/**
 * Bulkhead Pattern
 *
 * Isolates failures by limiting concurrent executions.
 *
 * @module v3/shared/resilience/bulkhead
 */

import { EventEmitter } from 'events';

/**
 * Bulkhead options
 */
export interface BulkheadOptions {
  /** Name for identification */
  name: string;

  /** Maximum concurrent executions */
  maxConcurrent: number;

  /** Maximum queue size */
  maxQueue: number;

  /** Timeout for queued items in ms */
  queueTimeout: number;

  /** Callback when rejected */
  onRejected?: (reason: 'full' | 'timeout') => void;
}

/**
 * Bulkhead statistics
 */
export interface BulkheadStats {
  active: number;
  queued: number;
  maxConcurrent: number;
  maxQueue: number;
  completed: number;
  rejected: number;
  timedOut: number;
}

/**
 * Queued item
 */
interface QueuedItem<T> {
  fn: () => Promise<T>;
  resolve: (value: T) => void;
  reject: (error: Error) => void;
  queuedAt: number;
  timeoutId?: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>;
}

/**
 * Default options
 */
const DEFAULT_OPTIONS: Omit<BulkheadOptions, 'name'> = {
  maxConcurrent: 10,
  maxQueue: 100,
  queueTimeout: 30000,
};

/**
 * Bulkhead
 *
 * Limits concurrent executions to prevent resource exhaustion.
 *
 * @example
 * const bulkhead = new Bulkhead({
 *   name: 'database',
 *   maxConcurrent: 10,
 *   maxQueue: 50,
 * });
 *
 * try {
 *   const result = await bulkhead.execute(() => dbQuery());
 * } catch (error) {
 *   if (error.message.includes('Bulkhead full')) {
 *     // Handle capacity exceeded
 *   }
 * }
 */
export class Bulkhead extends EventEmitter {
  private readonly options: BulkheadOptions;
  private active = 0;
  private readonly queue: Array<QueuedItem<unknown>> = [];
  private completed = 0;
  private rejected = 0;
  private timedOut = 0;

  constructor(options: BulkheadOptions) {
    super();
    this.options = { ...DEFAULT_OPTIONS, ...options };
  }

  /**
   * Execute a function within the bulkhead
   */
  async execute<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
    // If there's room for execution, run immediately
    if (this.active < this.options.maxConcurrent) {
      return this.runNow(fn);
    }

    // Check if queue is full
    if (this.queue.length >= this.options.maxQueue) {
      this.rejected++;
      this.options.onRejected?.('full');
      throw new Error(`Bulkhead '${this.options.name}' is full. Max concurrent: ${this.options.maxConcurrent}, queue: ${this.options.maxQueue}`);
    }

    // Add to queue
    return this.addToQueue(fn);
  }

  /**
   * Get current statistics
   */
  getStats(): BulkheadStats {
    return {
      active: this.active,
      queued: this.queue.length,
      maxConcurrent: this.options.maxConcurrent,
      maxQueue: this.options.maxQueue,
      completed: this.completed,
      rejected: this.rejected,
      timedOut: this.timedOut,
    };
  }

  /**
   * Check if there's capacity available
   */
  hasCapacity(): boolean {
    return this.active < this.options.maxConcurrent || this.queue.length < this.options.maxQueue;
  }

  /**
   * Get available capacity (concurrent + queue)
   */
  availableCapacity(): number {
    const concurrentAvailable = this.options.maxConcurrent - this.active;
    const queueAvailable = this.options.maxQueue - this.queue.length;
    return concurrentAvailable + queueAvailable;
  }

  /**
   * Reset statistics
   */
  resetStats(): void {
    this.completed = 0;
    this.rejected = 0;
    this.timedOut = 0;
  }

  /**
   * Run function immediately
   */
  private async runNow<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
    this.active++;
    this.emit('acquire');

    try {
      const result = await fn();
      this.completed++;
      return result;
    } finally {
      this.active--;
      this.emit('release');
      this.processQueue();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Add function to queue
   */
  private addToQueue<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      const item: QueuedItem<T> = {
        fn,
        resolve,
        reject,
        queuedAt: Date.now(),
      };

      // Set timeout for queued item
      item.timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
        const index = this.queue.indexOf(item as QueuedItem<unknown>);
        if (index !== -1) {
          this.queue.splice(index, 1);
          this.timedOut++;
          this.options.onRejected?.('timeout');
          reject(new Error(`Bulkhead '${this.options.name}' queue timeout after ${this.options.queueTimeout}ms`));
        }
      }, this.options.queueTimeout);

      this.queue.push(item as QueuedItem<unknown>);
      this.emit('queued', { queueLength: this.queue.length });
    });
  }

  /**
   * Process next item in queue
   */
  private processQueue(): void {
    if (this.active >= this.options.maxConcurrent) {
      return;
    }

    const item = this.queue.shift();
    if (!item) {
      return;
    }

    // Clear timeout
    if (item.timeoutId) {
      clearTimeout(item.timeoutId);
    }

    // Execute the queued function
    this.active++;
    this.emit('acquire');

    item.fn()
      .then((result) => {
        this.completed++;
        item.resolve(result);
      })
      .catch((error) => {
        item.reject(error);
      })
      .finally(() => {
        this.active--;
        this.emit('release');
        this.processQueue();
      });
  }
}

/**
 * Create a semaphore for limiting concurrent access
 */
export function createSemaphore(maxConcurrent: number): {
  acquire: () => Promise<void>;
  release: () => void;
  available: () => number;
} {
  let current = 0;
  const waiting: Array<() => void> = [];

  return {
    async acquire(): Promise<void> {
      if (current < maxConcurrent) {
        current++;
        return;
      }

      return new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
        waiting.push(resolve);
      });
    },

    release(): void {
      const next = waiting.shift();
      if (next) {
        next();
      } else {
        current = Math.max(0, current - 1);
      }
    },

    available(): number {
      return maxConcurrent - current;
    },
  };
}