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Wheel


By attaching this object to any other object supporting physics you can make wheeled vehicles of any sort.

Each wheel includes a tweakable motor, a brake, a steering system and a suspension.



Working At Start

If this option is not checked, the wheel will only respond to input controls when the object is started by another object, like for example EventOnInput.

Throttle, Reverse, Brake and Turn controls

You can make the wheel interactive by checking the box next to one or more input controls.

The Delay parameters allow you to set the response time for each control, in seconds (approximately). Please note that delays should be set to 0.0 if proportional controls are used (see ConfigureControls for details).

Also, keep in mind that input controls must be disabled (unchecked) if you want to control the wheel by manipulating its internal values, for example by using a Script object. See internal values table below for more.

Total Mass

Basically the weight of the wheel. As a reference, total mass for one liter of water (1 kg or 2.2 pounds) is about 1.0.

Warning! Setting a total mass too small may cause unpredictable behaviors, including severe processing slowdown.

Power

The first value is the maximum spin supported by the wheel, in rounds per minute (RPM). The second value is the maximum torque provided, considering that it is 100% when spin is below 50 rpm. It then goes from 50% to 100% (when rpm is 70% of maximum allowed) and finally it goes from 100% to 0% (when rpm is maximum allowed).

The following torque graph is for a maximum spin of 4000 rpm:



Reverse power

You can set different spin and torque for when the wheel goes reverse. See Throttle above for details.

Brake Power

The bigger the value, the more effective the wheel brake.

Maximum Steering Angle

Maximum turning angle, in degrees. Note that the speed at which the wheel turns is determined by the Delay specified for the left/right controls, if non-proportional controls are used. See above for details.

Linear Damping (between 0 and 1)

Damping weakens the kinetic energy of the wheel. The effect is similar to drag (resistance to motion through a fluid, for example air friction). Setting this value to 1 causes zero damping. Zero produces maximum damping.

Angular Damping (between 0 and 1)

Damping can also be applied to rotation. See previous parameter for details.

Suspension Spring

The higher the factor, the stronger the suspension. A strong suspension usually means less (smaller) oscillations.

Suspension Damping

The higher the factor, the more absorbing the suspension.

Restitution

The bounciness of the wheel when colliding with other objects. The smaller the factor, the lower the bounciness. The value must be between 0 and 1.

Note that when two objects collide, the actual restitution is the average of the restitution factors of the two objects.

Lateral Friction

Resistance encountered when the wheel is skidding laterally. Zero means that there is no resistance. Set a very high value for no-slipping friction (max is 3.402823466e+38).

Note that when two objects collide, the actual friction depends on factors of both objects.

Rolling Friction

Resistance encountered when the wheel is rolling or applying traction onto the ground. See also Lateral Friction for more.

Relationships

This list defines how the Wheel object relates to the objects linked to it. The following relationship types are supported:

  • IGNORE. Do nothing.


  • VEHICLE BODY. Attach the wheel to this object. The orientation and location defined in the Virtual Editor are kept run-time.


  • VEHICLE BODY (COLLISIONS). Same as above, but also perform collision detection between the wheel and the vehicle body.

    NOTE: Specifying more than one single object as vehicle body is not recommended. Resulting behavior is undefined.

    Other dialog controls

    For information about the remaining controls, please click here.




    INTERNAL PARAMETERS


    The following internal parameters can be accessed by using event objects like EventOnValue or Script:

  • Wheel left/right input, between -1 and 1. Write only.
  • When written, wheel throttle input, between -1 and 1. Write only.
  • wheel brake input, between 0 and 1. Write only.
  • Current spin, in degrees per second. Read only
  • Current torque, between 0 and 1 (100%).
  • Current speed, in kilometers per hour. Read only
  • Suspension spring. Write only.
  • Suspension damping. Write only.
  • Lateral friction. Write only.
  • Rolling friction. Write only.