Intuition lies
Gambler's fallacy, birthday paradox, Monty Hall
Tools
Probability, expected value, law of large numbers
House edge
Small % × thousands of bets = profit
Jagger
Collected data → found an anomaly
Thorp
Used the past → predicted the future
MIT
Put the law of large numbers on the players' side
The difference between the player and the casino is not luck.
It is who understands the mathematics better.