?.securityContext);
		return;
	}
	if (storage instanceof MemorySessionStorage) {
		replaceMemoryCommitMarkerCheckedSync(storage, markerPath, bytes, expected);
		return;
	}
	throw new Error("Commit marker checked publication requires a file or memory storage backend");
}

function createFileCommitMarkerCheckedSync(
	_storage: FileSessionStorage,
	markerPath: string,
	bytes: Uint8Array,
	securityContext: SessionStorageSecurityContext,
): void {
	const dir = path.dirname(markerPath);
	assertNoReparsePath(dir);
	if (!fs.existsSync(dir)) fs.mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true, mode: 0o700 });
	assertNoReparsePath(markerPath);
	const tempPath = path.join(dir, `.${path.basename(markerPath)}.${randomUUID()}.tmp`);
	let fd: number | undefined;
	let stagedIdentity: { dev: bigint; ino: bigint } | undefined;
	let failure: unknown;
	let outcome: NativePublishOutcome | undefined;
	let linkPublished = false;
	try {
		fd = fs.openSync(
			tempPath,
			fs.constants.O_CREAT | fs.constants.O_EXCL | fs.constants.O_WRONLY | (fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0),
			0o600,
		);
		secureOwnerOnlyFileDescriptor(tempPath, fd, "apply", securityContext);
		const opened = fs.fstatSync(fd, { bigint: true });
		stagedIdentity = { dev: opened.dev, ino: opened.ino };
		let offset = 0;
		while (offset < bytes.byteLength) {
			const written = fs.writeSync(fd, bytes, offset, bytes.byteLength - offset);
			if (written === 0) throw new Error("Short write");
			offset += written;
		}
		fs.fsyncSync(fd);
		secureOwnerOnlyFileDescriptor(tempPath, fd, "verify", securityContext);
		const staged = fs.fstatSync(fd, { bigint: true });
		stagedIdentity = { dev: staged.dev, ino: staged.ino };
		fs.closeSync(fd);
		fd = undefined;

		outcome = classifyNativePublishOutcome(nativeSessionStorage().renameNoReplacePath(tempPath, markerPath));
		if (renameFlagsUnsupported(outcome)) {
			outcome = classifyNativePublishOutcome(nativeSessionStorage().linkNoReplacePath(tempPath, markerPath));
			linkPublished = outcome.ok;
		}
		if (!outcome.ok) {
			if (outcome.reason === "destination_exists") throw new Error("commit_marker_expected_missing");
			throw new Error(`commit_marker_create_rejected:${outcome.reason}`);
		}
		const named = fs.lstatSync(markerPath, { bigint: true });
		if (
			!named.isFile() ||
			named.isSymbolicLink() ||
			named.dev !== stagedIdentity.dev ||
			named.ino !== stagedIdentity.ino
		)
			throw new Error("destination_identity_changed");
		fsyncDirectorySync(dir);
	} catch (error) {
		failure = error;
	} finally {
		if (fd !== undefined) fs.closeSync(fd);
		if (stagedIdentity && (outcome === undefined || linkPublished || mayCleanCurrentStaging(outcome))) {
			unlinkOwnedStagedSync(tempPath, stagedIdentity);
		}
	}
	if (failure !== undefined) throw failure;
}

function replaceFileCommitMarkerCheckedSync(
	storage: FileSessionStorage,
	markerPath: string,
	bytes: Uint8Array,
	expected: SessionCommitMarkerPresentExpectation,
	securityContext: SessionStorageSecurityContext,
): void {
	// Expected-state check runs before any mutation (inside the caller's fence).
	const current = readSessionCommitMarkerSync(storage, markerPath);
	if (current.kind !== "present") throw new Error("commit_marker_expected_present");
	if (current.rawBytesSha256 !== expected.rawBytesSha256) throw new Error("commit_marker_raw_hash_mismatch");
	if (!sameDescriptorIdentity(current.stat, expected.descriptorIdentity))
		throw new Error("commit_marker_identity_mismatch");

	const dir = path.dirname(markerPath);
	const parentIdentity = fs.statSync(dir, { bigint: true });
	const tempPath = path.join(dir, `.${path.basename(markerPath)}.${randomUUID()}.tmp`);
	let fd: number | undefined;
	let staged: fs.BigIntStats | undefined;
	let stagedIdentity: { dev: bigint; ino: bigint } | undefined;
	const stagedSha256 = createHash("sha256").update(bytes).digest("hex");
	let failure: unknown;
	try {
		fd = fs.openSync(
			tempPath,
			fs.constants.O_CREAT | fs.constants.O_EXCL | fs.constants.O_WRONLY | (fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0),
			0o600,
		);
		secureOwnerOnlyFileDescriptor(tempPath, fd, "apply", securityContext);
		const opened = fs.fstatSync(fd, { bigint: true });
		stagedIdentity = { dev: opened.dev, ino: opened.ino };
		let offset = 0;
		while (offset < bytes.byteLength) {
			const written = fs.writeSync(fd, bytes, offset, bytes.byteLength - offset);
			if (written === 0) throw new Error("Short write");
			offset += written;
		}
		fs.fsyncSync(fd);
		secureOwnerOnlyFileDescriptor(tempPath, fd, "verify", securityContext);
		staged = fs.fstatSync(fd, { bigint: true });
		fs.closeSync(fd);
		fd = undefined;

		// Checked atomic rename: replaces the destination only while it is still the
		// expected marker object (exact dev/ino/nlink/size/mtimeNs + raw sha256).
		const replaced = nativeSessionStorage().exactReplacePath(
			tempPath,
			markerPath,
			{
				dev: staged.dev,
				ino: staged.ino,
				nlink: staged.nlink,
				parentDev: parentIdentity.dev,
				parentIno: parentIdentity.ino,
				size: BigInt(bytes.byteLength),
				mtimeNs: staged.mtimeNs,
				sha256: stagedSha256,
			},
			{
				dev: expected.descriptorIdentity.dev,
				ino: expected.descriptorIdentity.ino,
				nlink: expected.descriptorIdentity.nlink,
				parentDev: parentIdentity.dev,
				parentIno: parentIdentity.ino,
				size: BigInt(expected.descriptorIdentity.size),
				mtimeNs: expected.descriptorIdentity.mtimeNs,
				sha256: expected.rawBytesSha256,
			},
		);
		if (!replaced.ok) throw new Error(`commit_marker_replace_rejected:${replaced.code ?? "unknown"}`);
		const named = fs.lstatSync(markerPath, { bigint: true });
		if (!named.isFile() || named.isSymbolicLink() || named.dev !== staged.dev || named.ino !== staged.ino)
			throw new Error("destination_identity_changed");
		fsyncDirectorySync(dir);
	} catch (error) {
		failure = error;
	} finally {
		if (fd !== undefined) fs.closeSync(fd);
		if (staged) unlinkOwnedStagedSync(tempPath, { dev: staged.dev, ino: staged.ino });
		else if (stagedIdentity) unlinkOwnedStagedSync(tempPath, stagedIdentity);
	}
	if (failure !== undefined) throw failure;
}

function replaceMemoryCommitMarkerCheckedSync(
	storage: MemorySessionStorage,
	markerPath: string,
	bytes: Uint8Array,
	expected: SessionCommitMarkerPresentExpectation,
): void {
	const current = readSessionCommitMarkerSync(storage, markerPath);
	if (current.kind !== "present") throw new Error("commit_marker_expected_present");
	if (current.rawBytesSha256 !== expected.rawBytesSha256) throw new Error("commit_marker_raw_hash_mismatch");
	if (!sameDescriptorIdentity(current.stat, expected.descriptorIdentity))
		throw new Error("commit_marker_identity_mismatch");
	storage.writeTextSync(markerPath, Buffer.from(bytes).toString("utf8"));
}

// FinalizationRegistry to clean up leaked file descriptors
const writerRegistry = new FinalizationRegistry<number>(fd => {
	try {
		fs.closeSync(fd);
	} catch {
		// Ignore - fd may already be closed or invalid
	}
});

class FileSessionStorageWriter implements SessionStorageBufferedWriter {
	#fd: number;
	#path: string;

	#closeState: SessionStorageWriterCloseState = "open";
	#closeError: Error | undefined;
	#error: Error | undefined;
	#onError: ((err: Error) => void) | undefined;
	#closeAdapter: SessionStorageWriterCloseAdapter;
	#securityContext: SessionStorageSecurityContext;

	#bufferSize: number | undefined;
	#buffer: Buffer | undefined;
	#bufferedBytes = 0;
	#bytesSubmitted = 0;
	#bytesWritten = 0;
	#writeCalls = 0;
	#flushCalls = 0;

	constructor(fpath: string, options?: SessionStorageWriterOpenOptions) {
		this.#onError = options?.onError;
		this.#closeAdapter = options?.closeAdapter ?? defaultCloseAdapter;
		this.#securityContext = options?.securityContext;
		this.#bufferSize =
			options?.bufferSize === undefined ? undefined : normalizeBufferedWriterCapacity(options.bufferSize);
		this.#buffer = this.#bufferSize === undefined ? undefined : Buffer.allocUnsafe(this.#bufferSize);
		const flags = options?.flags ?? "a";
		const dir = path.dirname(fpath);
		assertNoReparsePath(dir);
		if (!fs.existsSync(dir)) fs.mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true, mode: 0o700 });
		assertNoReparsePath(dir);
		assertNoReparsePath(fpath);
		// Never truncate before the descriptor and its terminal pathname have passed native security.
		const openFlags =
			(flags === "w"
				? fs.constants.O_WRONLY | fs.constants.O_CREAT
				: fs.constants.O_WRONLY | fs.constants.O_CREAT | fs.constants.O_APPEND) | (fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0);
		const fd = fs.openSync(fpath, openFlags, 0o600);
		try {
			secureOwnerOnlyFileDescriptor(fpath, fd, "apply", this.#securityContext);
			if (flags === "w") fs.ftruncateSync(fd, 0);
		} catch (error) {
			fs.closeSync(fd);
			throw error;
		}
		this.#fd = fd;
		this.#path = fpath;

		writerRegistry.register(this, this.#fd, this);
	}

	#recordError(err: unknown): Error {
		const error = toError(err);
		if (!this.#error) this.#error = error;
		this.#onError?.(error);
		return error;
	}

	/** Deterministic error for any non-open state: writes/flush reject without append/reopen. */
	#nonOpenWriteError(): Error {
		switch (this.#closeState) {
			case "closed":
				return new Error("Writer closed");
			case "close_unknown":
				return this.#closeError ?? new Error("Writer close outcome is unknown; descriptor quarantined");
			case "close_failed_retryable":
				return this.#closeError ?? new Error("Writer close failed before dispatch (retryable); writes rejected");
			default:
				return new Error("Writer closed");
		}
	}

	#assertOpen(): void {
		if (this.#closeState !== "open") throw this.#nonOpenWriteError();
		if (this.#error) throw this.#error;
	}

	#asBuffer(bytes: Uint8Array): Buffer {
		if (Buffer.isBuffer(bytes)) return bytes;
		return Buffer.from(bytes.buffer, bytes.byteOffset, bytes.byteLength);
	}

	#writeToKernel(bytes: Uint8Array): void {
		const buffer = this.#asBuffer(bytes);
		let offset = 0;
		while (offset < buffer.byteLength) {
			this.#writeCalls++;
			const written = fs.writeSync(this.#fd, buffer, offset, buffer.byteLength - offset);
			if (written === 0) throw new Error("Short write");
			offset += written;
			this.#bytesWritten += written;
		}
	}

	#flushPending(): void {
		this.#flushCalls++;
		if (!this.#buffer || this.#bufferedBytes === 0) return;
		this.#writeToKernel(this.#buffer.subarray(0, this.#bufferedBytes));
		this.#bufferedBytes = 0;
	}

	#appendBytes(bytes: Uint8Array): void {
		if (bytes.byteLength === 0) return;
		if (!this.#buffer || !this.#bufferSize) {
			this.#writeToKernel(bytes);
			return;
		}
		const source = this.#asBuffer(bytes);
		if (source.byteLength >= this.#bufferSize) {
			this.#flushPending();
			this.#writeToKernel(source);
			return;
		}
		if (this.#bufferedBytes + source.byteLength > this.#bufferSize) this.#flushPending();
		source.copy(this.#buffer, this.#bufferedBytes);
		this.#bufferedBytes += source.byteLength;
		if (this.#bufferedBytes === this.#bufferSize) this.#flushPending();
	}

	writeBytesSync(bytes: Uint8Array): void {
		this.#assertOpen();
		try {
			this.#appendBytes(bytes);
			this.#bytesSubmitted += bytes.byteLength;
		} catch (err) {
			throw this.#recordError(err);
		}
	}

	writeLineSync(line: string): void {
		this.writeBytesSync(Buffer.from(line, "utf-8"));
	}

	async writeLine(line: string): Promise<void> {
		this.writeLineSync(line);
	}

	flushSync(): void {
		this.#assertOpen();
		try {
			this.#flushPending();
		} catch (err) {
			throw this.#recordError(err);
		}
	}

	async flush(): Promise<void> {
		this.flushSync();
	}

	fsyncSync(): void {
		this.#assertOpen();
		try {
			this.#flushPending();
			fs.fsyncSync(this.#fd);
			secureOwnerOnlyFileDescriptor(this.#path, this.#fd, "verify", this.#securityContext);
		} catch (err) {
			throw this.#recordError(err);
		}
	}

	statSync(): SessionStorageStat {
		this.#assertOpen();
		return statFromNode(fs.fstatSync(this.#fd, { bigint: true }));
	}

	async fsync(): Promise<void> {
		this.fsyncSync();
	}

	closeSync(): void {
		// Repeated close after success is a harmless idempotent no-op.
		if (this.#closeState === "closed") return;
		// Dispatched close already threw: outcome is uncertain. Never dispatch OS close
		// for this numeric fd again; surface the stored non-quiescent error.
		if (this.#closeState === "close_unknown") throw this.#closeError!;

		let flushError: Error | undefined;
		if (!this.#error) {
			try {
				this.#flushPending();
			} catch (err) {
				flushError = this.#recordError(err);
			}
		}
		// State is "open" or "close_failed_retryable": a close may be dispatched.
		try {
			secureOwnerOnlyFileDescriptor(this.#path, this.#fd, "verify", this.#securityContext);
		} catch (err) {
			// Verification happens before the OS-close dispatch, so descriptor ownership remains proven.
			this.#closeState = "close_failed_retryable";
			this.#closeError = toError(err);
			throw this.#closeError;
		}
		try {
			this.#closeAdapter.close(this.#fd);
		} catch (err) {
			if (err instanceof SessionStorageWriterRetryableCloseError) {
				// Certified pre-dispatch failure: no OS close ran, ownership remains proven.
				// Keep the FinalizationRegistry registration so an abandoned retryable writer
				// can still be finalizer-closed.
				this.#closeState = "close_failed_retryable";
				this.#closeError = toError(err);
				throw this.#closeError;
			}
			// An actual close was dispatched then threw (or the adapter threw after
			// dispatching): ownership/outcome of the numeric fd is uncertain. Quarantine
			// the fd and suppress finalizer close so a reused fd is never closed twice.
			this.#closeState = "close_unknown";
			this.#closeError = toError(err);
			writerRegistry.unregister(this);
			throw this.#closeError;
		}
		// Successful underlying close confirms closed.
		this.#closeState = "closed";
		this.#closeError = undefined;
		this.#bufferedBytes = 0;
		writerRegistry.unregister(this);
		if (flushError) throw flushError;
	}

	async close(): Promise<void> {
		// The synchronous dispatch above has no internal await; delegating keeps the
		// async and sync close contracts observationally identical.
		this.closeSync();
	}

	getError(): Error | undefined {
		return this.#error;
	}

	getCloseState(): SessionStorageWriterCloseState {
		return this.#closeState;
	}

	getCloseError(): Error | undefined {
		return this.#closeError;
	}

	getInstrumentation(): SessionStorageBufferedWriterInstrumentation {
		return {
			bytesSubmitted: this.#bytesSubmitted,
			bytesWritten: this.#bytesWritten,
			writeCalls: this.#writeCalls,
			flushCalls: this.#flushCalls,
			bufferedBytes: this.#bufferedBytes,
		};
	}
}
/**
 * File-backend staged streaming writer: streams lines to a sibling staging file and
 * publishes no-replace to the immutable destination. Different-length patchLine
 * replacements are applied by a bounded publish-time second pass (64 KiB chunks),
 * so publication never materializes the whole file in memory.
 */
class FileStagedStreamingWriter implements StagedStreamingWriter {
	#fd: number;
	#stagingPath: string;
	#destinationPath: string;
	#securityContext: SessionStorageSecurityContext;
	#lineCount = 0;
	#pendingPatches = new Map<number, Uint8Array>();
	#pendingPatchBytes = 0;
	#closed = false;
	#published = false;
	#error: Error | undefined;

	constructor(destinationPath: string, options?: SessionStorageWriterOpenOptions) {
		this.#securityContext = options?.securityContext;
		const dir = path.dirname(destinationPath);
		assertNoReparsePath(dir);
		if (!fs.existsSync(dir)) fs.mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true, mode: 0o700 });
		assertNoReparsePath(dir);
		this.#destinationPath = destinationPath;
		this.#stagingPath = path.join(dir, `.${path.basename(destinationPath)}.${randomUUID()}.staged`);
		const fd = fs.openSync(
			this.#stagingPath,
			fs.constants.O_CREAT | fs.constants.O_EXCL | fs.constants.O_WRONLY | (fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0),
			0o600,
		);
		try {
			secureOwnerOnlyFileDescriptor(this.#stagingPath, fd, "apply", this.#securityContext);
		} catch (error) {
			fs.closeSync(fd);
			throw error;
		}
		this.#fd = fd;
		writerRegistry.register(this, this.#fd, this);
	}

	#recordError(err: unknown): Error {
		const error = toError(err);
		if (!this.#error) this.#error = error;
		return error;
	}

	#assertOpen(): void {
		if (this.#closed) throw new Error("Staged writer is closed");
		if (this.#error) throw this.#error;
	}

	writeLine(bytes: Uint8Array): void {
		this.#assertOpen();
		if (bytes.byteLength > STAGED_WRITER_LINE_MAX_BYTES)
			throw new RangeError("Staged line exceeds the bounded maximum");
		try {
			for (const chunk of [bytes, newlineBuffer]) {
				let written = 0;
				while (written < chunk.byteLength) {
					const count = fs.writeSync(this.#fd, chunk, written, chunk.byteLength - written);
					if (count === 0) throw new Error("Short write");
					written += count;
				}
			}
			this.#lineCount++;
		} catch (err) {
			throw this.#recordError(err);
		}
	}

	seekToLine(ordinal: number): void {
		this.#assertOpen();
		this.#findLine(ordinal);
	}

	patchLine(ordinal: number, bytes: Uint8Array): void {
		this.#assertOpen();
		const existing = this.#findLine(ordinal);
		const lineLength = bytes.byteLength + 1;
		const prior = this.#pendingPatches.get(ordinal);
		if (prior) {
			const nextPatchBytes = this.#pendingPatchBytes - prior.byteLength + bytes.byteLength;
			if (nextPatchBytes > STAGED_WRITER_PATCH_LIMIT_BYTES) {
				this.#error = new Error("staged_overlay_capacity_exceeded");
				throw this.#error;
			}
			this.#pendingPatches.set(ordinal, Buffer.from(bytes));
			this.#pendingPatchBytes = nextPatchBytes;
			return;
		}
		if (lineLength === existing.length) {
			try {
				fs.writeSync(this.#fd, Buffer.from(bytes), 0, bytes.byteLength, existing.offset);
			} catch (err) {
				throw this.#recordError(err);
			}
			return;
		}
		if (
			this.#pendingPatches.size >= STAGED_WRITER_PATCH_MAX_COUNT ||
			this.#pendingPatchBytes + bytes.byteLength > STAGED_WRITER_PATCH_LIMIT_BYTES
		) {
			this.#error = new Error("staged_overlay_capacity_exceeded");
			throw this.#error;
		}
		this.#pendingPatches.set(ordinal, Buffer.from(bytes));
		this.#pendingPatchBytes += bytes.byteLength;
	}

	#findLine(ordinal: number): { offset: number; length: number } {
		if (ordinal < 0 || ordinal >= this.#lineCount) throw new RangeError("Line ordinal is not staged");
		let fd: number | undefined;
		try {
			fd = fs.openSync(this.#stagingPath, fs.constants.O_RDONLY | (fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0));
			const writerIdentity = fs.fstatSync(this.#fd, { bigint: true });
			const readerIdentity = fs.fstatSync(fd, { bigint: true });
			if (writerIdentity.dev !== readerIdentity.dev || writerIdentity.ino !== readerIdentity.ino)
				throw new Error("staged_source_identity_changed");
			const chunk = Buffer.alloc(STAGED_WRITER_COPY_CHUNK_BYTES);
			let offset = 0;
			let lineStart = 0;
			let current = 0;
			for (;;) {
				const count = fs.readSync(fd, chunk, 0, chunk.byteLength, offset);
				if (count === 0) break;
				for (let index = 0; index < count; index++) {
					if (chunk[index] !== 0x0a) continue;
					const lineEnd = offset + index + 1;
					if (current === ordinal) return { offset: lineStart, length: lineEnd - lineStart };
					current++;
					lineStart = lineEnd;
				}
				offset += count;
			}
			throw new RangeError("Line ordinal is not staged");
		} finally {
			if (fd !== undefined) fs.closeSync(fd);
		}
	}

	flush(): void {
		this.#assertOpen();
		// writeSync already handed the bytes to the kernel; nothing is buffered here.
	}

	fsync(): void {
		this.#assertOpen();
		try {
			fs.fsyncSync(this.#fd);
			secureOwnerOnlyFileDescriptor(this.#stagingPath, this.#fd, "verify", this.#securityContext);
		} catch (err) {
			throw this.#recordError(err);
		}
	}

	closeSync(): void {
		if (this.#closed) return;
		if (this.#error) throw this.#error;
		try {
			secureOwnerOnlyFileDescriptor(this.#stagingPath, this.#fd, "verify", this.#securityContext);
			fs.closeSync(this.#fd);
		} catch (err) {
			throw this.#recordError(err);
		}
		this.#closed = true;
		writerRegistry.unregister(this);
	}

	publishNoReplace(): void {
		if (this.#published) throw new Error("Staged writer already published");
		if (!this.#closed) throw new Error("Staged writer must be closed before publication");
		if (this.#error) throw this.#error;
		const dir = path.dirname(this.#destinationPath);
		const originalStaging = fs.lstatSync(this.#stagingPath, { bigint: true });
		const originalStagingIdentity = { dev: originalStaging.dev, ino: originalStaging.ino };
		let publishSource = this.#stagingPath;
		let materialized: string | undefined;
		let stagedIdentity: { dev: bigint; ino: bigint } | undefined;
		let outcome: NativePublishOutcome | undefined;
		let linkPublished = false;
		let failure: unknown;
		try {
			if (this.#pendingPatches.size > 0) {
				materialized = this.#materializePatchedCopy();
				publishSource = materialized;
			}
			const staged = fs.lstatSync(publishSource, { bigint: true });
			stagedIdentity = { dev: staged.dev, ino: staged.ino };
			outcome = classifyNativePublishOutcome(
				nativeSessionStorage().renameNoReplacePath(publishSource, this.#destinationPath),
			);
			if (renameFlagsUnsupported(outcome)) {
				outcome = classifyNativePublishOutcome(
					nativeSessionStorage().linkNoReplacePath(publishSource, this.#destinationPath),
				);
				linkPublished = outcome.ok;
			}
			if (!outcome.ok) throw new Error(`staged_publish_rejected:${outcome.reason}`);
			const named = fs.lstatSync(this.#destinationPath, { bigint: true });
			if (
				!named.isFile() ||
				named.isSymbolicLink() ||
				named.dev !== stagedIdentity.dev ||
				named.ino !== stagedIdentity.ino
			)
				throw new Error("destination_identity_changed");
			fsyncDirectorySync(dir);
			this.#published = true;
		} catch (error) {
			failure = error;
		} finally {
			// Only a validated pre-mutation outcome authorizes removing our own staged
			// name: a committed outcome may have made publishSource the destination.
			if (materialized) {
				if (stagedIdentity && (linkPublished || (outcome && mayCleanCurrentStaging(outcome))))
					unlinkOwnedStagedSync(materialized, stagedIdentity);
				unlinkOwnedStagedSync(this.#stagingPath, originalStagingIdentity);
			} else if (stagedIdentity && (linkPublished || (outcome && mayCleanCurrentStaging(outcome)))) {
				unlinkOwnedStagedSync(this.#stagingPath, stagedIdentity);
			}
		}
		if (failure !== undefined) throw failure;
	}

	/** Second bounded streaming pass: materialize staged lines with pending patches applied. */
	#materializePatchedCopy(): string {
		const dir = path.dirname(this.#stagingPath);
		const copyPath = path.join(dir, `.${path.basename(this.#destinationPath)}.${randomUUID()}.staged-final`);
		let copyFd: number | undefined;
		let sourceFd: number | undefined;
		let copyIdentity: { dev: bigint; ino: bigint } | undefined;
		try {
			copyFd = fs.openSync(
				copyPath,
				fs.constants.O_CREAT | fs.constants.O_EXCL | fs.constants.O_WRONLY | (fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0),
				0o600,
			);
			secureOwnerOnlyFileDescriptor(copyPath, copyFd, "apply", this.#securityContext);
			const created = fs.fstatSync(copyFd, { bigint: true });
			copyIdentity = { dev: created.dev, ino: created.ino };
			sourceFd = fs.openSync(this.#stagingPath, fs.constants.O_RDONLY | fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW);
			let ordinal = 0;
			let carry = Buffer.alloc(0);
			const chunk = Buffer.alloc(STAGED_WRITER_COPY_CHUNK_BYTES);
			for (;;) {
				const count = fs.readSync(sourceFd, chunk, 0, chunk.byteLength, null);
				if (count === 0) break;
				const combined =
					carry.byteLength === 0 ? chunk.subarray(0, count) : Buffer.concat([carry, chunk.subarray(0, count)]);
				let lineStart = 0;
				for (;;) {
					const newline = combined.indexOf(0x0a, lineStart);
					if (newline === -1) break;
					const line = this.#pendingPatches.get(ordinal) ?? combined.subarray(lineStart, newline);
					this.#writeCopyLine(copyFd, line);
					ordinal++;
					lineStart = newline + 1;
				}
				carry = Buffer.from(combined.subarray(lineStart));
			}
			if (carry.byteLength > 0) throw new Error("staged_file_malformed_tail");
			fs.fsyncSync(copyFd);
			return copyPath;
		} catch (error) {
			if (copyIdentity) unlinkOwnedStagedSync(copyPath, copyIdentity);
			throw this.#recordError(error);
		} finally {
			if (sourceFd !== undefined) fs.closeSync(sourceFd);
			if (copyFd !== undefined) fs.closeSync(copyFd);
		}
	}

	#writeCopyLine(fd: number, line: Uint8Array): void {
		let written = 0;
		while (written < line.byteLength) {
			const count = fs.writeSync(fd, line, written, line.byteLength - written);
			if (count === 0) throw new Error("Short write");
			written += count;
		}
		let nlWritten = 0;
		while (nlWritten < newlineBuffer.byteLength) {
			const count = fs.writeSync(fd, newlineBuffer, nlWritten, newlineBuffer.byteLength - nlWritten);
			if (count === 0) throw new Error("Short write");
			nlWritten += count;
		}
	}
}

type SessionStorageLockOwner = {
	pid: number;
	incarnation?: string;
	token: string;
};

type SessionStorageLockOwnerProbe =
	| { kind: "absent" }
	| { kind: "live"; incarnation?: string }
	| { kind: "unverifiable" };

function probeSessionStorageLockOwner(pid: number): SessionStorageLockOwnerProbe {
	try {
		const owner = nativeSessionStorage().Process.fromPid(pid) as { incarnation?: unknown } | null;
		if (!owner) return { kind: "absent" };
		return {
			kind: "live",
			...(typeof owner.incarnation === "string" && owner.incarnation.length > 0
				? { incarnation: owner.incarnation }
				: {}),
		};
	} catch {
		return { kind: "unverifiable" };
	}
}

function parseSessionStorageLockOwner(bytes: Buffer): SessionStorageLockOwner | undefined {
	const text = bytes.toString("utf8").trim();
	try {
		const value = JSON.parse(text) as Partial<SessionStorageLockOwner>;
		if (
			!Number.isSafeInteger(value.pid) ||
			(value.pid ?? 0) <= 0 ||
			typeof value.token !== "string" ||
			value.token.length === 0 ||
			(value.incarnation !== undefined && (typeof value.incarnation !== "string" || value.incarnation.length === 0))
		)
			return undefined;
		return value as SessionStorageLockOwner;
	} catch {
		const legacy = /^(\d+):(.+)$/.exec(text);
		if (!legacy) return undefined;
		const pid = Number.parseInt(legacy[1]!, 10);
		if (!Number.isSafeInteger(pid) || pid <= 0) return undefined;
		return { pid, token: legacy[2]! };
	}
}

function exactRemoveSessionStorageLockPathResult(
	lockPath: string,
	expected: fs.BigIntStats,
	sha256: string,
	allowHardLink = false,
): native.NativeExactUnlinkResult {
	try {
		const parent = fs.lstatSync(path.dirname(lockPath), { bigint: true });
		if (!parent.isDirectory() || parent.isSymbolicLink()) return { ok: false, code: "parent_mismatch" };
		return nativeSessionStorage().exactUnlink(lockPath, {
			dev: expected.dev,
			ino: expected.ino,
			nlink: expected.nlink,
			parentDev: parent.dev,
			parentIno: parent.ino,
			size: expected.size,
			mtimeNs: expected.mtimeNs,
			sha256,
			quarantineName: `${path.basename(lockPath)}.reap-${randomUUID()}`,
			allowHardLink,
		});
	} catch {
		return { ok: false, code: "native_failure" };
	}
}

function exactRemoveSessionStorageLockPath(
	lockPath: string,
	expected: fs.BigIntStats,
	sha256: string,
	allowHardLink = false,
): boolean {
	const result = exactRemoveSessionStorageLockPathResult(lockPath, expected, sha256, allowHardLink);
	return (
		result.ok ||
		(result.code === "cleanup_pending" &&
			result.payloadDurable === true &&
			!result.retainedSuccessorPath &&
			!result.retainedUnknownPath &&
			(!result.retainedPlaceholderPath || path.resolve(result.retainedPlaceholderPath) !== path.resolve(lockPath)))
	);
}

function exactRemoveOwnedSessionStorageLockPath(
	lockPath: string,
	expected: Pick<fs.BigIntStats, "dev" | "ino">,
): boolean {
	let fd: number | undefined;
	try {
		fd = fs.openSync(lockPath, fs.constants.O_RDONLY | (fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0));
		const current = fs.fstatSync(fd, { bigint: true });
		if (
			!current.isFile() ||
			current.dev !== expected.dev ||
			current.ino !== expected.ino ||
			current.nlink < 1n ||
			current.nlink > 2n ||
			current.size > 4096n
		)
			return false;
		const bytes = Buffer.allocUnsafe(Number(current.size));
		let offset = 0;
		while (offset < bytes.byteLength) {
			const read = fs.readSync(fd, bytes, offset, bytes.byteLength - offset, offset);
			if (read === 0) return false;
			offset += read;
		}
		const sha256 = createHash("sha256").update(bytes).digest("hex");
		fs.closeSync(fd);
		fd = undefined;
		return exactRemoveSessionStorageLockPath(lockPath, current, sha256);
	} catch {
		return false;
	} finally {
		if (fd !== undefined) fs.closeSync(fd);
	}
}

function reclaimStaleSessionStorageLockSync(lockPath: string): boolean {
	let fd: number | undefined;
	let expected: fs.BigIntStats | undefined;
	let owner: SessionStorageLockOwner | undefined;
	let sha256: string | undefined;
	try {
		fd = fs.openSync(lockPath, fs.constants.O_RDONLY | (fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0));
		expected = fs.fstatSync(fd, { bigint: true });
		if (
			!expected.isFile() ||
			expected.nlink < 1n ||
			expected.nlink > 2n ||
			expected.size <= 0n ||
			expected.size > 4096n
		)
			return false;
		const bytes = Buffer.allocUnsafe(Number(expected.size));
		let offset = 0;
		while (offset < bytes.byteLength) {
			const read = fs.readSync(fd, bytes, offset, bytes.byteLength - offset, offset);
			if (read === 0) return false;
			offset += read;
		}
		owner = parseSessionStorageLockOwner(bytes);
		sha256 = createHash("sha256").update(bytes).digest("hex");
	} catch (error) {
		if ((error as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code === "ENOENT") return true;
		return false;
	} finally {
		if (fd !== undefined) fs.closeSync(fd);
	}
	if (!owner || !expected || !sha256) return false;
	const probe = probeSessionStorageLockOwner(owner.pid);
	const stale =
		probe.kind === "absent" ||
		(probe.kind === "live" &&
			owner.incarnation !== undefined &&
			probe.incarnation !== undefined &&
			probe.incarnation !== owner.incarnation);
	if (!stale) return false;
	let lockExpected = expected;
	const stagedPath = expected.nlink === 2n ? `${lockPath}.${owner.token}.owner.tmp` : undefined;
	if (stagedPath) {
		try {
			const staged = fs.lstatSync(stagedPath, { bigint: true });
			if (staged.dev !== expected.dev || staged.ino !== expected.ino || staged.isSymbolicLink()) return false;
			unlinkOwnedStagedSync(stagedPath, expected);
			if (fs.existsSync(stagedPath)) return false;
			lockExpected = fs.lstatSync(lockPath, { bigint: true });
			if (
				lockExpected.dev !== expected.dev ||
				lockExpected.ino !== expected.ino ||
				lockExpected.nlink !== 1n ||
				lockExpected.size !== expected.size ||
				lockExpected.mtimeNs !== expected.mtimeNs ||
				lockExpected.isSymbolicLink()
			)
				return false;
		} catch {
			return false;
		}
	}
	return exactRemoveSessionStorageLockPath(lockPath, lockExpected, sha256);
}

export class FileSessionStorage implements SessionStorage {
	acquireExclusiveLockSync(
		lockPath: string,
		options?: { securityContext?: SessionStorageSecurityContext },
	): SessionStorageExclusiveLock | undefined {
		const dir = path.dirname(lockPath);
		this.ensureDirSync(dir);
		for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 2; attempt++) {
			const token = randomUUID();
			const stagedPath = `${lockPath}.${token}.owner.tmp`;
			let fd: number | undefined;
			let stagedIdentity: fs.BigIntStats | undefined;
			let ownerDigest: string | undefined;
			let published = false;
			try {
				fd = fs.openSync(
					stagedPath,
					fs.constants.O_CREAT | fs.constants.O_EXCL | fs.constants.O_WRONLY | (fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0),
					0o600,
				);
				secureOwnerOnlyFileDescriptor(stagedPath, fd, "apply", options?.securityContext);
				stagedIdentity = fs.fstatSync(fd, { bigint: true });
				const probe = probeSessionStorageLockOwner(process.pid);
				const owner: SessionStorageLockOwner = {
					pid: process.pid,
					...(probe.kind === "live" && probe.incarnation ? { incarnation: probe.incarnation } : {}),
					token,
				};
				const bytes = Buffer.from(`${JSON.stringify(owner)}\n`, "utf8");
				ownerDigest = createHash("sha256").update(bytes).digest("hex");
				let offset = 0;
				while (offset < bytes.byteLength) {
					const written = fs.writeSync(fd, bytes, offset, bytes.byteLength - offset);
					if (written === 0) throw new Error("Short write");
					offset += written;
				}
				fs.fsyncSync(fd);
				secureOwnerOnlyFileDescriptor(stagedPath, fd, "verify", options?.securityContext);
				stagedIdentity = fs.fstatSync(fd, { bigint: true });
				let outcome = classifyNativePublishOutcome(
					nativeSessionStorage().renameNoReplacePath(stagedPath, lockPath),
				);
				let linkPublished = false;
				if (renameFlagsUnsupported(outcome)) {
					outcome = classifyNativePublishOutcome(nativeSessionStorage().linkNoReplacePath(stagedPath, lockPath));
					linkPublished = outcome.ok;
				}
				if (!outcome.ok) {
					fs.closeSync(fd);
					fd = undefined;
					exactRemoveSessionStorageLockPath(stagedPath, stagedIdentity, ownerDigest);
					if (outcome.reason === "destination_exists") {
						if (attempt === 0 && reclaimStaleSessionStorageLockSync(lockPath)) continue;
						return undefined;
					}
					throw new Error(`exclusive_lock_publish_rejected:${outcome.reason}`);
				}
				published = true;
				fs.closeSync(fd);
				fd = undefined;
				if (linkPublished) {
					const stagedNamed = fs.lstatSync(stagedPath, { bigint: true });
					if (
						stagedNamed.dev !== stagedIdentity.dev ||
						stagedNamed.ino !== stagedIdentity.ino ||
						stagedNamed.isSymbolicLink()
					)
						throw new Error("exclusive_lock_staging_identity_changed");
					unlinkOwnedStagedSync(stagedPath, stagedIdentity);
					if (fs.existsSync(stagedPath)) throw new Error("exclusive_lock_staging_cleanup_failed");
				}
				const publishedFd = fs.openSync(lockPath, fs.constants.O_RDONLY | (fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0));
				let expected: fs.BigIntStats;
				try {
					secureOwnerOnlyFileDescriptor(lockPath, publishedFd, "verify", options?.securityContext);
					expected = fs.fstatSync(publishedFd, { bigint: true });
					if (
						!expected.isFile() ||
						expected.isSymbolicLink() ||
						expected.dev !== stagedIdentity.dev ||
						expected.ino !== stagedIdentity.ino ||
						expected.nlink !== 1n ||
						expected.size !== BigInt(bytes.byteLength)
					)
						throw new Error("exclusive_lock_identity_changed");
					const installed = Buffer.allocUnsafe(bytes.byteLength);
					let readOffset = 0;
					while (readOffset < installed.byteLength) {
						const read = fs.readSync(
							publishedFd,
							installed,
							readOffset,
							installed.byteLength - readOffset,
							readOffset,
						);
						if (read === 0) throw new Error("exclusive_lock_short_read");
						readOffset += read;
					}
					if (createHash("sha256").update(installed).digest("hex") !== ownerDigest)
						throw new Error("exclusive_lock_content_changed");
				} finally {
					fs.closeSync(publishedFd);
				}
				fsyncDirectorySync(dir);
				let released = false;
				return {
					releaseSync: () => {
						if (released) return;
						const removal = exactRemoveSessionStorageLockPathResult(lockPath, expected, ownerDigest!);
						if (!removal.ok) {
							if (
								removal.code === "cleanup_pending" &&
								removal.payloadDurable === true &&
								!removal.retainedSuccessorPath &&
								!removal.retainedUnknownPath &&
								(!removal.retainedPlaceholderPath ||
									path.resolve(removal.retainedPlaceholderPath) !== path.resolve(lockPath))
							) {
								released = true;
								return;
							}
							try {
								const current = fs.lstatSync(lockPath, { bigint: true });
								if (current.dev === expected.dev && current.ino === expected.ino) {
									// The inode matches, but exactRemove refused — either the
									// content changed (replacement reused the inode) or cleanup
									// genuinely failed on the original. Re-verify the content
									// digest to distinguish: a replacement whose sha256 no longer
									// matches is not ours and must not be unlinked.
									let fd: number | undefined;
									try {
										fd = fs.openSync(lockPath, fs.constants.O_RDONLY | (fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0));
										const bytes = Buffer.allocUnsafe(Number(current.size));
										let offset = 0;
										while (offset < bytes.byteLength) {
											const read = fs.readSync(fd, bytes, offset, bytes.byteLength - offset, offset);
											if (read === 0) break;
											offset += read;
										}
										const currentDigest = createHash("sha256")
											.update(bytes.subarray(0, offset))
											.digest("hex");
										if (currentDigest === ownerDigest!) throw new Error("exclusive_lock_release_failed");
									} finally {
										if (fd !== undefined) fs.closeSync(fd);
									}
								}
							} catch (error) {
								if ((error as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code !== "ENOENT") throw error;
							}
						}
						released = true;
					},
				};
			} catch (error) {
				if (fd !== undefined) fs.closeSync(fd);
				if (published && stagedIdentity && ownerDigest) {
					try {
						const named = fs.lstatSync(lockPath, { bigint: true });
						if (named.dev === stagedIdentity.dev && named.ino === stagedIdentity.ino)
							exactRemoveSessionStorageLockPath(lockPath, named, ownerDigest);
					} catch {
						// The published name is absent or belongs to another owner.
					}
				}
				if (stagedIdentity && ownerDigest) {
					try {
						const named = fs.lstatSync(stagedPath, { bigint: true });
						if (named.dev === stagedIdentity.dev && named.ino === stagedIdentity.ino)
							exactRemoveOwnedSessionStorageLockPath(stagedPath, stagedIdentity);
					} catch {
						// The staged name was consumed or removed.
					}
				}
				throw error;
			}
		}
		return undefined;
	}
	ensureDirSync(dir: string): void {
		if (!fs.existsSync(dir)) {
			fs.mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
		}
	}

	existsSync(path: string): boolean {
		return fs.existsSync(path);
	}

	writeTextSync(fpath: string, content: string): void {
		this.ensureDirSync(path.dirname(fpath));
		fs.writeFileSync(fpath, content);
	}

	readTextSync(fpath: string): string {
		return fs.readFileSync(fpath, "utf-8");
	}

	readBytesSync(fpath: string): Uint8Array {
		return this.readSnapshotSync(fpath).bytes;
	}

	readSnapshotSync(fpath: string): SessionStorageSnapshot {
		const flags = fs.constants.O_RDONLY | fs.constants.O_NONBLOCK | (fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0);
		const fd = fs.openSync(fpath, flags);
		try {
			const stat = statFromNode(fs.fstatSync(fd, { bigint: true }));

			if (!stat.isFile) throw new Error(`Not a regular file: ${fpath}`);
			return { bytes: fs.readFileSync(fd), stat };
		} finally {
			fs.closeSync(fd);
		}
	}
	/**
	 * Bounded recorded-length read with descriptor identity validation: opens one
	 * no-follow descriptor, verifies the requested range is fully present, reads
	 * exactly `length` bytes, and revalidates dev/ino/nlink on the same descriptor
	 * plus the pathname (append-only size growth is tolerated; an object swap is
	 * rejected). No path-based Bun Blob reads for managed authority.
	 */
	readRangeSync(fpath: string, start: number, length: number): SessionStorageRangeSnapshot {
		validateRangeReadBounds(start, length);
		const flags = fs.constants.O_RDONLY | fs.constants.O_NONBLOCK | (fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0);
		const fd = fs.openSync(fpath, flags);
		try {
			const before = fs.fstatSync(fd, { bigint: true });
			if (!before.isFile() || before.nlink > 1) throw new Error("source_changed");
			if (Number(before.size) < start + length) throw new Error("range_not_present");
			const bytes = Buffer.alloc(length);
			let offset = 0;
			while (offset < length) {
				const count = fs.readSync(fd, bytes, offset, length - offset, start + offset);
				if (count === 0) throw new Error("range_not_present");
				offset += count;
			}
			const after = fs.fstatSync(fd, { bigint: true });
			if (after.dev !== before.dev || after.ino !== before.ino || after.nlink !== before.nlink)
				throw new Error("source_changed");
			const named = fs.lstatSync(fpath, { bigint: true });
			if (!named.isFile() || named.isSymbolicLink() || named.dev !== before.dev || named.ino !== before.ino)
				throw new Error("source_changed");
			return { bytes, stat: statFromNode(after) };
		} finally {
			fs.closeSync(fd);
		}
	}

	async readRange(fpath: string, start: number, length: number): Promise<SessionStorageRangeSnapshot> {
		validateRangeReadBounds(start, length);
		const handle = await fs.promises.open(fpath, fs.constants.O_RDONLY | (fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0));
		try {
			const before = await handle.stat({ bigint: true });
			if (!before.isFile() || before.nlink > 1) throw new Error("source_changed");
			if (Number(before.size) < start + length) throw new Error("range_not_present");
			const bytes = Buffer.alloc(length);
			let offset = 0;
			while (offset < length) {
				const { bytesRead } = await handle.read(bytes, offset, length - offset, start + offset);
				if (bytesRead === 0) throw new Error("range_not_present");
				offset += bytesRead;
			}
			const after = await handle.stat({ bigint: true });
			if (after.dev !== before.dev || after.ino !== before.ino || after.nlink !== before.nlink)
				throw new Error("source_changed");
			const named = fs.lstatSync(fpath, { bigint: true });
			if (!named.isFile() || named.isSymbolicLink() || named.dev !== before.dev || named.ino !== before.ino)
				throw new Error("source_changed");
			return { bytes, stat: statFromNode(after) };
		} finally {
			await handle.close();
		}
	}

	statSync(path: string): SessionStorageStat {
		return statFromNode(fs.statSync(path, { bigint: true }));
	}

	listFilesSync(dir: string, pattern: string): string[] {
		try {
			return Array.from(new Bun.Glob(pattern).scanSync({ cwd: dir, dot: pattern.startsWith(".") })).map(name =>
				path.join(dir, name),
			);
		} catch {
			return [];
		}
	}
	async listFilesByMtime(dir: string, pattern: string): Promise<Array<{ path: string; mtimeMs: number }>> {
		const nativeBindings = nativeSessionStorage();
		const result = await nativeBindings.glob({
			path: dir,
			pattern,
			fileType: nativeBindings.FileType.File,
			recursive: false,
			hidden: false,
			gitignore: false,
			sortByMtime: true,
		});
		return result.matches.map(match => ({
			path: path.join(dir, match.path),
			mtimeMs: match.mtime ?? 0,
		}));
	}

	listFilesStrictSync(dir: string, pattern: string): string[] {
		// Strict: never suppress scan/root errors. Authorization inventory depends on
		// a complete enumeration; a swallowed error here would grant partial authority.
		return Array.from(new Bun.Glob(pattern).scanSync(dir)).map(name => path.join(dir, name));
	}

	async exists(path: string): Promise<boolean> {
		try {
			await fs.promises.access(path);
			return true;
		} catch (err) {
			if (isEnoent(err)) return false;
			throw err;
		}
	}

	readText(path: string): Promise<string> {
		return Bun.file(path).text();
	}

	async readTextPrefix(path: string, maxBytes: number): Promise<string> {
		return peekFile(path, maxBytes, header => utf8Decoder.decode(header));
	}

	async writeText(path: string, content: string): Promise<void> {
		await Bun.write(path, content, { createPath: true });
	}

	async rename(path: string, nextPath: string): Promise<void> {
		try {
			await fs.promises.rename(path, nextPath);
		} catch (err) {
			throw toError(err);
		}
	}

	renameSync(path: string, nextPath: string): void {
		try {
			fs.renameSync(path, nextPath);
		} catch (err) {
			throw toError(err);
		}
	}

	replaceExactSync(
		sourcePath: string,
		destinationPath: string,
		expected: SessionStorageExactReplacementExpectation,
	): boolean {
		const dir = path.dirname(destinationPath);
		const parent = fs.statSync(dir, { bigint: true });
		let fd: number | undefined;
		try {
			fd = fs.openSync(sourcePath, fs.constants.O_RDONLY | (fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0));
			const before = fs.fstatSync(fd, { bigint: true });
			if (!before.isFile()) return false;
			const hash = createHash("sha256");
			const chunk = Buffer.alloc(STAGED_WRITER_COPY_CHUNK_BYTES);
			for (;;) {
				const count = fs.readSync(fd, chunk, 0, chunk.byteLength, null);
				if (count === 0) break;
				hash.update(chunk.subarray(0, count));
			}
			const after = fs.fstatSync(fd, { bigint: true });
			if (
				before.dev !== after.dev ||
				before.ino !== after.ino ||
				before.nlink !== after.nlink ||
				before.size !== after.size ||
				before.mtimeNs !== after.mtimeNs
			)
				return false;
			fs.closeSync(fd);
			fd = undefined;
			const outcome = nativeSessionStorage().exactReplacePath(
				sourcePath,
				destinationPath,
				{
					dev: before.dev,
					ino: before.ino,
					nlink: before.nlink,
					parentDev: parent.dev,
					parentIno: parent.ino,
					size: before.size,
					mtimeNs: before.mtimeNs,
					sha256: hash.digest("hex"),
				},
				{
					dev: expected.stat.dev,
					ino: expected.stat.ino,
					nlink: expected.stat.nlink ?? 1n,
					parentDev: parent.dev,
					parentIno: parent.ino,
					size: BigInt(expected.stat.size),
					mtimeNs: expected.stat.mtimeNs,
					sha256: expected.sha256,
				},
			);
			if (!outcome.ok) return false;
			fsyncDirectorySync(dir);
			return true;
		} finally {
			if (fd !== undefined) fs.closeSync(fd);
		}
	}

	unlink(path: string): Promise<void> {
		return fs.promises.unlink(path);
	}

	unlinkSync(path: string): void {
		fs.unlinkSync(path);
	}

	openWriter(path: string, options?: SessionStorageWriterOpenOptions): SessionStorageWriter {
		return new FileSessionStorageWriter(path, options);
	}
	openBufferedWriter(path: string, options?: SessionStorageWriterOpenOptions): SessionStorageBufferedWriter {
		return new FileSessionStorageWriter(path, {
			...options,
			bufferSize: options?.bufferSize ?? SESSION_STORAGE_BUFFERED_WRITER_DEFAULT_BYTES,
		}) as SessionStorageBufferedWriter;
	}

	openStagedWriter(path: string, options?: SessionStorageWriterOpenOptions): StagedStreamingWriter {
		return new FileStagedStreamingWriter(path, options);
	}

	/**
	 * Delete a session and sibling artifacts in an operator-selected explicit directory.
	 * Default managed roots use deleteSessionVerified and never call this path.
	 */
	async deleteSessionWithArtifacts(sessionPath: string): Promise<void> {
		try {
			await this.unlink(sessionPath);
		} catch (error) {
			if (!isEnoent(error)) throw error;
		}
		for (const candidate of this.listFilesSync(path.dirname(sessionPath), `${path.basename(sessionPath)}.spill.*`)) {
			if (candidate.startsWith(`${sessionPath}.spill.`) && isDerivedSessionMemoryFile(candidate)) {
				try {
					await this.unlink(candidate);
				} catch (error) {
					if (!isEnoent(error)) throw error;
				}
			}
		}
		const artifactsDir = sessionPath.slice(0, -6);
		try {
			await fs.promises.rm(artifactsDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
		} catch (err) {
			const error = toError(err);
			throw new Error(
				`Session file deleted but failed to remove artifacts directory ${artifactsDir}: ${error.message}`,
				{
					cause: error,
				},
			);
		}
	}
	/**
	 * Verified hard delete bound to exact identity evidence. Artifact directory first,
	 * revalidate, transcript last. Partial deletion returns typed cleanup_pending
	 * evidence; identity/symlink/containment/header/cwd mismatch throws.
	 */
	async deleteSessionVerified(target: VerifiedSessionDeleteTarget): Promise<VerifiedSessionDeleteResult> {
		const {
			sessionsRoot,
			transcriptPath,
			sessionId,
			cwd,
			transcriptIdentity,
			transcriptParentIdentity,
			expectedArtifactsIdentity,
			artifactsAbsentAtAuthorization,
			expectedArtifactsTree,
			detachedArtifactsPath,
			retainedArtifactsSuccessorPath,
			retainedArtifactsPlaceholderPath,
			retainedArtifactsUnknownPath,
			detachedTranscriptPath,
			retainedTranscriptSuccessorPath,
			retainedTranscriptPlaceholderPath,
			retainedTranscriptUnknownPath,
			plannedArtifactsPath,
			plannedTranscriptPath,
			artifactsRemoved,
		} = target;
		try {
			assertNoReparsePath(sessionsRoot);
			assertNoReparsePath(transcriptPath);
		} catch (err) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("symlink", "Sessions root or transcript path is a symlink", {
				cause: toError(err),
			});
		}
		if (!transcriptPath.endsWith(".jsonl")) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("containment", "Transcript path is not a .jsonl file");
		}
		if (!pathIsWithin(sessionsRoot, transcriptPath)) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("containment", "Transcript is outside the sessions root");
		}
		if (
			!plannedArtifactsPath ||
			!plannedTranscriptPath ||
			path.dirname(plannedArtifactsPath) !== path.dirname(transcriptPath) ||
			path.dirname(plannedTranscriptPath) !== path.dirname(transcriptPath) ||
			!path.basename(plannedArtifactsPath).startsWith(".gjc-delete-") ||
			!path.basename(plannedTranscriptPath).startsWith(".gjc-delete-") ||
			plannedArtifactsPath === plannedTranscriptPath
		) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
				"artifacts",
				"Verified deletion requires caller-persisted quarantine paths",
			);
		}
		const cleanupTranscriptPath = detachedTranscriptPath ?? transcriptPath;
		const hasDetachedTranscript = detachedTranscriptPath !== undefined;
		if (
			detachedTranscriptPath &&
			(path.dirname(detachedTranscriptPath) !== path.dirname(transcriptPath) ||
				!path.basename(detachedTranscriptPath).startsWith(".gjc-delete-") ||
				detachedTranscriptPath === plannedTranscriptPath)
		) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
				"identity",
				"Detached transcript retry requires a fresh quarantine destination",
			);
		}
		if (hasDetachedTranscript && fs.existsSync(transcriptPath)) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
				"identity",
				"Original transcript pathname became occupied during detached cleanup replay",
			);
		}
		const artifactRemovalRoot = `${plannedArtifactsPath}.removing`;
		if (detachedArtifactsPath === plannedArtifactsPath) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
				"artifacts",
				"Detached artifact retry requires a fresh quarantine destination",
			);
		}
		const retainedArtifactRoot = (input: string): string =>
			input.endsWith(".removing") ? input : `${input}.removing`;

		const parentIdentity = this.#directoryIdentity(path.dirname(transcriptPath));
		if (
			transcriptParentIdentity &&
			(parentIdentity.dev !== transcriptParentIdentity.dev || parentIdentity.ino !== transcriptParentIdentity.ino)
		)
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
				"identity",
				"Transcript parent identity does not match authorization",
			);
		const authorizedTranscriptParentIdentity = transcriptParentIdentity ?? parentIdentity;
		if (detachedArtifactsPath && !artifactsRemoved) {
			if (
				!expectedArtifactsIdentity ||
				path.dirname(detachedArtifactsPath) !== path.dirname(transcriptPath) ||
				(!path.basename(detachedArtifactsPath).startsWith(".gjc-delete-") &&
					!detachedArtifactsPath.endsWith(".removing"))
			) {
				throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("artifacts", "Detached artifact cleanup evidence is invalid");
			}
			const detachedIdentity = this.#optionalDirectoryIdentity(detachedArtifactsPath);
			if (
				!detachedIdentity ||
				detachedIdentity.dev !== expectedArtifactsIdentity.dev ||
				detachedIdentity.ino !== expectedArtifactsIdentity.ino
			) {
				throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("artifacts", "Detached artifact identity changed before retry");
			}
			if (!expectedArtifactsTree)
				throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
					"artifacts",
					"Detached artifact cleanup requires a persisted tree snapshot",
				);
			const removal = removeDirectoryTreeExact(
				detachedArtifactsPath,
				expectedArtifactsTree,
				authorizedTranscriptParentIdentity,
			);
			if (!removal.ok) {
				const retainedRoot = removal.detachedPath ?? detachedArtifactsPath;
				if (retainedRoot !== detachedArtifactsPath && retainedRoot !== retainedArtifactRoot(detachedArtifactsPath))
					throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
						"artifacts",
						"Native artifact removal returned an unauthorized root",
					);
				const retainedTree = snapshotDirectoryTree(retainedRoot);
				if (
					retainedTree.rootDev !== String(expectedArtifactsIdentity.dev) ||
					retainedTree.rootIno !== String(expectedArtifactsIdentity.ino)
				)
					throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
						"artifacts",
						"Retained artifact root identity changed during partial cleanup",
					);

				if (!retainedTreeDoesNotExpandAuthority(expectedArtifactsTree, retainedTree))
					throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
						"artifacts",
						"Partial artifact cleanup expanded retained tree authority",
					);
				return {
					kind: "cleanup_pending",
					phase: "artifacts",
					error: new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
						"artifacts",
						`Exact detached artifact removal rejected: ${removal.code}`,
					),
					artifactsIdentity: expectedArtifactsIdentity,
					detachedArtifactsPath: retainedRoot,
					artifactsTree: retainedTree,
					...((removal as typeof removal & { payloadDurable?: boolean }).payloadDurable === true
						? { artifactsPayloadDurable: true as const }
						: {}),
					...((removal.retainedSuccessorPath ?? retainedArtifactsSuccessorPath)
						? { retainedSuccessorPath: removal.retainedSuccessorPath ?? retainedArtifactsSuccessorPath }
						: {}),
					...((removal.retainedPlaceholderPath ?? retainedArtifactsPlaceholderPath)
						? { retainedPlaceholderPath: removal.retainedPlaceholderPath ?? retainedArtifactsPlaceholderPath }
						: {}),
					...((removal.retainedUnknownPath ?? retainedArtifactsUnknownPath)
						? { retainedUnknownPath: removal.retainedUnknownPath ?? retainedArtifactsUnknownPath }
						: {}),
					transcriptIdentity,
				};
			}
			return { kind: "artifacts_removed", phase: "artifacts", transcriptIdentity };
		}
		if (transcriptIdentity.nlink === undefined || transcriptIdentity.nlink !== 1n)
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
				"identity",
				"Single-link transcript authority is required for exact deletion",
			);
		const initial = hasDetachedTranscript ? undefined : this.#verifiedReadAndHeader(transcriptPath, sessionId, cwd);
		const initialStat = initial?.snapshot.stat;
		const initialDigest = initial ? createHash("sha256").update(initial.snapshot.bytes).digest("hex") : undefined;
		if (
			initialStat &&
			(initialStat.nlink === undefined ||
				initialStat.dev !== transcriptIdentity.dev ||
				initialStat.ino !== transcriptIdentity.ino ||
				initialStat.nlink !== transcriptIdentity.nlink ||
				initialStat.size !== transcriptIdentity.size ||
				initialStat.mtimeNs !== transcriptIdentity.mtimeNs ||
				initialDigest !== transcriptIdentity.sha256)
		) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("identity", "Transcript identity does not match authorization");
		}

		const artifactsDir = transcriptPath.slice(0, -6);
		const artifactsIdentity = this.#optionalDirectoryIdentity(artifactsDir);
		if (artifactsAbsentAtAuthorization && artifactsIdentity)
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
				"artifacts",
				"Artifact directory appeared after absence authorization",
			);
		if (artifactsRemoved && artifactsIdentity) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
				"artifacts",
				"Artifact path reappeared after durable artifact-phase completion",
			);
		}
		if (artifactsRemoved && detachedArtifactsPath && expectedArtifactsIdentity && expectedArtifactsTree) {
			const retainedIdentity = this.#optionalDirectoryIdentity(detachedArtifactsPath);
			if (
				!retainedIdentity ||
				retainedIdentity.dev !== expectedArtifactsIdentity.dev ||
				retainedIdentity.ino !== expectedArtifactsIdentity.ino
			)
				throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
					"artifacts",
					"Retained artifact root identity changed before transcript cleanup",
				);
			const retainedTree = snapshotDirectoryTree(detachedArtifactsPath);
			if (!retainedTreeDoesNotExpandAuthority(expectedArtifactsTree, retainedTree))
				throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
					"artifacts",
					"Partial artifact cleanup expanded retained tree authority",
				);
		}
		if (!artifactsIdentity && expectedArtifactsIdentity && !detachedArtifactsPath && !artifactsRemoved) {
			// Absence at the original path alone is not completion: native recursive removal
			// may retain the planned root or its deterministic `.removing` final-stage root.
			if (fs.existsSync(plannedArtifactsPath) || fs.existsSync(artifactRemovalRoot))
				throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
					"artifacts",
					"Authorized artifact removal root remains after restart",
				);
			return { kind: "artifacts_removed", phase: "artifacts", transcriptIdentity };
		}

		if (artifactsIdentity && !artifactsRemoved) {
			if (
				expectedArtifactsIdentity &&
				(artifactsIdentity.dev !== expectedArtifactsIdentity.dev ||
					artifactsIdentity.ino !== expectedArtifactsIdentity.ino ||
					artifactsIdentity.size !== expectedArtifactsIdentity.size ||
					artifactsIdentity.mtimeNs !== expectedArtifactsIdentity.mtimeNs ||
					artifactsIdentity.sha256 !== expectedArtifactsIdentity.sha256)
			) {
				throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
					"artifacts",
					"Artifact directory identity does not match recorded cleanup evidence",
				);
			}
			const artifactStat = fs.lstatSync(artifactsDir, { bigint: true });
			if (
				artifactStat.isSymbolicLink() ||
				!artifactStat.isDirectory() ||
				artifactStat.dev !== artifactsIdentity.dev ||
				artifactStat.ino !== artifactsIdentity.ino
			) {
				throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("artifacts", "Artifact directory changed before deletion");
			}
			const observedArtifactsTree = snapshotDirectoryTree(artifactsDir);
			if (expectedArtifactsTree && JSON.stringify(observedArtifactsTree) !== JSON.stringify(expectedArtifactsTree))
				throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("artifacts", "Artifact tree changed before root detach");
			const artifactsTree = expectedArtifactsTree ?? observedArtifactsTree;
			const detach = nativeExactUnlink(artifactsDir, {
				dev: artifactStat.dev,
				ino: artifactStat.ino,
				nlink: artifactStat.nlink,
				size: artifactStat.size,
				mtimeNs: artifactStat.mtimeNs,
				parentDev: authorizedTranscriptParentIdentity.dev,
				parentIno: authorizedTranscriptParentIdentity.ino,
				directory: true,
				quarantineName: path.basename(plannedArtifactsPath),
			});
			if (!detach.detachedPath) {
				throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
					"artifacts",
					`Exact artifact detach rejected: ${detach.ok ? "missing_path" : detach.code}`,
				);
			}
			if (!detach.ok && process.platform !== "win32") {
				let descriptor: number | undefined;
				try {
					descriptor = fs.openSync(
						path.dirname(transcriptPath),
						fs.constants.O_RDONLY | fs.constants.O_DIRECTORY | fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW,
					);
					const durableParent = fs.fstatSync(descriptor, { bigint: true });
					if (
						!durableParent.isDirectory() ||
						durableParent.dev !== parentIdentity.dev ||
						durableParent.ino !== parentIdentity.ino
					)
						throw new Error("parent_changed");
					fs.fsyncSync(descriptor);
				} catch (error) {
					return {
						kind: "cleanup_pending",
						phase: "artifacts",
						error: new SessionDeleteVerificationError("artifacts", "durability_failed", {
							cause: toError(error),
						}),
						artifactsIdentity,
						detachedArtifactsPath: detach.detachedPath,
						artifactsTree,
						transcriptIdentity,
					};
				} finally {
					if (descriptor !== undefined) fs.closeSync(descriptor);
				}
			}
			if (!detach.ok && process.platform === "win32") {
				return {
					kind: "cleanup_pending",
					phase: "artifacts",
					error: new SessionDeleteVerificationError("artifacts", `Exact artifact detach retained: ${detach.code}`),
					artifactsIdentity,
					detachedArtifactsPath: detach.detachedPath,
					artifactsTree,
					...(detach.retainedSuccessorPath ? { retainedSuccessorPath: detach.retainedSuccessorPath } : {}),
					...(detach.retainedPlaceholderPath ? { retainedPlaceholderPath: detach.retainedPlaceholderPath } : {}),
					...(detach.retainedUnknownPath ? { retainedUnknownPath: detach.retainedUnknownPath } : {}),
					transcriptIdentity,
				};
			}
			const removal = removeDirectoryTreeExact(
				detach.detachedPath,
				artifactsTree,
				authorizedTranscriptParentIdentity,
			);
			if (!removal.ok) {
				const retainedRoot = removal.detachedPath ?? detach.detachedPath;
				if (retainedRoot !== detach.detachedPath && retainedRoot !== retainedArtifactRoot(detach.detachedPath))
					throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
						"artifacts",
						"Native artifact removal returned an unauthorized root",
					);
				const retainedTree = snapshotDirectoryTree(retainedRoot);
				if (
					retainedTree.rootDev !== String(artifactsIdentity.dev) ||
					retainedTree.rootIno !== String(artifactsIdentity.ino)
				)
					throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
						"artifacts",
						"Retained artifact root identity changed during partial cleanup",
					);

				if (!retainedTreeDoesNotExpandAuthority(artifactsTree, retainedTree))
					throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
						"artifacts",
						"Partial artifact cleanup expanded retained tree authority",
					);
				return {
					kind: "cleanup_pending",
					phase: "artifacts",
					error: new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
						"artifacts",
						`Exact detached artifact removal rejected: ${removal.code}`,
					),
					artifactsIdentity,
					detachedArtifactsPath: retainedRoot,
					artifactsTree: retainedTree,
					...((removal as typeof removal & { payloadDurable?: boolean }).payloadDurable === true
						? { artifactsPayloadDurable: true as const }
						: {}),
					...((removal.retainedSuccessorPath ?? retainedArtifactsSuccessorPath)
						? { retainedSuccessorPath: removal.retainedSuccessorPath ?? retainedArtifactsSuccessorPath }
						: {}),
					...((removal.retainedPlaceholderPath ?? retainedArtifactsPlaceholderPath)
						? { retainedPlaceholderPath: removal.retainedPlaceholderPath ?? retainedArtifactsPlaceholderPath }
						: {}),
					...((removal.retainedUnknownPath ?? retainedArtifactsUnknownPath)
						? { retainedUnknownPath: removal.retainedUnknownPath ?? retainedArtifactsUnknownPath }
						: {}),
					transcriptIdentity,
				};
			}
		}
		if (!artifactsRemoved) {
			if (process.platform !== "win32") {
				let descriptor: number | undefined;
				try {
					descriptor = fs.openSync(
						path.dirname(transcriptPath),
						fs.constants.O_RDONLY | fs.constants.O_DIRECTORY | fs.constants.O_NOFOLLOW,
					);
					const durableParent = fs.fstatSync(descriptor, { bigint: true });
					if (
						!durableParent.isDirectory() ||
						durableParent.dev !== parentIdentity.dev ||
						durableParent.ino !== parentIdentity.ino
					)
						throw new Error("parent_changed");
					fs.fsyncSync(descriptor);
				} catch (error) {
					throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("artifacts", "durability_failed", { cause: toError(error) });
				} finally {
					if (descriptor !== undefined) fs.closeSync(descriptor);
				}
			}
			return { kind: "artifacts_removed", phase: "artifacts", transcriptIdentity };
		}
		if (hasDetachedTranscript) {
			const deletion = nativeExactUnlink(cleanupTranscriptPath, {
				dev: transcriptIdentity.dev,
				ino: transcriptIdentity.ino,
				nlink: transcriptIdentity.nlink,
				size: BigInt(transcriptIdentity.size),
				mtimeNs: transcriptIdentity.mtimeNs,
				parentDev: authorizedTranscriptParentIdentity.dev,
				parentIno: authorizedTranscriptParentIdentity.ino,
				sha256: transcriptIdentity.sha256,
				quarantineName: path.basename(plannedTranscriptPath),
			});
			if (!deletion.ok) {
				if (transcriptDeletionTerminal(deletion)) return { kind: "deleted" };
				const error = exactUnlinkFailure(deletion);
				const retainedAuthority =
					deletion.detachedPath ||
					deletion.retainedSuccessorPath ||
					deletion.retainedPlaceholderPath ||
					deletion.retainedUnknownPath;
				if ((error.kind === "identity" || error.kind === "symlink") && !retainedAuthority) throw error;
				return {
					kind: "cleanup_pending",
					phase: "transcript",
					error,
					...((deletion as typeof deletion & { payloadDurable?: boolean }).payloadDurable === true
						? { transcriptPayloadDurable: true as const }
						: {}),
					transcriptIdentity,
					detachedTranscriptPath: deletion.detachedPath ?? detachedTranscriptPath,
					...((deletion.retainedSuccessorPath ?? retainedTranscriptSuccessorPath)
						? { retainedSuccessorPath: deletion.retainedSuccessorPath ?? retainedTranscriptSuccessorPath }
						: {}),
					...((deletion.retainedPlaceholderPath ?? retainedTranscriptPlaceholderPath)
						? { retainedPlaceholderPath: deletion.retainedPlaceholderPath ?? retainedTranscriptPlaceholderPath }
						: {}),
					...((deletion.retainedUnknownPath ?? retainedTranscriptUnknownPath)
						? { retainedUnknownPath: deletion.retainedUnknownPath ?? retainedTranscriptUnknownPath }
						: {}),
				};
			}
			return { kind: "deleted" };
		}
		if (!initialStat || !initialDigest)
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("stat", "Transcript cleanup state is invalid");
		const revalidate = this.#verifiedReadAndHeader(transcriptPath, sessionId, cwd);
		const revalidateStat = revalidate.snapshot.stat;
		const revalidateDigest = createHash("sha256").update(revalidate.snapshot.bytes).digest("hex");
		if (
			revalidateStat.dev !== initialStat.dev ||
			revalidateStat.ino !== initialStat.ino ||
			revalidateStat.size !== initialStat.size ||
			revalidateStat.mtimeNs !== initialStat.mtimeNs ||
			revalidateDigest !== initialDigest
		) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError(
				"identity",
				"Transcript identity changed after artifact removal (replacement detected)",
			);
		}

		const parentIdentityNow = this.#directoryIdentity(path.dirname(transcriptPath));
		if (parentIdentityNow.dev !== parentIdentity.dev || parentIdentityNow.ino !== parentIdentity.ino) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("identity", "Parent directory identity changed during deletion");
		}

		this.#assertPathMatchesSnapshot(transcriptPath, revalidate.snapshot);
		if (!Number.isSafeInteger(revalidateStat.size) || revalidateStat.size < 0) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("identity", "Transcript size cannot be bound exactly for deletion");
		}
		const deletion = nativeExactUnlink(transcriptPath, {
			dev: initialStat.dev,
			ino: initialStat.ino,
			nlink: initialStat.nlink,
			size: BigInt(initialStat.size),
			mtimeNs: initialStat.mtimeNs,
			parentDev: authorizedTranscriptParentIdentity.dev,
			parentIno: authorizedTranscriptParentIdentity.ino,
			sha256: initialDigest,
			quarantineName: path.basename(plannedTranscriptPath),
		});
		if (!deletion.ok) {
			if (transcriptDeletionTerminal(deletion)) return { kind: "deleted" };
			const error = exactUnlinkFailure(deletion);
			const retainedAuthority =
				deletion.detachedPath ||
				deletion.retainedSuccessorPath ||
				deletion.retainedPlaceholderPath ||
				deletion.retainedUnknownPath;
			if ((error.kind === "identity" || error.kind === "symlink") && !retainedAuthority) throw error;
			return {
				kind: "cleanup_pending",
				phase: "transcript",
				error,
				...((deletion as typeof deletion & { payloadDurable?: boolean }).payloadDurable === true
					? { transcriptPayloadDurable: true as const }
					: {}),
				transcriptIdentity,
				detachedTranscriptPath: deletion.detachedPath,
				...((deletion.retainedSuccessorPath ?? retainedTranscriptSuccessorPath)
					? { retainedSuccessorPath: deletion.retainedSuccessorPath ?? retainedTranscriptSuccessorPath }
					: {}),
				...((deletion.retainedPlaceholderPath ?? retainedTranscriptPlaceholderPath)
					? { retainedPlaceholderPath: deletion.retainedPlaceholderPath ?? retainedTranscriptPlaceholderPath }
					: {}),
				...((deletion.retainedUnknownPath ?? retainedTranscriptUnknownPath)
					? { retainedUnknownPath: deletion.retainedUnknownPath ?? retainedTranscriptUnknownPath }
					: {}),
			};
		}
		return { kind: "deleted" };
	}

	#verifiedReadAndHeader(
		transcriptPath: string,
		expectedSessionId: string,
		expectedCwd: string,
	): { snapshot: SessionStorageSnapshot } {
		let snapshot: SessionStorageSnapshot;
		try {
			snapshot = this.readSnapshotSync(transcriptPath);
		} catch (err) {
			const code = (err as NodeJS.ErrnoException)?.code;
			if (code === "ELOOP" || code === "SYMLINK") {
				throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("symlink", "Transcript path is a symlink");
			}
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("stat", "Transcript could not be opened or read", {
				cause: toError(err),
			});
		}
		if (!snapshot.stat.isFile) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("symlink", "Transcript is not a regular file");
		}
		const header = parseFirstJsonlLine(snapshot.bytes);
		if (!header) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("header", "Transcript header is missing or unreadable");
		}
		if (header.type !== "session" || typeof header.id !== "string") {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("header", "Transcript header is not a valid session header");
		}
		if (header.id !== expectedSessionId) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("identity", "Transcript header id does not match authorization");
		}
		if (typeof header.cwd !== "string") {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("cwd", "Transcript header is missing a cwd");
		}
		if (canonicalPathSync(header.cwd) !== canonicalPathSync(expectedCwd)) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("cwd", "Transcript header cwd does not match authorization");
		}
		return { snapshot };
	}

	#assertPathMatchesSnapshot(transcriptPath: string, snapshot: SessionStorageSnapshot): void {
		let named: fs.BigIntStats;
		try {
			named = fs.lstatSync(transcriptPath, { bigint: true });
		} catch (err) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("stat", "Transcript path could not be revalidated", {
				cause: toError(err),
			});
		}
		if (
			named.isSymbolicLink() ||
			!named.isFile() ||
			named.dev !== snapshot.stat.dev ||
			named.ino !== snapshot.stat.ino ||
			Number(named.size) !== snapshot.stat.size ||
			named.mtimeNs !== snapshot.stat.mtimeNs
		) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("identity", "Transcript path changed before deletion");
		}
	}

	#directoryIdentity(dirPath: string): SessionStorageFileIdentity {
		let stat: fs.BigIntStats;
		try {
			stat = fs.lstatSync(dirPath, { bigint: true });
		} catch (err) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("stat", "Directory could not be inspected", { cause: toError(err) });
		}
		if (stat.isSymbolicLink() || !stat.isDirectory()) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("symlink", "Directory is a symlink or not a directory");
		}
		return {
			dev: stat.dev,
			ino: stat.ino,
			nlink: stat.nlink,
			size: Number(stat.size),
			mtimeNs: stat.mtimeNs,
			sha256: "",
		};
	}

	#optionalDirectoryIdentity(dirPath: string): SessionStorageFileIdentity | undefined {
		let stat: fs.BigIntStats;
		try {
			stat = fs.lstatSync(dirPath, { bigint: true });
		} catch (err) {
			if (isEnoent(err)) return undefined;
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("artifacts", "Artifact directory could not be inspected", {
				cause: toError(err),
			});
		}
		if (stat.isSymbolicLink()) {
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("symlink", "Artifact directory is a symlink");
		}
		if (!stat.isDirectory()) {
			// A non-directory artifact sibling (regular file, socket, device, ...) must
			// not be silently treated as an absent artifacts directory: doing so would
			// let the verified delete report success while a foreign artifact remains.
			// Fail closed before any mutation.
			throw new SessionDeleteVerificationError("artifacts", "Artifact path exists but is not a directory");
		}
		return {
			dev: stat.dev,
			ino: stat.ino,
			nlink: stat.nlink,
			size: Number(stat.size),
			mtimeNs: stat.mtimeNs,
			sha256: "",
		};
	}
}

/** Parse the first JSONL line as a generic record; returns undefined on parse failure. */
function parseFirstJsonlLine(bytes: Uint8Array): Record<string, unknown> | undefined {
	const NL = 0x0a;
	const end = bytes.indexOf(NL);
	const firstLine = end === -1 ? bytes : bytes.subarray(0, end);
	if (firstLine.length === 0) return undefined;
	try {
		const text = utf8Decoder.decode(firstLine).trim();
		if (!text) return undefined;
		const value: unknown = JSON.parse(text);
		return typeof value === "object" && value !== null ? (value as Record<string, unknown>) : undefined;
	} catch {
		return undefined;
	}
}

function matchesPattern(name: string, pattern: string): boolean {
	if (pattern === "*") return true;
	if (pattern === ".*") return name.startsWith(".");
	if (pattern.startsWith("*.")) {
		return name.endsWith(pattern.slice(1));
	}
	return name === pattern;
}
/**
 * In-memory staged streaming writer: mirrors the file-backend contract exactly
 * (line streaming, in-place same-length patchLine, bounded buffered overlay for
 * different-length patches, missing-only no-replace publication) against the
 * backing MemorySessionStorage so parity tests can exercise the full surface
 * without touching the filesystem.
 */
class MemoryStagedStreamingWriter implements StagedStreamingWriter {
	#storage: MemorySessionStorage;
	#path: string;
	#lines: Buffer[] = [];
	#pendingPatches = new Map<number, Uint8Array>();
	#pendingPatchBytes = 0;
	#retainedLineBytes = 0;
	#closed = false;
	#published = false;
	#error: Error | undefined;

	constructor(storage: MemorySessionStorage, path: string) {
		this.#storage = storage;
		this.#path = path;
	}

	#assertOpen(): void {
		if (this.#closed) throw new Error("Staged writer is closed");
		if (this.#error) throw this.#error;
	}

	writeLine(bytes: Uint8Array): void {
		this.#assertOpen();
		if (bytes.byteLength > STAGED_WRITER_LINE_MAX_BYTES)
			throw new RangeError("Staged line exceeds the bounded maximum");
		if (
			this.#lines.length >= STAGED_MEMORY_WRITER_MAX_LINES ||
			this.#retainedLineBytes + bytes.byteLength + 1 > STAGED_MEMORY_WRITER_MAX_BYTES
		)
			throw new Error("staged_memory_capacity_exceeded");
		this.#lines.push(Buffer.from(bytes));
		this.#retainedLineBytes += bytes.byteLength + 1;
	}

	seekToLine(ordinal: number): void {
		this.#assertOpen();
		if (ordinal < 0 || ordinal >= this.#lines.length) throw new RangeError("Line ordinal is not staged");
	}

	patchLine(ordinal: number, bytes: Uint8Array): void {
		this.#assertOpen();
		if (ordinal < 0 || ordinal >= this.#lines.length) throw new RangeError("Line ordinal is not staged");
		const existing = this.#lines[ordinal];
		if (!existing) throw new RangeError("Line ordinal is not staged");
		if (bytes.byteLength === existing.byteLength) {
			this.#lines[ordinal] = Buffer.from(bytes);
			return;
		}
		const prior = this.#pendingPatches.get(ordinal);
		if (prior) {
			const nextPatchBytes = this.#pendingPatchBytes - prior.byteLength + bytes.byteLength;
			if (nextPatchBytes > STAGED_WRITER_PATCH_LIMIT_BYTES) {
				this.#error = new Error("staged_overlay_capacity_exceeded");
				throw this.#error;
			}
			this.#pendingPatches.set(ordinal, Buffer.from(bytes));
			this.#pendingPatchBytes = nextPatchBytes;
			return;
		}
		if (
			this.#pendingPatches.size >= STAGED_WRITER_PATCH_MAX_COUNT ||
			this.#pendingPatchBytes + bytes.byteLength > STAGED_WRITER_PATCH_LIMIT_BYTES
		) {
			this.#error = new Error("staged_overlay_capacity_exceeded");
			throw this.#error;
		}
		this.#pendingPatches.set(ordinal, Buffer.from(bytes));
		this.#pendingPatchBytes += bytes.byteLength;
	}

	flush(): void {
		this.#assertOpen();
	}

	fsync(): void {
		this.#assertOpen();
	}

	closeSync(): void {
		if (this.#closed) return;
		if (this.#error) throw this.#error;
		this.#closed = true;
	}

	publishNoReplace(): void {
		if (this.#published) throw new Error("Staged writer already published");
		if (!this.#closed) throw new Error("Staged writer must be closed before publication");
		if (this.#error) throw this.#error;
		if (this.#storage.existsSync(this.#path)) throw new Error("destination_conflict");
		const selectedLines = this.#lines.map((line, index) => this.#pendingPatches.get(index) ?? line);
		const totalBytes = selectedLines.reduce((total, line) => total + line.byteLength + 1, 0);
		if (totalBytes > STAGED_MEMORY_WRITER_MAX_BYTES + STAGED_WRITER_PATCH_LIMIT_BYTES)
			throw new Error("staged_memory_capacity_exceeded");
		const content = Buffer.allocUnsafe(totalBytes);
		let offset = 0;
		for (const line of selectedLines) {
			Buffer.from(line).copy(content, offset);
			offset += line.byteLength;
			content[offset++] = 0x0a;
		}
		this.#lines.length = 0;
		this.#pendingPatches.clear();
		this.#storage.writeBytesOwnedSync(this.#path, content);
		this.#published = true;
	}
}

class MemorySessionStorageWriter implements SessionStorageBufferedWriter {
	#storage: MemorySessionStorage;
	#path: string;
	#closeState: SessionStorageWriterCloseState = "open";
	#closeError: Error | undefined;
	#error: Error | undefined;
	#onError: ((err: Error) => void) | undefined;

	#closeAdapter: SessionStorageWriterCloseAdapter | undefined;
	#bytes: Buffer;
	#length = 0;
	#bufferSize: number | undefined;
	#buffer: Buffer | undefined;
	#bufferedBytes = 0;
	#bytesSubmitted = 0;
	#bytesWritten = 0;
	#writeCalls = 0;
	#flushCalls = 0;

	constructor(storage: MemorySessionStorage, path: string, options?: SessionStorageWriterOpenOptions) {
		this.#storage = storage;
		this.#path = path;
		this.#onError = options?.onError;
		this.#closeAdapter = options?.closeAdapter;
		this.#bufferSize =
			options?.bufferSize === undefined ? undefined : normalizeBufferedWriterCapacity(options.bufferSize);
		this.#buffer = this.#bufferSize === undefined ? undefined : Buffer.allocUnsafe(this.#bufferSize);
		const existing =
			options?.flags === "w" || !storage.existsSync(path)
				? Buffer.alloc(0)
				: Buffer.from(storage.readBytesSync(path));
		this.#length = existing.byteLength;
		this.#bytes = Buffer.allocUnsafe(Math.max(existing.byteLength, 4096));
		existing.copy(this.#bytes);
		if (options?.flags === "w") this.#storage.writeBytesOwnedSync(path, this.#bytes.subarray(0, 0));
	}

	#recordError(err: unknown): Error {
		const error = toError(err);
		if (!this.#error) this.#error = error;
		this.#onError?.(error);
		return error;
	}

	#nonOpenWriteError(): Error {
		switch (this.#closeState) {
			case "closed":
				return new Error("Writer closed");
			case "close_unknown":
				return this.#closeError ?? new Error("Writer close outcome is unknown; descriptor quarantined");
			case "close_failed_retryable":
				return this.#closeError ?? new Error("Writer close failed before dispatch (retryable); writes rejected");
			default:
				return new Error("Writer closed");
		}
	}

	#assertOpen(): void {
		if (this.#closeState !== "open") throw this.#nonOpenWriteError();
		if (this.#error) throw this.#error;
	}

	#asBuffer(bytes: Uint8Array): Buffer {
		if (Buffer.isBuffer(bytes)) return bytes;
		return Buffer.from(bytes.buffer, bytes.byteOffset, bytes.byteLength);
	}

	#appendToBytes(bytes: Uint8Array): void {
		const source = this.#asBuffer(bytes);
		const nextLength = this.#length + source.byteLength;
		if (nextLength > this.#bytes.byteLength) {
			const expanded = Buffer.allocUnsafe(Math.max(nextLength, this.#bytes.byteLength * 2));
			this.#bytes.copy(expanded, 0, 0, this.#length);
			this.#bytes = expanded;
		}
		source.copy(this.#bytes, this.#length);
		this.#length = nextLength;
	}

	#writeCurrent(bytesWritten: number): void {
		this.#writeCalls++;
		this.#storage.writeBytesOwnedSync(this.#path, Buffer.from(this.#bytes.subarray(0, this.#length)));
		this.#bytesWritten += bytesWritten;
	}

	#flushPending(): void {
		this.#flushCalls++;
		if (!this.#buffer || this.#bufferedBytes === 0) return;
		const pendingBytes = this.#bufferedBytes;
		const nextLength = this.#length + pendingBytes;
		if (nextLength > this.#bytes.byteLength) {
			const expanded = Buffer.allocUnsafe(Math.max(nextLength, this.#bytes.byteLength * 2));
			this.#bytes.copy(expanded, 0, 0, this.#length);
			this.#bytes = expanded;
		}
		this.#buffer.copy(this.#bytes, this.#length, 0, pendingBytes);
		this.#writeCalls++;
		this.#storage.writeBytesOwnedSync(this.#path, Buffer.from(this.#bytes.subarray(0, nextLength)));
		this.#length = nextLength;
		this.#bufferedBytes = 0;
		this.#bytesWritten += pendingBytes;
	}

	#appendBytes(bytes: Uint8Array): void {
		if (bytes.byteLength === 0) return;
		if (!this.#buffer || !this.#bufferSize) {
			this.#appendToBytes(bytes);
			this.#writeCurrent(bytes.byteLength);
			return;
		}
		const source = this.#asBuffer(bytes);
		if (source.byteLength >= this.#bufferSize) {
			this.#flushPending();
			this.#appendToBytes(source);
			this.#writeCurrent(source.byteLength);
			return;
		}
		if (this.#bufferedBytes + source.byteLength > this.#bufferSize) this.#flushPending();
		source.copy(this.#buffer, this.#bufferedBytes);
		this.#bufferedBytes += source.byteLength;
		if (this.#bufferedBytes === this.#bufferSize) this.#flushPending();
	}

	writeBytesSync(bytes: Uint8Array): void {
		this.#assertOpen();
		try {
			this.#appendBytes(bytes);
			this.#bytesSubmitted += bytes.byteLength;
		} catch (err) {
			throw this.#recordError(err);
		}
	}

	writeLineSync(line: string): void {
		this.writeBytesSync(Buffer.from(line, "utf8"));
	}

	async writeLine(line: string): Promise<void> {
		this.writeLineSync(line);
	}

	flushSync(): void {
		this.#assertOpen();
		try {
			this.#flushPending();
		} catch (err) {
			throw this.#recordError(err);
		}
	}

	async flush(): Promise<void> {
		this.flushSync();
	}

	fsyncSync(): void {
		this.#assertOpen();
		try {
			this.#flushPending();
		} catch (err) {
			throw this.#recordError(err);
		}
	}

	statSync(): SessionStorageStat {
		this.#assertOpen();
		return this.#storage.statSync(this.#path);
	}

	async fsync(): Promise<void> {
		this.fsyncSync();
	}

	closeSync(): void {
		// In-memory close has no numeric fd. When a close adapter is injected it
		// controls the certainty-aware lifecycle (used to exercise retryable /
		// quarantined close paths end-to-end); without one the close always
		// succeeds. The sentinel fd (-1) signals "no real descriptor".
		if (this.#closeState === "closed") return;
		if (this.#closeState === "close_unknown") throw this.#closeError!;

		let flushError: Error | undefined;
		if (!this.#error) {
			try {
				this.#flushPending();
			} catch (err) {
				flushError = this.#recordError(err);
			}
		}
		if (this.#closeAdapter) {
			try {
				this.#closeAdapter.close(-1);
			} catch (err) {
				if (err instanceof SessionStorageWriterRetryableCloseError) {
					this.#closeState = "close_failed_retryable";
					this.#closeError = toError(err);
					throw this.#closeError;
				}
				this.#closeState = "close_unknown";
				this.#closeError = toError(err);
				throw this.#closeError;
			}
		}
		this.#closeState = "closed";
		this.#closeError = undefined;
		this.#bufferedBytes = 0;
		if (flushError) throw flushError;
	}

	async close(): Promise<void> {
		this.closeSync();
	}

	getError(): Error | undefined {
		return this.#error;
	}

	getCloseState(): SessionStorageWriterCloseState {
		return this.#closeState;
	}

	getCloseError(): Error | undefined {
		return this.#closeError;
	}

	getInstrumentation(): SessionStorageBufferedWriterInstrumentation {
		return {
			bytesSubmitted: this.#bytesSubmitted,
			bytesWritten: this.#bytesWritten,
			writeCalls: this.#writeCalls,
			flushCalls: this.#flushCalls,
			bufferedBytes: this.#bufferedBytes,
		};
	}
}

export class MemorySessionStorage implements SessionStorage {
	#files = new Map<string, { content: Buffer; mtimeMs: number; ino: bigint }>();
	#nextInode = 1n;
	acquireExclusiveLockSync(
		lockPath: string,
		_options?: { securityContext?: SessionStorageSecurityContext },
	): SessionStorageExclusiveLock | undefined {
		if (this.#files.has(lockPath)) return undefined;
		const ino = this.#nextInode++;
		this.#files.set(lockPath, {
			content: Buffer.from(`${process.pid}:${randomUUID()}\n`, "utf8"),
			mtimeMs: Date.now(),
			ino,
		});
		let released = false;
		return {
			releaseSync: () => {
				if (released) return;
				released = true;
				if (this.#files.get(lockPath)?.ino === ino) this.#files.delete(lockPath);
			},
		};
	}

	#statFor(entry: { content: Buffer; mtimeMs: number; ino: bigint }): SessionStorageStat {
		return {
			dev: 0n,
			ino: entry.ino,
			nlink: 1n,
			size: entry.content.byteLength,
			mtimeMs: entry.mtimeMs,
			mtimeNs: BigInt(entry.mtimeMs) * 1_000_000n,
			ctimeNs: BigInt(entry.mtimeMs) * 1_000_000n,
			mtime: new Date(entry.mtimeMs),
			isFile: true,
		};
	}

	ensureDirSync(_dir: string): void {
		// No-op for in-memory storage.
	}

	existsSync(path: string): boolean {
		return this.#files.has(path);
	}

	writeBytesOwnedSync(path: string, content: Buffer): void {
		const existing = this.#files.get(path);
		this.#files.set(path, {
			content,
			mtimeMs: Date.now(),
			ino: existing?.ino ?? this.#nextInode++,
		});
	}

	writeTextSync(path: string, content: string): void {
		const existing = this.#files.get(path);
		this.#files.set(path, {
			content: Buffer.from(content, "utf-8"),
			mtimeMs: Date.now(),
			ino: existing?.ino ?? this.#nextInode++,
		});
	}

	readTextSync(path: string): string {
		const entry = this.#files.get(path);
		if (!entry) throw new Error(`File not found: ${path}`);
		return entry.content.toString("utf-8");
	}

	readBytesSync(path: string): Uint8Array {
		return this.readSnapshotSync(path).bytes;
	}

	readSnapshotSync(path: string): SessionStorageSnapshot {
		const entry = this.#files.get(path);
		if (!entry) throw new Error(`File not found: ${path}`);
		return { bytes: Buffer.from(entry.content), stat: this.#statFor(entry) };
	}
	/**
	 * Bounded recorded-length read with descriptor identity validation: mirrors the
	 * file backend's contract (dev/ino/nlink identity, exact `length` bytes present)
	 * against the in-memory file model so parity tests can compare backends.
	 */
	readRangeSync(path: string, start: number, length: number): SessionStorageRangeSnapshot {
		validateRangeReadBounds(start, length);
		const entry = this.#files.get(path);
		if (!entry) throw new Error(`File not found: ${path}`);
		if (entry.content.byteLength < start + length) throw new Error("range_not_present");
		return { bytes: Buffer.from(entry.content.subarray(start, start + length)), stat: this.#statFor(entry) };
	}

	async readRange(path: string, start: number, length: number): Promise<SessionStorageRangeSnapshot> {
		return this.readRangeSync(path, start, length);
	}

	statSync(path: string): SessionStorageStat {
		const entry = this.#files.get(path);
		if (!entry) throw new Error(`File not found: ${path}`);
		return this.#statFor(entry);
	}

	listFilesSync(dir: string, pattern: string): string[] {
		const prefix = dir.endsWith("/") ? dir : `${dir}/`;
		const files: string[] = [];
		for (const path of this.#files.keys()) {
			if (!path.startsWith(prefix)) continue;
			const name = path.slice(prefix.length);
			if (name.includes("/") || name.includes("\\")) continue;
			if (!matchesPattern(name, pattern)) continue;
			files.push(path);
		}
		return files;
	}
	listFilesByMtime(dir: string, pattern: string): Promise<Array<{ path: string; mtimeMs: number }>> {
		const files = this.listFilesSync(dir, pattern)
			.map(path => ({ path, mtimeMs: this.statSync(path).mtimeMs }))
			.sort((a, b) => b.mtimeMs - a.mtimeMs);
		return Promise.resolve(files);
	}
	listFilesStrictSync(dir: string, pattern: string): string[] {
		// In-memory scan never suppresses; identical to the display scan.
		return this.listFilesSync(dir, pattern);
	}

	exists(path: string): Promise<boolean> {
		return Promise.resolve(this.existsSync(path));
	}

	readText(path: string): Promise<string> {
		const entry = this.#files.get(path);
		if (!entry) return Promise.reject(new Error(`File not found: ${path}`));
		return Promise.resolve(entry.content.toString("utf-8"));
	}

	readTextPrefix(path: string, maxBytes: number): Promise<string> {
		const entry = this.#files.get(path);
		if (!entry) return Promise.reject(new Error(`File not found: ${path}`));
		return Promise.resolve(entry.content.subarray(0, maxBytes).toString("utf-8"));
	}

	writeText(path: string, content: string): Promise<void> {
		this.writeTextSync(path, content);
		return Promise.resolve();
	}

	rename(path: string, nextPath: string): Promise<void> {
		const entry = this.#files.get(path);
		if (!entry) return Promise.reject(new Error(`File not found: ${path}`));
		this.#files.set(nextPath, entry);
		this.#files.delete(path);
		return Promise.resolve();
	}

	renameSync(path: string, nextPath: string): void {
		const entry = this.#files.get(path);
		if (!entry) throw new Error(`File not found: ${path}`);
		this.#files.set(nextPath, entry);
		this.#files.delete(path);
	}

	replaceExactSync(
		sourcePath: string,
		destinationPath: string,
		expected: SessionStorageExactReplacementExpectation,
	): boolean {
		const source = this.#files.get(sourcePath);
		const destination = this.#files.get(destinationPath);
		if (!source || !destination) return false;
		if (!sameDescriptorIdentity(this.#statFor(destination), expected.stat)) return false;
		if (createHash("sha256").update(destination.content).digest("hex") !== expected.sha256) return false;
		this.#files.set(destinationPath, source);
		this.#files.delete(sourcePath);
		return true;
	}

	unlink(path: string): Promise<void> {
		this.#files.delete(path);
		return Promise.resolve();
	}

	unlinkSync(path: string): void {
		this.#files.delete(path);
	}

	deleteSessionWithArtifacts(sessionPath: string): Promise<void> {
		this.#files.delete(sessionPath);
		const artifactPrefix = sessionPath.endsWith(".jsonl") ? `${sessionPath.slice(0, -6)}/` : `${sessionPath}/`;
		for (const candidate of [...this.#files.keys()]) {
			if (
				(candidate.startsWith(`${sessionPath}.spill.`) || candidate.startsWith(artifactPrefix)) &&
				isDerivedSessionMemoryFile(candidate)
			)
				this.#files.delete(candidate);
		}
		return Promise.resolve();
	}

	deleteSessionVerified(target: VerifiedSessionDeleteTarget): Promise<VerifiedSessionDeleteResult> {
		const { sessionsRoot, transcriptPath, sessionId, cwd, transcriptIdentity } = target;
		// Canonical containment: same gate as the file backend so the memory backend
		// cannot grant deletion authority outside the sessions root.
		if (!transcriptPath.endsWith(".jsonl")) {
			return Promise.reject(
				new SessionDeleteVerificationError("containment", "Transcript path is not a .jsonl file"),
			);
		}
		if (!pathIsWithin(sessionsRoot, transcriptPath)) {
			return Promise.reject(
				new SessionDeleteVerificationError("containment", "Transcript is outside the sessions root"),
			);
		}
		const entry = this.#files.get(transcriptPath);
		if (!entry) return Promise.resolve({ kind: "deleted" });
		const snapshot = this.readSnapshotSync(transcriptPath);
		if (
			snapshot.stat.dev !== transcriptIdentity.dev ||
			snapshot.stat.ino !== transcriptIdentity.ino ||
			snapshot.stat.nlink !== transcriptIdentity.nlink
		) {
			return Promise.reject(new SessionDeleteVerificationError("identity", "Transcript identity mismatch"));
		}
		const header = parseFirstJsonlLine(snapshot.bytes);
		if (!header) {
			return Promise.reject(
				new SessionDeleteVerificationError("header", "Transcript header is missing or unreadable"),
			);
		}
		// Require the typed session header exactly like the file backend: a memory
		// backend must not accept a non-session artifact as a deletable transcript.
		if (header.type !== "session" || typeof header.id !== "string") {
			return Promise.reject(
				new SessionDeleteVerificationError("header", "Transcript header is not a valid session header"),
			);
		}
		if (header.id !== sessionId) {
			return Promise.reject(new SessionDeleteVerificationError("identity", "Transcript header id mismatch"));
		}
		if (typeof header.cwd !== "string") {
			return Promise.reject(new SessionDeleteVerificationError("cwd", "Transcript header is missing a cwd"));
		}
		if (path.resolve(header.cwd) !== path.resolve(cwd)) {
			return Promise.reject(new SessionDeleteVerificationError("cwd", "Transcript header cwd mismatch"));
		}
		// Compatible artifact semantics: the memory backend models no directories, so
		// a key at the artifact path is a non-directory sibling that must fail closed
		// rather than be silently treated as an absent artifacts directory.
		const artifactsPath = transcriptPath.slice(0, -6);
		if (artifactsPath !== transcriptPath && this.#files.has(artifactsPath)) {
			return Promise.reject(
				new SessionDeleteVerificationError("artifacts", "Artifact path exists but is not a directory"),
			);
		}
		for (const candidate of [...this.#files.keys()]) {
			if (candidate.startsWith(`${transcriptPath}.spill.`) && isDerivedSessionMemoryFile(candidate))
				this.#files.delete(candidate);
		}
		this.#files.delete(transcriptPath);
		return Promise.resolve({ kind: "deleted" });
	}

	openWriter(path: string, options?: SessionStorageWriterOpenOptions): SessionStorageWriter {
		return new MemorySessionStorageWriter(this, path, options);
	}
	openBufferedWriter(path: string, options?: SessionStorageWriterOpenOptions): SessionStorageBufferedWriter {
		return new MemorySessionStorageWriter(this, path, {
			...options,
			bufferSize: options?.bufferSize ?? SESSION_STORAGE_BUFFERED_WRITER_DEFAULT_BYTES,
		}) as SessionStorageBufferedWriter;
	}

	openStagedWriter(path: string): StagedStreamingWriter {
		return new MemoryStagedStreamingWriter(this, path);
	}
}

/**
 * Outcome of a disk-retention retirement attempt.
 *
 * `kept` means the transcript survived and nothing of the session was
 * destroyed, with the exact reason so `gjc gc --disk` can report it.
 * `cleanup_pending` means the delete authority already detached or removed the
 * session's artifact tree (or quarantined the transcript) before it stopped:
 * the record survives, the session does not, and a caller must NOT report that
 * as an ordinary keep.
 */
export type SessionRetirementOutcome =
	| { kind: "retired" }
	| { kind: "kept"; reason: string }
	| { kind: "cleanup_pending"; reason: string };

/** A retirement that cleared every precondition the retention pass itself owns. */
type SessionRetirementPlan =
	| { kind: "retirable"; target: VerifiedSessionDeleteTarget; artifactsPresent: boolean }
	| { kind: "kept"; reason: string };

/**
 * Evaluate the preconditions retirement owns — the transcript must be readable
 * and carry a usable session header — and bind the delete target to the exact
 * bytes just read. Nothing here mutates the store.
 */
function planSessionRetirement(
	storage: FileSessionStorage,
	sessionsRoot: string,
	transcriptPath: string,
): SessionRetirementPlan {
	let snapshot: SessionStorageSnapshot;
	try {
		snapshot = storage.readSnapshotSync(transcriptPath);
	} catch (err) {
		return { kind: "kept", reason: `transcript_unreadable: ${toError(err).message}` };
	}

	const header = parseFirstJsonlLine(snapshot.bytes);
	if (header?.type !== "session" || typeof header.id !== "string" || typeof header.cwd !== "string") {
		return { kind: "kept", reason: "transcript_header_unusable" };
	}

	// The verified delete authority only unlinks a single-link transcript, so a
	// hard-linked one can never be retired. Refusing here keeps the dry run from
	// promising bytes prune cannot release, and — because this runs before the
	// artifact phase — keeps a doomed retirement from destroying the artifact
	// tree of a session whose transcript will survive anyway.
	if (snapshot.stat.nlink === undefined || snapshot.stat.nlink !== 1n) {
		return { kind: "kept", reason: "transcript_not_single_link" };
	}

	const directory = path.dirname(transcriptPath);
	return {
		kind: "retirable",
		artifactsPresent: storage.existsSync(transcriptPath.slice(0, -".jsonl".length)),
		target: {
			sessionsRoot,
			transcriptPath,
			sessionId: header.id,
			cwd: header.cwd,
			transcriptIdentity: {
				dev: snapshot.stat.dev,
				ino: snapshot.stat.ino,
				nlink: snapshot.stat.nlink,
				size: snapshot.stat.size,
				mtimeNs: snapshot.stat.mtimeNs,
				sha256: createHash("sha256").update(snapshot.bytes).digest("hex"),
			},
			plannedArtifactsPath: path.join(directory, `.gjc-delete-gc-${randomUUID()}-artifacts`),
			plannedTranscriptPath: path.join(directory, `.gjc-delete-gc-${randomUUID()}-transcript`),
		},
	};
}

/**
 * Non-mutating projection of {@link retireSessionTranscript}: would the
 * retention pass's own preconditions let this transcript be retired at all?
 *
 * `gjc gc --disk` runs it so a dry run reports the verdict a prune would reach
 * instead of promising bytes the delete authority will refuse to release. The
 * authority's verdict (containment, identity, artifact tree) is deliberately
 * not predicted here — it is re-derived against live state at delete time.
 */
export function probeSessionRetirement(
	storage: FileSessionStorage,
	sessionsRoot: string,
	transcriptPath: string,
): { kind: "retirable" } | { kind: "kept"; reason: string } {
	const plan = planSessionRetirement(storage, sessionsRoot, transcriptPath);
	return plan.kind === "retirable" ? { kind: "retirable" } : plan;
}

/**
 * A transcript that survives after its artifacts are already gone is not a
 * benign keep: the session is half-destroyed and the caller has to surface it.
 */
function retirementIncomplete(artifactsRemoved: boolean, reason: string): SessionRetirementOutcome {
	return artifactsRemoved ? { kind: "cleanup_pending", reason } : { kind: "kept", reason };
}

/**
 * Retire one managed session transcript through the verified hard-delete
 * authority.
 *
 * This is the only supported way for a retention pass to remove a transcript:
 * identity, containment, header id/cwd, artifact tree and parent directory are
 * all re-verified inside {@link FileSessionStorage.deleteSessionVerified}, and
 * anything ambiguous fails closed as `kept` rather than deleting bytes. The
 * caller owns the retention policy; this function owns nothing but the delete
 * authority.
 */
export async function retireSessionTranscript(
	storage: FileSessionStorage,
	sessionsRoot: string,
	transcriptPath: string,
): Promise<SessionRetirementOutcome> {
	const plan = planSessionRetirement(storage, sessionsRoot, transcriptPath);
	if (plan.kind === "kept") return plan;

	let artifactsRemoved = false;
	try {
		// Phase 1 removes the sibling artifact directory (or proves it absent);
		// phase 2 unlinks the transcript only against the same bound identity.
		const artifacts = await storage.deleteSessionVerified(plan.target);
		if (artifacts.kind === "deleted") return { kind: "retired" };
		if (artifacts.kind === "cleanup_pending") {
			return { kind: "cleanup_pending", reason: `cleanup_pending_${artifacts.phase}: ${artifacts.error.message}` };
		}
		// Phase 1 is durable: whatever artifact tree the session had is gone, so
		// every later refusal leaves a record without its artifacts.
		artifactsRemoved = plan.artifactsPresent;
		const deletion = await storage.deleteSessionVerified({ ...plan.target, artifactsRemoved: true });
		if (deletion.kind === "deleted") return { kind: "retired" };
		if (deletion.kind === "cleanup_pending") {
			return { kind: "cleanup_pending", reason: `cleanup_pending_${deletion.phase}: ${deletion.error.message}` };
		}
		return retirementIncomplete(artifactsRemoved, "transcript_not_deleted");
	} catch (err) {
		const error = toError(err);
		const kind = err instanceof SessionDeleteVerificationError ? err.kind : "error";
		return retirementIncomplete(artifactsRemoved, `verified_delete_rejected(${kind}): ${error.message}`);
	}
}