<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="pandoc" />
<meta name="author" content="Peter Carbonetto" />
<title>Divvy usage by time-of-day</title>
<script src="site_libs/jquery-1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<link href="site_libs/bootstrap-3.3.5/css/readable.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script src="site_libs/bootstrap-3.3.5/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="site_libs/bootstrap-3.3.5/shim/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="site_libs/bootstrap-3.3.5/shim/respond.min.js"></script>
<script src="site_libs/jqueryui-1.11.4/jquery-ui.min.js"></script>
<link href="site_libs/tocify-1.9.1/jquery.tocify.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script src="site_libs/tocify-1.9.1/jquery.tocify.js"></script>
<script src="site_libs/navigation-1.1/tabsets.js"></script>
<link href="site_libs/highlightjs-1.1/textmate.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script src="site_libs/highlightjs-1.1/highlight.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">code{white-space: pre;}</style>
<style type="text/css">
pre:not([class]) {
background-color: white;
}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
if (window.hljs && document.readyState && document.readyState === "complete") {
window.setTimeout(function() {
hljs.initHighlighting();
}, 0);
}
</script>
<style type="text/css">
h1 {
font-size: 34px;
}
h1.title {
font-size: 38px;
}
h2 {
font-size: 30px;
}
h3 {
font-size: 24px;
}
h4 {
font-size: 18px;
}
h5 {
font-size: 16px;
}
h6 {
font-size: 12px;
}
.table th:not([align]) {
text-align: left;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<style type = "text/css">
.main-container {
max-width: 940px;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
code {
color: inherit;
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
}
img {
max-width:100%;
height: auto;
}
.tabbed-pane {
padding-top: 12px;
}
button.code-folding-btn:focus {
outline: none;
}
</style>
<style type="text/css">
/* padding for bootstrap navbar */
body {
padding-top: 66px;
padding-bottom: 40px;
}
/* offset scroll position for anchor links (for fixed navbar) */
.section h1 {
padding-top: 71px;
margin-top: -71px;
}
.section h2 {
padding-top: 71px;
margin-top: -71px;
}
.section h3 {
padding-top: 71px;
margin-top: -71px;
}
.section h4 {
padding-top: 71px;
margin-top: -71px;
}
.section h5 {
padding-top: 71px;
margin-top: -71px;
}
.section h6 {
padding-top: 71px;
margin-top: -71px;
}
</style>
<script>
// manage active state of menu based on current page
$(document).ready(function () {
// active menu anchor
href = window.location.pathname
href = href.substr(href.lastIndexOf('/') + 1)
if (href === "")
href = "index.html";
var menuAnchor = $('a[href="' + href + '"]');
// mark it active
menuAnchor.parent().addClass('active');
// if it's got a parent navbar menu mark it active as well
menuAnchor.closest('li.dropdown').addClass('active');
});
</script>
<div class="container-fluid main-container">
<!-- tabsets -->
<script>
$(document).ready(function () {
window.buildTabsets("TOC");
});
</script>
<!-- code folding -->
<script>
$(document).ready(function () {
// move toc-ignore selectors from section div to header
$('div.section.toc-ignore')
.removeClass('toc-ignore')
.children('h1,h2,h3,h4,h5').addClass('toc-ignore');
// establish options
var options = {
selectors: "h1,h2,h3",
theme: "bootstrap3",
context: '.toc-content',
hashGenerator: function (text) {
return text.replace(/[.\\/?&!#<>]/g, '').replace(/\s/g, '_').toLowerCase();
},
ignoreSelector: ".toc-ignore",
scrollTo: 0
};
options.showAndHide = true;
options.smoothScroll = true;
// tocify
var toc = $("#TOC").tocify(options).data("toc-tocify");
});
</script>
<style type="text/css">
#TOC {
margin: 25px 0px 20px 0px;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
#TOC {
position: relative;
width: 100%;
}
}
.toc-content {
padding-left: 30px;
padding-right: 40px;
}
div.main-container {
max-width: 1200px;
}
div.tocify {
width: 20%;
max-width: 260px;
max-height: 85%;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px) {
div.tocify {
width: 25%;
}
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
div.tocify {
width: 100%;
max-width: none;
}
}
.tocify ul, .tocify li {
line-height: 20px;
}
.tocify-subheader .tocify-item {
font-size: 0.90em;
padding-left: 25px;
text-indent: 0;
}
.tocify .list-group-item {
border-radius: 0px;
}
</style>
<!-- setup 3col/9col grid for toc_float and main content -->
<div class="row-fluid">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-3">
<div id="TOC" class="tocify">
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc-content col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-md-9">
<div class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="index.html">Divvy data exploration</a>
</div>
<div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li>
<a href="index.html">Overview</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="setup.html">Setup</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="license.html">License</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/pcarbo/wflow-divvy">source</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div><!--/.container -->
</div><!--/.navbar -->
<div class="fluid-row" id="header">
<h1 class="title toc-ignore">Divvy usage by time-of-day</h1>
<h4 class="author"><em>Peter Carbonetto</em></h4>
</div>
<!-- Define defaults shared by all workflowr files. -->
<!-- Update knitr chunk options -->
<!-- Insert the date the file was last updated -->
<p><strong>Last updated:</strong> 2017-07-07</p>
<!-- Insert the code version (Git commit SHA1) if Git repository
exists and R package git2r is installed -->
<p><strong>Code version:</strong> f7da4f6</p>
<p>Here we use the Divvy trip data to examine biking trends over the course of a typical day in Chicago.</p>
<p>I begin by loading a few packages, as well as some additional functions I wrote for this project.</p>
<pre class="r"><code>library(data.table)
library(ggplot2)
source("../code/functions.R")</code></pre>
<p><br></p>
<div id="read-the-data" class="section level2">
<h2>Read the data</h2>
<p>Following <a href="first-glance.html">my earlier steps</a>, I use function <code>read.divvy.data</code> to read the trip and station data from the CSV files.</p>
<pre class="r"><code>divvy <- read.divvy.data()
# Reading station data from ../data/Divvy_Stations_2016_Q4.csv.
# Reading trip data from ../data/Divvy_Trips_2016_Q1.csv.
# Reading trip data from ../data/Divvy_Trips_2016_04.csv.
# Reading trip data from ../data/Divvy_Trips_2016_05.csv.
# Reading trip data from ../data/Divvy_Trips_2016_06.csv.
# Reading trip data from ../data/Divvy_Trips_2016_Q3.csv.
# Reading trip data from ../data/Divvy_Trips_2016_Q4.csv.
# Preparing Divvy data for analysis in R.
# Converting dates and times.</code></pre>
<p>To make it easier to compile statistics by time of day, I convert the “start hour” column to a factor.</p>
<pre class="r"><code>divvy$trips <- transform(divvy$trips,start.hour = factor(start.hour,0:23))</code></pre>
<p><br></p>
</div>
<div id="count-departures-by-time-of-day" class="section level2">
<h2>Count departures by time-of-day</h2>
<p>Now that <code>start.hour</code> is a factor, it is easy to create a bar chart showing the total number of departures at each hour. Unsurprisingly, we se very little biking activity at night. Further, the two peaks (“modes”) in the bar chart nicely recapitulate the morning and afternoon rush hours.</p>
<pre class="r"><code>ggplot(divvy$trips,aes(start.hour)) +
geom_bar(fill = "dodgerblue",width = 0.6) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank())</code></pre>
<p><img src="figure/time-of-day-trends.Rmd/timeofday-barchart-1.png" width="480" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></p>
<p>However, this bar chart is a bit muddled because it is counting trips during the week and on the weekends. Once we separate the counts by the day of the week, the rush-hour trends become more obvious. (Also notice that the rush-hour weeks disappear on Saturday and Sunday.)</p>
<pre class="r"><code>ggplot(divvy$trips,aes(start.hour)) +
geom_bar(fill = "dodgerblue",width = 0.75) +
facet_wrap(~start.day,ncol = 2) +
scale_x_discrete(breaks = seq(0,24,2)) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank())</code></pre>
<p><img src="figure/time-of-day-trends.Rmd/timeofday-barchart-2-1.png" width="576" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> <br></p>
</div>
<div id="time-of-day-trends-at-university-of-chicago" class="section level2">
<h2>Time-of-day trends at University of Chicago</h2>
<p>The commuting trends are different at the University of Chicago Divvy station—there isn’t much of a morning rush hour. This may be because students and staff don’t regularly use the Divvy bikes for commuting.</p>
<pre class="r"><code>ggplot(subset(divvy$trips,from_station_name == "University Ave & 57th St"),
aes(start.hour)) +
geom_bar(fill = "dodgerblue",width = 0.75) +
facet_wrap(~start.day,ncol = 2) +
scale_x_discrete(breaks = seq(0,24,2)) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank())</code></pre>
<p><img src="figure/time-of-day-trends.Rmd/timeofday-uchicago-barchart-1.png" width="576" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></p>
<p><br></p>
</div>
<div id="session-information" class="section level2">
<h2>Session information</h2>
<p>This is the version of R and the packages that were used to generate these results.</p>
<pre class="r"><code>sessionInfo()
# R version 3.3.2 (2016-10-31)
# Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0 (64-bit)
# Running under: macOS Sierra 10.12.5
#
# locale:
# [1] en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8
#
# attached base packages:
# [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
#
# other attached packages:
# [1] ggplot2_2.2.1 data.table_1.10.4
#
# loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
# [1] Rcpp_0.12.11 assertthat_0.2.0 digest_0.6.12 rprojroot_1.2
# [5] plyr_1.8.4 grid_3.3.2 gtable_0.2.0 backports_1.0.5
# [9] git2r_0.18.0 magrittr_1.5 scales_0.4.1 evaluate_0.10.1
# [13] stringi_1.1.2 lazyeval_0.2.0 rmarkdown_1.6 labeling_0.3
# [17] tools_3.3.2 stringr_1.2.0 munsell_0.4.3 yaml_2.1.14
# [21] colorspace_1.3-2 htmltools_0.3.6 knitr_1.16 tibble_1.2</code></pre>
</div>
<hr>
<p>
This <a href="http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com">R Markdown</a> site was created with <a href="https://github.com/jdblischak/workflowr">workflowr</a>.
</p>
<hr>
<!-- To enable disqus, uncomment the section below and provide your disqus_shortname -->
<!-- disqus
<div id="disqus_thread"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
/* * * CONFIGURATION VARIABLES: EDIT BEFORE PASTING INTO YOUR WEBPAGE * * */
var disqus_shortname = 'rmarkdown'; // required: replace example with your forum shortname
/* * * DON'T EDIT BELOW THIS LINE * * */
(function() {
var dsq = document.createElement('script'); dsq.type = 'text/javascript'; dsq.async = true;
dsq.src = '//' + disqus_shortname + '.disqus.com/embed.js';
(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(dsq);
})();
</script>
<noscript>Please enable JavaScript to view the <a href="http://disqus.com/?ref_noscript">comments powered by Disqus.</a></noscript>
<a href="http://disqus.com" class="dsq-brlink">comments powered by <span class="logo-disqus">Disqus</span></a>
-->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
// add bootstrap table styles to pandoc tables
function bootstrapStylePandocTables() {
$('tr.header').parent('thead').parent('table').addClass('table table-condensed');
}
$(document).ready(function () {
bootstrapStylePandocTables();
});
</script>
<!-- dynamically load mathjax for compatibility with self-contained -->
<script>
(function () {
var script = document.createElement("script");
script.type = "text/javascript";
script.src = "https://mathjax.rstudio.com/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML";
document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script);
})();
</script>
</body>
</html>