// Copyright (c) 2013 Peter Ohler. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for license details.

#include "parse.h"

#include <math.h>
#include <ruby/util.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "buf.h"
#include "encode.h"
#include "mem.h"
#include "oj.h"
#include "rxclass.h"
#include "val_stack.h"

#ifdef OJ_USE_SSE4_2
#include <nmmintrin.h>
#endif

// Workaround in case INFINITY is not defined in math.h or if the OS is CentOS
#define OJ_INFINITY (1.0 / 0.0)

// #define EXP_MAX		1023
#define EXP_MAX 100000
#define DEC_MAX 15

static void next_non_white(ParseInfo pi) {
    for (; 1; pi->cur++) {
        switch (*pi->cur) {
        case ' ':
        case '\t':
        case '\f':
        case '\n':
        case '\r': break;
        default: return;
        }
    }
}

static void skip_comment(ParseInfo pi) {
    if ('*' == *pi->cur) {
        pi->cur++;
        for (; pi->cur < pi->end; pi->cur++) {
            if ('*' == *pi->cur && '/' == *(pi->cur + 1)) {
                pi->cur += 2;
                return;
            } else if (pi->end <= pi->cur) {
                oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "comment not terminated");
                return;
            }
        }
    } else if ('/' == *pi->cur) {
        for (; 1; pi->cur++) {
            switch (*pi->cur) {
            case '\n':
            case '\r':
            case '\f':
            case '\0': return;
            default: break;
            }
        }
    } else {
        oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "invalid comment format");
    }
}

static void add_value(ParseInfo pi, VALUE rval) {
    Val parent = stack_peek(&pi->stack);

    if (0 == parent) {  // simple add
        pi->add_value(pi, rval);
    } else {
        switch (parent->next) {
        case NEXT_ARRAY_NEW:
        case NEXT_ARRAY_ELEMENT:
            pi->array_append_value(pi, rval);
            parent->next = NEXT_ARRAY_COMMA;
            break;
        case NEXT_HASH_VALUE:
            pi->hash_set_value(pi, parent, rval);
            if (0 != parent->key && 0 < parent->klen && (parent->key < pi->json || pi->cur < parent->key)) {
                OJ_R_FREE((char *)parent->key);
                parent->key = 0;
            }
            parent->next = NEXT_HASH_COMMA;
            break;
        case NEXT_HASH_NEW:
        case NEXT_HASH_KEY:
        case NEXT_HASH_COMMA:
        case NEXT_NONE:
        case NEXT_ARRAY_COMMA:
        case NEXT_HASH_COLON:
        default:
            oj_set_error_at(pi,
                            oj_parse_error_class,
                            __FILE__,
                            __LINE__,
                            "expected %s",
                            oj_stack_next_string(parent->next));
            break;
        }
    }
}

static void read_null(ParseInfo pi) {
    if ('u' == *pi->cur++ && 'l' == *pi->cur++ && 'l' == *pi->cur++) {
        add_value(pi, Qnil);
    } else {
        oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "expected null");
    }
}

static void read_true(ParseInfo pi) {
    if ('r' == *pi->cur++ && 'u' == *pi->cur++ && 'e' == *pi->cur++) {
        add_value(pi, Qtrue);
    } else {
        oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "expected true");
    }
}

static void read_false(ParseInfo pi) {
    if ('a' == *pi->cur++ && 'l' == *pi->cur++ && 's' == *pi->cur++ && 'e' == *pi->cur++) {
        add_value(pi, Qfalse);
    } else {
        oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "expected false");
    }
}

static uint32_t read_hex(ParseInfo pi, const char *h) {
    uint32_t b = 0;
    int      i;

    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++, h++) {
        b = b << 4;
        if ('0' <= *h && *h <= '9') {
            b += *h - '0';
        } else if ('A' <= *h && *h <= 'F') {
            b += *h - 'A' + 10;
        } else if ('a' <= *h && *h <= 'f') {
            b += *h - 'a' + 10;
        } else {
            oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "invalid hex character");
            return 0;
        }
    }
    return b;
}

static void unicode_to_chars(ParseInfo pi, Buf buf, uint32_t code) {
    if (0x0000007F >= code) {
        buf_append(buf, (char)code);
    } else if (0x000007FF >= code) {
        buf_append(buf, 0xC0 | (code >> 6));
        buf_append(buf, 0x80 | (0x3F & code));
    } else if (0x0000FFFF >= code) {
        buf_append(buf, 0xE0 | (code >> 12));
        buf_append(buf, 0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F));
        buf_append(buf, 0x80 | (0x3F & code));
    } else if (0x001FFFFF >= code) {
        buf_append(buf, 0xF0 | (code >> 18));
        buf_append(buf, 0x80 | ((code >> 12) & 0x3F));
        buf_append(buf, 0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F));
        buf_append(buf, 0x80 | (0x3F & code));
    } else if (0x03FFFFFF >= code) {
        buf_append(buf, 0xF8 | (code >> 24));
        buf_append(buf, 0x80 | ((code >> 18) & 0x3F));
        buf_append(buf, 0x80 | ((code >> 12) & 0x3F));
        buf_append(buf, 0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F));
        buf_append(buf, 0x80 | (0x3F & code));
    } else if (0x7FFFFFFF >= code) {
        buf_append(buf, 0xFC | (code >> 30));
        buf_append(buf, 0x80 | ((code >> 24) & 0x3F));
        buf_append(buf, 0x80 | ((code >> 18) & 0x3F));
        buf_append(buf, 0x80 | ((code >> 12) & 0x3F));
        buf_append(buf, 0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F));
        buf_append(buf, 0x80 | (0x3F & code));
    } else {
        oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "invalid Unicode character");
    }
}

static inline const char *scan_string_noSIMD(const char *str, const char *end) {
    for (; '"' != *str; str++) {
        if (end <= str || '\0' == *str || '\\' == *str) {
            break;
        }
    }
    return str;
}

#ifdef OJ_USE_SSE4_2
static inline const char *scan_string_SIMD(const char *str, const char *end) {
    static const char chars[16] = "\x00\\\"";
    const __m128i     terminate = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)&chars[0]);
    const char       *_end      = (const char *)(end - 16);

    for (; str <= _end; str += 16) {
        const __m128i string = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)str);
        const int     r      = _mm_cmpestri(terminate,
                                   3,
                                   string,
                                   16,
                                   _SIDD_UBYTE_OPS | _SIDD_CMP_EQUAL_ANY | _SIDD_LEAST_SIGNIFICANT);
        if (r != 16) {
            str = (char *)(str + r);
            return str;
        }
    }

    return scan_string_noSIMD(str, end);
}
#endif

static const char *(*scan_func)(const char *str, const char *end) = scan_string_noSIMD;

void oj_scanner_init(void) {
#ifdef OJ_USE_SSE4_2
    scan_func = scan_string_SIMD;
#endif
}

// entered at /
static void read_escaped_str(ParseInfo pi, const char *start) {
    struct _buf buf;
    const char *s;
    int         cnt = (int)(pi->cur - start);
    uint32_t    code;
    Val         parent = stack_peek(&pi->stack);

    buf_init(&buf);
    buf_append_string(&buf, start, cnt);

    for (s = pi->cur; '"' != *s;) {
        const char *scanned = scan_func(s, pi->end);
        if (scanned >= pi->end || '\0' == *scanned) {
            // if (scanned >= pi->end) {
            oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "quoted string not terminated");
            buf_cleanup(&buf);
            return;
        }
        buf_append_string(&buf, s, (size_t)(scanned - s));
        s = scanned;

        if ('\\' == *s) {
            s++;
            switch (*s) {
            case 'n': buf_append(&buf, '\n'); break;
            case 'r': buf_append(&buf, '\r'); break;
            case 't': buf_append(&buf, '\t'); break;
            case 'f': buf_append(&buf, '\f'); break;
            case 'b': buf_append(&buf, '\b'); break;
            case '"': buf_append(&buf, '"'); break;
            case '/': buf_append(&buf, '/'); break;
            case '\\': buf_append(&buf, '\\'); break;
            case 'u':
                s++;
                if (0 == (code = read_hex(pi, s)) && err_has(&pi->err)) {
                    buf_cleanup(&buf);
                    return;
                }
                s += 3;
                if (0x0000D800 <= code && code <= 0x0000DFFF) {
                    uint32_t c1 = (code - 0x0000D800) & 0x000003FF;
                    uint32_t c2;

                    s++;
                    if ('\\' != *s || 'u' != *(s + 1)) {
                        if (Yes == pi->options.allow_invalid) {
                            s--;
                            unicode_to_chars(pi, &buf, code);
                            break;
                        }
                        pi->cur = s;
                        oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "invalid escaped character");
                        buf_cleanup(&buf);
                        return;
                    }
                    s += 2;
                    if (0 == (c2 = read_hex(pi, s)) && err_has(&pi->err)) {
                        buf_cleanup(&buf);
                        return;
                    }
                    s += 3;
                    c2   = (c2 - 0x0000DC00) & 0x000003FF;
                    code = ((c1 << 10) | c2) + 0x00010000;
                }
                unicode_to_chars(pi, &buf, code);
                if (err_has(&pi->err)) {
                    buf_cleanup(&buf);
                    return;
                }
                break;
            default:
                // The json gem claims this is not an error despite the
                // ECMA-404 indicating it is not valid.
                if (CompatMode == pi->options.mode) {
                    buf_append(&buf, *s);
                    break;
                }
                pi->cur = s;
                oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "invalid escaped character");
                buf_cleanup(&buf);
                return;
            }
            s++;
        }
    }
    if (0 == parent) {
        pi->add_cstr(pi, buf.head, buf_len(&buf), start);
    } else {
        switch (parent->next) {
        case NEXT_ARRAY_NEW:
        case NEXT_ARRAY_ELEMENT:
            pi->array_append_cstr(pi, buf.head, buf_len(&buf), start);
            parent->next = NEXT_ARRAY_COMMA;
            break;
        case NEXT_HASH_NEW:
        case NEXT_HASH_KEY:
            if (Qundef == (parent->key_val = pi->hash_key(pi, buf.head, buf_len(&buf)))) {
                parent->klen = buf_len(&buf);
                parent->key  = OJ_MALLOC(parent->klen + 1);
                memcpy((char *)parent->key, buf.head, parent->klen);
                *(char *)(parent->key + parent->klen) = '\0';
            } else {
                parent->key  = "";
                parent->klen = 0;
            }
            parent->k1   = *start;
            parent->next = NEXT_HASH_COLON;
            break;
        case NEXT_HASH_VALUE:
            pi->hash_set_cstr(pi, parent, buf.head, buf_len(&buf), start);
            if (0 != parent->key && 0 < parent->klen && (parent->key < pi->json || pi->cur < parent->key)) {
                OJ_R_FREE((char *)parent->key);
                parent->key = 0;
            }
            parent->next = NEXT_HASH_COMMA;
            break;
        case NEXT_HASH_COMMA:
        case NEXT_NONE:
        case NEXT_ARRAY_COMMA:
        case NEXT_HASH_COLON:
        default:
            oj_set_error_at(pi,
                            oj_parse_error_class,
                            __FILE__,
                            __LINE__,
                            "expected %s, not a string",
                            oj_stack_next_string(parent->next));
            break;
        }
    }
    pi->cur = s + 1;
    buf_cleanup(&buf);
}

static void read_str(ParseInfo pi) {
    const char *str    = pi->cur;
    Val         parent = stack_peek(&pi->stack);

    pi->cur = scan_func(pi->cur, pi->end);
    if (RB_UNLIKELY(pi->end <= pi->cur)) {
        oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "quoted string not terminated");
        return;
    }
    if (RB_UNLIKELY('\0' == *pi->cur)) {
        oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "NULL byte in string");
        return;
    }
    if ('\\' == *pi->cur) {
        read_escaped_str(pi, str);
        return;
    }

    if (0 == parent) {  // simple add
        pi->add_cstr(pi, str, pi->cur - str, str);
    } else {
        switch (parent->next) {
        case NEXT_ARRAY_NEW:
        case NEXT_ARRAY_ELEMENT:
            pi->array_append_cstr(pi, str, pi->cur - str, str);
            parent->next = NEXT_ARRAY_COMMA;
            break;
        case NEXT_HASH_NEW:
        case NEXT_HASH_KEY:
            if (Qundef == (parent->key_val = pi->hash_key(pi, str, pi->cur - str))) {
                parent->key  = str;
                parent->klen = pi->cur - str;
            } else {
                parent->key  = "";
                parent->klen = 0;
            }
            parent->k1   = *str;
            parent->next = NEXT_HASH_COLON;
            break;
        case NEXT_HASH_VALUE:
            pi->hash_set_cstr(pi, parent, str, pi->cur - str, str);
            if (0 != parent->key && 0 < parent->klen && (parent->key < pi->json || pi->cur < parent->key)) {
                OJ_R_FREE((char *)parent->key);
                parent->key = 0;
            }
            parent->next = NEXT_HASH_COMMA;
            break;
        case NEXT_HASH_COMMA:
        case NEXT_NONE:
        case NEXT_ARRAY_COMMA:
        case NEXT_HASH_COLON:
        default:
            oj_set_error_at(pi,
                            oj_parse_error_class,
                            __FILE__,
                            __LINE__,
                            "expected %s, not a string",
                            oj_stack_next_string(parent->next));
            break;
        }
    }
    pi->cur++;  // move past "
}

static void read_num(ParseInfo pi) {
    struct _numInfo ni;
    Val             parent = stack_peek(&pi->stack);

    ni.pi       = pi;
    ni.str      = pi->cur;
    ni.i        = 0;
    ni.num      = 0;
    ni.div      = 1;
    ni.di       = 0;
    ni.len      = 0;
    ni.exp      = 0;
    ni.big      = 0;
    ni.infinity = 0;
    ni.nan      = 0;
    ni.neg      = 0;
    ni.has_exp  = 0;
    if (CompatMode == pi->options.mode) {
        ni.no_big      = !pi->options.compat_bigdec;
        ni.bigdec_load = pi->options.compat_bigdec;
    } else {
        ni.no_big      = (FloatDec == pi->options.bigdec_load || FastDec == pi->options.bigdec_load ||
                     RubyDec == pi->options.bigdec_load);
        ni.bigdec_load = pi->options.bigdec_load;
    }

    if ('-' == *pi->cur) {
        pi->cur++;
        ni.neg = 1;
    } else if ('+' == *pi->cur) {
        if (StrictMode == pi->options.mode) {
            oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "not a number or other value");
            return;
        }
        pi->cur++;
    }
    if ('I' == *pi->cur) {
        if (No == pi->options.allow_nan || 0 != strncmp("Infinity", pi->cur, 8)) {
            oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "not a number or other value");
            return;
        }
        pi->cur += 8;
        ni.infinity = 1;
    } else if ('N' == *pi->cur || 'n' == *pi->cur) {
        if ('a' != pi->cur[1] || ('N' != pi->cur[2] && 'n' != pi->cur[2])) {
            oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "not a number or other value");
            return;
        }
        pi->cur += 3;
        ni.nan = 1;
    } else {
        int  dec_cnt = 0;
        bool zero1   = false;

        // Skip leading zeros.
        for (; '0' == *pi->cur; pi->cur++) {
            zero1 = true;
        }

        for (; '0' <= *pi->cur && *pi->cur <= '9'; pi->cur++) {
            int d = (*pi->cur - '0');

            if (RB_LIKELY(0 != ni.i)) {
                dec_cnt++;
            }
            ni.i = ni.i * 10 + d;
        }
        if (RB_UNLIKELY(0 != ni.i && zero1 && CompatMode == pi->options.mode)) {
            oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "not a number");
            return;
        }
        if (INT64_MAX <= ni.i || DEC_MAX < dec_cnt) {
            ni.big = true;
        }

        if ('.' == *pi->cur) {
            pi->cur++;
            // A trailing . is not a valid decimal but if encountered allow it
            // except when mimicking the JSON gem or in strict mode.
            if (StrictMode == pi->options.mode || CompatMode == pi->options.mode) {
                int pos = (int)(pi->cur - ni.str);

                if (1 == pos || (2 == pos && ni.neg)) {
                    oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "not a number");
                    return;
                }
                if (*pi->cur < '0' || '9' < *pi->cur) {
                    oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "not a number");
                    return;
                }
            }
            for (; '0' <= *pi->cur && *pi->cur <= '9'; pi->cur++) {
                int d = (*pi->cur - '0');

                if (RB_LIKELY(0 != ni.num || 0 != ni.i)) {
                    dec_cnt++;
                }
                ni.num = ni.num * 10 + d;
                ni.div *= 10;
                ni.di++;
            }
        }
        if (INT64_MAX <= ni.div || DEC_MAX < dec_cnt) {
            if (!ni.no_big) {
                ni.big = true;
            }
        }

        if ('e' == *pi->cur || 'E' == *pi->cur) {
            int eneg = 0;

            ni.has_exp = 1;
            pi->cur++;
            if ('-' == *pi->cur) {
                pi->cur++;
                eneg = 1;
            } else if ('+' == *pi->cur) {
                pi->cur++;
            }
            for (; '0' <= *pi->cur && *pi->cur <= '9'; pi->cur++) {
                ni.exp = ni.exp * 10 + (*pi->cur - '0');
                if (EXP_MAX <= ni.exp) {
                    ni.big = true;
                }
            }
            if (eneg) {
                ni.exp = -ni.exp;
            }
        }
        ni.len = pi->cur - ni.str;
    }
    // Check for special reserved values for Infinity and NaN.
    if (ni.big) {
        if (0 == strcasecmp(INF_VAL, ni.str)) {
            ni.infinity = 1;
        } else if (0 == strcasecmp(NINF_VAL, ni.str)) {
            ni.infinity = 1;
            ni.neg      = 1;
        } else if (0 == strcasecmp(NAN_VAL, ni.str)) {
            ni.nan = 1;
        }
    }
    if (CompatMode == pi->options.mode) {
        if (pi->options.compat_bigdec) {
            ni.big = 1;
        }
    } else if (BigDec == pi->options.bigdec_load) {
        ni.big = 1;
    }
    if (0 == parent) {
        pi->add_num(pi, &ni);
    } else {
        switch (parent->next) {
        case NEXT_ARRAY_NEW:
        case NEXT_ARRAY_ELEMENT:
            pi->array_append_num(pi, &ni);
            parent->next = NEXT_ARRAY_COMMA;
            break;
        case NEXT_HASH_VALUE:
            pi->hash_set_num(pi, parent, &ni);
            if (0 != parent->key && 0 < parent->klen && (parent->key < pi->json || pi->cur < parent->key)) {
                OJ_R_FREE((char *)parent->key);
                parent->key = 0;
            }
            parent->next = NEXT_HASH_COMMA;
            break;
        default:
            oj_set_error_at(pi,
                            oj_parse_error_class,
                            __FILE__,
                            __LINE__,
                            "expected %s",
                            oj_stack_next_string(parent->next));
            break;
        }
    }
}

static void array_start(ParseInfo pi) {
    VALUE v = pi->start_array(pi);

    stack_push(&pi->stack, v, NEXT_ARRAY_NEW);
}

static void array_end(ParseInfo pi) {
    Val array = stack_pop(&pi->stack);

    if (0 == array) {
        oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "unexpected array close");
    } else if (NEXT_ARRAY_COMMA != array->next && NEXT_ARRAY_NEW != array->next) {
        oj_set_error_at(pi,
                        oj_parse_error_class,
                        __FILE__,
                        __LINE__,
                        "expected %s, not an array close",
                        oj_stack_next_string(array->next));
    } else {
        pi->end_array(pi);
        add_value(pi, array->val);
    }
}

static void hash_start(ParseInfo pi) {
    VALUE v = pi->start_hash(pi);

    stack_push(&pi->stack, v, NEXT_HASH_NEW);
}

static void hash_end(ParseInfo pi) {
    Val hash = stack_peek(&pi->stack);

    // leave hash on stack until just before
    if (0 == hash) {
        oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "unexpected hash close");
    } else if (NEXT_HASH_COMMA != hash->next && NEXT_HASH_NEW != hash->next) {
        oj_set_error_at(pi,
                        oj_parse_error_class,
                        __FILE__,
                        __LINE__,
                        "expected %s, not a hash close",
                        oj_stack_next_string(hash->next));
    } else {
        pi->end_hash(pi);
        stack_pop(&pi->stack);
        add_value(pi, hash->val);
    }
}

static void comma(ParseInfo pi) {
    Val parent = stack_peek(&pi->stack);

    if (0 == parent) {
        oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "unexpected comma");
    } else if (NEXT_ARRAY_COMMA == parent->next) {
        parent->next = NEXT_ARRAY_ELEMENT;
    } else if (NEXT_HASH_COMMA == parent->next) {
        parent->next = NEXT_HASH_KEY;
    } else {
        oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "unexpected comma");
    }
}

static void colon(ParseInfo pi) {
    Val parent = stack_peek(&pi->stack);

    if (0 != parent && NEXT_HASH_COLON == parent->next) {
        parent->next = NEXT_HASH_VALUE;
    } else {
        oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "unexpected colon");
    }
}

void oj_parse2(ParseInfo pi) {
    int  first = 1;
    long start = 0;

    pi->cur = pi->json;
    err_init(&pi->err);
    while (1) {
        if (0 < pi->max_depth && pi->max_depth <= pi->stack.tail - pi->stack.head - 1) {
            VALUE err_clas = oj_get_json_err_class("NestingError");

            oj_set_error_at(pi, err_clas, __FILE__, __LINE__, "Too deeply nested.");
            pi->err_class = err_clas;
            return;
        }
        next_non_white(pi);
        if (!first && '\0' != *pi->cur) {
            oj_set_error_at(pi,
                            oj_parse_error_class,
                            __FILE__,
                            __LINE__,
                            "unexpected characters after the JSON document");
        }

        // If no tokens are consumed (i.e. empty string), throw a parse error
        // this is the behavior of JSON.parse in both Ruby and JS.
        if (No == pi->options.empty_string && 1 == first && '\0' == *pi->cur) {
            oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "unexpected character");
        }

        switch (*pi->cur++) {
        case '{': hash_start(pi); break;
        case '}': hash_end(pi); break;
        case ':': colon(pi); break;
        case '[': array_start(pi); break;
        case ']': array_end(pi); break;
        case ',': comma(pi); break;
        case '"': read_str(pi); break;
        case '+':
            if (CompatMode == pi->options.mode) {
                oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "unexpected character");
                return;
            }
            pi->cur--;
            read_num(pi);
            break;
        case '-':
        case '0':
        case '1':
        case '2':
        case '3':
        case '4':
        case '5':
        case '6':
        case '7':
        case '8':
        case '9':
            pi->cur--;
            read_num(pi);
            break;
        case 'I':
        case 'N':
            if (Yes == pi->options.allow_nan) {
                pi->cur--;
                read_num(pi);
            } else {
                oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "unexpected character");
            }
            break;
        case 't': read_true(pi); break;
        case 'f': read_false(pi); break;
        case 'n':
            if ('u' == *pi->cur) {
                read_null(pi);
            } else {
                pi->cur--;
                read_num(pi);
            }
            break;
        case '/':
            skip_comment(pi);
            if (first) {
                continue;
            }
            break;
        case '\0': pi->cur--; return;
        default: oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_parse_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "unexpected character"); return;
        }
        if (err_has(&pi->err)) {
            return;
        }
        if (stack_empty(&pi->stack)) {
            if (Qundef != pi->proc) {
                VALUE args[3];
                long  len = (pi->cur - pi->json) - start;

                *args   = stack_head_val(&pi->stack);
                args[1] = LONG2NUM(start);
                args[2] = LONG2NUM(len);

                if (Qnil == pi->proc) {
                    rb_yield_values2(3, args);
                } else {
                    rb_proc_call_with_block(pi->proc, 3, args, Qnil);
                }
            } else if (!pi->has_callbacks) {
                first = 0;
            }
            start = pi->cur - pi->json;
        }
    }
}

static VALUE rescue_big_decimal(VALUE str, VALUE ignore) {
    rb_raise(oj_parse_error_class, "Invalid value for BigDecimal()");
    return Qnil;
}

static VALUE parse_big_decimal(VALUE str) {
    return rb_funcall(rb_cObject, oj_bigdecimal_id, 1, str);
}

static long double exp_plus[] = {
    1.0,    1.0e1,  1.0e2,  1.0e3,  1.0e4,  1.0e5,  1.0e6,  1.0e7,  1.0e8,  1.0e9,  1.0e10, 1.0e11, 1.0e12,
    1.0e13, 1.0e14, 1.0e15, 1.0e16, 1.0e17, 1.0e18, 1.0e19, 1.0e20, 1.0e21, 1.0e22, 1.0e23, 1.0e24, 1.0e25,
    1.0e26, 1.0e27, 1.0e28, 1.0e29, 1.0e30, 1.0e31, 1.0e32, 1.0e33, 1.0e34, 1.0e35, 1.0e36, 1.0e37, 1.0e38,
    1.0e39, 1.0e40, 1.0e41, 1.0e42, 1.0e43, 1.0e44, 1.0e45, 1.0e46, 1.0e47, 1.0e48, 1.0e49,
};

VALUE
oj_num_as_value(NumInfo ni) {
    VALUE rnum = Qnil;

    if (ni->infinity) {
        if (ni->neg) {
            rnum = rb_float_new(-OJ_INFINITY);
        } else {
            rnum = rb_float_new(OJ_INFINITY);
        }
    } else if (ni->nan) {
        rnum = rb_float_new(0.0 / 0.0);
    } else if (1 == ni->div && 0 == ni->exp && !ni->has_exp) {  // fixnum
        if (ni->big) {
            if (256 > ni->len) {
                char buf[256];

                memcpy(buf, ni->str, ni->len);
                buf[ni->len] = '\0';
                rnum         = rb_cstr_to_inum(buf, 10, 0);
            } else {
                char *buf = OJ_R_ALLOC_N(char, ni->len + 1);

                memcpy(buf, ni->str, ni->len);
                buf[ni->len] = '\0';
                rnum         = rb_cstr_to_inum(buf, 10, 0);
                OJ_R_FREE(buf);
            }
        } else {
            if (ni->neg) {
                rnum = rb_ll2inum(-ni->i);
            } else {
                rnum = rb_ll2inum(ni->i);
            }
        }
    } else {  // decimal
        if (ni->big) {
            VALUE bd = rb_str_new(ni->str, ni->len);

            rnum = rb_rescue2(parse_big_decimal, bd, rescue_big_decimal, bd, rb_eException, 0);
            if (ni->no_big) {
                rnum = rb_funcall(rnum, rb_intern("to_f"), 0);
            }
        } else if (FastDec == ni->bigdec_load) {
            long double ld = (long double)ni->i * (long double)ni->div + (long double)ni->num;
            int         x  = (int)((int64_t)ni->exp - ni->di);

            if (0 < x) {
                if (x < (int)(sizeof(exp_plus) / sizeof(*exp_plus))) {
                    ld *= exp_plus[x];
                } else {
                    ld *= powl(10.0, x);
                }
            } else if (x < 0) {
                if (-x < (int)(sizeof(exp_plus) / sizeof(*exp_plus))) {
                    ld /= exp_plus[-x];
                } else {
                    ld /= powl(10.0, -x);
                }
            }
            if (ni->neg) {
                ld = -ld;
            }
            rnum = rb_float_new((double)ld);
        } else if (RubyDec == ni->bigdec_load) {
            VALUE sv = rb_str_new(ni->str, ni->len);

            rnum = rb_funcall(sv, rb_intern("to_f"), 0);
        } else {
            char  *end;
            double d = strtod(ni->str, &end);

            if ((long)ni->len != (long)(end - ni->str)) {
                if (Qnil == ni->pi->err_class) {
                    rb_raise(oj_parse_error_class, "Invalid float");
                } else {
                    rb_raise(ni->pi->err_class, "Invalid float");
                }
            }
            rnum = rb_float_new(d);
        }
    }
    return rnum;
}

void oj_set_error_at(ParseInfo pi, VALUE err_clas, const char *file, int line, const char *format, ...) {
    va_list ap;
    char    msg[256];
    char   *p   = msg;
    char   *end = p + sizeof(msg) - 2;
    char   *start;
    Val     vp;
    int     mlen;

    va_start(ap, format);
    mlen = vsnprintf(msg, sizeof(msg) - 1, format, ap);
    if (0 < mlen) {
        if (sizeof(msg) - 2 < (size_t)mlen) {
            p = end - 2;
        } else {
            p += mlen;
        }
    }
    va_end(ap);
    pi->err.clas = err_clas;
    if (p + 3 < end) {
        *p++  = ' ';
        *p++  = '(';
        *p++  = 'a';
        *p++  = 'f';
        *p++  = 't';
        *p++  = 'e';
        *p++  = 'r';
        *p++  = ' ';
        start = p;
        for (vp = pi->stack.head; vp < pi->stack.tail; vp++) {
            if (end <= p + 1 + vp->klen) {
                break;
            }
            if (NULL != vp->key) {
                if (start < p) {
                    *p++ = '.';
                }
                memcpy(p, vp->key, vp->klen);
                p += vp->klen;
            } else {
                if (RUBY_T_ARRAY == rb_type(vp->val)) {
                    if (end <= p + 12) {
                        break;
                    }
                    p += snprintf(p, end - p, "[%ld]", RARRAY_LEN(vp->val));
                }
            }
        }
        *p++ = ')';
    }
    *p = '\0';
    if (0 == pi->json) {
        oj_err_set(&pi->err, err_clas, "%s at line %d, column %d [%s:%d]", msg, pi->rd.line, pi->rd.col, file, line);
    } else {
        _oj_err_set_with_location(&pi->err, err_clas, msg, pi->json, pi->cur - 1, file, line);
    }
}

static VALUE protect_parse(VALUE pip) {
    oj_parse2((ParseInfo)pip);

    return Qnil;
}

extern int oj_utf8_index;

static void oj_pi_set_input_str(ParseInfo pi, VALUE *inputp) {
    int idx = RB_ENCODING_GET(*inputp);

    if (oj_utf8_encoding_index != idx) {
        rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_from_index(idx);
        *inputp          = rb_str_conv_enc(*inputp, enc, oj_utf8_encoding);
    }
    pi->json = RSTRING_PTR(*inputp);
    pi->end  = pi->json + RSTRING_LEN(*inputp);
}

VALUE
oj_pi_parse(int argc, VALUE *argv, ParseInfo pi, char *json, size_t len, int yieldOk) {
    char *buf = 0;
    VALUE input;
    VALUE wrapped_stack;
    VALUE result    = Qnil;
    int   line      = 0;
    int   free_json = 0;

    if (argc < 1) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Wrong number of arguments to parse.");
    }
    input = argv[0];
    if (2 <= argc) {
        if (T_HASH == rb_type(argv[1])) {
            oj_parse_options(argv[1], &pi->options);
        } else if (3 <= argc && T_HASH == rb_type(argv[2])) {
            oj_parse_options(argv[2], &pi->options);
        }
    }
    if (yieldOk && rb_block_given_p()) {
        pi->proc = Qnil;
    } else {
        pi->proc = Qundef;
    }
    if (0 != json) {
        pi->json  = json;
        pi->end   = json + len;
        free_json = 1;
    } else if (T_STRING == rb_type(input)) {
        if (CompatMode == pi->options.mode) {
            if (No == pi->options.nilnil && 0 == RSTRING_LEN(input)) {
                rb_raise(oj_json_parser_error_class, "An empty string is not a valid JSON string.");
            }
        }
        oj_pi_set_input_str(pi, &input);
    } else if (Qnil == input) {
        if (Yes == pi->options.nilnil) {
            return Qnil;
        } else {
            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Nil is not a valid JSON source.");
        }
    } else {
        VALUE clas = rb_obj_class(input);
        VALUE s;

        if (oj_stringio_class == clas) {
            s = rb_funcall2(input, oj_string_id, 0, 0);
            oj_pi_set_input_str(pi, &s);
#if !IS_WINDOWS
        } else if (rb_cFile == clas && 0 == FIX2INT(rb_funcall(input, oj_pos_id, 0))) {
            int     fd = FIX2INT(rb_funcall(input, oj_fileno_id, 0));
            ssize_t cnt;
            size_t  len = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);

            lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
            buf      = OJ_R_ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
            pi->json = buf;
            pi->end  = buf + len;
            if (0 >= (cnt = read(fd, (char *)pi->json, len)) || cnt != (ssize_t)len) {
                if (0 != buf) {
                    OJ_R_FREE(buf);
                }
                rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "failed to read from IO Object.");
            }
            ((char *)pi->json)[len] = '\0';
            /* skip UTF-8 BOM if present */
            if (0xEF == (uint8_t)*pi->json && 0xBB == (uint8_t)pi->json[1] && 0xBF == (uint8_t)pi->json[2]) {
                pi->cur += 3;
            }
#endif
        } else if (rb_respond_to(input, oj_read_id)) {
            // use stream parser instead
            return oj_pi_sparse(argc, argv, pi, 0);
        } else {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "parse() expected a String or IO Object.");
        }
    }
    if (Yes == pi->options.circular) {
        pi->circ_array = oj_circ_array_new();
    } else {
        pi->circ_array = 0;
    }
    if (No == pi->options.allow_gc) {
        rb_gc_disable();
    }
    // GC can run at any time. When it runs any Object created by C will be
    // freed. We protect against this by wrapping the value stack in a ruby
    // data object and poviding a mark function for ruby objects on the
    // value stack (while it is in scope).
    wrapped_stack = oj_stack_init(&pi->stack);
    rb_protect(protect_parse, (VALUE)pi, &line);
    if (Qundef == pi->stack.head->val && !empty_ok(&pi->options)) {
        if (No == pi->options.nilnil || (CompatMode == pi->options.mode && 0 < pi->cur - pi->json)) {
            oj_set_error_at(pi, oj_json_parser_error_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "Empty input");
        }
    }
    result                  = stack_head_val(&pi->stack);
    DATA_PTR(wrapped_stack) = 0;
    if (No == pi->options.allow_gc) {
        rb_gc_enable();
    }
    if (!err_has(&pi->err)) {
        // If the stack is not empty then the JSON terminated early.
        Val   v;
        VALUE err_class = oj_parse_error_class;

        if (0 != line) {
            VALUE ec = rb_obj_class(rb_errinfo());

            if (rb_eArgError != ec && 0 != ec) {
                err_class = ec;
            }
            if (rb_eIOError != ec) {
                goto CLEANUP;
            }
        }
        if (NULL != (v = stack_peek(&pi->stack))) {
            switch (v->next) {
            case NEXT_ARRAY_NEW:
            case NEXT_ARRAY_ELEMENT:
            case NEXT_ARRAY_COMMA: oj_set_error_at(pi, err_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "Array not terminated"); break;
            case NEXT_HASH_NEW:
            case NEXT_HASH_KEY:
            case NEXT_HASH_COLON:
            case NEXT_HASH_VALUE:
            case NEXT_HASH_COMMA:
                oj_set_error_at(pi, err_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "Hash/Object not terminated");
                break;
            default: oj_set_error_at(pi, err_class, __FILE__, __LINE__, "not terminated");
            }
        }
    }
CLEANUP:
    // proceed with cleanup
    if (0 != pi->circ_array) {
        oj_circ_array_free(pi->circ_array);
    }
    if (0 != buf) {
        OJ_R_FREE(buf);
    } else if (free_json) {
        OJ_R_FREE(json);
    }
    stack_cleanup(&pi->stack);
    if (pi->str_rx.head != oj_default_options.str_rx.head) {
        oj_rxclass_cleanup(&pi->str_rx);
    }
    if (err_has(&pi->err)) {
        rb_set_errinfo(Qnil);
        if (Qnil != pi->err_class) {
            pi->err.clas = pi->err_class;
        }
        if ((CompatMode == pi->options.mode || RailsMode == pi->options.mode) && Yes != pi->options.safe) {
            // The json gem requires the error message be UTF-8 encoded. In
            // additional the complete JSON source must be returned. There
            // does not seem to be a size limit.
            VALUE msg = oj_encode(rb_str_new2(pi->err.msg));
            VALUE args[1];

            if (NULL != pi->json) {
                msg = rb_str_append(msg, oj_encode(rb_str_new2(" in '")));
                msg = rb_str_append(msg, oj_encode(rb_str_new2(pi->json)));
            }
            args[0] = msg;
            if (pi->err.clas == oj_parse_error_class) {
                // The error was an Oj::ParseError so change to a JSON::ParserError.
                pi->err.clas = oj_json_parser_error_class;
            }
            rb_exc_raise(rb_class_new_instance(1, args, pi->err.clas));
        } else {
            oj_err_raise(&pi->err);
        }
    } else if (0 != line) {
        rb_jump_tag(line);
    }
    if (pi->options.quirks_mode == No) {
        switch (rb_type(result)) {
        case T_NIL:
        case T_TRUE:
        case T_FALSE:
        case T_FIXNUM:
        case T_FLOAT:
        case T_CLASS:
        case T_STRING:
        case T_SYMBOL: {
            struct _err err;

            if (Qnil == pi->err_class) {
                err.clas = oj_parse_error_class;
            } else {
                err.clas = pi->err_class;
            }
            snprintf(err.msg, sizeof(err.msg), "unexpected non-document value");
            oj_err_raise(&err);
            break;
        }
        default:
            // okay
            break;
        }
    }
    return result;
}