:root{--theme-width:1200px;--header-height:50px;--header-bg:#FFFFFF;--header-text:#202122;--post-title-color:#101418;--post-title-hover:#3366CC;--backtp-bg:var(--header-bg);--backtp-color:var(--header-text);--fab-glass-bg:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);--fab-glass-border:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);--backtp-ring-track:rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);--backtp-ring-bar:var(--link-color);--body-bg:#ffffff;--wrapper-bg:#ffffff;--card-bg:#ffffff;--secondary-bg:#f8f8f8;--tertiary-bg:#f9f9f9;--body-text:#202122;--heading-text:#101418;--muted-text:#54595d;--link-color:#3366CC;--link-hover:#3056a9;--border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);--border-light:rgba(195, 195, 195, 0.15);--border-medium:rgba(150, 150, 150, 0.15);--code-bg:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);--blockquote-bg:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.025);--mark-bg:#ffce00;--hr-color:#666666;--selection-bg:#b3d4fc;--comment-bg:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03);--comment-avatar-bg:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03);--comment-message-bg:#f9f9f9;--menu-hover-bg:rgba(64, 64, 64, 0.1);--submenu-bg:#f8f8f8;--submenu-text:#202122;--submenu-border:rgba(150, 150, 150, 0.15);--submenu-hover-bg:#eaeaea;--label-bg:rgba(195, 195, 195, 0.15);--related-nothumb-bg:rgba(153, 163, 173, 0.08);--profile-bg:rgba(195, 195, 195, 0.08);--profile-avatar-bg:#828282;--featured-info-bg:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);--toc-bg:#ffffff;--toc-alt-bg:#f3f3f3;--toc-thumb-bg:#fafafa;--toc-time-text:#54595d;--inline-related-posts-border:rgba(38, 144, 80, 0.25);--table-border:#a2a9b1;--box-shadow:0 2px 8px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);--box-shadow-light:0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);--input-border:rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.15);--input-bg:rgba(193, 193, 193, 0.2);--field-inset-bg:rgba(0, 0, 0, .045);--field-inset-shadow:inset 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, .09),inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, .05);--field-inset-shadow-focus:inset 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, .12),inset 0 0 0 1px var(--link-color);--field-border:rgba(0, 0, 0, .14);--input-border-focus:rgba(193, 193, 193, 0.4);--button-bg:var(--link-color);--button-text:#ffffff;--social-icon-bg:#444444;--social-icon-text:#ffffff;--footer-bg:#222222;--footer-text:#dddddd;--footer-link:#dddddd;--footer-link-hover:#ffffff;--footer-nav-bg:#292929;--footer-nav-text:#ffffff;--footer-widget-bg:#f8f8f8;--footer-widget-text:#202122;--author-badge-bg:var(--link-color);--author-badge-text:#ffffff;--scrollbar-bg:#f1f1f1;--scrollbar-thumb:#c1c1c1;--scrollbar-thumb-hover:#a8a8a8;--tint-hero-bg:#F5FAFF;--tint-hero-border:#CEE0F2;--tint-cat-bg:#F5FFFA;--tint-cat-border:#CEF2E0;--tint-featured-bg:#FAF5FF;--tint-featured-border:#E0CEF2;--tint-popular-bg:#FFF5FA;--tint-popular-border:#F2CEE0}[data-theme=dark]{--post-title-color:#ffffff;--post-title-hover:#6D8AF2;--backtp-bg:#1a1f24;--backtp-color:#eaecf0;--fab-glass-bg:rgba(26, 31, 36, 0.55);--fab-glass-border:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);--backtp-ring-track:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);--backtp-ring-bar:var(--link-color);--body-bg:#101418;--wrapper-bg:#101418;--card-bg:#1a1f24;--secondary-bg:#1a1f24;--tertiary-bg:#242a30;--body-text:#f8f9fa;--heading-text:#ffffff;--muted-text:#b8bec6;--link-color:#6D8AF2;--link-hover:#AFB6E9;--border-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);--border-light:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);--border-medium:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);--code-bg:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);--blockquote-bg:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);--mark-bg:#665200;--hr-color:#4a4a4a;--selection-bg:#3a5a7c;--comment-bg:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);--comment-avatar-bg:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);--comment-message-bg:#242a30;--menu-hover-bg:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);--submenu-bg:#1a1f24;--submenu-text:#eaecf0;--submenu-border:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);--submenu-hover-bg:#242a30;--label-bg:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);--related-nothumb-bg:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);--profile-bg:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);--profile-avatar-bg:#555555;--featured-info-bg:rgba(26, 31, 36, 0.95);--toc-bg:#1a1f24;--toc-alt-bg:#242a30;--toc-thumb-bg:#242a30;--toc-time-text:#b8bec6;--inline-related-posts-border:rgba(38, 144, 80, 0.4);--table-border:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);--box-shadow:0 2px 8px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--box-shadow-light:0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);--input-border:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);--field-inset-bg:rgba(255, 255, 255, .09);--field-inset-shadow:inset 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, .3),inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, .16);--field-inset-shadow-focus:inset 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, .3),inset 0 0 0 1px var(--link-color);--field-border:rgba(255, 255, 255, .22);--input-bg:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);--input-border-focus:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);--button-bg:var(--link-color);--button-text:#ffffff;--social-icon-bg:#d4d4d4;--social-icon-text:#101418;--footer-bg:#0b0e11;--footer-text:#c8ccd1;--footer-link:#c8ccd1;--footer-link-hover:#ffffff;--footer-nav-bg:#070a0d;--footer-nav-text:#eaecf0;--footer-widget-bg:#1a1f24;--footer-widget-text:#eaecf0;--author-badge-bg:var(--link-color);--author-badge-text:#ffffff;--scrollbar-bg:#101418;--scrollbar-thumb:#4a4a4a;--scrollbar-thumb-hover:#5a5a5a;--tint-hero-bg:#1A2233;--tint-hero-border:#2C3B52;--tint-cat-bg:#122A1E;--tint-cat-border:#1F4632;--tint-featured-bg:#241A33;--tint-featured-border:#3B2C52;--tint-popular-bg:#33192A;--tint-popular-border:#522C42;color-scheme:dark}[data-theme=dark] .post-body div[style*="background-color:"],[data-theme=dark] .post-body p[style*="background-color:"],[data-theme=dark] .post-body span[style*="background-color:"],[data-theme=dark] .post-body strong[style*="background-color:"]{background-color:transparent!important}[data-theme=dark] .post-body div[style*="color:"],[data-theme=dark] .post-body p[style*="color:"],[data-theme=dark] .post-body span[style*="color:"],[data-theme=dark] .post-body strong[style*="color:"]{color:inherit!important}[data-theme=dark] img:not([src*=".svg"]){-webkit-filter:brightness(0.95);filter:brightness(.95)}[data-theme=dark] .comments iframe{-webkit-filter:invert(0.93) hue-rotate(180deg);filter:invert(.93) hue-rotate(180deg)}[data-theme=dark] ::-moz-selection{background:var(--selection-bg);color:#fff}[data-theme=dark] ::selection{background:var(--selection-bg);color:#fff}[data-theme=dark] .lazyload+.lazy-loading{background:#1a1f24;background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,right top,color-stop(10%,#1a1f24),color-stop(18%,#262c33),color-stop(33%,#1a1f24));background:linear-gradient(to right,#1a1f24 10%,#262c33 18%,#1a1f24 33%)}.civilengineer-theme-switching,.civilengineer-theme-switching *{transition:none!important}html{font-size:calc(100% * var(--civilengineer-fs, 1));line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-behavior:smooth}body{background:var(--body-bg);color:var(--body-text);font-family:Roboto,Arial,sans-serif}#footer-navmenu .widget-content,#footer-wrapper,#header-wrapper,#wrapper,.footer-widget{max-width:var(--theme-width)}#cssmenu ul,#head-mobile,#header-container,#header-inner{height:var(--header-height)}#cssmenu>ul>li>a,h1.title,h2.title{line-height:var(--header-height)}a:link,a:visited{color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none}#sidebar-wrapper a:hover,a:hover{color:var(--link-hover)}#sidebar-wrapper a:link,#sidebar-wrapper a:visited{color:var(--link-color)}#wrapper,.label-info-th{background:var(--wrapper-bg)}#header-container{background:var(--header-bg);position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;width:100%;z-index:999}.header .description,.header a,.header a:hover,.header h1.title,.header h2.title{color:var(--header-text)}.FeaturedPost h3 a,h1.post-title,h1.post-title a,h2.post-title,h2.post-title a{color:var(--post-title-color)}.FeaturedPost h3 a:hover,h1.post-title a:hover,h2.post-title a:hover{color:var(--post-title-hover)}.LinkList ul li::before,.PageList ul li::before,.artikel-terbaru ul li::before,.list-label-widget-content ul li::before{background:var(--link-color)}.comments-threaded .icon.blog-author::after{background:var(--header-bg);color:var(--header-text)}#footer-navmenu ul li a,#footer-navmenu ul li a:hover{color:var(--footer-nav-text)}ul.nav-social li a svg path{fill:var(--footer-widget-text)}.social-icon{background:var(--social-icon-bg)}.search-bar-btn svg{fill:var(--header-text)}#cssmenu ul li.active a,#cssmenu>ul>li:hover>a,#cssmenu>ul>li>a{color:var(--header-text)}#cssmenu ul ul li{background:var(--submenu-bg);margin:0}#cssmenu ul li.has-sub ul li.has-sub ul li:hover,#cssmenu ul ul li.has-sub:hover,#cssmenu ul ul li:hover{background:var(--submenu-hover-bg)}.footer-wrapper a{color:var(--footer-link)}.footer-wrapper a:hover{color:var(--footer-link-hover)}.contact-form-email-message:focus,.contact-form-email-message:hover,.contact-form-email:focus,.contact-form-email:hover,.contact-form-name:focus,.contact-form-name:hover{border:1px solid var(--link-color)}.content-toc{background:var(--header-bg)}.content-toc .loading,.content-toc .toc-tabs li a{color:var(--header-text)}#back-to-top svg path{fill:var(--backtp-color)}#sidebar-wrapper .Profile .individual .profile-info a.profile-link,.BlogSearch .widget-content form input.search-action,.FollowByEmail .follow-by-email-inner form input.follow-by-email-submit,.contact-form-button{color:var(--header-text);background:var(--header-bg)}@media screen and (max-width:800px){#cssmenu>ul{max-height:calc(100vh - var(--header-height))}#cssmenu ul,#cssmenu ul li{background:var(--submenu-bg)}#cssmenu ul li.active,#cssmenu ul li.active:hover,#cssmenu ul li.has-sub.active:hover,#cssmenu>ul>li:hover{background:var(--submenu-hover-bg)}#cssmenu ul li a,#cssmenu ul li.active a,#cssmenu ul ul li a,#cssmenu>ul>li:hover>a{color:var(--submenu-text)}.button.menu-opened .mline1,.button.menu-opened .mline2,.mline1,.mline2,.mline3{background:var(--header-text)}}.darkmode-toggle svg path{fill:var(--header-text)}/*! ini normalize.css v8.0.1 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */details,main{display:block}hr{-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;overflow:visible}a{background-color:transparent;color:var(--link-color)}abbr[title]{border-bottom:none;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration:underline dotted;text-decoration:underline dotted}code,kbd,samp{font-family:monospace,monospace;font-size:1em}sub,sup{line-height:0}img{border-style:none}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0}button,input{overflow:visible}button,select{text-transform:none}[type=button],[type=reset],[type=submit],button{-webkit-appearance:button}[type=button]::-moz-focus-inner,[type=reset]::-moz-focus-inner,[type=submit]::-moz-focus-inner,button::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;padding:0}[type=button]:-moz-focusring,[type=reset]:-moz-focusring,[type=submit]:-moz-focusring,button:-moz-focusring{outline:ButtonText dotted 1px}fieldset{padding:.35em .75em .625em}legend{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;color:inherit;display:table;max-width:100%;padding:0;white-space:normal}progress{vertical-align:baseline}[type=checkbox],[type=radio]{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0}[type=number]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,[type=number]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto}[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;outline-offset:-2px}[type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}::-webkit-file-upload-button{-webkit-appearance:button;font:inherit}summary{display:list-item}[hidden],template{display:none}.icon-maps:before{content:"\e900"}.icon-search:before{content:"\e901"}.icon-email:before{content:"\e902"}.icon-twitter:before{content:"\e903"}.icon-youtube:before{content:"\e904"}.icon-instagram:before{content:"\e905"}.icon-telegram:before{content:"\e906"}.icon-behance:before{content:"\e907"}.icon-linkedin:before{content:"\e908"}.icon-whatsapp:before{content:"\e909"}.icon-dribbble:before{content:"\e90a"}.icon-pinterest:before{content:"\e90b"}.icon-github:before{content:"\e90c"}.icon-facebook:before{content:"\e90d"}.icon-tiktok:before{content:"\e90e"}.icon-mastodon:before{content:"\e90f"}.icon-threads:before{content:"\e910"}body{text-align:left;line-height:1.5;padding:0;margin:0;overflow-y:scroll;position:relative;background-color:var(--body-bg);color:var(--body-text)}b,dt,strong{font-weight:700}cite,em,i{font-style:italic}a:focus,a:hover{text-decoration:underline;color:var(--link-hover)}a img{border:0}abbr,acronym{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}sub,sup{vertical-align:baseline;position:relative;top:-.4rem;font-size:86%}sub{bottom:-.25em;top:.4rem}small{font-size:86%}kbd{font-size:80%;border:1px solid var(--border-color);padding:2px 5px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-radius:4px;background:var(--code-bg)}mark{background-color:var(--mark-bg);color:inherit}blockquote,dl,figure,form,hr,ol,p,pre,table,ul{margin:1.25rem 0}hr{height:1px;border:none;background-color:var(--hr-color)}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{margin:1.25rem 0;font-weight:700}h1{font-size:1.875rem}h2{font-size:1.625rem}h3{font-size:1.5rem}h4{font-size:1.25rem}h5{font-size:1rem}h6{font-size:.9375rem}ol,ul{margin:1.25rem 0;padding-left:3rem}ol ol,ul ul{margin:.5rem 0}li ol,li ul{margin:.75rem 0}dd{margin:0 0 .5rem 2rem}button,input,select,textarea{font:inherit;font-size:100%;line-height:normal;vertical-align:baseline}textarea{overflow:auto;display:block;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}code,pre{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,Monospace;color:inherit;font-size:.875rem}pre{white-space:pre;word-wrap:normal;overflow:auto}blockquote{background:var(--blockquote-bg);margin:1.5em 2em;padding:1em;font-style:italic;font-size:1.0625rem}blockquote::before{content:'"';font-size:1.75rem;text-decoration:inherit;padding-right:10px;color:inherit;line-height:1rem}blockquote[style]{background:0 0;font-style:normal}blockquote[style]::before{content:"";padding-right:0}iframe{max-width:100%}img,table{max-width:100%;height:auto}table[border="1"]{border-collapse:collapse}table[border="1"] td{vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:.875rem;padding:3px 10px;border:1px solid var(--table-border)}table[border="1"] th{vertical-align:top;text-align:center;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700;padding:5px 10px;border:1px solid var(--table-border)}td.tr-caption{font-size:.875rem}.clear{clear:both}.clear::after{visibility:hidden;display:block;font-size:0;content:" ";clear:both;height:0}.quickedit{display:none}.section,.widget{margin:0;padding:0}.CSS_LIGHTBOX{z-index:9999!important}.CSS_LAYOUT_COMPONENT{color:transparent}.custom-css,.custom-javascript-footer,.security-recaptcha,.template-settings{display:none}.post-body a[imageanchor]{display:inline-block}.post-body a[style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"]{margin:0!important;display:inline-block}.post-body iframe{max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto}.post-body td.tr-caption{font-size:.75rem;font-style:italic}.post-body .BLOG_video_class{border:0;width:480px;height:270px}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){.post-body div img.fullwidth,.post-body>img.fullwidth{width:100vw;max-width:100vw;margin:0 -15px!important}.post-body .tr-caption-container.fullwidth{margin-right:-15px!important;margin-left:-15px!important;width:100vw;max-width:100vw}.post-body .tr-caption-container.fullwidth img{width:100vw;max-width:100vw;margin:0!important}.post-body a[imageanchor],table.tr-caption-container{float:none!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important}.post-body .separator>a{margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important}}.lazyload{-webkit-transition:opacity .2s ease-in-out;transition:opacity .2s ease-in-out;opacity:0}.lazyload+.lazy-loading{background:#d7dee0;-webkit-transition:opacity .2s ease-in-out;transition:opacity .2s ease-in-out;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;overflow:hidden;opacity:1}.lazyload+.lazy-loading::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;width:60%;background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,right top,color-stop(0,#d7dee0),color-stop(50%,#c8cecf),color-stop(100%,#d7dee0));background:linear-gradient(to right,#d7dee0 0,#c8cecf 50%,#d7dee0 100%);-webkit-animation-duration:1.25s;animation-duration:1.25s;-webkit-animation-iteration-count:infinite;animation-iteration-count:infinite;-webkit-animation-name:placeHolderShimmer;animation-name:placeHolderShimmer;-webkit-animation-timing-function:ease-in-out;animation-timing-function:ease-in-out}.lazyload.loaded{opacity:1}.lazyload.loaded+.lazy-loading{opacity:0}@-webkit-keyframes placeHolderShimmer{0%{-webkit-transform:translateX(-100%);transform:translateX(-100%)}100%{-webkit-transform:translateX(267%);transform:translateX(267%)}}@keyframes placeHolderShimmer{0%{-webkit-transform:translateX(-100%);transform:translateX(-100%)}100%{-webkit-transform:translateX(267%);transform:translateX(267%)}}.skip-to-link{display:inline-block;background:#a0520f;color:#fff!important;text-decoration:none!important;left:0;top:0;padding:3px 10px;position:absolute;z-index:1000;-webkit-transform:translateY(-100%);transform:translateY(-100%);-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .3s;transition:transform .3s;transition:transform .3s,-webkit-transform .3s;outline:0;border-radius:4px;border:2px solid #fff}.skip-to-link:focus{-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}.screen-reader-text{border:0;height:0;position:absolute;width:0;top:0;overflow:hidden}a.read-more-link{position:relative}#header-wrapper{margin:0 auto;position:relative}#header-wrapper::after{content:"";display:block;clear:both}.header{max-width:400px;float:left;margin-right:20px;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.header #header-inner{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start;gap:10px}.header .header-logo{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}.header .header-logo img{max-height:calc(var(--header-height) - 18px);width:auto;padding:0;display:block;border-radius:6px}.header #header-inner.has-logo .titlewrapper{min-width:0}.header .titlewrapper{overflow:hidden}@media screen and (max-width:800px){.header{position:absolute;top:0;left:70px;right:70px;z-index:1;text-align:center;float:none;max-width:calc(100% - 140px);margin-right:0}.header #header-inner{-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center}.header h1.title,.header h2.title{font-size:1.0625rem}}.header .hasimg-title{display:-webkit-box!important;display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important}.header h1.title,.header h2.title{font-size:1.25rem;margin:0;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:-.2px;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;max-width:100%}.header .description{margin:-10px 0 4px;padding:0;font-size:.75em;display:none}.header a,.header a:hover{text-decoration:none}.header img{max-height:var(--header-height);display:block;width:auto;padding:10px 0;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.header .hide-title .title{text-indent:-9999px;visibility:hidden;margin:0;padding:0;height:0}#wrapper{padding-top:calc(var(--header-height) + 30px);display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;margin:0 auto;padding-left:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;position:relative}#post-wrapper{background:0 0;scroll-margin-top:calc(var(--civilengineer-hdr-total,var(--header-height)) + 24px);-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 75%;flex:1 1 75%;max-width:75%;min-width:0}.above-post-widget .widget-content{margin:0 0 30px;clear:both}.latest-post-title h2{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1;margin:0 0 20px;display:inline-block;text-transform:uppercase}.post-container{padding-left:25px}.post{margin-bottom:30px}.post::after{content:"";display:block;clear:both}.post-body{text-align:left;word-wrap:break-word}.post-body-artikel::after{content:"";display:block;clear:both}h1.post-title{font-size:1.875rem;margin:0 0 1.25rem}h2.post-title{font-size:1.25rem;margin:0 0 .625rem}h1.post-title a:focus,h1.post-title a:hover,h2.post-title a:focus,h2.post-title a:hover{text-decoration:none}.img-thumbnail{width:100%;position:relative;border-radius:4px;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-top:56.25%}.img-thumbnail img{width:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0}.img-thumbnail a:focus img{opacity:.7}.img-thumbnail-wrap{position:relative;float:left;width:39%;margin-top:3px;overflow:hidden}.info-1,.post-snippet,h2.post-title{margin-left:42%}@media screen and (max-width:480px){ol,ul{padding-left:1.25rem}.post-body .BLOG_video_class{width:320px;height:180px}.info-1,.post-snippet{margin-left:0}.img-thumbnail-wrap{margin-bottom:15px}.post-snippet{font-size:.875rem}.post-snippet::before{content:"";display:block;clear:both}}@media screen and (max-width:280px){.info-1,.post-snippet,h2.post-title{margin-left:0}.img-thumbnail-wrap{width:100%;margin-bottom:15px}}.label-line{position:relative;margin-bottom:15px}.label-line::before{background:var(--border-light);z-index:1;content:"";width:100%;height:2px;position:absolute;top:50%;left:0}.label-info-th{position:relative;z-index:2;display:inline-block;height:34px;padding-right:3px}.label-info-th a{background:var(--border-light);border-radius:4px;display:inline-block;padding:6px 12px;margin:2px 0;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:500}.post-info{font-size:.875rem}.post-info a{display:inline-block;color:inherit}.post-info>span::after{content:"-";padding:0 2px}.post-info>span:last-child::after{content:"";padding:0}.info-1{margin-top:10px}.info-3{margin-bottom:1.5rem}#sidebar-wrapper{background:0 0;margin:0 auto;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:0;-ms-flex-order:-1;order:-1;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 25%;flex:1 1 25%;max-width:25%;min-width:0}#sidebar-wrapper h2{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1;margin:0 0 20px;display:inline-block;text-transform:uppercase}#sidebar-wrapper ol,#sidebar-wrapper ul{list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0}#sidebar-wrapper li{margin:0 0 10px;padding:0 0 0 6px;border-left:5px solid var(--border-color)}#sidebar-wrapper .widget{margin:0 0 30px;clear:both}#sidebar-wrapper .widget-content::after{content:"";display:table;table-layout:fixed;clear:both}#sidebar-wrapper .sidebar-sticky{position:sticky;top:82px}#cssmenu{text-align:left}#cssmenu ul{margin:0;padding:0;display:block}@media screen and (max-width:800px){#cssmenu ul{width:100%;display:none;height:auto;-webkit-box-shadow:var(--box-shadow);box-shadow:var(--box-shadow);background:var(--wrapper-bg)}}@media screen and (min-width:801px){#cssmenu>ul{display:block!important}}#cssmenu ul li{list-style:none}#cssmenu ul li a{position:relative;display:block;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}#cssmenu #head-mobile{display:none;position:relative}#cssmenu>ul>li{float:left;margin:0}#cssmenu>ul>li>a{font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700;padding:0 17px;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase}#cssmenu ul li.active,#cssmenu ul li.active:hover,#cssmenu ul li.has-sub.active:hover,#cssmenu>ul>li:hover{background:var(--menu-hover-bg);-webkit-transition:background .2s;transition:background .2s}#cssmenu ul li.has-sub{position:relative}#cssmenu ul ul{height:auto;position:absolute;left:-9999px;z-index:1;-webkit-box-shadow:var(--box-shadow);box-shadow:var(--box-shadow);background:var(--submenu-bg);color:var(--submenu-text);opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(-10px);transform:translateY(-10px);-webkit-transition:.3s ease-in-out;transition:.3s ease-in-out}#cssmenu li:focus-within>ul,#cssmenu li:hover>ul{left:auto;opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0);-webkit-transition-delay:0s,0s,0.3s;transition-delay:0s,0s,0.3s}#cssmenu ul ul ul{margin-left:100%;top:0}#cssmenu ul ul li a{color:var(--submenu-text);font-size:.8125rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--submenu-border);padding:0 17px;line-height:36px;max-width:100%;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden}#cssmenu ul ul li a:hover{background:var(--submenu-hover-bg)}#cssmenu ul ul li.last-item>a,#cssmenu ul ul li:last-child>a{border-bottom:0}@media screen and (max-width:800px){#cssmenu{float:none}#cssmenu>ul{overflow-y:auto;opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(6px);transform:translateY(6px);-webkit-transition:.28s ease-in-out;transition:.28s ease-in-out}#cssmenu>ul.open{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}#cssmenu ul ul{-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;display:none;opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0);-webkit-transition:unset;transition:unset}#cssmenu li:hover>ul{-webkit-transition-delay:0s,0s,0s;transition-delay:0s,0s,0s}#cssmenu ul li{width:100%;border-top:1px solid var(--border-medium)}#cssmenu ul ul li a{padding:0 25px}#cssmenu ul li a,#cssmenu ul ul li a{width:100%;border-bottom:0}#cssmenu>ul>li{float:none;position:relative}#cssmenu>ul>li>a{padding:0 20px;line-height:42px}#cssmenu ul ul li.has-sub ul li a{padding-left:35px}#cssmenu ul ul,#cssmenu ul ul ul{position:relative;left:0;width:100%;margin:0;text-align:left}#cssmenu #head-mobile{display:block;color:#fff;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:700}#cssmenu ul ul ul li.active a{border-left:none}#cssmenu>ul ul>li.has-sub>ul>li.active>a,#cssmenu>ul>li.has-sub>ul>li.active>a{border-top:none}.mline1,.mline2,.mline3{position:absolute;left:0;display:block;height:3px;width:22px;content:"";border-radius:5px;-webkit-transition:.2s;transition:.2s}.mline1{top:0}.mline2{top:7px}.mline3{top:14px}.button{width:25px;height:20px;position:absolute;top:calc(50% - 10px);cursor:pointer;z-index:2;outline:0}.button.menu-opened .mline1{top:8px;border:0;height:3px;width:22px;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg)}.button.menu-opened .mline2{top:8px;width:22px;-webkit-transform:rotate(-45deg);transform:rotate(-45deg)}.button.menu-opened .mline3{display:none;height:0}}.bellow-header-widget,.bellow-header-widget2{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 100%;flex:1 1 100%;max-width:100%;min-width:0;text-align:center}.bellow-header-widget h2,.bellow-header-widget.no-items,.bellow-header-widget2 h2,.bellow-header-widget2.no-items{display:none}.bellow-header-widget .widget-content,.bellow-header-widget2 .widget-content{margin:0 0 30px;clear:both;overflow:hidden}.bellow-header-widget iframe,.bellow-header-widget img,.bellow-header-widget2 iframe,.bellow-header-widget2 img{max-width:100%;border:none;overflow:hidden}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){.bellow-header-widget2{width:calc(100% + 30px);-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 calc(100% + 30px);flex:1 1 calc(100% + 30px);max-width:calc(100% + 30px);margin:0 -15px}.bellow-header-widget2 .widget-content{margin:0 0 25px}}.iklan-atas .widget,.iklan-atas .widget-content,.iklan-bawah .widget,.iklan-bawah .widget-content,.iklan-tengah1 .widget,.iklan-tengah1 .widget-content,.iklan-tengah2 .widget,.iklan-tengah2 .widget-content{margin:0!important}.iklan-atas h2,.iklan-bawah h2,.iklan-tengah1 h2,.iklan-tengah2 h2{display:none}.post-body .widget-content{text-align:center;margin:.8em 0;display:block;clear:both}.post-body .widget-content>*{text-align:center;margin:0 auto}.post-body blockquote .widget-content,.post-body code .widget-content,.post-body ol .widget-content,.post-body pre .widget-content,.post-body table .widget-content,.post-body ul .widget-content{display:none}.post-body .widget-content.iklan-atas-artikel{margin-top:0}.post-body .widget-content.iklan-bawah-artikel{margin-bottom:0}.post-body .widget-content:blank{margin:0}.post-body #inline-related-posts{display:block}.post-body #inline-related-posts::before{content:"";display:block;clear:both}.post-body blockquote .inline-related-posts-wrap,.post-body code .inline-related-posts-wrap,.post-body ol .inline-related-posts-wrap,.post-body pre .inline-related-posts-wrap,.post-body table .inline-related-posts-wrap,.post-body ul .inline-related-posts-wrap{display:none}.post-body .inline-related-posts-wrap{text-align:left!important;margin:15px;font-size:.875rem;border-left:5px solid var(--inline-related-posts-border);padding:0 0 0 15px}@media screen and (max-width:480px){.post-body .inline-related-posts-wrap{margin:12px;padding:0 0 0 10px}}.post-body #inline-related-posts strong{display:inline-block;font-size:.875rem;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:.6rem}.post-body #inline-related-posts a{font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;padding:0}.post-body #inline-related-posts ul{margin:0 0 0 20px;padding-left:0}.post-body #inline-related-posts li{padding:0;margin:0 0 .5rem}.post-body #inline-related-posts li:last-child{margin:0}.breadcrumbs{font-size:.875rem;margin-bottom:20px}#blog-pager{font-size:.875rem;clear:both!important;overflow:hidden;padding:2px 0;text-align:center}#blog-pager::after{content:"";display:block;clear:both}#blog-pager-newer-link a{float:left}#blog-pager-older-link a{float:right}#blog-pager-newer-link a,#blog-pager-older-link a,.displaypageNum a,.pagecurrent,.showpage a{background:var(--label-bg);border-radius:4px;padding:8px 12px;margin:2px 3px 2px 0;display:inline-block}.pagecurrent{font-weight:700}.showpageOf{display:none!important}#blog-pager .pages{border:none}.content-toc{margin:0 auto;position:relative}.content-toc .loading{display:block;padding:2px 12px}.content-toc li,.content-toc ol,.content-toc ul{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.content-toc .toc-tabs{width:20%;float:left}.content-toc .toc-tabs li a{display:block;overflow:hidden;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;padding:12px}.content-toc .toc-tabs li a:hover{background-color:var(--menu-hover-bg)}.content-toc .toc-tabs li a.active-tab{background:var(--menu-hover-bg);position:relative;z-index:5;margin:0}.content-toc .toc-content,.content-toc .toc-line{width:80%;float:right;background-color:var(--toc-bg);border-left:5px solid var(--menu-hover-bg);-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.content-toc .toc-line{float:none;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0}.content-toc .panel{position:relative;z-index:5}.content-toc .panel li a{display:block;position:relative;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;padding:6px 12px;overflow:hidden}.content-toc .panel li time{display:block;font-weight:400;font-size:11px;color:var(--toc-time-text);float:right}.content-toc .panel li .summary{display:block;padding:10px 12px;font-size:13px}.content-toc .panel li .summary img.thumbnail{float:left;display:block;margin:5px 8px 0 0;width:72px;height:72px;background-color:var(--toc-thumb-bg)}.content-toc .panel li{background-color:var(--toc-alt-bg)}.content-toc .panel li:nth-child(2n){background-color:var(--toc-bg)}.content-toc .panel li a:focus,.content-toc .panel li a:hover,.content-toc .panel li.bold a{background-color:var(--menu-hover-bg);outline:0}@media (max-width:700px){.content-toc .toc-content,.content-toc .toc-tabs{overflow:hidden;width:auto;float:none;display:block}.content-toc .toc-tabs li{display:inline}.content-toc .toc-tabs li a{display:inline-block}.content-toc .toc-tabs li a.active-tab{background-color:var(--menu-hover-bg)}.content-toc .toc-content{border:none}.content-toc .panel li time,.content-toc .toc-line{display:none}}#back-to-top{background:var(--fab-glass-bg,var(--backtp-bg));color:var(--backtp-color);position:fixed;border:1px solid var(--fab-glass-border,var(--border-color));bottom:16px;right:20px;z-index:998;width:42px;height:42px;padding:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:50%;opacity:0;overflow:visible;-webkit-backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(12px);backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(12px);box-shadow:var(--header-shadow-idle,var(--box-shadow));-webkit-transition:opacity .3s,-webkit-transform .3s,box-shadow .3s;transition:opacity .3s,transform .3s,box-shadow .3s;cursor:pointer}#back-to-top:hover{box-shadow:var(--header-shadow-idle,var(--box-shadow)),0 0 0 1px var(--backtp-ring-bar,var(--link-color))}#back-to-top svg:not(.civilengineer-btt-ring){position:relative;z-index:1;font-size:1.5rem;border-radius:22px;width:22px;height:22px;vertical-align:middle}#back-to-top.showBtn{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}.civilengineer-btt-ring{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;width:48px;height:48px;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-90deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-90deg);pointer-events:none;z-index:0}.civilengineer-btt-ring-track{fill:none;stroke:var(--backtp-ring-track,var(--border-color));stroke-width:2.5}.civilengineer-btt-ring-bar{fill:none;stroke:var(--backtp-ring-bar,var(--link-color));stroke-width:2.5;stroke-linecap:round;-webkit-transition:stroke-dashoffset .1s linear;transition:stroke-dashoffset .1s linear}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.civilengineer-btt-ring-bar{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none}}.search-bar-wrap{position:absolute;top:50%;right:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:100}.search-bar-inner{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:999px;-webkit-transition:border-color .18s ease,-webkit-box-shadow .18s ease,background .3s;transition:border-color .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease,background .3s;background:0 0;height:36px;overflow:hidden}.search-bar-wrap.open .search-bar-inner{border-color:var(--border-color);background:var(--body-bg)}.search-bar-wrap.open .search-bar-inner:focus-within{border-color:var(--link-color);background:var(--body-bg);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(51,102,204,.15);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(51,102,204,.15)}[data-theme=dark] .search-bar-wrap.open .search-bar-inner:focus-within{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(111,168,220,.18);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(111,168,220,.18)}.search-bar-btn{background:0 0;border:none;cursor:pointer;padding:0 8px;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;height:34px;min-width:32px;color:var(--header-text);-webkit-transition:opacity .2s;transition:opacity .2s;outline:0}.search-bar-btn:hover{opacity:.7}.search-bar-btn svg{width:20px;height:20px;fill:var(--header-text);display:block}.search-bar-form{overflow:hidden;width:0;-webkit-transition:width .35s cubic-bezier(.4, 0, .2, 1);transition:width .35s cubic-bezier(.4, 0, .2, 1);pointer-events:none}.search-bar-wrap.open .search-bar-form{width:200px;pointer-events:auto}.search-bar-input{display:block;width:100%;height:34px;padding:4px 4px 4px 14px;border:none;background:0 0;color:var(--body-text);font-size:.875rem;outline:0;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;line-height:1.5}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){#header-wrapper{padding-left:30px;padding-right:30px}.search-bar-wrap{right:30px}}@media only screen and (max-width:800px){#header-wrapper{padding-left:0;padding-right:0;position:unset}#wrapper{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}.search-bar-wrap{right:20px}.search-bar-wrap.open .search-bar-form{width:160px}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px){#wrapper{padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}#cssmenu>ul>li>a{padding:0 15px}.search-bar-wrap{right:15px}.search-bar-wrap.open .search-bar-form{width:140px}}.darkmode-toggle{position:absolute;top:calc(50% - 12px);right:42px}#darkmode-btn{display:block;background:0 0;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;cursor:pointer;width:24px;height:24px;position:relative}#darkmode-btn svg{display:block;width:24px;height:24px;fill:currentColor;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .2s,-webkit-transform .3s;transition:opacity .2s,transform .3s,-webkit-transform .3s}#darkmode-btn .icon-moon{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0)}#darkmode-btn .icon-sun{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:rotate(-90deg);transform:rotate(-90deg)}#darkmode-btn:hover{opacity:.8}#darkmode-btn:focus{outline:0}#darkmode-btn:focus-visible{outline:currentColor solid 2px;outline-offset:2px}[data-theme=dark] #darkmode-btn .icon-moon{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg)}[data-theme=dark] #darkmode-btn .icon-sun{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0)}span.blog-admin{display:none}.comments-threaded{clear:both;margin:30px 0;font-size:.875rem}.comments-threaded h2.comments-title{font-size:1.125rem;margin:0 0 20px;padding:0;display:inline-block}.comments-threaded .comment-thread ol{text-align:left;margin:13px 0;padding:0;list-style:none}.comments-threaded .avatar-image-container img{max-width:36px;border-radius:17px}.comments-threaded .comment-block{background:var(--comment-bg);position:relative;padding:20px;margin-left:45px;border-radius:10px;word-break:break-word}.comments-threaded .comment-replies{margin:10px 0 10px 45px}.comments-threaded .comment-thread:empty{display:none}.comments-threaded .comment-replybox-single{margin:20px 0}.comments-threaded .comment{margin-bottom:6px;padding:0}.comments-threaded .comment .avatar-image-container{background-color:var(--comment-avatar-bg);border-radius:20px;float:left;max-height:36px;overflow:hidden;width:36px;height:36px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:8px 7px;background-image:url("data:image/png;base64,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")}.comments-threaded .comment .comment-thread.inline-thread .comment:nth-child(6){margin:0 0 5px 12%}.comments-threaded .comment .comment-thread.inline-thread .comment:nth-child(5){margin:0 0 5px 10%}.comments-threaded .comment .comment-thread.inline-thread .comment:nth-child(4){margin:0 0 5px 8%}.comments-threaded .comment .comment-thread.inline-thread .comment:nth-child(3){margin:0 0 5px 4%}.comments-threaded .comment .comment-thread.inline-thread .comment:nth-child(2){margin:0 0 5px 2%}.comments-threaded .comment .comment-thread.inline-thread .comment:first-child{margin:0 0 5px}.comments-threaded .comment .pesan-komentar:not(:empty){padding:20px;background:var(--comment-message-bg);margin-bottom:30px}.comments-threaded .comment .deleted-comment{font-style:italic;opacity:.5}.comments-threaded .comment-thread.inline-thread .comment,.comments-threaded .comment-thread.inline-thread .comment:last-child{margin:0 0 5px 14%}.comments-threaded .comment-thread{margin:0 0 30px;padding:0}.comments-threaded .inline-thread{margin:0}.comments-threaded cite.user{margin-right:8px}.comments-threaded .icon.blog-author{display:inline-block}.comments-threaded .icon.blog-author::after{content:"author";padding:2px 6px;border-radius:10px;font-size:.6875rem;display:inline-block;background:var(--author-badge-bg);color:var(--author-badge-text)}.comments-threaded .comment-header{font-size:.875rem;margin:0 0 15px}.comments-threaded .comment-content{margin:0 0 15px;text-align:left}.comments-threaded .datetime{margin:10px 0;display:block}.comments-threaded .datetime .datetime a{opacity:.8;color:inherit!important}.comments-threaded .user{font-weight:700;font-style:normal}.comments-threaded .comment .comment-actions a{display:inline-block;font-size:.8125rem;margin-right:8px}.comments-threaded .continue a{display:inline-block;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:700}.comments-threaded .comment .comment-actions a:hover,.comments-threaded .continue a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.comments-threaded .loadmore{cursor:pointer;margin-top:3em;max-height:3em}.comments-threaded .loadmore.loaded{max-height:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden}.comments-threaded .thread-chrome.thread-collapsed{display:none}.comments-threaded .thread-toggle{display:inline-block}.comments-threaded .thread-toggle .thread-arrow{display:inline-block;height:6px;margin:.3em;overflow:visible;padding-right:4px;width:7px}.comments-threaded .thread-expanded .thread-arrow{background:url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAcAAAAHCAYAAADEUlfTAAAAG0lEQVR42mNgwAfKy8v/48I4FeA0AacVDFQBAP9wJkE/KhUMAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") no-repeat}.comments-threaded .thread-collapsed .thread-arrow{background:url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAcAAAAHCAYAAADEUlfTAAAAJUlEQVR42mNgAILy8vL/DLgASBKnApgkVgXIkhgKiNKJ005s4gDLbCZBiSxfygAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==") no-repeat}.comments-threaded .hidden{display:none}@media screen and (max-device-width:480px){.comments-threaded .comments-content .comment-replies{margin-left:10px}.comments-threaded .comments-content .comment-replies .continue,.comments-threaded .thread-toggle{margin-left:45px}}.comments-non-threaded{clear:both;margin:30px 0;font-size:.875rem}.comments-non-threaded h2.comments-title{font-size:1.125rem;margin:0 0 20px;padding:0 0 5px;display:inline-block}.comments-non-threaded #comments-block{margin:0 0 30px}.comments-non-threaded #comments-block .avatar-image-container{display:inline-block;margin-right:4px;margin-bottom:-10px;background:var(--comment-avatar-bg);border-radius:17px}.comments-non-threaded #comments-block .avatar-image-container img{display:block}.comments-non-threaded #comments-block .comment-block{background:var(--comment-bg);position:relative;padding:20px;margin-bottom:15px;border-radius:4px;word-break:break-word}.comments-non-threaded #comments-block .comment-block .comment-author .comment-author-name{font-weight:700;display:block}.comments-non-threaded #comments-block .comment-block .comment-author .comment-timestamp,.comments-non-threaded #comments-block .comment-block .comment-author .item-control{opacity:.9;font-size:.75rem}.comments-non-threaded #comments-block .comment-block .comment-body{padding:10px 0;margin:0}.comments-non-threaded #comments-block .comment-block .comment-body p{margin:0}.comments .comment-note{word-break:break-word;margin:0 0 30px;font-size:.875rem}.comments .post-comment-link{font-weight:700}.status-msg-wrap{width:90%;margin:0 auto 15px;position:relative}.status-msg-border{border:none;-moz-opacity:0.4;opacity:.4;width:100%;position:relative}.status-msg-bg{background-color:transparent;opacity:.8;-moz-opacity:0.8;width:100%;position:relative;z-index:1}.status-msg-body{text-align:center;padding:.3em 0;width:100%;position:absolute;z-index:4}.status-msg-hidden{visibility:hidden;padding:.3em 0}.status-msg-wrap a{padding-left:.4em}.BlogArchive{font-size:.875rem}.BlogArchive #ArchiveList ul ul li{padding-left:1.2em;border-left:none}.BlogArchive #ArchiveList ul{margin:0;padding:0}.BlogArchive #ArchiveList ul.posts li{padding-left:1.25em;margin:0 0 10px}.BlogArchive .hierarchy-title{margin-bottom:10px}.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown select{padding:5px 7px;border-radius:4px;cursor:pointer}.cloud-label-widget-content{text-align:left;font-size:.875rem}.cloud-label-widget-content .label-size{-webkit-transition:.25s;transition:.25s;line-height:1.2;display:block;float:left;margin:0 3px 3px 0;font-size:.875rem}.cloud-label-widget-content .label-size a{background:var(--label-bg);border-radius:4px;display:inline-block;padding:8px 12px}.cloud-label-widget-content .label-size span{display:inline-block}.cloud-label-widget-content .label-count{margin-right:0}.list-label-widget-content{font-size:.875rem}.list-label-widget-content ul{-webkit-column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;column-count:2;-webkit-column-gap:8px;-moz-column-gap:8px;column-gap:8px}.list-label-widget-content ul li{padding-bottom:5px;margin:0;padding-top:5px}.FeaturedPost .featured-outer{margin:0 0 30px;clear:both}#FeaturedPost1 .featured-outer{background:var(--tint-featured-bg);border:1px solid var(--tint-featured-border);border-radius:14px;padding:16px;box-sizing:border-box}.FeaturedPost h2.title{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1;margin:0 0 20px;display:inline-block;text-transform:uppercase}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-summary{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-img{width:100%;position:relative;border-radius:4px;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-top:56.25%}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-img img{width:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-img a:focus img{opacity:.7}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-info{position:absolute;z-index:1;padding:10px 15px;left:15px;right:15px;bottom:15px;background:var(--featured-info-bg);border-radius:4px}.FeaturedPost h3{font-size:1.5rem;margin:0 0 5px}.FeaturedPost h3 a,.FeaturedPost h3 a:hover{text-decoration:none}.FeaturedPost p{margin:0}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){.FeaturedPost .featured-post-summary{width:calc(100% + 30px);margin:0 0 15px -15px}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-summary h3{font-size:1.25rem}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-img{border-radius:0}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-info{padding:10px 15px}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-info p{font-size:.875rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:320px){.FeaturedPost .featured-post-info{bottom:unset;top:15px}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-summary p{display:none}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-summary h3{margin:0}}.PopularPosts .widget-content::after{content:"";display:block;clear:both}.PopularPosts .popular-post{margin-bottom:15px}.PopularPosts .popular-post::after{content:"";clear:both;display:block}.PopularPosts .popular-post-thumbnail{position:relative;float:left;margin-right:10px;border-radius:4px;overflow:hidden}.PopularPosts .popular-post-thumbnail img{display:block;width:80px;height:80px}.PopularPosts .popular-post-thumbnail a:focus img{opacity:.7}.PopularPosts .popular-post-title{font-weight:700;font-size:.875rem}.PopularPosts .popular-post-snippet{font-size:.75rem;margin-top:8px;opacity:.925}.Feed ul li{display:block;margin:0 0 10px}.Feed ul li:last-child{margin-bottom:10px}.Feed .item-author,.Feed .item-date{color:var(--muted-text)}.Feed .item-title{font-weight:700}.gsc-search-box-tools .gsc-search-box .gsc-input{margin:3px 0!important}.gsib_a{padding:0 6px!important}.cse .gsc-search-button-v2,.gsc-search-button-v2{padding:9px 27px!important}.Image .widget-content{position:relative}.Image .widget-content img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto}.Image .widget-content .caption{text-align:center;font-size:.75rem}.ContactForm form{margin:0}.ContactForm .input-label{font-size:.875rem;display:block}.ContactForm span.required{color:red}.contact-form-error-message,.contact-form-error-message-with-border{background:#fff1f2;border-color:#fda4af;color:#9f1239;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.45;text-align:center;max-width:600px;border-radius:3px}.contact-form-error-message{border:0 solid #fda4af}.contact-form-error-message-with-border{border:1px solid #fda4af;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px}.contact-form-success-message,.contact-form-success-message-with-border{background:#ecfdf5;border-color:#86efac;color:#166534;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.45;text-align:center;max-width:600px;border-radius:3px}.contact-form-success-message{border:0 solid #86efac}.contact-form-success-message-with-border{border:1px solid #86efac;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px}[data-theme=dark] .contact-form-error-message,[data-theme=dark] .contact-form-error-message-with-border{background:#3f111b;border-color:#9f1239;color:#fecdd3}[data-theme=dark] .contact-form-success-message,[data-theme=dark] .contact-form-success-message-with-border{background:#0d2a1d;border-color:#2f855a;color:#bbf7d0}.contact-form-cross{height:11px;margin:0 5px;vertical-align:-8.5%;width:11px}.contact-form-email,.contact-form-name{color:inherit;height:40px;margin:0 0 15px;max-width:300px;width:100%;padding:0 15px;border-radius:3px;border:1px solid var(--input-border-focus);-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.contact-form-email-message{color:inherit;margin:0;vertical-align:top;max-width:600px;width:100%;border-radius:3px;border:1px solid var(--input-border-focus);padding:15px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.contact-form-email-message:focus,.contact-form-email-message:hover,.contact-form-email:focus,.contact-form-email:hover,.contact-form-name:focus,.contact-form-name:hover{outline:0}.contact-form-email,.contact-form-email-message,.contact-form-name{background:var(--input-bg)}.contact-form-button{display:block;font-size:.875rem;line-height:24px;padding:12px 20px;margin:30px 0;text-align:center;border:none;border-radius:3px;font-weight:700}.contact-form-button.hover,.contact-form-button:hover{cursor:pointer;outline:0;opacity:.85}.contact-form-button.focus,.contact-form-button.left.focus,.contact-form-button.mid.focus,.contact-form-button.right.focus{outline:0}.contact-form-button-submit.focus,.contact-form-button-submit:focus{outline:0;opacity:.85}.swajib{font-weight:700;color:#e85e5e}.ctitles{display:block}.Profile .widget-content{background:var(--profile-bg);border-radius:4px}.Profile .individual{position:relative;padding:30px 25px}.Profile .individual .profile-img-wrap{position:relative;text-align:center;margin:0 auto;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50px;overflow:hidden}.Profile .individual .profile-img-wrap .profile-img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:50px}.Profile .individual .profile-info{text-align:center}.Profile .individual .profile-info .profile-link-author{font-size:1.25rem;margin:10px 0 5px;display:block}.Profile .individual .profile-info .profile-link{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:6px;margin-top:15px;font-size:.875rem;padding:0;border:none;border-radius:0;background:0 0;color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none;transition:color .2s ease,text-decoration-color .2s ease}#sidebar-wrapper .Profile .individual .profile-info a.profile-link{color:var(--link-color);background:0 0}.Profile .individual .profile-info .profile-link-icon{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;width:16px;height:16px;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}.Profile .individual .profile-info .profile-link-icon svg{width:16px;height:16px}.Profile .individual .profile-info .profile-link:hover{color:var(--link-hover);text-decoration:underline}.Profile .individual .profile-info .location{font-size:.875rem;margin-bottom:12px}.Profile .individual .profile-info .location svg{width:18px;height:18px;margin-bottom:-3px;fill:currentColor}.Profile .individual .profile-info .profile-textblock{color:inherit}.Profile .team{padding:20px;text-align:center}.Profile .team .team-member{margin:15px 0}.Profile .team .team-member .profile-link{display:block;position:relative}.Profile .team .team-member .profile-link .tema-profil-img-wrap{position:relative;width:50px;height:50px;margin-right:6px;border-radius:25px;overflow:hidden;background:var(--profile-avatar-bg);display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.Profile .team .team-member .profile-link .tema-profil-img-wrap .default-avatar,.Profile .team .team-member .profile-link .tema-profil-img-wrap .profile-img{width:100%;height:100%}.Profile .team .team-member .profile-link .profile-name{font-weight:700;color:inherit;vertical-align:middle}.author-profile{margin:2rem 0}.author-profile::after{content:"";display:block;clear:both}.author-profile .author-image-box{position:relative;float:left;margin-right:1rem;border-radius:35px;width:70px;height:70px;overflow:hidden}.author-profile .author-image{border-radius:35px;width:100%}.author-profile .author-about .author-name{display:block;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.author-profile .author-about .author-bio{font-size:.875rem}.artikel-terbaru ul li{padding-bottom:8px;margin-bottom:8px;font-weight:700}.artikel-terbaru ul li::before{content:" ";width:8px;height:8px;display:inline-block;border-radius:4px;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:3px;opacity:.7}#related-posts{margin:30px auto 0}#related-posts::after{content:"";display:block;clear:both}#related-posts p.ms-title{margin:0 0 10px;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700}#related-posts .related-title{position:relative}#related-posts ul.ms-related-hasthumb{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;word-wrap:break-word;overflow:hidden}#related-posts ul.ms-related-hasthumb li{margin:0 2% 10px 0;padding:0;font-size:.875rem;list-style:none;word-wrap:break-word;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition:opacity .2s linear;transition:opacity .2s linear;float:left;width:23.5%;height:auto}#related-posts ul.ms-related-hasthumb li a,#related-posts ul.ms-related-hasthumb li a:hover{text-decoration:none;color:inherit}#related-posts ul.ms-related-hasthumb li a:focus div.related-thumb-outer,#related-posts ul.ms-related-hasthumb li:hover{opacity:.8}#related-posts ul.ms-related-hasthumb li:nth-of-type(4n+0){margin-right:0}#related-posts ul.ms-related-hasthumb li:nth-of-type(4n+1){clear:both}#related-posts ul.ms-related-hasthumb li .related-thumb{display:block;max-height:none;background-color:transparent;border:none;padding:0;width:100%;border-radius:4px;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0}#related-posts ul.ms-related-hasthumb li .related-thumb[src^="//img.youtube.com"]{margin-top:-9%}#related-posts ul.ms-related-hasthumb li div.related-thumb-outer{position:relative;height:0;padding-top:56.25%;overflow:hidden;border-radius:4px}#related-posts ul.ms-related-hasthumb div.related-title-outer{font-weight:700;padding:10px 0 15px;display:block;color:inherit}#related-posts ul.ms-related-nothumb{margin:0 0 1.25rem;background:var(--related-nothumb-bg);border-left:5px solid var(--border-light);padding:1rem 1rem 1rem 2rem}#related-posts ul.ms-related-nothumb li{margin:0;padding:6px 0;font-weight:700}#related-posts ul.ms-related-nothumb li a{text-decoration:none}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){#related-posts ul.ms-related-hasthumb li{width:48%;margin-right:4%}#related-posts ul.ms-related-hasthumb li:nth-of-type(2n+0){margin-right:0}#related-posts ul.ms-related-hasthumb li:nth-of-type(odd){clear:both}}@media only screen and (max-width:320px){#related-posts ul.ms-related-hasthumb li{width:100%;margin-right:0}}.FollowByEmail .widget-content{margin:0}.FollowByEmail .follow-by-email-inner{border-radius:4px;padding:15px;background:rgba(195,195,195,.08);text-align:center}.FollowByEmail .follow-by-email-inner form input.follow-by-email-address{color:inherit;padding:10px 15px;margin-bottom:10px;border-radius:4px;border:1px solid rgba(51,51,51,.15);max-width:250px;width:100%;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.FollowByEmail .follow-by-email-inner form input.follow-by-email-submit{cursor:pointer;padding:10px 15px;border-radius:4px;border:none}.FollowByEmail .follow-by-email-inner form input.follow-by-email-submit:hover{opacity:.9}.BlogSearch h3.title{display:none}.BlogSearch .widget-content form input.search-input{padding:10px 14px;border-radius:9px;border:0;background:var(--field-inset-bg);-webkit-box-shadow:var(--field-inset-shadow);box-shadow:var(--field-inset-shadow);color:inherit;outline:0;-webkit-transition:box-shadow .18s ease,background .18s ease;transition:box-shadow .18s ease,background .18s ease}.BlogSearch .widget-content form input.search-input:focus{-webkit-box-shadow:var(--field-inset-shadow-focus);box-shadow:var(--field-inset-shadow-focus)}.BlogSearch .widget-content form input.search-action{cursor:pointer;padding:6px 8px;border-radius:4px;border:none}.BlogSearch .widget-content form input.search-action:hover{opacity:.9}.Stats .widget-content #Stats1_content{font-weight:700;font-size:2rem}.buttonDownload{background:var(--button-bg);border-radius:3px;display:inline-block;position:relative;padding:10px 25px;color:var(--button-text)!important;font-weight:700;font-size:.875rem;text-align:center;text-indent:15px;transition:.4s;-moz-transition:.4s;-webkit-transition:.4s}.buttonDownload:hover{opacity:.85}.buttonDownload::after,.buttonDownload::before{content:" ";display:block;position:absolute;left:15px;top:52%}.buttonDownload::before{width:10px;height:2px;border-style:solid;border-width:0 2px 2px}.buttonDownload::after{width:0;height:0;margin-left:3px;margin-top:-7px;border-style:solid;border-width:4px 4px 0;border-color:transparent;border-top-color:inherit;-webkit-animation:2s linear infinite paused downloadArrow;animation:2s linear infinite paused downloadArrow}.buttonDownload:hover::after{-webkit-animation-play-state:running;animation-play-state:running}@-webkit-keyframes downloadArrow{0%{margin-top:-7px;opacity:1}0.001%{margin-top:-15px;opacity:0}50%{opacity:1}100%{margin-top:0;opacity:0}}@keyframes downloadArrow{0%{margin-top:-7px;opacity:1}0.001%{margin-top:-15px;opacity:0}50%{opacity:1}100%{margin-top:0;opacity:0}}.Attribution{text-align:center}.Subscribe .widget-content{font-size:.75rem}.Subscribe .widget-content .feed-reader-links{margin-bottom:10px}.Subscribe .widget-content .feed-reader-links .feed-icon{vertical-align:middle;margin-right:3px}.Subscribe .widget-content .feed-reader-links span{vertical-align:middle;font-weight:700}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.darkmode-toggle{right:72px}#footer-navmenu-container,.footer-widget{max-width:100%}#footer-navmenu-container,.footer-widget .widget{padding-left:30px;padding-right:30px}.sticky-mobile{margin-right:30px}}@media only screen and (max-width:800px){.darkmode-toggle{right:62px}#post-wrapper,#sidebar-wrapper{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 100%;flex:1 1 100%;max-width:100%}#sidebar-wrapper{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:1;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0}.post-container{padding:0 0 20px}#footer-navmenu-container,.footer-widget .widget{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}.button{left:20px}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px){.darkmode-toggle{right:57px}#footer-navmenu-container,.footer-widget .widget{padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}.button{left:15px}}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){#footer-navmenu ul li a{margin:0 8px}ul.nav-social li{padding:0 8px}.post-snippet{margin-top:10px}blockquote{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.post-body .inline-related-posts-wrap{margin:1em 0;max-width:100%}h1{font-size:170%}h2{font-size:150%}h3{font-size:130%}h4{font-size:120%}h5{font-size:110%}h6{font-size:100%}h2.post-title{font-size:18px}h1.post-title{font-size:24px}.post-body img.fullwidth{width:100vw;margin:0 -15px;max-width:100vw}#blog-pager,.section:last-child .widget:last-child,.sidebar .widget,.sidebar-sticky .widget{margin:0 0 20px}.comments .comments-content .comment-replies{margin-left:20px!important}.comments .comment-block{padding:15px!important}.comment .comment-thread.inline-thread .comment{margin:0!important}}[data-theme=dark]{--header-bg:#1a1f24;--header-text:#eaecf0}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-hidden{transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 6px))}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){#header-container{transition:none}}#cssmenu>ul>li>a{font-size:.8125rem;letter-spacing:.03em;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:600}#cssmenu>ul>li>a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}#cssmenu ul li.active,#cssmenu ul li.active:hover,#cssmenu ul li.has-sub.active:hover,#cssmenu>ul>li:hover{background:0 0}.post{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color);padding-bottom:20px}#sidebar-wrapper h2{border-bottom:2px solid var(--link-color);padding-bottom:8px;font-size:.875rem}.search-bar-btn:hover svg{transform:scale(1.1);transition:transform .2s}#site-footer{margin-top:40px;background:var(--body-bg);border-top:1px solid var(--border-color);position:relative;z-index:1;clear:both}#site-footer .section{margin:0;padding:0}#site-footer .widget{margin:0}.footer-center{max-width:var(--theme-width);margin:0 auto;padding:0 30px 44px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.6fr) minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1.35fr);gap:34px;align-items:start;box-sizing:border-box}.footer-col{min-width:0}.footer-col .widget-content>h2.title,.footer-col .widget>h2.title,.footer-col-title{margin:0 0 18px;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:normal;color:var(--muted-text)}.footer-col-brand .widget{margin:0 0 18px}.footer-col-brand .widget:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.footer-logo-link{display:inline-block;text-decoration:none}.footer-logo-img{max-height:64px;width:auto;display:block}.footer-logo-custom img{max-height:64px;width:auto;display:block}.footer-logo-text{font-size:1.6rem;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--heading-text)}.footer-desc{margin:12px 0 0;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted-text);max-width:340px}.footer-social{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:16px;margin-top:4px}.footer-social a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:26px;height:26px;transition:transform .2s ease,opacity .2s ease}.footer-social a:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);opacity:.85}.footer-social svg{width:22px;height:22px;display:block}[data-theme=dark] .footer-social a[aria-label=X] svg path{fill:#e8e8e8}.footer-links{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.footer-links li{margin:0 0 13px}.footer-links li:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.footer-links li a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.4;color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none}.footer-links li a:hover{color:var(--link-hover);text-decoration:none}#site-footer .footer-col-application .widget-content>h2.title,#site-footer .footer-col-application .widget-content>h3.footer-col-title,#site-footer .footer-col-application .widget>h2.title,#site-footer .footer-col-newsletter .widget-content>h2.title,#site-footer .footer-col-newsletter .widget-content>h3.footer-col-title,#site-footer .footer-col-newsletter .widget>h2.title{margin:0 0 18px;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:normal;color:var(--muted-text)}#site-footer .footer-col-application .widget-content>ul,#site-footer .footer-col-application .widget>ul,#site-footer .footer-col-newsletter .widget-content>ul,#site-footer .footer-col-newsletter .widget>ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}#site-footer .footer-col-application .widget-content>ul>li,#site-footer .footer-col-application .widget>ul>li,#site-footer .footer-col-newsletter .widget-content>ul>li,#site-footer .footer-col-newsletter .widget>ul>li{margin:0 0 13px}#site-footer .footer-col-application .widget-content>ul>li:last-child,#site-footer .footer-col-application .widget>ul>li:last-child,#site-footer .footer-col-newsletter .widget-content>ul>li:last-child,#site-footer .footer-col-newsletter .widget>ul>li:last-child{margin-bottom:0}#site-footer .footer-col-application .widget-content>ul>li>a,#site-footer .footer-col-application .widget>ul>li>a,#site-footer .footer-col-newsletter .widget-content>ul>li>a,#site-footer .footer-col-newsletter .widget>ul>li>a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.4;color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none}#site-footer .footer-col-application .widget-content>ul>li>a:hover,#site-footer .footer-col-application .widget>ul>li>a:hover,#site-footer .footer-col-newsletter .widget-content>ul>li>a:hover,#site-footer .footer-col-newsletter .widget>ul>li>a:hover{color:var(--link-hover);text-decoration:none}#site-footer .footer-col-application .widget-content>ul>li>a .footer-link-ico,#site-footer .footer-col-application .widget-content>ul>li>a svg,#site-footer .footer-col-application .widget>ul>li>a .footer-link-ico,#site-footer .footer-col-application .widget>ul>li>a svg,#site-footer .footer-col-newsletter .widget-content>ul>li>a .footer-link-ico,#site-footer .footer-col-newsletter .widget-content>ul>li>a svg,#site-footer .footer-col-newsletter .widget>ul>li>a .footer-link-ico,#site-footer .footer-col-newsletter .widget>ul>li>a svg{flex:0 0 auto;width:15px;height:15px;fill:currentColor;opacity:.9}#footer-application .widget-content ul,#footer-newsletter .widget-content ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}#footer-application .widget-content ul>li,#footer-newsletter .widget-content ul>li{margin:0 0 13px}#footer-application .widget-content ul>li:last-child,#footer-newsletter .widget-content ul>li:last-child{margin-bottom:0}#footer-application .widget-content ul>li>a,#footer-newsletter .widget-content ul>li>a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.4;color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none}#footer-application .widget-content ul>li>a:hover,#footer-newsletter .widget-content ul>li>a:hover{color:var(--link-hover);text-decoration:none}#footer-application .widget-content ul>li>a::before,#footer-newsletter .widget-content ul>li>a::before{content:"";flex:0 0 auto;width:15px;height:15px;opacity:.9;background-color:currentColor;-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M14 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8l-6-6zm0 2 4 4h-4V4z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M14 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8l-6-6zm0 2 4 4h-4V4z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain;mask-size:contain}.footer-link-ico{flex:0 0 auto;width:15px;height:15px;fill:currentColor;opacity:.9}.footer-bottom{background:var(--secondary-bg);border-top:1px solid var(--footer-divider);border-bottom:1px solid var(--footer-divider)}.footer-bottom-inner{max-width:var(--theme-width);margin:0 auto;padding:20px 30px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-direction:column;gap:12px;box-sizing:border-box}.footer-bottom .section,.footer-bottom .widget{margin:0;padding:0}.footer-bottom-policies{width:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center;text-align:center}.footer-bottom-copyright,.footer-bottom-trust{width:100%;text-align:center}.footer-copyright-text{margin:0;font-size:.8125rem;color:var(--muted-text)}.footer-copyright-text .footer-brand-link{color:inherit;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600}.footer-copyright-text .footer-brand-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}.footer-nav-inline{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}.footer-nav-inline li{margin:0;display:flex;align-items:center}.footer-nav-inline li a{font-size:.8125rem;color:var(--muted-text);padding:2px 0}.footer-nav-inline li a:hover{color:var(--link-color)}.footer-nav-inline li:not(:last-child)::after{content:"|";margin:0 14px;color:var(--border-color)}.footer-trust-badges-slot{width:100%;margin-top:0}.footer-trust-badges-slot:empty{display:none;margin-top:0}.footer-trust-badges{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;gap:12px;margin-top:0}.footer-trust-badges .dmca-badge{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;line-height:0}.footer-trust-badges .dmca-badge img{display:block;vertical-align:middle}.footer-trust-badges .fsl-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1;color:var(--muted-text);text-decoration:none}.footer-trust-badges .fsl-link:hover{color:var(--link-color)}.footer-trust-badges .fsl-link svg{display:block;vertical-align:middle}.footer-trust-badges .fsl-link svg:first-child{width:15px;height:15px;flex-shrink:0;stroke:#16a34a}.footer-trust-badges .fsl-link svg:last-child{width:14px;height:14px;flex-shrink:0}#site-footer .footer-col-brand .footer-trust-badges-slot{margin-top:var(--fc-gap-follow,28px)}#site-footer .footer-col-brand #footer-trust-badges .widget{margin-top:var(--fc-gap-follow,28px)}#site-footer .footer-col-brand:has(.footer-logo) #footer-trust-badges .widget{margin-top:10px}#site-footer .footer-col-brand .footer-trust-badges{justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:0}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.footer-center{padding-left:30px;padding-right:30px}.footer-bottom-inner{padding-left:30px;padding-right:30px}}@media only screen and (max-width:900px){.footer-center{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:30px 28px}.footer-col-brand{grid-column:1/-1}.footer-col-newsletter{grid-column:1/-1}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){#site-footer{margin-top:28px}.footer-center{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:26px 20px;padding:32px 20px}.footer-col-brand{grid-column:1/-1;text-align:center}.footer-col-newsletter{grid-column:1/-1}.footer-col-brand .footer-logo{display:flex;justify-content:center}.footer-desc{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.footer-social{justify-content:center;gap:20px}.footer-col-title{margin-bottom:14px}.footer-bottom-inner{align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:22px 20px;text-align:center}.footer-bottom-copyright,.footer-bottom-policies,.footer-bottom-trust{width:100%}.footer-copyright-text{text-align:center}.footer-nav-inline{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;column-gap:50px;row-gap:0}.footer-nav-inline li{justify-content:center;padding:11px 6px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color)}.footer-nav-inline li a{padding:0}.footer-nav-inline li:not(:last-child)::after{display:none}.footer-trust-badges{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;justify-content:center;gap:0;margin-top:10px}.footer-trust-badges .dmca-badge{justify-content:center;padding:11px 6px}.footer-trust-badges .fsl-link{justify-content:center;padding:11px 6px}#site-footer .footer-col-brand .footer-trust-badges{justify-content:center}}@media only screen and (max-width:360px){.footer-center{grid-template-columns:1fr}.footer-col-application,.footer-col-company{text-align:center}#site-footer #footer-application .widget-content,#site-footer #footer-application .widget-content>div,#site-footer #footer-application .widget-content>p{text-align:center}#site-footer #footer-application .widget-content img{display:block;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important}#site-footer #footer-application .widget-content a{display:inline-block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.footer-links li a{justify-content:center}}.civilengineer-toc{--civilengineer-accent:var(--link-color);background:var(--card-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:12px;box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-light);margin:1.75rem 0;padding:0;font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.55;overflow:hidden;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:100%}.civilengineer-toc *{box-sizing:border-box}.civilengineer-toc__head{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;padding:14px 18px;cursor:pointer;user-select:none;background:var(--secondary-bg);border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color)}.civilengineer-toc.is-collapsed .civilengineer-toc__head{border-bottom-color:transparent}.civilengineer-toc__title{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;margin:0;font-weight:700;font-size:1rem;color:var(--heading-text)}.civilengineer-toc__icon{width:18px;height:18px;flex:none;fill:var(--civilengineer-accent)}.civilengineer-toc__toggle{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background:0 0;border:0;cursor:pointer;padding:4px 6px;color:var(--muted-text);font-size:.82rem;font-weight:600;border-radius:6px;font-family:inherit}.civilengineer-toc__toggle:hover{color:var(--civilengineer-accent)}.civilengineer-toc__chevron{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor;transition:transform .25s ease}.civilengineer-toc.is-collapsed .civilengineer-toc__chevron{transform:rotate(-90deg)}.civilengineer-toc__body{transition:max-height .3s ease}.civilengineer-toc.is-collapsed .civilengineer-toc__body{max-height:0}.civilengineer-toc__nav{padding:12px 18px 16px;margin:0}.civilengineer-toc ol{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;counter-reset:civilengineer-c}.civilengineer-toc li{margin:0;counter-increment:civilengineer-c}.civilengineer-toc li>a{display:block;position:relative;padding:6px 8px 6px 10px;color:var(--body-text);text-decoration:none;border-radius:6px;border-left:2px solid transparent;transition:color .15s ease,background .15s ease,border-color .15s ease}.civilengineer-toc li>a:hover{color:var(--civilengineer-accent);background:var(--secondary-bg);text-decoration:none}.civilengineer-toc--numbered li>a::before{content:counters(civilengineer-c, ".") ".\00a0\00a0";color:var(--civilengineer-accent);font-weight:600;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.civilengineer-toc ol ol{padding-left:16px;margin-top:2px}.civilengineer-toc li.is-active>a{color:var(--civilengineer-accent);background:var(--secondary-bg);border-left-color:var(--civilengineer-accent);font-weight:600}@media (min-width:801px){.civilengineer-toc--sidebar{position:sticky;top:100px;z-index:2;margin:0 0 30px;font-size:.9rem}.civilengineer-toc--sidebar .civilengineer-toc__head{padding:13px 16px}.civilengineer-toc--sidebar .civilengineer-toc__nav{padding:10px 14px 14px}.civilengineer-toc--sidebar .civilengineer-toc__body{max-height:min(65vh,620px);overflow:auto}.civilengineer-toc--sidebar.is-collapsed .civilengineer-toc__body{max-height:0;overflow:hidden}#sidebar-wrapper>#civilengineer-toc.civilengineer-toc--sidebar~.sidebar-sticky{top:calc(100px + var(--civilengineer-toc-height,0px) + 30px)!important}}#sidebar-wrapper .civilengineer-toc li{border-left:none;margin:0;padding:0}#sidebar-wrapper .civilengineer-toc ol{margin:0;padding:0}#sidebar-wrapper .civilengineer-toc ol ol{padding-left:14px;margin-top:2px}[dir=rtl] #sidebar-wrapper .civilengineer-toc li{border-right:none}[dir=rtl] #sidebar-wrapper .civilengineer-toc ol ol,[dir=rtl] .civilengineer-toc ol ol{padding-left:0;padding-right:14px}[dir=rtl] .civilengineer-toc li>a{border-left:none;border-right:2px solid transparent}[dir=rtl] .civilengineer-toc li.is-active>a{border-right-color:var(--civilengineer-accent)}@media (max-width:768px){.civilengineer-toc{margin:1.25rem 0;border-radius:10px;font-size:.9rem}.civilengineer-toc__head{padding:12px 14px}.civilengineer-toc__nav{padding:10px 12px 12px}.civilengineer-toc ol ol{padding-left:12px}}@media (max-width:360px){.civilengineer-toc__toggle-text{display:none}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.civilengineer-toc__body,.civilengineer-toc__chevron{transition:none}}.breadcrumbs{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;row-gap:4px;font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1;color:var(--muted-text);margin-bottom:20px}.breadcrumbs .bc-item{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;box-sizing:border-box;height:28px;padding:0 10px;background:var(--card-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color)}.breadcrumbs .bc-item:first-child{border-radius:6px 0 0 6px}.breadcrumbs .bc-item:last-child{border-radius:0 6px 6px 0}.breadcrumbs .bc-item a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted-text);text-decoration:none;transition:color .15s ease}.breadcrumbs .bc-item a:hover{color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none}.breadcrumbs .bc-item span[itemprop=name]{max-width:220px;line-height:1.5;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.breadcrumbs .bc-active{color:var(--link-color);font-weight:500}.breadcrumbs .bc-home-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}.breadcrumbs .bc-home{width:16px;height:16px;display:block;fill:var(--muted-text);transition:fill .15s ease}.breadcrumbs .bc-home-link:hover .bc-home{fill:var(--link-color)}.breadcrumbs .bc-tag{width:16px;height:16px;display:block;flex:none;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}.bc-sep{width:0;height:0;flex:none;margin:0;border-top:14px solid transparent;border-bottom:14px solid transparent;border-left:10px solid var(--border-color)}@media (max-width:480px){.breadcrumbs{font-size:.75rem}.breadcrumbs .bc-item{height:24px;padding:0 8px;gap:5px}.breadcrumbs .bc-home,.breadcrumbs .bc-tag{width:14px;height:14px}.breadcrumbs .bc-item span[itemprop=name]{max-width:110px}.bc-sep{border-top-width:12px;border-bottom-width:12px;border-left-width:8px}}.label-line{margin:0 0 14px}.label-line::before{display:none}.label-info-th{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;height:auto;padding:0;background:0 0;position:static}.label-info-th a{display:inline-block;margin:0;padding:5px 13px;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.03em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link-color);background:var(--label-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:999px;transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease}.label-info-th a:hover{background:var(--link-color);color:#fff;border-color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none}.post-info.info-3{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;row-gap:6px;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color);border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color);padding:12px 0;margin:1.1rem 0 1.6rem;color:var(--muted-text)}.post-info.info-3>span{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}.post-info.info-3>span::after{content:"\2022";padding:0 10px;color:var(--muted-text);opacity:.5}.post-info.info-3>span:last-child::after{content:"";padding:0}.post-info.info-3 a{color:var(--muted-text)}.post-info.info-3 a:hover{color:var(--link-color)}@media (max-width:480px){.post-info.info-3>span::after{padding:0 7px}}.post-info.info-3 .author-info::before,.post-info.info-3 .comment-info::before,.post-info.info-3 .time-info::before,.reading-time-info::before{content:"";display:inline-block;width:15px;height:15px;margin-right:6px;flex:none;background:currentColor;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain;mask-size:contain}.post-info.info-3 .author-info::before{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M12 12a5 5 0 1 0-5-5 5 5 0 0 0 5 5Zm0 2c-4.4 0-8 2.2-8 5v1h16v-1c0-2.8-3.6-5-8-5Z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M12 12a5 5 0 1 0-5-5 5 5 0 0 0 5 5Zm0 2c-4.4 0-8 2.2-8 5v1h16v-1c0-2.8-3.6-5-8-5Z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.post-info.info-3 .time-info::before{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M7 2v2H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v13a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-2V2h-2v2H9V2Zm12 8v9H5v-9Z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M7 2v2H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v13a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-2V2h-2v2H9V2Zm12 8v9H5v-9Z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.reading-time-info::before{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M12 2a10 10 0 1 0 10 10A10 10 0 0 0 12 2Zm5 11h-6V6h2v5h4Z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M12 2a10 10 0 1 0 10 10A10 10 0 0 0 12 2Zm5 11h-6V6h2v5h4Z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.FeaturedPost .fp-rt::before,.grid-card-meta .meta-rt::before{margin-right:0}.post-info.info-3 .comment-info::before{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M4 2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8l-6 4V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2Z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M4 2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8l-6 4V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2Z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}:root{--grid-cols-d:2;--grid-cols-t:2;--grid-cols-m:1;--grid-gap:24px}.blog-posts.is-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--grid-cols-d),minmax(0,1fr));gap:var(--grid-gap);align-items:stretch}@media (min-width:901px){html[data-width-mode=wide] .blog-posts.is-grid{--grid-cols-d:3}}body.is-homepage .blog-posts.is-grid{--grid-cols-d:3}@media (min-width:901px){html[data-width-mode=wide] body.is-homepage .blog-posts.is-grid{--grid-cols-d:4}}.blog-posts.is-grid .status-msg-wrap{grid-column:1/-1}.blog-posts.is-grid .post-outer{display:flex;min-width:0;background:var(--card-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:14px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-light);transition:transform .25s ease,box-shadow .25s ease,border-color .25s ease}.blog-posts.is-grid .post{display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:none}.img-thumbnail{background:var(--label-bg)}.img-thumbnail .thumb-img{width:100%;height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;opacity:1}.img-thumbnail a{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;display:block;z-index:2}.img-thumbnail.thumb-noimg::after{content:"NO IMAGE";position:absolute;top:50%;left:0;right:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);text-align:center;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1px;color:var(--muted-text,#b0b0b0);opacity:.65;pointer-events:none}.blog-posts.is-grid .img-thumbnail-wrap{float:none;width:100%;margin:0}.blog-posts.is-grid .img-thumbnail{border-radius:0;padding-top:56.25%}.blog-posts.is-grid .img-thumbnail img{transition:transform .45s ease}.blog-posts.is-grid .grid-card-body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:1 1 auto;padding:16px 18px 18px;min-width:0}.blog-posts.is-grid .label-line{margin:0 0 10px}.blog-posts.is-grid h2.post-title{margin:0 0 8px;margin-left:0;font-size:1.06rem;line-height:1.35}.blog-posts.is-grid h2.post-title a{transition:color .18s ease}.blog-posts.is-grid .post-body.entry-content{margin:0}.blog-posts.is-grid .post-snippet{margin:0 0 14px;margin-left:0;font-size:.85rem;color:var(--muted-text);display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:3;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}.blog-posts.is-grid .post-snippet::before{content:none}.blog-posts.is-grid .info-1{margin:auto 0 0;margin-left:0;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color);display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;row-gap:4px;font-size:.75rem;color:var(--muted-text)}.blog-posts.is-grid .info-1>span{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}.blog-posts.is-grid .info-1>span::after{content:"\2022";padding:0 8px;opacity:.5}.blog-posts.is-grid .info-1>span:last-child::after{content:"";padding:0}.blog-posts.is-grid .info-1 .comment-info{display:none}.blog-posts.is-grid .post-snippet .read-more-link{display:inline-block;margin-top:4px;font-size:.78rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--link-color)}.blog-posts.is-grid .post-snippet .read-more-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}.blog-posts.is-grid h2.post-title a::after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:1}.blog-posts.is-grid .post-outer{position:relative}.blog-posts.is-grid .label-info-th a,.blog-posts.is-grid .post-snippet .read-more-link{position:relative;z-index:2}@media (hover:hover){.blog-posts.is-grid .post-outer:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);box-shadow:var(--box-shadow)}.blog-posts.is-grid .post-outer:hover .img-thumbnail img{transform:scale(1.06)}.blog-posts.is-grid .post-outer:hover h2.post-title a{color:var(--link-color)}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.blog-posts.is-grid .img-thumbnail img,.blog-posts.is-grid .post-outer{transition:none}}.blog-posts.is-grid.hide-label .label-line{display:none}.blog-posts.is-grid.hide-excerpt .post-snippet{display:none}.blog-posts.is-grid.hide-meta .info-1{display:none}.blog-posts.is-grid.hide-rt .reading-time-info{display:none}.FeaturedPost.hide-rt .reading-time-info,.civilengineer-trend-showcase.hide-rt .reading-time-info{display:none}.blog-posts.is-grid.hide-readmore .read-more-link{display:none}@media (max-width:900px){.blog-posts.is-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--grid-cols-t),minmax(0,1fr));gap:18px}}@media (max-width:560px){.blog-posts.is-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--grid-cols-m),minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px}.blog-posts.is-grid .grid-card-body{padding:12px 12px 14px}.blog-posts.is-grid h2.post-title{font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.35}.blog-posts.is-grid .grid-card-excerpt{font-size:.74rem}.blog-posts.is-grid .post-snippet{display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:3;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}.grid-card-meta{padding-top:10px;gap:4px;font-size:.7rem}.grid-card-meta svg{width:12px;height:12px}.grid-card-labels{margin-top:9px}.grid-card-labels .label-info-th a{font-size:.64rem;padding:3px 8px;margin:0 4px 4px 0}}#blog-pager{margin-top:10px}#blog-pager-newer-link a,#blog-pager-older-link a,.displaypageNum a,.pagecurrent,.pagenaviasi a,.pagenaviasi span,.showpage a{background:var(--card-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:8px;padding:8px 14px;margin:2px 4px 2px 0;display:inline-block;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--body-text);transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease}#blog-pager-newer-link a:hover,#blog-pager-older-link a:hover,.displaypageNum a:hover,.pagenaviasi a:hover,.showpage a:hover{background:var(--link-color);border-color:var(--link-color);color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.pagecurrent,.pagenaviasi span.pagecurrent{background:var(--link-color)!important;border-color:var(--link-color)!important;color:#fff!important}@media (max-width:480px){#blog-pager-newer-link a,#blog-pager-older-link a,.displaypageNum a,.pagecurrent,.showpage a{padding:7px 11px;font-size:.75rem}}.comments-non-threaded,.comments-threaded{border-top:1px solid var(--border-color);margin-top:36px;padding-top:30px}.post-nav{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:24px 40px;margin:44px 0 8px;padding:28px 2px;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color);border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color)}.post-nav-link{grid-column:1;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px;min-width:0;color:var(--body-text);text-decoration:none;border-radius:8px}.post-nav-link:focus,.post-nav-link:hover{text-decoration:none}.post-nav-link:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:5px}.post-nav-newer{grid-column:2;justify-content:flex-end;text-align:right}.post-nav-newer:first-child:last-child{grid-column:2}.post-nav-inner{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:5px;min-width:0}.post-nav-label{font-size:.72rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted-text);transition:color .18s ease}.post-nav-title{font-size:1.05rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;color:var(--heading-text);display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden;transition:color .18s ease}.post-nav-arrow{flex:none;display:inline-flex;margin-top:1px;color:var(--muted-text);transition:color .18s ease,-webkit-transform .22s ease;transition:transform .22s ease,color .18s ease;transition:transform .22s ease,color .18s ease,-webkit-transform .22s ease}.post-nav-arrow svg{width:22px;height:22px;fill:currentColor}.post-nav-link:focus-visible .post-nav-title,.post-nav-link:hover .post-nav-arrow,.post-nav-link:hover .post-nav-label,.post-nav-link:hover .post-nav-title{color:var(--link-color)}.post-nav-older:hover .post-nav-arrow{-webkit-transform:translateX(-4px);transform:translateX(-4px)}.post-nav-newer:hover .post-nav-arrow{-webkit-transform:translateX(4px);transform:translateX(4px)}[dir=rtl] .post-nav-arrow svg{-webkit-transform:scaleX(-1);transform:scaleX(-1)}[dir=rtl] .post-nav-older:hover .post-nav-arrow{-webkit-transform:translateX(4px);transform:translateX(4px)}[dir=rtl] .post-nav-newer:hover .post-nav-arrow{-webkit-transform:translateX(-4px);transform:translateX(-4px)}@media (max-width:600px){.post-nav{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px;margin:36px 0 6px;padding:22px 2px}.post-nav-newer,.post-nav-newer:first-child:last-child{grid-column:1}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.post-nav-arrow,.post-nav-label,.post-nav-title{transition:none}}.post-nav+.comments-non-threaded,.post-nav+.comments-threaded{border-top:none;margin-top:10px;padding-top:0}.page-static~.comments-non-threaded,.page-static~.comments-threaded{border-top:none;margin-top:10px;padding-top:0}.post-body .inline-related-posts-wrap.bj-cards{border-left:none;padding:0;margin:30px 0;font-size:1rem}[dir=rtl] .post-body .inline-related-posts-wrap.bj-cards{border-right:none}.bj-head{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;margin:0 0 14px;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--heading-text)}.bj-head svg{width:17px;height:17px;flex:none;fill:var(--link-color)}.bj-head::after{content:"";flex:1;height:1px;background:var(--border-color)}.bj-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:18px}.post-body #inline-related-posts a.bj-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;overflow:hidden;background:var(--card-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:12px;box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-light);color:var(--body-text);font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;transition:box-shadow .22s ease,border-color .22s ease,-webkit-transform .22s ease;transition:transform .22s ease,box-shadow .22s ease,border-color .22s ease;transition:transform .22s ease,box-shadow .22s ease,border-color .22s ease,-webkit-transform .22s ease}.post-body #inline-related-posts a.bj-card:focus-visible,.post-body #inline-related-posts a.bj-card:hover{-webkit-transform:translateY(-3px);transform:translateY(-3px);box-shadow:var(--box-shadow);text-decoration:none}.post-body #inline-related-posts a.bj-card:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:2px}.bj-thumb{display:block;position:relative;width:100%;height:0;padding-top:56.25%;background:var(--secondary-bg);overflow:hidden}.bj-thumb img{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;display:block;transition:-webkit-transform .3s ease;transition:transform .3s ease;transition:transform .3s ease,-webkit-transform .3s ease}.post-body #inline-related-posts a.bj-card:hover .bj-thumb img{-webkit-transform:scale(1.045);transform:scale(1.045)}.bj-noimg{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--related-nothumb-bg)}.bj-noimg svg{width:34px;height:34px;fill:var(--muted-text);opacity:.55}.bj-body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:7px;padding:13px 15px 15px;min-width:0}.bj-cat{align-self:flex-start;font-size:.68rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link-color);background:var(--label-bg);border-radius:5px;padding:3px 8px}.bj-title{font-size:.92rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.45;color:var(--heading-text);display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:3;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden;transition:color .18s ease}.post-body #inline-related-posts a.bj-card:hover .bj-title{color:var(--link-color)}.bj-date{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;margin-top:auto;font-size:.74rem;font-weight:400;color:var(--muted-text)}.bj-date svg{width:13px;height:13px;flex:none;fill:currentColor}@media (max-width:768px){.bj-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:14px}}@media (max-width:520px){.bj-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:12px}.post-body #inline-related-posts a.bj-card{flex-direction:row;align-items:stretch}.bj-thumb{flex:none;width:128px;height:auto;min-height:86px;padding-top:0}.bj-body{padding:11px 13px}.bj-title{font-size:.88rem;-webkit-line-clamp:2}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.bj-thumb img,.bj-title,.post-body #inline-related-posts a.bj-card{transition:none}}.share-box{position:relative;margin:32px 0;padding:26px 8px 28px;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color);border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color);text-align:center}.share-head{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:8px;margin:0 0 18px}.share-head-icon{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--label-bg);color:var(--heading-text)}.share-head-icon svg{width:15px;height:15px;fill:currentColor;display:block}.share-head-text{font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--heading-text);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.14em}.share-btns{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:10px;margin:0}.share-btn{width:44px;height:44px;flex:none;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;border:none;border-radius:50%;cursor:pointer;padding:0;color:#fff;background:var(--muted-text);box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-light);-webkit-transition:transform .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease,filter .18s ease;transition:transform .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease,filter .18s ease}.share-btn svg{width:20px;height:20px;fill:currentColor;display:block;pointer-events:none}.share-btn:hover{transform:translateY(-3px) scale(1.06);box-shadow:var(--box-shadow);filter:brightness(1.06);color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.share-btn:active{transform:translateY(-1px) scale(.97)}.share-btn:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:3px}a.share-btn:focus,a.share-btn:hover,a.share-btn:link,a.share-btn:visited{color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.share-shape-rounded .share-btn{border-radius:12px}.share-shape-square .share-btn{border-radius:6px}.share-btn.s-facebook{background:#1877f2}.share-btn.s-x{background:#0f1419}[data-theme=dark] .share-btn.s-x{background:#3a4046}.share-btn.s-whatsapp{background:#25d366}.share-btn.s-telegram{background:#229ed9}.share-btn.s-linkedin{background:#0a66c2}.share-btn.s-pinterest{background:#e60023}.share-btn.s-reddit{background:#ff4500}.share-btn.s-email{background:#ea4335}.share-btn.s-native{background:var(--muted-text)}.share-btn.s-copy{background:var(--link-color)}.share-color-theme .share-btn{background:var(--link-color)}.share-color-theme .share-btn.s-copy{background:var(--heading-text)}.share-btn.s-optional{display:none}.share-toast{position:fixed;left:50%;bottom:32px;z-index:9999;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:600;color:#fff;background:var(--heading-text);border-radius:999px;padding:9px 18px;box-shadow:var(--box-shadow);opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,10px);transform:translate(-50%,10px);-webkit-transition:opacity .25s ease,transform .25s ease,visibility .25s;transition:opacity .25s ease,transform .25s ease,visibility .25s}[data-theme=dark] .share-toast{background:#f0f0f0;color:#1a1d21}.share-toast svg{width:15px;height:15px;fill:#2ecc71;display:block;flex:none}.share-toast.show{opacity:1;visibility:visible;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,0);transform:translate(-50%,0)}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.share-btn,.share-toast{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none}.share-btn:active,.share-btn:hover{transform:none}}@media (max-width:480px){.share-box{margin:26px 0;padding:22px 0 24px}.share-btn{width:42px;height:42px}.share-btns{gap:9px}}:root{--static-max:860px}.is-static-page #sidebar-wrapper{display:none}.is-static-page #post-wrapper{-ms-flex:1 1 100%;flex:1 1 100%;max-width:100%}.is-static-page #post-wrapper .post-container{padding:0;max-width:var(--static-max);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}html[data-width-mode=wide] .is-static-page #post-wrapper .post-container{max-width:max(var(--static-max),min(70vw,1200px))}.is-homepage #sidebar-wrapper{display:none}.is-homepage #post-wrapper{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 100%;flex:1 1 100%;max-width:100%}.is-homepage .post-container{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}@media only screen and (min-width:801px){body.is-post #wrapper{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,3fr);grid-template-rows:auto 1fr;align-items:stretch}body.is-post #bellow-header-widget2{display:none}body.is-post #bellow-header-widget{grid-column:2;grid-row:1;max-width:none;padding-left:25px;box-sizing:border-box}body.is-post #post-wrapper{grid-column:2;grid-row:2;max-width:none}body.is-post #sidebar-wrapper{grid-column:1;grid-row:1/span 2;max-width:none;margin-top:clamp(12px,1.5vw,20px)}body.is-post #wrapper:has(#bellow-header-widget .widget-content) #sidebar-wrapper{margin-top:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:801px){body.is-archive #bellow-header-widget,body.is-archive #bellow-header-widget2,body.is-search-default #bellow-header-widget,body.is-search-default #bellow-header-widget2,body.is-search-label #bellow-header-widget,body.is-search-label #bellow-header-widget2,body.is-search-query #bellow-header-widget,body.is-search-query #bellow-header-widget2{display:none}body.is-archive #sidebar-wrapper,body.is-search-default #sidebar-wrapper,body.is-search-label #sidebar-wrapper,body.is-search-query #sidebar-wrapper{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}body#layout #wrapper{display:flex}body#layout #bellow-header-widget2{display:block}#related-posts{margin:34px auto 0}.related-head{display:flex;align-items:center;margin:0 0 22px}.related-head::after,.related-head::before{content:"";flex:1 1 auto;height:1px;background:var(--border-color)}.related-badge{flex:none;margin:0 16px;padding:9px 22px;border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:999px;background:var(--card-bg);color:var(--heading-text);font-size:.8rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;white-space:nowrap}.related-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--rel-cols-d,4),minmax(0,1fr));gap:20px}.related-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;background:var(--card-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-light);color:inherit;text-decoration:none;transition:transform .25s ease,box-shadow .25s ease,border-color .25s ease}.related-card:hover{text-decoration:none}.related-card-thumb{position:relative;width:100%;padding-top:56.25%;overflow:hidden;background:var(--secondary-bg)}.related-card-thumb .related-thumb{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;display:block;transition:transform .4s ease}.related-noimg{position:absolute;inset:0;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--secondary-bg);color:var(--muted-text)}.related-noimg span{font-size:.8rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.06em;opacity:.6}.related-card-body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:1 1 auto;padding:12px 12px 14px}.related-card-title{font-size:.85rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.35;color:var(--heading-text);display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:4;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden;transition:color .18s ease}.related-card-date{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;margin-top:auto;padding-top:10px;font-size:.72rem;color:var(--muted-text)}.related-cal{width:13px;height:13px;fill:currentColor;flex:none}@media (hover:hover){.related-card:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);box-shadow:var(--box-shadow)}.related-card:hover .related-thumb{transform:scale(1.05)}.related-card:hover .related-card-title{color:var(--link-color)}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.related-card,.related-card-thumb .related-thumb{transition:none}}#related-posts.no-border .related-card{border-color:transparent}#related-posts.no-shadow .related-card{box-shadow:none}#related-posts.no-date .related-card-date{display:none}#related-posts.no-hover .related-card{transition:none}#related-posts.no-hover .related-card:hover{transform:none;box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-light)}#related-posts.no-hover .related-card:hover .related-thumb{transform:none}@media (max-width:1199px){.related-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--rel-cols-l,3),minmax(0,1fr))}}@media (max-width:991px){.related-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--rel-cols-t,2),minmax(0,1fr))}}@media (max-width:767px){.related-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--rel-cols-m,2),minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px}.related-card{border-radius:10px}.related-card-body{padding:10px 10px 12px}.related-card-title{font-size:.78rem;min-height:2.6em}.related-card-cat{font-size:.6rem;padding:2px 8px;margin:0 0 6px}.related-card-date{font-size:.66rem;padding-top:8px}.related-cal{width:11px;height:11px}}@media (max-width:480px){.related-badge{font-size:.72rem;padding:8px 16px}}:root{--civilengineer-sec-gap:56px}@media (max-width:1199px){:root{--civilengineer-sec-gap:40px}}@media (max-width:991px){:root{--civilengineer-sec-gap:32px}}@media (max-width:767px){:root{--civilengineer-sec-gap:28px}}@media (max-width:430px){:root{--civilengineer-sec-gap:24px}}.civilengineer-hp-section{margin-top:var(--civilengineer-sec-gap);margin-bottom:var(--civilengineer-sec-gap)}#above-post-widget .civilengineer-hp-section{margin-top:0}.civilengineer-stats-band{max-width:var(--static-max);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.civilengineer-stats-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:18px}.civilengineer-stat-item{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center;gap:6px;min-width:0;padding:22px 18px;background:var(--card-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:14px;box-shadow:none;box-sizing:border-box}.civilengineer-stat-ico{width:26px;height:26px;fill:var(--link-color);margin-bottom:4px;flex:none}.civilengineer-stat-stars{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:3px;margin-bottom:4px}.civilengineer-stat-stars svg{width:15px;height:15px;fill:var(--link-color);flex:none}.civilengineer-stat-value{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:800;color:var(--heading-text);line-height:1.25;max-width:100%;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;hyphens:auto}.civilengineer-stat-label{font-size:.78rem;color:var(--muted-text);line-height:1.35;max-width:100%;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;hyphens:auto}@media (max-width:991px){.civilengineer-stats-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:14px}}@media (max-width:767px){.civilengineer-stats-grid{gap:12px}.civilengineer-stat-item{padding:18px 12px}.civilengineer-stat-value{font-size:1.2rem}}@media (max-width:420px){.civilengineer-stats-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px}.civilengineer-stat-item{padding:16px 14px}}@media (max-width:767px){.civilengineer-stats-band{padding-left:18px;padding-right:18px;box-sizing:border-box}}.civilengineer-cat-showcase .related-head{margin-bottom:10px}.civilengineer-cat-intro{max-width:680px;margin:0 auto 26px;color:var(--muted-text);font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.65;text-align:center}.civilengineer-cat-showcase{--civilengineer-cat-min:152px;--civilengineer-cat-gap:16px;--category-icon-size:30px;--category-icon-color:var(--link-color);--category-icon-background:transparent;--category-icon-radius:0;--category-icon-shadow:none;width:100%;max-width:none;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;box-sizing:border-box}.civilengineer-cat-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(min(100%,var(--civilengineer-cat-min)),1fr));gap:var(--civilengineer-cat-gap);width:100%}.civilengineer-cat-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center;gap:6px;min-width:0;padding:20px 12px;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--tint-cat-bg);border:1px solid var(--tint-cat-border);border-radius:12px;box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-light);color:inherit;text-decoration:none;transition:transform .25s ease,box-shadow .25s ease,border-color .25s ease}.civilengineer-cat-card:hover{text-decoration:none}.civilengineer-cat-card:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:3px}.civilengineer-cat-ico{width:var(--category-icon-size);height:var(--category-icon-size);padding:var(--category-icon-padding,0);box-sizing:content-box;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--category-icon-background);border-radius:var(--category-icon-radius);box-shadow:var(--category-icon-shadow);margin-bottom:2px;flex:none}.civilengineer-cat-ico::before{content:"";display:block;width:100%;height:100%;background-color:var(--category-icon-color);-webkit-mask-image:var(--ico, url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23000%22%20d%3D%22M10%202h8a2%202%200%200%201%202%202v8a2%202%200%200%201-.6%201.4l-9%209a2%202%200%200%201-2.8%200l-6-6a2%202%200%200%201%200-2.8l9-9A2%202%200%200%201%2010%202zm5%205a2%202%200%201%200%200-4%202%202%200%200%200%200%204z%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E"));mask-image:var(--ico, url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23000%22%20d%3D%22M10%202h8a2%202%200%200%201%202%202v8a2%202%200%200%201-.6%201.4l-9%209a2%202%200%200%201-2.8%200l-6-6a2%202%200%200%201%200-2.8l9-9A2%202%200%200%201%2010%202zm5%205a2%202%200%201%200%200-4%202%202%200%200%200%200%204z%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E"));-webkit-mask-size:contain;mask-size:contain;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center}.civilengineer-cat-card[data-label="civil engineering"] .civilengineer-cat-ico{--ico:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M10%2018v-7%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M11.119%202.205a2%202%200%200%201%201.762%200l7.84%203.846A.5.5%200%200%201%2020.5%207h-17a.5.5%200%200%201-.22-.949z%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M14%2018v-7%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M18%2018v-7%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M3%2022h18%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M6%2018v-7%22%20%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.civilengineer-cat-card[data-label=architecture] .civilengineer-cat-ico{--ico:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M10%2012h4%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M10%208h4%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M14%2021v-3a2%202%200%200%200-4%200v3%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M6%2010H4a2%202%200%200%200-2%202v7a2%202%200%200%200%202%202h16a2%202%200%200%200%202-2V9a2%202%200%200%200-2-2h-2%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M6%2021V5a2%202%200%200%201%202-2h8a2%202%200%200%201%202%202v16%22%20%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.civilengineer-cat-card[data-label=dwg] .civilengineer-cat-ico{--ico:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22m12.99%206.74%201.93%203.44%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M19.136%2012a10%2010%200%200%201-14.271%200%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22m21%2021-2.16-3.84%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22m3%2021%208.02-14.26%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%2212%22%20cy%3D%225%22%20r%3D%222%22%20%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.civilengineer-cat-card[data-label=construction] .civilengineer-cat-ico{--ico:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M10%2010V5a1%201%200%200%201%201-1h2a1%201%200%200%201%201%201v5%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M14%206a6%206%200%200%201%206%206v3%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M4%2015v-3a6%206%200%200%201%206-6%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Crect%20x%3D%222%22%20y%3D%2215%22%20width%3D%2220%22%20height%3D%224%22%20rx%3D%221%22%20%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.civilengineer-cat-card[data-label="building materials"] .civilengineer-cat-ico{--ico:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M11%2021.73a2%202%200%200%200%202%200l7-4A2%202%200%200%200%2021%2016V8a2%202%200%200%200-1-1.73l-7-4a2%202%200%200%200-2%200l-7%204A2%202%200%200%200%203%208v8a2%202%200%200%200%201%201.73z%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M12%2022V12%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpolyline%20points%3D%223.29%207%2012%2012%2020.71%207%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22m7.5%204.27%209%205.15%22%20%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.civilengineer-cat-card[data-label="project management"] .civilengineer-cat-ico{--ico:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M5%203v14%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M12%203v8%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M19%203v18%22%20%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.civilengineer-cat-card[data-label=reference] .civilengineer-cat-ico{--ico:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M12%205v16%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M20.001%2019A2%202%200%200022%2017V5a2%202%200%2000-1.999-2L16%203.002A5%205%200%200012%205a5%205%200%2000-4-2H4a2%202%200%2000-2%202v12a2%202%200%20001.999%202H8a5%205%200%20014%202%205%205%200%20014-2z%22%20%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.civilengineer-cat-card[data-label=boq] .civilengineer-cat-ico{--ico:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20%3E%20%3Crect%20width%3D%228%22%20height%3D%224%22%20x%3D%228%22%20y%3D%222%22%20rx%3D%221%22%20ry%3D%221%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M16%204h2a2%202%200%200%201%202%202v14a2%202%200%200%201-2%202H6a2%202%200%200%201-2-2V6a2%202%200%200%201%202-2h2%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M12%2011h4%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M12%2016h4%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M8%2011h.01%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M8%2016h.01%22%20%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.civilengineer-cat-card[data-label="quality management"] .civilengineer-cat-ico{--ico:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M20%2013c0%205-3.5%207.5-7.66%208.95a1%201%200%200%201-.67-.01C7.5%2020.5%204%2018%204%2013V6a1%201%200%200%201%201-1c2%200%204.5-1.2%206.24-2.72a1.17%201.17%200%200%201%201.52%200C14.51%203.81%2017%205%2019%205a1%201%200%200%201%201%201z%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22m9%2012%202%202%204-4%22%20%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.civilengineer-cat-card[data-label=academics] .civilengineer-cat-ico{--ico:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M21.42%2010.922a1%201%200%200%200-.019-1.838L12.83%205.18a2%202%200%200%200-1.66%200L2.6%209.08a1%201%200%200%200%200%201.832l8.57%203.908a2%202%200%200%200%201.66%200z%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M22%2010v6%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M6%2012.5V16a6%203%200%200%200%2012%200v-3.5%22%20%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.civilengineer-cat-card[data-label="energy & utilities"] .civilengineer-cat-ico{--ico:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M15.914%204a1.5%201.5%200%2000-2.474-1.561l-9%209A1.5%201.5%200%20005.5%2014h4.002a.5.5%200%2001.471.666L8.086%2020a1.5%201.5%200%20002.475%201.56l9-9A1.5%201.5%200%200018.5%2010h-3.997a.5.5%200%2001-.472-.667z%22%20%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.civilengineer-cat-card[data-label="quality control"] .civilengineer-cat-ico{--ico:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M13%205h8%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M13%2012h8%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M13%2019h8%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22m3%2017%202%202%204-4%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22m3%207%202%202%204-4%22%20%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.civilengineer-cat-card[data-label="applied physics"] .civilengineer-cat-ico{--ico:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20%3E%20%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%2212%22%20cy%3D%2212%22%20r%3D%221%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M20.2%2020.2c2.04-2.03.02-7.36-4.5-11.9-4.54-4.52-9.87-6.54-11.9-4.5-2.04%202.03-.02%207.36%204.5%2011.9%204.54%204.52%209.87%206.54%2011.9%204.5Z%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M15.7%2015.7c4.52-4.54%206.54-9.87%204.5-11.9-2.03-2.04-7.36-.02-11.9%204.5-4.52%204.54-6.54%209.87-4.5%2011.9%202.03%202.04%207.36.02%2011.9-4.5Z%22%20%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.civilengineer-cat-card[data-label="general software"] .civilengineer-cat-ico{--ico:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M18%205a2%202%200%200%201%202%202v8.526a2%202%200%200%200%20.212.897l1.068%202.127a1%201%200%200%201-.9%201.45H3.62a1%201%200%200%201-.9-1.45l1.068-2.127A2%202%200%200%200%204%2015.526V7a2%202%200%200%201%202-2z%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M20.054%2015.987H3.946%22%20%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.civilengineer-cat-card[data-label=transportation] .civilengineer-cat-ico{--ico:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M14%2018V6a2%202%200%200%200-2-2H4a2%202%200%200%200-2%202v11a1%201%200%200%200%201%201h2%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M15%2018H9%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M19%2018h2a1%201%200%200%200%201-1v-3.65a1%201%200%200%200-.22-.624l-3.48-4.35A1%201%200%200%200%2017.52%208H14%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%2217%22%20cy%3D%2218%22%20r%3D%222%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%227%22%20cy%3D%2218%22%20r%3D%222%22%20%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.civilengineer-cat-card[data-label="heavy equipment"] .civilengineer-cat-ico{--ico:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M12%2012H5a2%202%200%200%200-2%202v5%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M15%2019h7%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M16%2019V2%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M6%2012V7a2%202%200%200%201%202-2h2.172a2%202%200%200%201%201.414.586l3.828%203.828A2%202%200%200%201%2016%2010.828%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M7%2019h4%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%2213%22%20cy%3D%2219%22%20r%3D%222%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%225%22%20cy%3D%2219%22%20r%3D%222%22%20%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.civilengineer-cat-card[data-label="interior design"] .civilengineer-cat-ico{--ico:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M20%209V6a2%202%200%200%200-2-2H6a2%202%200%200%200-2%202v3%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M2%2016a2%202%200%200%200%202%202h16a2%202%200%200%200%202-2v-5a2%202%200%200%200-4%200v1.5a.5.5%200%200%201-.5.5h-11a.5.5%200%200%201-.5-.5V11a2%202%200%200%200-4%200z%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M4%2018v2%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M20%2018v2%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M12%204v9%22%20%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.civilengineer-cat-card[data-label="engineering software"] .civilengineer-cat-ico{--ico:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M12%2017v4%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22m14.305%207.53.923-.382%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22m15.228%204.852-.923-.383%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22m16.852%203.228-.383-.924%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22m16.852%208.772-.383.923%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22m19.148%203.228.383-.924%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22m19.53%209.696-.382-.924%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22m20.772%204.852.924-.383%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22m20.772%207.148.924.383%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M22%2013v2a2%202%200%200%201-2%202H4a2%202%200%200%201-2-2V5a2%202%200%200%201%202-2h7%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M8%2021h8%22%20%2F%3E%20%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%2218%22%20cy%3D%226%22%20r%3D%223%22%20%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.civilengineer-cat-name{font-size:.88rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--heading-text);line-height:1.3}.civilengineer-cat-count{font-size:.72rem;color:var(--muted-text)}@media (hover:hover){.civilengineer-cat-card:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);box-shadow:var(--box-shadow);border-color:var(--link-color)}.civilengineer-cat-card:hover .civilengineer-cat-name{color:var(--link-color)}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.civilengineer-cat-card{transition:none}}@media (max-width:767px){.civilengineer-cat-showcase{--civilengineer-cat-min:132px;--civilengineer-cat-gap:12px;padding-left:18px;padding-right:18px;box-sizing:border-box}.civilengineer-cat-card{padding:16px 10px}.civilengineer-cat-intro{margin-bottom:22px;font-size:.88rem}}.civilengineer-trend-showcase{max-width:var(--static-max);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}#PopularPosts2 .civilengineer-trend-showcase{background:var(--tint-popular-bg);border:1px solid var(--tint-popular-border);border-radius:14px;padding:16px;box-sizing:border-box}.civilengineer-trend-snippet{font-size:.78rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted-text);margin:6px 0 0;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}.civilengineer-featured-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);column-gap:clamp(20px,2.8vw,32px);align-items:start}.civilengineer-featured-grid>#above-post-widget,.civilengineer-featured-grid>#main{display:contents}#HTML421{grid-column:1/-1}#FeaturedPost1{grid-column:1;grid-row:2;min-width:0}#PopularPosts2{grid-column:2;grid-row:2;min-width:0}#Blog1{grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:3}@media (max-width:767px){.civilengineer-featured-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#FeaturedPost1{grid-column:1;grid-row:2}#PopularPosts2{grid-column:1;grid-row:3}#Blog1{grid-row:4}}body#layout .civilengineer-featured-grid,body#layout .civilengineer-featured-grid>#above-post-widget,body#layout .civilengineer-featured-grid>#main{display:block}.civilengineer-trend-list{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.civilengineer-trend-card .grid-card-labels{margin:0 0 6px;padding-top:0}.civilengineer-trend-card .grid-card-meta{margin-top:6px}.grid-card-meta{margin:4px 0 12px;padding-top:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;font-size:.78rem;color:var(--muted-text)}.grid-card-meta .meta-line{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;min-width:0}.grid-card-meta svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:currentColor;flex:none;opacity:.85}.grid-card-meta time{color:inherit}.grid-card-labels{margin-top:auto;padding-top:12px}.grid-card-labels .label-line{margin:0}.grid-card-labels .label-line::before{display:none}.grid-card-labels .label-info-th{height:auto;padding-right:0}.grid-card-labels .label-info-th a{font-size:.72rem;padding:4px 10px;margin:0 6px 6px 0}.PopularPosts .popular-card{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px;padding:8px;margin:0 0 8px;border-radius:10px;color:inherit;text-decoration:none;transition:background .2s ease,transform .2s ease}.PopularPosts .popular-card:hover{background:var(--label-bg);text-decoration:none;transform:translateX(2px)}.PopularPosts .popular-card:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:2px}.PopularPosts .popular-card .popular-post-thumbnail{float:none;margin:0;flex:none;display:block}.PopularPosts .popular-card .popular-post-info{min-width:0;display:block}.PopularPosts .popular-card .popular-post-title{display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden;transition:color .18s ease}.PopularPosts .popular-card:hover .popular-post-title{color:var(--link-color)}.PopularPosts .popular-card .popular-post-snippet{display:block;margin-top:6px}.PopularPosts .popular-card .lazy-loading{border-radius:4px}#PopularPosts2 .civilengineer-trend-list{display:flex;flex-direction:column}#PopularPosts2 .popular-post-item{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px;width:100%;min-width:0;background:var(--card-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:12px;box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-light);padding:10px;margin:0 0 12px;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-transition:box-shadow .25s ease,border-color .25s ease,-webkit-transform .25s ease;transition:box-shadow .25s ease,border-color .25s ease,transform .25s ease}#PopularPosts2 .popular-post-item:last-child{margin-bottom:0}@media (hover:hover){#PopularPosts2 .popular-post-item:hover{-webkit-transform:translateY(-2px);transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:var(--box-shadow);background:var(--card-bg)}}#PopularPosts2 .popular-post-thumb{position:relative;display:block;flex:0 0 80px;width:80px;height:80px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:4px}#PopularPosts2 .popular-post-thumb img{display:block;width:100%;height:100%}#PopularPosts2 .popular-post-thumb .civilengineer-noimg{width:100%;height:100%}#PopularPosts2 .popular-post-thumb img{object-fit:cover}#PopularPosts2 .popular-post-content{display:flex;flex:1 1 0;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;min-width:0}#PopularPosts2 .popular-post-content .civilengineer-trend-labels{flex:none;margin:0 0 6px;padding:0}#PopularPosts2 .popular-post-heading{margin:0;font:inherit}#PopularPosts2 .popular-post-content .popular-post-title{display:-webkit-box;width:100%;margin:0;overflow:hidden;color:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;text-decoration:none;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2}#PopularPosts2 .popular-post-content .popular-post-title:hover{color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none}#PopularPosts2 .civilengineer-trend-meta{display:block;width:100%;margin:6px 0 0;padding:0}#PopularPosts2 .civilengineer-trend-meta .meta-primary{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px 8px;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap}#PopularPosts2 .civilengineer-trend-meta .meta-item{min-width:0}#PopularPosts2 .civilengineer-trend-meta .meta-author{flex:0 1 auto}#PopularPosts2 .civilengineer-trend-meta .meta-cmt,#PopularPosts2 .civilengineer-trend-meta .meta-date,#PopularPosts2 .civilengineer-trend-meta .meta-rt{flex:none}#PopularPosts2 .civilengineer-trend-meta .meta-author-name{max-width:92px}#PopularPosts2 .civilengineer-trend-meta .meta-date time{white-space:nowrap}@media (max-width:480px){#PopularPosts2 .popular-post-item{gap:10px}#PopularPosts2 .civilengineer-trend-meta .meta-primary{gap:4px;font-size:.68rem}#PopularPosts2 .civilengineer-trend-meta .meta-primary svg{width:12px;height:12px}#PopularPosts2 .civilengineer-trend-meta .meta-author-name{max-width:92px}}.related-card-cat{align-self:flex-start;font-size:.68rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link-color);background:var(--label-bg);border-radius:999px;padding:3px 10px;margin:0 0 8px}.footer-social a.fs-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.footer-social .fs-ic{width:22px;height:22px;display:block;background-color:#8a8f98;-webkit-mask:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202a10%2010%200%201%200%2010%2010A10%2010%200%200%200%2012%202zm7.9%209h-3a15.6%2015.6%200%200%200-1.2-5.2A8%208%200%200%201%2019.9%2011zM12%204a13.9%2013.9%200%200%201%201.9%207h-3.8A13.9%2013.9%200%200%201%2012%204zM4.1%2013h3a15.6%2015.6%200%200%200%201.2%205.2A8%208%200%200%201%204.1%2013zm3-2h-3a8%208%200%200%201%204.2-5.2A15.6%2015.6%200%200%200%207.1%2011zm4.9%209a13.9%2013.9%200%200%201-1.9-7h3.8a13.9%2013.9%200%200%201-1.9%207zm3.7-1.8a15.6%2015.6%200%200%200%201.2-5.2h3a8%208%200%200%201-4.2%205.2z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center/contain no-repeat;mask:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202a10%2010%200%201%200%2010%2010A10%2010%200%200%200%2012%202zm7.9%209h-3a15.6%2015.6%200%200%200-1.2-5.2A8%208%200%200%201%2019.9%2011zM12%204a13.9%2013.9%200%200%201%201.9%207h-3.8A13.9%2013.9%200%200%201%2012%204zM4.1%2013h3a15.6%2015.6%200%200%200%201.2%205.2A8%208%200%200%201%204.1%2013zm3-2h-3a8%208%200%200%201%204.2-5.2A15.6%2015.6%200%200%200%207.1%2011zm4.9%209a13.9%2013.9%200%200%201-1.9-7h3.8a13.9%2013.9%200%200%201-1.9%207zm3.7-1.8a15.6%2015.6%200%200%200%201.2-5.2h3a8%208%200%200%201-4.2%205.2z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center/contain no-repeat}.footer-social a[data-p=facebook i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M22%2012a10%2010%200%201%200-11.6%209.9v-7H7.9V12h2.5V9.8c0-2.5%201.5-3.9%203.8-3.9%201.1%200%202.2.2%202.2.2v2.4h-1.2c-1.2%200-1.6.8-1.6%201.6V12h2.7l-.4%202.9h-2.3v7A10%2010%200%200%200%2022%2012z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M22%2012a10%2010%200%201%200-11.6%209.9v-7H7.9V12h2.5V9.8c0-2.5%201.5-3.9%203.8-3.9%201.1%200%202.2.2%202.2.2v2.4h-1.2c-1.2%200-1.6.8-1.6%201.6V12h2.7l-.4%202.9h-2.3v7A10%2010%200%200%200%2022%2012z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-color:#1877f2}.footer-social a[data-p=youtube i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M23.5%206.2a3%203%200%200%200-2.1-2.1C19.5%203.5%2012%203.5%2012%203.5s-7.5%200-9.4.6A3%203%200%200%200%20.5%206.2%2031%2031%200%200%200%200%2012a31%2031%200%200%200%20.5%205.8%203%203%200%200%200%202.1%202.1c1.9.6%209.4.6%209.4.6s7.5%200%209.4-.6a3%203%200%200%200%202.1-2.1A31%2031%200%200%200%2024%2012a31%2031%200%200%200-.5-5.8zM9.5%2015.6V8.4L15.8%2012z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M23.5%206.2a3%203%200%200%200-2.1-2.1C19.5%203.5%2012%203.5%2012%203.5s-7.5%200-9.4.6A3%203%200%200%200%20.5%206.2%2031%2031%200%200%200%200%2012a31%2031%200%200%200%20.5%205.8%203%203%200%200%200%202.1%202.1c1.9.6%209.4.6%209.4.6s7.5%200%209.4-.6a3%203%200%200%200%202.1-2.1A31%2031%200%200%200%2024%2012a31%2031%200%200%200-.5-5.8zM9.5%2015.6V8.4L15.8%2012z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-color:red}.footer-social a[data-p=instagram i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M7%202h10a5%205%200%200%201%205%205v10a5%205%200%200%201-5%205H7a5%205%200%200%201-5-5V7a5%205%200%200%201%205-5zm0%202a3%203%200%200%200-3%203v10a3%203%200%200%200%203%203h10a3%203%200%200%200%203-3V7a3%203%200%200%200-3-3H7zm5%203.5A4.5%204.5%200%201%201%207.5%2012%204.5%204.5%200%200%201%2012%207.5zm0%202A2.5%202.5%200%201%200%2014.5%2012%202.5%202.5%200%200%200%2012%209.5zM17.8%205.2a1%201%200%201%201-1%201%201%201%200%200%201%201-1z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M7%202h10a5%205%200%200%201%205%205v10a5%205%200%200%201-5%205H7a5%205%200%200%201-5-5V7a5%205%200%200%201%205-5zm0%202a3%203%200%200%200-3%203v10a3%203%200%200%200%203%203h10a3%203%200%200%200%203-3V7a3%203%200%200%200-3-3H7zm5%203.5A4.5%204.5%200%201%201%207.5%2012%204.5%204.5%200%200%201%2012%207.5zm0%202A2.5%202.5%200%201%200%2014.5%2012%202.5%202.5%200%200%200%2012%209.5zM17.8%205.2a1%201%200%201%201-1%201%201%201%200%200%201%201-1z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-color:#e4405f}.footer-social a[data-p=tiktok i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M19.3%207.3a5.1%205.1%200%200%201-3.1-1V15a6.2%206.2%200%201%201-6.2-6.2%206%206%200%200%201%20.9.1v3.2a3%203%200%201%200%202.1%202.9V1h3.2a5.1%205.1%200%200%200%203.1%204.2z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M19.3%207.3a5.1%205.1%200%200%201-3.1-1V15a6.2%206.2%200%201%201-6.2-6.2%206%206%200%200%201%20.9.1v3.2a3%203%200%201%200%202.1%202.9V1h3.2a5.1%205.1%200%200%200%203.1%204.2z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-color:#111}.footer-social a[data-p='x'i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M18.9%202H22l-6.8%207.8L23.2%2022h-6.3l-4.9-6.4L6.4%2022H3.3l7.3-8.3L1.2%202h6.4l4.4%205.9L18.9%202zm-1.1%2018h1.7L7.1%203.8H5.3L17.8%2020z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M18.9%202H22l-6.8%207.8L23.2%2022h-6.3l-4.9-6.4L6.4%2022H3.3l7.3-8.3L1.2%202h6.4l4.4%205.9L18.9%202zm-1.1%2018h1.7L7.1%203.8H5.3L17.8%2020z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-color:#111}.footer-social a[data-p=twitter i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M18.9%202H22l-6.8%207.8L23.2%2022h-6.3l-4.9-6.4L6.4%2022H3.3l7.3-8.3L1.2%202h6.4l4.4%205.9L18.9%202zm-1.1%2018h1.7L7.1%203.8H5.3L17.8%2020z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M18.9%202H22l-6.8%207.8L23.2%2022h-6.3l-4.9-6.4L6.4%2022H3.3l7.3-8.3L1.2%202h6.4l4.4%205.9L18.9%202zm-1.1%2018h1.7L7.1%203.8H5.3L17.8%2020z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-color:#111}.footer-social a[data-p=whatsapp i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202a10%2010%200%200%200-8.6%2015L2%2022l5.2-1.4A10%2010%200%201%200%2012%202zm5.5%2014.2c-.2.6-1.3%201.2-1.8%201.2s-1%20.3-3.4-.7a11.6%2011.6%200%200%201-4.8-4.3A5.6%205.6%200%200%201%206.3%209.6a3.2%203.2%200%200%201%201-2.4%201%201%200%200%201%20.8-.3h.6c.2%200%20.4%200%20.6.5s.8%201.9.8%202-.1.5-.2.6l-.4.6c-.2.2-.4.4-.2.8a8.4%208.4%200%200%200%201.6%202%207.6%207.6%200%200%200%202.2%201.4c.3.1.5.1.7-.1l.9-1.1c.2-.3.4-.2.7-.1l2%20.9c.3.2.5.2.6.4a2.5%202.5%200%200%201-.5%201.4z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202a10%2010%200%200%200-8.6%2015L2%2022l5.2-1.4A10%2010%200%201%200%2012%202zm5.5%2014.2c-.2.6-1.3%201.2-1.8%201.2s-1%20.3-3.4-.7a11.6%2011.6%200%200%201-4.8-4.3A5.6%205.6%200%200%201%206.3%209.6a3.2%203.2%200%200%201%201-2.4%201%201%200%200%201%20.8-.3h.6c.2%200%20.4%200%20.6.5s.8%201.9.8%202-.1.5-.2.6l-.4.6c-.2.2-.4.4-.2.8a8.4%208.4%200%200%200%201.6%202%207.6%207.6%200%200%200%202.2%201.4c.3.1.5.1.7-.1l.9-1.1c.2-.3.4-.2.7-.1l2%20.9c.3.2.5.2.6.4a2.5%202.5%200%200%201-.5%201.4z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-color:#25d366}.footer-social a[data-p=telegram i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M21.9%204.3%2018.6%2019.8c-.2%201.1-.9%201.3-1.8.8l-5-3.7-2.4%202.3a1.3%201.3%200%200%201-1%20.5l.4-5.1L18%206.2c.4-.4-.1-.6-.6-.2L5.9%2013.2%201%2011.7c-1.1-.3-1.1-1.1.2-1.6L20.4%202.7c.9-.3%201.7.2%201.5%201.6z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M21.9%204.3%2018.6%2019.8c-.2%201.1-.9%201.3-1.8.8l-5-3.7-2.4%202.3a1.3%201.3%200%200%201-1%20.5l.4-5.1L18%206.2c.4-.4-.1-.6-.6-.2L5.9%2013.2%201%2011.7c-1.1-.3-1.1-1.1.2-1.6L20.4%202.7c.9-.3%201.7.2%201.5%201.6z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-color:#26a5e4}.footer-social a[data-p=linkedin i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M20.4%2020.5h-3.5V15c0-1.3%200-3-1.9-3s-2.1%201.4-2.1%202.9v5.6H9.4V9h3.4v1.6a3.7%203.7%200%200%201%203.4-1.9c3.6%200%204.3%202.4%204.3%205.5v6.3zM5.3%207.4a2.1%202.1%200%201%201%202.1-2.1%202.1%202.1%200%200%201-2.1%202.1zm1.8%2013.1H3.6V9h3.5v11.5zM22.2%200H1.8A1.8%201.8%200%200%200%200%201.7v20.5A1.8%201.8%200%200%200%201.8%2024h20.4a1.8%201.8%200%200%200%201.8-1.7V1.7A1.8%201.8%200%200%200%2022.2%200z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M20.4%2020.5h-3.5V15c0-1.3%200-3-1.9-3s-2.1%201.4-2.1%202.9v5.6H9.4V9h3.4v1.6a3.7%203.7%200%200%201%203.4-1.9c3.6%200%204.3%202.4%204.3%205.5v6.3zM5.3%207.4a2.1%202.1%200%201%201%202.1-2.1%202.1%202.1%200%200%201-2.1%202.1zm1.8%2013.1H3.6V9h3.5v11.5zM22.2%200H1.8A1.8%201.8%200%200%200%200%201.7v20.5A1.8%201.8%200%200%200%201.8%2024h20.4a1.8%201.8%200%200%200%201.8-1.7V1.7A1.8%201.8%200%200%200%2022.2%200z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-color:#0a66c2}.footer-social a[data-p=pinterest i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202a10%2010%200%200%200-3.6%2019.3%209.6%209.6%200%200%201%200-2.9l1.2-5a3.7%203.7%200%200%201-.3-1.5c0-1.4.8-2.5%201.9-2.5a1.3%201.3%200%200%201%201.3%201.5c0%20.9-.6%202.2-.9%203.4a1.5%201.5%200%200%200%201.6%201.9c1.9%200%203.3-2%203.3-4.8a4.1%204.1%200%200%200-4.4-4.2%204.6%204.6%200%200%200-4.8%204.6%204.1%204.1%200%200%200%20.8%202.4.3.3%200%200%201%20.1.3l-.3%201.1c0%20.2-.2.2-.4.1a4.9%204.9%200%200%201-2.2-4.2c0-3.4%202.5-6.5%207.1-6.5a6.3%206.3%200%200%201%206.6%206.2c0%203.7-2.3%206.6-5.5%206.6a2.9%202.9%200%200%201-2.5-1.2l-.7%202.6a12.3%2012.3%200%200%201-1.4%202.9A10%2010%200%201%200%2012%202z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202a10%2010%200%200%200-3.6%2019.3%209.6%209.6%200%200%201%200-2.9l1.2-5a3.7%203.7%200%200%201-.3-1.5c0-1.4.8-2.5%201.9-2.5a1.3%201.3%200%200%201%201.3%201.5c0%20.9-.6%202.2-.9%203.4a1.5%201.5%200%200%200%201.6%201.9c1.9%200%203.3-2%203.3-4.8a4.1%204.1%200%200%200-4.4-4.2%204.6%204.6%200%200%200-4.8%204.6%204.1%204.1%200%200%200%20.8%202.4.3.3%200%200%201%20.1.3l-.3%201.1c0%20.2-.2.2-.4.1a4.9%204.9%200%200%201-2.2-4.2c0-3.4%202.5-6.5%207.1-6.5a6.3%206.3%200%200%201%206.6%206.2c0%203.7-2.3%206.6-5.5%206.6a2.9%202.9%200%200%201-2.5-1.2l-.7%202.6a12.3%2012.3%200%200%201-1.4%202.9A10%2010%200%201%200%2012%202z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-color:#e60023}.footer-social a[data-p=github i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202a10%2010%200%200%200-3.2%2019.5c.5.1.7-.2.7-.5v-1.7c-2.8.6-3.4-1.3-3.4-1.3a2.7%202.7%200%200%200-1.1-1.5c-.9-.6.1-.6.1-.6a2.1%202.1%200%200%201%201.5%201%202.1%202.1%200%200%200%202.9.8%202.1%202.1%200%200%201%20.6-1.3c-2.2-.3-4.6-1.1-4.6-5a3.9%203.9%200%200%201%201-2.7%203.6%203.6%200%200%201%20.1-2.6s.9-.3%202.8%201a9.5%209.5%200%200%201%205%200c1.9-1.3%202.8-1%202.8-1a3.6%203.6%200%200%201%20.1%202.6%203.9%203.9%200%200%201%201%202.7c0%203.9-2.4%204.7-4.6%205a2.4%202.4%200%200%201%20.7%201.8V21c0%20.3.2.6.7.5A10%2010%200%200%200%2012%202z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202a10%2010%200%200%200-3.2%2019.5c.5.1.7-.2.7-.5v-1.7c-2.8.6-3.4-1.3-3.4-1.3a2.7%202.7%200%200%200-1.1-1.5c-.9-.6.1-.6.1-.6a2.1%202.1%200%200%201%201.5%201%202.1%202.1%200%200%200%202.9.8%202.1%202.1%200%200%201%20.6-1.3c-2.2-.3-4.6-1.1-4.6-5a3.9%203.9%200%200%201%201-2.7%203.6%203.6%200%200%201%20.1-2.6s.9-.3%202.8%201a9.5%209.5%200%200%201%205%200c1.9-1.3%202.8-1%202.8-1a3.6%203.6%200%200%201%20.1%202.6%203.9%203.9%200%200%201%201%202.7c0%203.9-2.4%204.7-4.6%205a2.4%202.4%200%200%201%20.7%201.8V21c0%20.3.2.6.7.5A10%2010%200%200%200%2012%202z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-color:#181717}.footer-social a[data-p=email i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M2%205h20a1%201%200%200%201%201%201v12a1%201%200%200%201-1%201H2a1%201%200%200%201-1-1V6a1%201%200%200%201%201-1zm10%207%208.5-5.4H3.5L12%2012zM3%2017.4h18V8.2l-9%205.6-9-5.6v9.2z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M2%205h20a1%201%200%200%201%201%201v12a1%201%200%200%201-1%201H2a1%201%200%200%201-1-1V6a1%201%200%200%201%201-1zm10%207%208.5-5.4H3.5L12%2012zM3%2017.4h18V8.2l-9%205.6-9-5.6v9.2z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-color:#8a8f98}[data-theme=dark] .footer-social a[data-p='x'i] .fs-ic,[data-theme=dark] .footer-social a[data-p=github i] .fs-ic,[data-theme=dark] .footer-social a[data-p=tiktok i] .fs-ic,[data-theme=dark] .footer-social a[data-p=twitter i] .fs-ic{background-color:#e8e8e8}@media screen and (min-width:801px){#cssmenu>ul{display:-webkit-box!important;display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}#cssmenu>ul>li{float:none;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;min-width:0}#cssmenu>ul>li>a{padding:0 13px;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;max-width:100%}#cssmenu ul ul{position:absolute;top:100%;left:0;margin:0;min-width:210px;background:var(--header-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-top:none;border-radius:0 0 10px 10px;box-shadow:0 10px 24px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.18);padding:6px 0;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none;-webkit-transform:translateY(6px);transform:translateY(6px);-webkit-transition:opacity .2s ease,-webkit-transform .2s ease;transition:opacity .2s ease,transform .2s ease,visibility .2s ease;left:auto}#cssmenu>ul>li.has-sub::after{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:100%;height:10px;display:none}#cssmenu>ul>li.has-sub:hover::after{display:block}#cssmenu li:focus-within>ul,#cssmenu li:hover>ul{opacity:1;visibility:visible;pointer-events:auto;-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}#cssmenu ul ul li{border:none;background:0 0}#cssmenu ul ul li a{border-bottom:none;padding:9px 18px;line-height:1.3;font-size:.8125rem;color:var(--submenu-text);border-radius:0;-webkit-transition:background .15s ease,color .15s ease;transition:background .15s ease,color .15s ease}#cssmenu ul ul li a:hover{background:var(--menu-hover-bg);color:var(--link-color)}#cssmenu ul ul ul{top:-7px;margin-left:100%;border-radius:10px;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color)}#cssmenu>ul>li.has-sub:hover>a{background:var(--menu-hover-bg)}#cssmenu>ul>li.has-sub:hover>a:hover{text-decoration:none}}:root{--header-glass:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);--header-glass-solid:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);--header-hairline:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);--submenu-glass:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);--header-shadow-idle:0 1px 2px 0 rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3),0 2px 6px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);--header-shadow-scroll:0 2px 3px 0 rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3),0 6px 10px 4px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);--footer-divider:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14)}[data-theme=dark]{--header-glass:rgba(16, 20, 24, 0.72);--header-glass-solid:rgba(16, 20, 24, 0.92);--header-hairline:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);--submenu-glass:rgba(22, 27, 32, 0.88);--header-shadow-idle:0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4),0 2px 6px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.32);--header-shadow-scroll:0 2px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5),0 6px 10px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.42);--footer-divider:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14)}#header-container{border-bottom:0;-webkit-box-shadow:var(--header-shadow-down,var(--box-shadow-light)),0 1px 0 0 var(--border-color);box-shadow:var(--header-shadow-down,var(--box-shadow-light)),0 1px 0 0 var(--border-color);-webkit-transition:background .3s ease,box-shadow .3s ease,border-color .3s ease,-webkit-transform .35s ease;transition:background .3s ease,box-shadow .3s ease,border-color .3s ease,transform .35s ease;will-change:transform}@media screen and (min-width:801px){#cssmenu ul ul{background:var(--submenu-glass);-webkit-backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px)}@supports not ((-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(1px)) or (backdrop-filter:blur(1px))){#cssmenu ul ul{background:var(--submenu-bg)}}}@media only screen and (max-width:800px){.search-bar-wrap.open{left:58px;right:20px}.search-bar-wrap.open .search-bar-inner{width:100%}.search-bar-wrap.open .search-bar-form{width:auto;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0}#header-wrapper:has(.search-bar-wrap.open) .darkmode-toggle{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px){.search-bar-wrap.open{left:52px;right:15px}.search-bar-wrap.open .search-bar-form{width:auto}}.lang-switch{position:absolute;top:calc(50% - 12px);right:76px;z-index:101}.lang-btn{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:3px;background:0 0;border:none;cursor:pointer;padding:0;height:24px;color:var(--header-text);outline:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .2s;transition:opacity .2s}.lang-btn:hover{opacity:.7}.lang-btn svg{width:22px;height:22px;fill:currentColor;display:block}.lang-btn-code{font-size:.625rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;line-height:1}@media (max-width:400px){.lang-btn-code{display:none}}.lang-menu{position:absolute;top:calc(100% + 12px);right:0;min-width:190px;background:var(--submenu-glass,var(--submenu-bg));-webkit-backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);border:1px solid var(--header-hairline,var(--border-color));border-radius:12px;box-shadow:var(--header-shadow-scroll,var(--box-shadow));padding:6px;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none;-webkit-transform:translateY(6px) scale(.98);transform:translateY(6px) scale(.98);-webkit-transform-origin:top right;transform-origin:top right;-webkit-transition:opacity .2s ease,-webkit-transform .2s ease;transition:opacity .2s ease,transform .2s ease,visibility .2s ease;overflow:visible}.lang-menu-scroll{max-height:70vh;overflow-y:auto;border-radius:8px}@supports not ((-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(1px)) or (backdrop-filter:blur(1px))){.lang-menu{background:var(--submenu-bg)}}.lang-switch.open .lang-menu{opacity:1;visibility:visible;pointer-events:auto;-webkit-transform:translateY(0) scale(1);transform:translateY(0) scale(1)}.lang-switch.open .lang-btn{opacity:1}.lang-opt{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:10px;width:100%;text-align:left;background:0 0;border:none;cursor:pointer;padding:9px 12px;border-radius:8px;color:var(--submenu-text);font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1.25;font-family:inherit;-webkit-transition:background .15s ease,color .15s ease;transition:background .15s ease,color .15s ease}.lang-opt:hover{background:var(--menu-hover-bg);color:var(--link-color)}.lang-opt[dir=rtl]{text-align:right}.lang-opt-name{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;font-weight:600}.lang-opt-sub{font-size:.6875rem;color:var(--muted-text);margin:0;font-weight:400}.lang-opt-dot{flex-shrink:0;width:16px;height:16px;border-radius:50%;border:2px solid var(--border-color);position:relative;transition:border-color .15s ease}.lang-opt[aria-checked=true] .lang-opt-dot{border-color:var(--link-color)}.lang-opt[aria-checked=true] .lang-opt-dot::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;width:8px;height:8px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--link-color);transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}.lang-opt[aria-checked=true]{color:var(--link-color)}.lang-opt[aria-checked=true] .lang-opt-name{font-weight:700}#google_translate_element{position:absolute;width:0;height:0;overflow:hidden;opacity:0;pointer-events:none}#goog-gt-tt,.goog-te-balloon-frame,.goog-te-banner-frame.skiptranslate,.goog-te-gadget-icon,.goog-tooltip,.goog-tooltip:hover{display:none!important}.goog-text-highlight{background:0 0!important;box-shadow:none!important}body{top:0!important}.skiptranslate iframe{visibility:hidden!important;height:0!important}@media only screen and (max-width:1280px){.lang-switch{right:106px}}@media only screen and (max-width:800px){.lang-switch{right:96px}#header-wrapper:has(.search-bar-wrap.open) .lang-switch{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px){.lang-switch{right:91px}}.darkmode-toggle,.lang-switch{-webkit-transition:opacity .25s ease,visibility .25s ease;transition:opacity .25s ease,visibility .25s ease}#header-wrapper:has(.search-bar-wrap.open) .darkmode-toggle,#header-wrapper:has(.search-bar-wrap.open) .lang-switch{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none}#header-wrapper:has(.search-bar-wrap.open) .lang-menu{opacity:0!important;visibility:hidden!important;pointer-events:none!important}#header-wrapper.search-open .darkmode-toggle,#header-wrapper.search-open .lang-switch{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none}#header-wrapper.search-open .lang-menu{opacity:0!important;visibility:hidden!important;pointer-events:none!important}.footer-col .widget-content>h2.title::after,.footer-col .widget>h2.title::after,.footer-col-title::after{content:"";display:block;width:34px;height:3px;border-radius:3px;margin:8px 0 0;background:var(--link-color);opacity:.85}@media only screen and (min-width:801px){.search-bar-inner{overflow:visible}.search-bar-btn{height:48px;min-width:48px}#darkmode-btn{width:48px;height:48px}#darkmode-btn svg{top:calc(50% - 12px);left:calc(50% - 12px)}.darkmode-toggle{top:calc(50% - 24px);right:56px}.lang-btn{min-width:48px;min-height:48px;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center}.lang-switch{top:calc(50% - 24px);right:112px}.lang-menu{top:calc(100% + 2px)}#cssmenu{margin-right:176px}}@media only screen and (min-width:801px) and (max-width:1280px){.darkmode-toggle{right:86px}.lang-switch{right:142px}}#body-post-it img,.post-body-artikel img{cursor:zoom-in}#body-post-it .no-lightbox img,#body-post-it img.no-lightbox,.post-body-artikel .no-lightbox img,.post-body-artikel img.no-lightbox{cursor:auto}.civilengineer-lb{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:100000;display:none;background:rgba(15,17,20,.92);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(6px);backdrop-filter:blur(6px);opacity:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .25s ease;transition:opacity .25s ease;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none}.civilengineer-lb.open{display:block;opacity:1}.civilengineer-lb-stage{position:absolute;inset:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;padding:56px 64px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden}.civilengineer-lb-img{max-width:100%;max-height:100%;-o-object-fit:contain;object-fit:contain;border-radius:6px;box-shadow:0 12px 40px rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-transform:scale(.96);transform:scale(.96);opacity:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .25s ease,-webkit-transform .25s ease;transition:opacity .25s ease,transform .25s ease;cursor:zoom-in;will-change:transform}.civilengineer-lb.shown .civilengineer-lb-img{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:scale(1);transform:scale(1)}.civilengineer-lb.zoomed .civilengineer-lb-img{cursor:zoom-out;max-width:none;max-height:none}.civilengineer-lb-bottom{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background:rgba(10,12,14,.78);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(2px);backdrop-filter:blur(2px)}.civilengineer-lb-cap{padding:12px 20px 4px;text-align:center;color:#f2f2f2;font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1.5;pointer-events:none}.civilengineer-lb-cap:empty{display:none}.civilengineer-lb-cap .civilengineer-cap-label{font-weight:700;color:#fff}.civilengineer-lb-cap .civilengineer-cap-credit{display:block;margin-top:2px;color:#b9bdc4;font-size:.75rem;font-style:italic}.civilengineer-lb-thumbs{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;gap:8px;padding:10px 20px 14px;overflow-x:auto}.civilengineer-lb-thumbs:empty{display:none}.civilengineer-lb-thumb{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;width:54px;height:54px;padding:0;border:2px solid transparent;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;background:rgba(255,255,255,.08);cursor:pointer;opacity:.55;-webkit-transition:opacity .2s ease,border-color .2s ease;transition:opacity .2s ease,border-color .2s ease}.civilengineer-lb-thumb img{width:100%;height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;display:block}.civilengineer-lb-thumb.active,.civilengineer-lb-thumb:hover{opacity:1;border-color:#fff}.civilengineer-lb.single .civilengineer-lb-thumbs{display:none}.civilengineer-lb-actions{position:absolute;top:14px;right:14px;z-index:2;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:8px}.civilengineer-lb-actions .civilengineer-lb-btn{position:static;-webkit-transform:none;transform:none}.civilengineer-lb-btn[disabled]{opacity:.35;cursor:default;pointer-events:none}.civilengineer-lb-btn{position:absolute;top:50%;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);width:46px;height:46px;border:none;border-radius:50%;background:rgba(255,255,255,.12);color:#fff;cursor:pointer;z-index:2;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-transition:background .2s ease;transition:background .2s ease;outline:0}.civilengineer-lb-btn:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,.25)}.civilengineer-lb-btn svg{width:22px;height:22px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:2;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}.civilengineer-lb-prev{left:14px}.civilengineer-lb-next{right:14px}.civilengineer-lb-close{-webkit-transform:none;transform:none}.civilengineer-lb-count{position:absolute;top:18px;left:20px;color:#cfcfcf;font-size:.8125rem;z-index:2}.civilengineer-lb.single .civilengineer-lb-count,.civilengineer-lb.single .civilengineer-lb-next,.civilengineer-lb.single .civilengineer-lb-prev{display:none}body.civilengineer-lb-lock{overflow:hidden}#body-post-it .civilengineer-img-caption,.post-body-artikel .civilengineer-img-caption{display:block;margin:6px auto 18px;padding:0 4px;max-width:100%;font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted-text);text-align:center}#body-post-it .civilengineer-img-caption .civilengineer-cap-label,.post-body-artikel .civilengineer-img-caption .civilengineer-cap-label{font-weight:700;color:var(--heading-text)}#body-post-it .civilengineer-img-caption .civilengineer-cap-credit,.post-body-artikel .civilengineer-img-caption .civilengineer-cap-credit{color:var(--muted-text);font-style:italic}.civilengineer-zoom-anchor{position:relative}.civilengineer-zoom-badge{position:absolute;right:12px;bottom:12px;z-index:1;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:6px 14px 6px 10px;border-radius:6px;background:rgba(20,20,20,.8);color:#fff;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1;letter-spacing:.01em;-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(2px);backdrop-filter:blur(2px);pointer-events:none}.civilengineer-zoom-badge svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:2.2;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}@media (max-width:560px){.civilengineer-lb-stage{padding:52px 12px}.civilengineer-lb-btn{width:40px;height:40px}.civilengineer-lb-prev{left:6px}.civilengineer-lb-next{right:6px}.civilengineer-lb-actions{top:8px;right:8px;gap:6px}.civilengineer-lb-thumb{width:42px;height:42px}.civilengineer-zoom-badge{right:8px;bottom:8px;font-size:.6875rem;padding:5px 11px 5px 8px}.civilengineer-zoom-badge svg{width:12px;height:12px}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.civilengineer-lb,.civilengineer-lb-img{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none}}.civilengineer-cc{position:fixed!important;left:16px!important;right:auto!important;bottom:16px!important;z-index:99998;box-sizing:border-box;width:calc(100% - 32px);max-width:380px;margin:0;background:var(--header-glass-solid,var(--header-bg));-webkit-backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);color:var(--body-text);border:1px solid var(--header-hairline,var(--border-color));border-radius:14px;box-shadow:var(--header-shadow-scroll,var(--box-shadow));padding:15px 15px 14px;font-size:.82rem;line-height:1.55;-webkit-transform:translateY(24px);transform:translateY(24px);opacity:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .3s ease,-webkit-transform .3s ease;transition:opacity .3s ease,transform .3s ease}.civilengineer-cc.show{-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0);opacity:1}.civilengineer-cc-title{font-weight:700;font-size:.95rem;margin:0 0 6px;color:var(--heading-text,var(--body-text));display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}.civilengineer-cc-title svg{width:20px;height:20px;fill:var(--link-color)}.civilengineer-cc p{margin:0 0 12px}.civilengineer-cc a{color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:underline}.civilengineer-cc-actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}.civilengineer-cc-btn{-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;border:1px solid var(--border-color);background:0 0;color:var(--body-text);font:inherit;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:600;padding:9px 10px;border-radius:9px;cursor:pointer;-ms-flex:1 1 0;flex:1 1 0;min-width:0;text-align:center;-webkit-transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease;transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease}.civilengineer-cc-btn:hover{background:var(--menu-hover-bg)}.civilengineer-cc-btn.primary{background:var(--link-color);border-color:var(--link-color);color:#fff}.civilengineer-cc-btn.primary:hover{opacity:.9;background:var(--link-color)}.civilengineer-cc-modal{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:99999;display:none}.civilengineer-cc-modal.open{display:block}.civilengineer-cc-back{position:absolute;inset:0;background:rgba(15,17,20,.6);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(4px);backdrop-filter:blur(4px);opacity:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .25s;transition:opacity .25s}.civilengineer-cc-modal.open .civilengineer-cc-back{opacity:1}.civilengineer-cc-panel{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-46%);transform:translate(-50%,-46%);box-sizing:border-box;width:calc(100% - 32px);max-width:480px;max-height:84vh;overflow-y:auto;background:var(--header-bg);color:var(--body-text);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:16px;box-shadow:0 20px 60px rgba(0,0,0,.4);padding:22px;opacity:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .25s,-webkit-transform .25s;transition:opacity .25s,transform .25s}.civilengineer-cc-modal.open .civilengineer-cc-panel{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}.civilengineer-cc-panel h3{margin:0 0 4px;font-size:1.1rem;color:var(--heading-text,var(--body-text))}.civilengineer-cc-panel>p{margin:0 0 16px;font-size:.82rem;line-height:1.55}.civilengineer-cc-cat{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px;padding:14px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color)}.civilengineer-cc-cat-info{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1}.civilengineer-cc-cat-info strong{display:block;font-size:.88rem;margin-bottom:2px;color:var(--heading-text,var(--body-text))}.civilengineer-cc-cat-info span{font-size:.76rem;line-height:1.45;opacity:.85}.civilengineer-cc-sw{position:relative;width:42px;height:24px;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;margin-top:2px}.civilengineer-cc-sw input{position:absolute;opacity:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;cursor:pointer}.civilengineer-cc-sw i{position:absolute;inset:0;background:var(--border-color);border-radius:999px;-webkit-transition:background .2s;transition:background .2s}.civilengineer-cc-sw i::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:3px;left:3px;width:18px;height:18px;background:#fff;border-radius:50%;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .2s;transition:transform .2s}.civilengineer-cc-sw input:checked+i{background:var(--link-color)}.civilengineer-cc-sw input:checked+i::after{-webkit-transform:translateX(18px);transform:translateX(18px)}.civilengineer-cc-sw input:disabled{cursor:not-allowed}.civilengineer-cc-sw input:disabled+i{opacity:.6}.civilengineer-cc-modal-actions{display:flex;gap:8px;margin-top:20px}.civilengineer-cc-fab{position:fixed!important;left:16px!important;right:auto!important;bottom:16px!important;z-index:99990;width:42px;height:42px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--fab-glass-bg,var(--header-glass-solid,var(--header-bg)));border:1px solid var(--fab-glass-border,var(--header-hairline,var(--border-color)));box-shadow:var(--header-shadow-idle,var(--box-shadow));cursor:pointer;display:none;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(12px);backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(12px)}.civilengineer-cc-fab.show{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.civilengineer-cc-fab svg{width:22px;height:22px;fill:var(--body-text);opacity:.7}.civilengineer-cc-fab:hover svg{opacity:1}@media (max-width:520px){.civilengineer-cc{left:10px!important;right:auto!important;bottom:10px!important;width:calc(100% - 20px);max-width:none}.civilengineer-cc-fab{left:10px!important;right:auto!important;bottom:10px!important}#back-to-top{bottom:10px}.civilengineer-cc-btn{font-size:.78rem}}#blog-pager.civilengineer-lm-hide{display:none}.civilengineer-lm-wrap{text-align:center;margin:26px 0 8px}.civilengineer-lm-btn{-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;font:inherit;font-weight:700;font-size:.82rem;color:var(--link-color);background:0 0;border:1.5px solid var(--border-color);padding:11px 26px;border-radius:999px;cursor:pointer;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:9px;-webkit-transition:background .18s ease,border-color .18s ease,color .18s ease;transition:background .18s ease,border-color .18s ease,color .18s ease}.civilengineer-lm-btn:hover{background:var(--link-color);border-color:var(--link-color);color:#fff}.civilengineer-lm-btn[disabled]{cursor:default;opacity:.8}.civilengineer-lm-spin{width:16px;height:16px;border:2px solid currentColor;border-top-color:transparent;border-radius:50%;display:none;-webkit-animation:civilengineerSpin .7s linear infinite;animation:civilengineerSpin .7s linear infinite}.civilengineer-lm-btn.loading .civilengineer-lm-spin{display:inline-block}.civilengineer-lm-btn.loading .civilengineer-lm-ico{display:none}@-webkit-keyframes civilengineerSpin{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg)}}@keyframes civilengineerSpin{to{transform:rotate(360deg)}}.blog-posts.is-grid .post-outer.civilengineer-lm-new{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(14px);transform:translateY(14px)}.blog-posts.is-grid .post-outer.in{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:none;transform:none;-webkit-transition:opacity .4s ease,-webkit-transform .4s ease;transition:opacity .4s ease,transform .4s ease}.civilengineer-lm-end{text-align:center;color:var(--muted-text);font-size:.78rem;margin:20px 0 6px}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.blog-posts.is-grid .post-outer.in{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none}.civilengineer-lm-spin{-webkit-animation:none;animation:none}}.civilengineer-progress{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;height:3px;width:0%;z-index:9999;pointer-events:none;border-radius:0 3px 3px 0;background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,right top,from(var(--link-color)),to(var(--link-color)));background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--link-color),var(--link-color));box-shadow:0 0 8px -1px var(--link-color);-webkit-transition:width .1s linear;transition:width .1s linear;will-change:width}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.civilengineer-progress{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none}}.civilengineer-print-src{display:none}@media print{#back-to-top,#blog-pager,#comments,#cssmenu,#header-container,#header-wrapper,#inline-related-posts,#related-posts,#sidebar,.adsbygoogle,.breadcrumb,.breadcrumbs,.civilengineer-cc,.civilengineer-cc-fab,.civilengineer-lb,.civilengineer-lm-end,.civilengineer-lm-wrap,.civilengineer-progress,.civilengineer-toc__toggle,.comment-form,.comments,.darkmode-toggle,.grid-card-labels,.inline-related-posts,.label-line,.lang-switch,.no-print,.post-labels,.post-nav,.related-grid,.search-bar-wrap,.share-box,.sidebar,.sidebar-wrapper,[class*=" footer-"],[class^=footer-],footer,ins.adsbygoogle{display:none!important}body,html{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}#content-wrapper,#main,#main-wrapper,#outer-wrapper,#post-wrapper,.blog-posts,.container,.main-wrapper,.post,.post-body,.post-body-artikel,.post-outer,.row,article{width:100%!important;max-width:100%!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important;float:none!important;box-shadow:none!important;border:none!important;background:0 0!important}.post-title,.post-title a,h1.post-title{font-size:20pt!important;color:#000!important;margin:0 0 6pt!important;line-height:1.25!important}.grid-card-meta,.post-info,.post-meta,.postmeta{font-size:9pt!important;color:#333!important;margin-bottom:10pt!important}.post-body,.post-body-artikel{font-size:12pt!important;line-height:1.55!important;color:#000!important}.post-body-artikel h2,.post-body-artikel h3,.post-body-artikel h4{color:#000!important;page-break-after:avoid}.post-body-artikel li,.post-body-artikel p{orphans:3;widows:3}.post-body img,.post-body-artikel img{max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;page-break-inside:avoid}a{color:#000!important;text-decoration:underline}blockquote,figure,pre,table{page-break-inside:avoid}.civilengineer-toc{border:1px solid #999!important;box-shadow:none!important;background:0 0!important;page-break-inside:avoid}.civilengineer-toc a{color:#000!important}.civilengineer-print-src{display:block!important;margin-top:18pt;padding-top:8pt;border-top:1px solid #999;font-size:9pt;color:#444;word-break:break-all}@page{margin:1.6cm}}.footer-newsletter{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;min-width:0}.fnl-inner{display:block;min-width:0}.fnl-head{margin:0 0 14px}.fnl-title{margin:0;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted-text);line-height:1.3}.fnl-accent{display:block;width:34px;height:3px;border-radius:3px;margin:8px 0 0;background:var(--link-color);opacity:.85}.fnl-desc{margin:0 0 16px;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted-text)}.fnl-form{display:block;min-width:0}.fnl-join{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;min-width:0;position:relative;padding:4px 5px 4px 0;border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:999px;background:var(--body-bg);-webkit-transition:border-color .18s ease,-webkit-box-shadow .18s ease;transition:border-color .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease}.fnl-join:focus-within{border-color:var(--link-color);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(51,102,204,.15);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(51,102,204,.15)}[data-theme=dark] .fnl-join:focus-within{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(111,168,220,.18);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(111,168,220,.18)}.fnl-join.invalid{border-color:#d9534f;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(217,83,79,.14);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(217,83,79,.14)}.fnl-input{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;width:auto;min-width:0;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;font:inherit;font-size:.84rem;padding:9px 6px 9px 18px;border:0;border-radius:999px;background:0 0;color:var(--body-text);outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none}.fnl-input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:var(--muted-text);opacity:.85}.fnl-input::-moz-placeholder{color:var(--muted-text);opacity:.85}.fnl-input::placeholder{color:var(--muted-text);opacity:.85}.fnl-input:-webkit-autofill{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 40px var(--body-bg) inset;-webkit-text-fill-color:var(--body-text)}.fnl-btn{-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;width:34px;height:34px;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;border-radius:50%;background:0 0;color:var(--muted-text);cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease;transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease}.fnl-btn:focus-visible,.fnl-btn:hover{background:var(--link-color);color:#fff;outline:0}.fnl-btn:active{opacity:.85}.fnl-btn-ico{width:18px;height:18px;fill:currentColor;display:block}.fnl-btn-spin{width:18px;height:18px;display:none;position:absolute;color:currentColor}.fnl-join.sending .fnl-btn{pointer-events:none}.fnl-join.sending .fnl-btn-ico{visibility:hidden}.fnl-join.sending .fnl-btn-spin{display:block;-webkit-animation:fnlSpin .7s linear infinite;animation:fnlSpin .7s linear infinite}@-webkit-keyframes fnlSpin{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg)}}@keyframes fnlSpin{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg)}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.fnl-join.sending .fnl-btn-spin{-webkit-animation:none;animation:none}}.fnl-msg{font-size:.78rem;line-height:1.5;margin:10px 0 0}.fnl-msg.err{color:#d9534f}.fnl-msg.ok{color:var(--link-color);font-weight:600}.fnl-msg.info{color:var(--muted-text);font-weight:400}.fnl-msg a{color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:underline}.fnl-recaptcha-wrap{display:none;margin:10px 0 2px;width:304px;min-height:78px;overflow:visible}.fnl-recaptcha-wrap.is-active{display:block}.footer-newsletter.done .fnl-form{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:900px){.fnl-join{max-width:420px}.fnl-desc{max-width:480px}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.footer-col-newsletter{text-align:center}.fnl-accent{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.fnl-desc{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.fnl-join{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.fnl-input{text-align:center;padding-left:22px}}@media print{.footer-newsletter{display:none!important}}#sidebar-wrapper h2,.FeaturedPost h2.title,.latest-post-title h2{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:100%;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--heading-text);line-height:1.3;margin:0 0 18px;border-bottom:none;padding-bottom:0}#sidebar-wrapper h2::after,.FeaturedPost h2.title::after,.latest-post-title h2::after{content:"";-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;height:4px;min-width:60px;margin-left:14px;background:linear-gradient(var(--link-color),var(--link-color)) right center/34px 3px no-repeat,linear-gradient(var(--border-medium),var(--border-medium)) left center/calc(100% - 44px) 2px no-repeat}[dir=rtl] #sidebar-wrapper h2::after,[dir=rtl] .FeaturedPost h2.title::after,[dir=rtl] .latest-post-title h2::after{margin-left:0;margin-right:14px;background:linear-gradient(var(--link-color),var(--link-color)) left center/34px 3px no-repeat,linear-gradient(var(--border-medium),var(--border-medium)) right center/calc(100% - 44px) 2px no-repeat}#cssmenu>ul>li>a{text-transform:none;letter-spacing:0;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:600}@media screen and (min-width:801px){#cssmenu>ul>li>a{padding:0 9px}#cssmenu{margin-right:168px}}@media screen and (min-width:801px) and (max-width:1280px){#cssmenu>ul>li>a{padding:0 7px;font-size:.78rem}}blockquote{position:relative;background:var(--blockquote-bg);margin:1.75em 0;padding:1.3em 1.6em 1.3em 3.6em;border-left:4px solid var(--link-color);border-radius:0 12px 12px 0;font-style:italic;font-size:1.04rem;line-height:1.7;color:var(--body-text);-webkit-box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-light);box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-light)}blockquote::before{content:"\201C";position:absolute;left:.32em;top:.08em;font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:3.1rem;line-height:1;color:var(--link-color);opacity:.45;padding:0;font-style:normal}blockquote p:first-child{margin-top:0}blockquote p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}blockquote cite,blockquote footer{display:block;margin-top:.7em;font-style:normal;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.02em;color:var(--muted-text)}blockquote cite::before,blockquote footer::before{content:"\2014\00a0"}blockquote blockquote{margin:1em 0 0;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}[dir=rtl] blockquote{border-left:none;border-right:4px solid var(--link-color);border-radius:12px 0 0 12px;padding:1.3em 3.6em 1.3em 1.6em}[dir=rtl] blockquote::before{left:auto;right:.32em}blockquote[style]{background:0 0;font-style:normal;border-left:none;border-right:none;border-radius:0;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;padding:1em}blockquote[style]::before{content:"";padding:0}@media screen and (max-width:480px){blockquote{margin:1.4em 0;padding:1.1em 1.1em 1.1em 2.7em;font-size:.98rem}blockquote::before{font-size:2.4rem;left:.24em}[dir=rtl] blockquote{padding:1.1em 2.7em 1.1em 1.1em}}:root{--table-header-bg:#eaecf0;--table-body-bg:#f8f9fa}[data-theme=dark]{--table-header-bg:var(--tertiary-bg);--table-body-bg:var(--card-bg)}.post-body table:not(.tr-caption-container){border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--table-body-bg);border:1px solid var(--table-border);font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.55}.post-body table:not(.tr-caption-container) td,.post-body table:not(.tr-caption-container) th{padding:6px 10px;border:1px solid var(--table-border);vertical-align:top;font-size:.875rem}.post-body table:not(.tr-caption-container) td{text-align:left}.post-body table:not(.tr-caption-container) th{background:var(--table-header-bg);font-weight:700;color:var(--heading-text);text-align:center}.post-body table.tr-caption-container,.post-body table.tr-caption-container td{border:none;background:0 0}@media screen and (max-width:480px){.post-body table:not(.tr-caption-container) td,.post-body table:not(.tr-caption-container) th{padding:5px 8px;font-size:.8125rem}}.post-nav{position:relative}.post-nav::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:50%;top:28px;bottom:28px;width:1px;background:var(--border-color);pointer-events:none}.post-nav:has(> .post-nav-link:only-child)::before{display:none}.post-nav-older{padding-right:12px}.post-nav-newer{padding-left:12px}@media (max-width:600px){.post-nav::before{display:none}.post-nav>.post-nav-link:nth-child(2){border-top:1px solid var(--border-color);padding-top:20px}.post-nav-older{padding-right:0}.post-nav-newer{padding-left:0}}#sidebar-wrapper .cloud-label-widget-content{font-size:0}#sidebar-wrapper .cloud-label-widget-content .label-size{float:left;margin:0 8px 8px 0;line-height:1}#sidebar-wrapper .cloud-label-widget-content .label-size a,#sidebar-wrapper .list-label-widget-content ul li a{display:inline-block;padding:5px 13px;margin:0;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.03em;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:1.5;color:var(--link-color);background:var(--label-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:999px;-webkit-transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease;transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease}#sidebar-wrapper .cloud-label-widget-content .label-size a:focus,#sidebar-wrapper .cloud-label-widget-content .label-size a:hover,#sidebar-wrapper .list-label-widget-content ul li a:focus,#sidebar-wrapper .list-label-widget-content ul li a:hover{background:var(--link-color);color:#fff;border-color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none}#sidebar-wrapper .cloud-label-widget-content .label-size a:focus .label-count,#sidebar-wrapper .cloud-label-widget-content .label-size a:hover .label-count,#sidebar-wrapper .list-label-widget-content ul li a:focus .label-count,#sidebar-wrapper .list-label-widget-content ul li a:hover .label-count{color:inherit}#sidebar-wrapper .cloud-label-widget-content .label-count{font-size:.68rem;color:var(--muted-text);margin-left:5px;vertical-align:middle}#sidebar-wrapper .list-label-widget-content ul{-webkit-column-count:auto;-moz-column-count:auto;column-count:auto;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}#sidebar-wrapper .list-label-widget-content ul li{border-left:none;margin:0;padding:0}#sidebar-wrapper .list-label-widget-content ul li::before{display:none;content:none}#sidebar-wrapper .list-label-widget-content ul li span.label-count{font-size:.68rem;color:var(--muted-text)}[dir=rtl] #sidebar-wrapper .cloud-label-widget-content .label-size{float:right;margin:0 0 8px 8px}@media screen and (max-width:800px){.header{left:54px;right:150px;max-width:calc(100% - 204px);text-align:left}.header #header-inner{-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.header{left:49px;right:142px;max-width:calc(100% - 191px)}}@media screen and (max-width:400px){.header{right:128px;max-width:calc(100% - 177px)}.header h1.title,.header h2.title{font-size:1rem}}@media screen and (max-width:800px){.header{-webkit-transition:opacity .25s ease,visibility .25s ease;transition:opacity .25s ease,visibility .25s ease}#header-wrapper.search-open .header,#header-wrapper:has(.search-bar-wrap.open) .header{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none}}:root{--footer-center-bg:#f8f9fa;--footer-bar-h:4.25rem;--bar-shadow-offset:1px;--bar-shadow-blur:3px;--bar-shadow-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);--header-shadow-down:0 var(--bar-shadow-offset) var(--bar-shadow-blur) var(--bar-shadow-color)}[data-theme=dark]{--footer-center-bg:#14181d;--bar-shadow-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3)}#site-footer{background:var(--footer-center-bg)}html.civilengineer-noselect body{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}html.civilengineer-noselect .allow-copy,html.civilengineer-noselect .allow-copy *,html.civilengineer-noselect [contenteditable],html.civilengineer-noselect input,html.civilengineer-noselect select,html.civilengineer-noselect textarea{-webkit-user-select:text;-moz-user-select:text;-ms-user-select:text;user-select:text}.civilengineer-prot-toast{position:fixed;left:50%;bottom:32px;z-index:99999;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:600;color:#fff;background:var(--heading-text);border-radius:999px;padding:9px 18px;-webkit-box-shadow:var(--box-shadow);box-shadow:var(--box-shadow);opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,10px);transform:translate(-50%,10px);-webkit-transition:opacity .25s ease,visibility .25s,-webkit-transform .25s ease;transition:opacity .25s ease,transform .25s ease,visibility .25s}.civilengineer-prot-toast.show{opacity:1;visibility:visible;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,0);transform:translate(-50%,0)}[data-theme=dark] .civilengineer-prot-toast{background:#f0f0f0;color:#1a1d21}body#layout .custom-css,body#layout .custom-javascript-footer,body#layout .template-settings{width:100%;display:block}body#layout #above-post-widget::before,body#layout #bellow-header-widget2::before,body#layout #bellow-header-widget::before,body#layout #custom-css::before,body#layout #custom-javascript-footer::before,body#layout #header::before,body#layout #iklan-atas::before,body#layout #iklan-bawah::before,body#layout #iklan-tengah1::before,body#layout #iklan-tengah2::before,body#layout #main::before,body#layout #navmenu::before,body#layout #template-settings::before{display:block;background:#1b699d;color:#fff;font-weight:700;font-size:12px;line-height:1.4;padding:6px 10px;margin:0 0 6px;border-radius:4px;text-align:left}body#layout #template-settings::before{content:"\2699 PENGATURAN TEMPLATE \2014 klik Edit utk konfigurasi: proteksi konten (anti klik kanan/copy), newsletter, related posts, dll";background:#a0520f}body#layout #custom-css::before{content:"\1F3A8 CUSTOM CSS TAMBAHAN";background:#a0520f}body#layout #custom-javascript-footer::before{content:"\2699 CUSTOM JAVASCRIPT FOOTER";background:#a0520f}body#layout #header::before{content:"\1F3E0 HEADER \2014 Logo & Judul Situs"}body#layout #navmenu::before{content:"\1F4C2 MENU NAVIGASI UTAMA"}body#layout #bellow-header-widget::before{content:"\1F4E6 Widget Bawah Header 1 (banner/iklan)"}body#layout #bellow-header-widget2::before{content:"\1F4E6 Widget Bawah Header 2"}body#layout #above-post-widget::before{content:"\1F4E6 Widget Atas Daftar Posting"}body#layout #main::before{content:"\1F4C4 POSTINGAN BLOG"}body#layout #iklan-atas::before{content:"\1F4B0 Iklan: Atas Artikel";background:#2e7d32}body#layout #iklan-tengah1::before{content:"\1F4B0 Iklan: Tengah Artikel 1";background:#2e7d32}body#layout #iklan-tengah2::before{content:"\1F4B0 Iklan: Tengah Artikel 2";background:#2e7d32}body#layout #iklan-bawah::before{content:"\1F4B0 Iklan: Bawah Artikel";background:#2e7d32}.civilengineer-hero-outer{max-width:100%;padding:0 30px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}#badan-halaman{display:none;position:relative;max-width:var(--h-maxw,var(--theme-width));margin:var(--h-margin,0 0 14px);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;background:var(--h-bg,var(--tint-hero-bg));border:1px solid var(--tint-hero-border);border-radius:var(--h-radius,18px);-webkit-box-shadow:var(--h-shadow,var(--box-shadow-light));box-shadow:var(--h-shadow,var(--box-shadow-light));padding:var(--h-pad,clamp(28px,4.5vw,52px));min-height:var(--h-minh,auto);grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:clamp(24px,3.5vw,44px);align-items:center;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;text-align:var(--h-align,left)}#badan-halaman:has(.civilengineer-hero-media){grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.08fr) minmax(0,.92fr)}html.civilengineer-hero-empty #badan-halaman{display:none!important}html.civilengineer-hero-empty .civilengineer-hero-outer{padding-top:0!important}html.civilengineer-hero-empty #wrapper{padding-top:calc(var(--civilengineer-hdr-total) + 30px)!important}#badan-halaman>.widget{min-width:0;margin:0}#badan-halaman>.Image{order:var(--h-media-order,2);display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center}.civilengineer-hero-sub{margin:0 0 10px;font-size:.95rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.01em;color:var(--heading-text)}.civilengineer-hero-title{margin:0 0 14px;font-size:clamp(1.65rem, 3.4vw, 2.5rem);line-height:1.15;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.6px;color:var(--heading-text)}.civilengineer-hero-desc{margin:0 var(--h-desc-mx,0) 26px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.75;color:var(--body-text);max-width:56ch}.civilengineer-hero-btns{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;-webkit-box-pack:var(--h-btns-justify,start);-ms-flex-pack:var(--h-btns-justify,start);justify-content:var(--h-btns-justify,flex-start)}.civilengineer-hero-btn{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:9px;font-size:.9rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1;padding:13px 26px;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease,-webkit-box-shadow .18s ease,-webkit-transform .18s ease;transition:transform .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease,background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease,filter .18s ease}.civilengineer-hero-btn:hover{text-decoration:none;-webkit-transform:translateY(-2px);transform:translateY(-2px);-webkit-box-shadow:var(--box-shadow);box-shadow:var(--box-shadow)}.civilengineer-hero-btn:active{-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}.civilengineer-hero-btn:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:3px}.civilengineer-hero-btn-ico{width:17px;height:17px;fill:currentColor;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .18s ease;transition:transform .18s ease}.civilengineer-hero-btn:hover .civilengineer-hero-btn-ico{-webkit-transform:translateX(3px);transform:translateX(3px)}.civilengineer-hero-btn:hover .civilengineer-hero-btn-ico.ico-down{-webkit-transform:translateY(3px);transform:translateY(3px)}.civilengineer-hero-btn.b1{background:var(--h-b1-bg,var(--link-color));color:var(--h-b1-text,#fff);border:var(--h-b1-border,1.5px solid transparent);border-radius:var(--h-b1-radius,11px)}.civilengineer-hero-btn.b1:hover{background:var(--h-b1-hover,var(--h-b1-bg,var(--link-color)));-webkit-filter:brightness(1.06);filter:brightness(1.06);color:var(--h-b1-text,#fff)}.civilengineer-hero-btn.b2{background:var(--h-b2-bg,transparent);color:var(--h-b2-text,var(--heading-text));border:var(--h-b2-border,1.5px solid var(--border-color));border-radius:var(--h-b2-radius,11px)}.civilengineer-hero-btn.b2:hover{background:var(--h-b2-hover,var(--h-b2-bg,transparent));border-color:var(--link-color);color:var(--h-b2-text,var(--link-color))}.civilengineer-hero-media{width:100%}.civilengineer-hero-img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-height:440px;-o-object-fit:contain;object-fit:contain;border-radius:12px}@media (max-width:900px){#badan-halaman:has(.civilengineer-hero-media){grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr)}}@media (max-width:768px){.civilengineer-hero-outer{padding:0 20px}#badan-halaman,#badan-halaman:has(.civilengineer-hero-media){grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:22px;text-align:center}#badan-halaman>.Image{order:3}.civilengineer-hero-btns{-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap}.civilengineer-hero-btn{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center}.civilengineer-hero-desc{font-size:.92rem;margin-bottom:20px}.civilengineer-hero-title{font-size:clamp(1.4rem, 6vw, 1.8rem)}.civilengineer-hero-img{max-height:280px}}@media (max-width:640px){.civilengineer-hero-outer{padding:0 15px}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.civilengineer-hero-btn,.civilengineer-hero-btn-ico{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none}.civilengineer-hero-btn:hover{-webkit-transform:none;transform:none}}.status-msg-wrap{width:100%;margin:0 0 26px;position:static}.status-msg-bg,.status-msg-border,.status-msg-hidden{display:none}.status-msg-body{position:static;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px 10px;width:auto;text-align:left;padding:16px 20px;background:var(--secondary-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-left:4px solid var(--link-color);border-radius:12px;-webkit-box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-light);box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-light);font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.55;color:var(--body-text)}.status-msg-body::before{content:"";width:19px;height:19px;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;background:var(--link-color);-webkit-mask:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M21.4 11.6 12.4 2.6A2 2 0 0 0 11 2H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v7a2 2 0 0 0 .6 1.4l9 9a2 2 0 0 0 2.8 0l7-7a2 2 0 0 0 0-2.8zM6.5 8A1.5 1.5 0 1 1 8 6.5 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 6.5 8z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center/contain no-repeat;mask:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M21.4 11.6 12.4 2.6A2 2 0 0 0 11 2H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v7a2 2 0 0 0 .6 1.4l9 9a2 2 0 0 0 2.8 0l7-7a2 2 0 0 0 0-2.8zM6.5 8A1.5 1.5 0 1 1 8 6.5 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 6.5 8z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center/contain no-repeat}.status-msg-body b{color:var(--link-color);font-weight:700}.status-msg-wrap a{padding:5px 14px;margin-left:auto;font-size:.78rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--link-color);background:var(--card-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:999px;white-space:nowrap;-webkit-transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease;transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease}.status-msg-wrap a:hover{background:var(--link-color);color:#fff;border-color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none}@media (max-width:560px){.status-msg-body{padding:14px 15px;font-size:.83rem}.status-msg-wrap a{margin-left:0}}.status-msg-wrap.is-error-msg{margin:10px 0 26px}.error-hero{position:relative;overflow:hidden;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;text-align:center;gap:14px;padding:64px 24px 56px;background:var(--card-bg);border:1px solid var(--tint-hero-border);border-radius:18px;-webkit-box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-light);box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-light)}.error-hero::after,.error-hero::before{content:"";position:absolute;border-radius:50%;background:radial-gradient(circle,var(--link-color) 0,transparent 72%);opacity:.12;z-index:0;pointer-events:none}.error-hero::before{width:260px;height:260px;top:-120px;left:-90px}.error-hero::after{width:220px;height:220px;bottom:-110px;right:-80px}.error-hero-figure{position:relative;z-index:1;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;gap:4px;line-height:1}.error-hero-digit{font-size:120px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-4px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--link-color),var(--link-hover));-webkit-background-clip:text;background-clip:text;-webkit-text-fill-color:transparent;color:transparent}.error-hero-o{width:96px;height:96px;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:50%;background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--link-color),var(--link-hover))}.error-hero-o svg{width:46px;height:46px;fill:#fff}.error-hero-title{position:relative;z-index:1;margin:6px 0 0;font-size:1.4rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--heading-text)}.error-hero-desc{position:relative;z-index:1;max-width:460px;margin:0;color:var(--muted-text);font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.6}.status-msg-wrap a.error-hero-btn{position:relative;z-index:1;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin:10px 0 0;padding:12px 26px;background:var(--link-color);color:#fff;font-weight:600;font-size:.9rem;border:none;border-radius:999px;white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:background .2s ease,-webkit-transform .2s ease;transition:background .2s ease,transform .2s ease}.error-hero-btn svg{width:18px;height:18px;fill:#fff}.status-msg-wrap a.error-hero-btn:hover{background:var(--link-hover);color:#fff;-webkit-transform:translateY(-2px);transform:translateY(-2px);text-decoration:none}@media (max-width:560px){.error-hero{padding:48px 18px 40px}.error-hero-digit{font-size:72px;letter-spacing:-2px}.error-hero-o{width:60px;height:60px}.error-hero-o svg{width:28px;height:28px}.error-hero-title{font-size:1.1rem}.error-hero-desc{font-size:.88rem}}.byline.post-location{display:block;clear:both;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color);margin-top:30px;padding-top:16px;font-size:.875rem;color:var(--muted-text)}.byline.post-location a{font-weight:600}body#layout{width:96%;max-width:1150px;padding:70px 24px 20px}body#layout .add_widget{padding:6px 10px;margin-bottom:6px}body#layout div.section{margin:0 0 6px}body#layout div.widget .widget-content{padding:7px 10px}body#layout #main .Blog .widget-content{height:56px}body#layout div.section h4{display:none}body#layout #above-post-widget::before,body#layout #badan-halaman::before,body#layout #bellow-header-widget2::before,body#layout #bellow-header-widget::before,body#layout #custom-css::before,body#layout #custom-javascript-footer::before,body#layout #header::before,body#layout #iklan-atas::before,body#layout #iklan-bawah::before,body#layout #iklan-tengah1::before,body#layout #iklan-tengah2::before,body#layout #main::before,body#layout #navmenu::before,body#layout #security-recaptcha::before,body#layout #sidebar-wrapper::before,body#layout #template-settings::before{position:static;display:block;background:#1b699d;color:#fff;font-weight:700;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:1.4;padding:5px 10px;margin:0 0 5px;border-radius:4px;text-align:left}body#layout #header::before{content:"HEADER \2014 Logo & Judul Situs"}body#layout #navmenu::before{content:"HEADER \2014 MEGA MENU: Kode Menu Navigasi (klik Edit utk susun item menu)"}body#layout #badan-halaman::before{content:"BADAN HALAMAN \2014 Homepage (klik Edit: on/off, judul, tombol, gambar)";background:#6a1b9a}body#layout #bellow-header-widget::before{content:"HOMEPAGE \2014 Widget Bawah Header 1"}body#layout #bellow-header-widget2::before{content:"HOMEPAGE \2014 Widget Bawah Header 2"}body#layout #above-post-widget::before{content:"HOMEPAGE \2014 Widget Atas Posting"}body#layout #main::before{content:"POST \2014 Daftar Postingan Blog"}body#layout #sidebar-wrapper::before{content:"SIDEBAR";position:static;right:auto;bottom:auto}body#layout #iklan-atas::before{content:"ADS \2014 Atas Artikel";background:#2e7d32}body#layout #iklan-tengah1::before{content:"ADS \2014 Tengah Artikel 1";background:#2e7d32}body#layout #iklan-tengah2::before{content:"ADS \2014 Tengah Artikel 2";background:#2e7d32}body#layout #iklan-bawah::before{content:"ADS \2014 Bawah Artikel";background:#2e7d32}body#layout #security-recaptcha::before{content:"SECURITY & reCAPTCHA \2014 Anti Klik Kanan, Copy & Site Key (klik Edit per gadget)";background:#b3261e}body#layout #custom-css::before{content:"CUSTOM CSS";background:#a0520f}body#layout #custom-javascript-footer::before{content:"CUSTOM JAVASCRIPT";background:#a0520f}body#layout #template-settings::before{content:"PENGATURAN TEMPLATE \2014 SEO & konfigurasi lain (klik Edit)";background:#a0520f}body#layout #post-wrapper{float:right;width:63%;max-width:none;padding-top:12px}body#layout #sidebar-wrapper{float:left;width:35%;max-width:none;padding-top:12px}body#layout #post-wrapper .post-container{padding:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 8px}body#layout #post-wrapper .post-container>*{min-width:0}body#layout #post-wrapper .post-container #above-post-widget,body#layout #post-wrapper .post-container #main,body#layout #post-wrapper .post-container .above-post-widget,body#layout #post-wrapper .post-container .main{grid-column:1/-1}body#layout #footer-widget-container .footer-center{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:6px 10px;padding:0}body#layout #footer-widget-container .footer-col{min-width:0}body#layout .footer-bottom-inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:6px 10px;padding:0}body#layout .badan-halaman,body#layout .custom-css,body#layout .custom-javascript-footer,body#layout .security-recaptcha,body#layout .template-settings{width:100%;display:block}body#layout #header-container{padding-top:0}body#layout #header{width:44%}body#layout #navmenu{width:54%}body#layout .civilengineer-hero-outer{padding:0;max-width:100%}body#layout #badan-halaman{display:block!important;background:0 0;border:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;margin:0 0 6px;max-width:100%}body#layout #badan-halaman::before{content:"BADAN HALAMAN \2014 Homepage Hero Banner (Edit: konten + pengaturan) & Hero: Upload Gambar";background:#6a1b9a}.post-body-artikel ol,.post-body-artikel ul{margin:1.1rem 0 1.4rem;padding-left:1.9rem;line-height:1.8}.post-body-artikel li{margin:0 0 .6rem;padding-left:.4rem}.post-body-artikel li:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.post-body-artikel ul{list-style:disc outside}.post-body-artikel ul ul{list-style:circle outside}.post-body-artikel ul ul ul{list-style:square outside}.post-body-artikel ol{list-style:decimal outside}.post-body-artikel ol ol{list-style:lower-alpha outside}.post-body-artikel ol ol ol{list-style:lower-roman outside}.post-body-artikel li::marker{color:var(--muted-text);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.post-body-artikel .civilengineer-toc ol,.post-body-artikel .civilengineer-toc ol ol,.post-body-artikel .civilengineer-toc ol ol ol,.post-body-artikel .civilengineer-toc ul{list-style:none}.post-body-artikel .civilengineer-toc li{margin:0;padding-left:0}.post-body-artikel .civilengineer-toc li::marker{content:none}.post-body-artikel ol ol,.post-body-artikel ol ul,.post-body-artikel ul ol,.post-body-artikel ul ul{margin:.65rem 0 .65rem;padding-left:1.6rem}.post-body-artikel li>p{margin:.35rem 0}.post-body-artikel .civilengineer-toc li,.post-body-artikel .civilengineer-toc ol,.post-body-artikel .civilengineer-toc ul{margin:0;padding-left:0}.post-body-artikel .civilengineer-toc ol ol{padding-left:16px;margin-top:2px}.post-body-artikel #inline-related-posts li{padding-left:0;margin:0 0 .5rem}.post-body-artikel #inline-related-posts ul{padding-left:0}@media (max-width:480px){.post-body-artikel ol,.post-body-artikel ul{padding-left:1.4rem}.post-body-artikel ol ol,.post-body-artikel ol ul,.post-body-artikel ul ol,.post-body-artikel ul ul{padding-left:1.25rem}}h1.post-title{font-size:2rem;font-weight:800;line-height:1.25;letter-spacing:-.4px}.post-body-artikel h1,.post-body-artikel h2,.post-body-artikel h3,.post-body-artikel h4,.post-body-artikel h5,.post-body-artikel h6{margin:1.9em 0 .75em;line-height:1.35;color:var(--heading-text)}.post-body-artikel h1{font-size:1.55rem;font-weight:800;padding-bottom:.3rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color)}.post-body-artikel h2{font-size:1.38rem;font-weight:700;padding-bottom:.3em;border-bottom:1px solid var(--table-border)}.post-body-artikel h3{font-size:1.22rem;font-weight:700;padding-bottom:.2em;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--border-medium)}.post-body-artikel h4{font-size:1.08rem;font-weight:700}.post-body-artikel h5{font-size:1rem;font-weight:700}.post-body-artikel h6{font-size:.92rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.01em}.post-body-artikel h1:first-child,.post-body-artikel h2:first-child,.post-body-artikel h3:first-child{margin-top:.4em}@media (max-width:480px){h1.post-title{font-size:1.55rem}.post-body-artikel h1{font-size:1.32rem}.post-body-artikel h2{font-size:1.2rem}.post-body-artikel h3{font-size:1.1rem}.post-body-artikel h4{font-size:1.02rem}}.civilengineer-follow-wrap{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-align:var(--fw-align,flex-start);-ms-flex-align:var(--fw-align,flex-start);align-items:var(--fw-align,flex-start);margin:0}.civilengineer-vf-btn{-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;gap:9px;min-width:104px;margin:0;padding:11px 26px;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;color:var(--fw-text,#fff);background:var(--fw-bg,var(--link-color));border:1.5px solid transparent;border-radius:999px;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;-webkit-transition:background .18s ease,border-color .18s ease,color .18s ease,-webkit-filter .18s ease;transition:background .18s ease,border-color .18s ease,color .18s ease,filter .18s ease}.civilengineer-vf-btn:link,.civilengineer-vf-btn:visited{color:var(--fw-text,#fff)}.civilengineer-vf-btn:focus,.civilengineer-vf-btn:hover{color:var(--fw-text,#fff);text-decoration:none;-webkit-transform:none;transform:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;-webkit-filter:saturate(1.06) brightness(1.04);filter:saturate(1.06) brightness(1.04)}.civilengineer-vf-btn:active{-webkit-transform:none;transform:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;-webkit-filter:brightness(.96);filter:brightness(.96)}.civilengineer-vf-btn:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:3px}.civilengineer-vf-btn-ico{width:15px;height:15px;fill:currentColor;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}.civilengineer-vf-btn-label{white-space:nowrap}[data-theme=dark] .civilengineer-vf-btn{background:var(--fw-bg,var(--link-color));color:var(--fw-text,#fff);border-color:transparent;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}[data-theme=dark] .civilengineer-vf-btn:link,[data-theme=dark] .civilengineer-vf-btn:visited{color:var(--fw-text,#fff)}[data-theme=dark] .civilengineer-vf-btn:focus,[data-theme=dark] .civilengineer-vf-btn:hover{color:var(--fw-text,#fff)}@media (max-width:480px){.civilengineer-vf-btn{min-width:92px;padding:9px 16px;font-size:.76rem}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.civilengineer-vf-btn{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none}.civilengineer-vf-btn:hover{-webkit-transform:none;transform:none}}#site-footer .civilengineer-vf-btn,#site-footer .civilengineer-vf-btn:link,#site-footer .civilengineer-vf-btn:visited,.footer-wrapper .civilengineer-vf-btn,.footer-wrapper .civilengineer-vf-btn:link,.footer-wrapper .civilengineer-vf-btn:visited{color:var(--fw-text,#fff)}#site-footer .civilengineer-vf-btn:focus,#site-footer .civilengineer-vf-btn:hover,.footer-wrapper .civilengineer-vf-btn:focus,.footer-wrapper .civilengineer-vf-btn:hover{color:var(--fw-text,#fff)}:root{--mm-dur:240ms;--mm-ease:cubic-bezier(.2, 0, 0, 1);--mm-radius:14px;--mm-gap:2px;--mm-panel-bg:var(--header-glass, var(--header-bg));--mm-panel-solid:var(--header-glass-solid, var(--header-bg));--mm-hover-bg:var(--menu-hover-bg);--mm-text:var(--header-text);--mm-sub-text:var(--submenu-text);--mm-accent:var(--link-color);--mm-muted:var(--muted-text);--mm-border:var(--header-hairline, var(--border-color));--mm-shadow:0 12px 28px -8px rgba(60, 64, 67, .22),0 4px 10px -4px rgba(60, 64, 67, .12);--mm-shadow-strong:0 22px 48px -10px rgba(60, 64, 67, .34),0 8px 18px -6px rgba(60, 64, 67, .16);--mm-drawer-shadow:22px 0 54px -20px rgba(60, 64, 67, .35);--mm-drawer-w:min(320px, 86vw);--mm-glass-edge:rgba(255, 255, 255, .45)}[data-theme=dark]{--mm-shadow:0 12px 30px -8px rgba(0, 0, 0, .55),0 4px 12px -4px rgba(0, 0, 0, .4);--mm-shadow-strong:0 24px 54px -10px rgba(0, 0, 0, .7),0 8px 20px -6px rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);--mm-drawer-shadow:22px 0 54px -20px rgba(0, 0, 0, .6);--mm-glass-edge:rgba(255, 255, 255, .08)}#header-container{background:0 0;-webkit-backdrop-filter:none;backdrop-filter:none}#header-container::before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:-1;background:var(--header-glass,var(--header-bg));-webkit-backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);pointer-events:none}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-shadow{background:0 0}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-shadow::before{background:var(--header-glass-solid,var(--header-bg))}@supports not ((-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(1px)) or (backdrop-filter:blur(1px))){#header-container,#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-shadow{background:var(--header-bg)}#header-container::before{display:none}}#cssmenu.mm-noshadow{--mm-shadow:none;--mm-shadow-strong:none;--mm-drawer-shadow:none}#cssmenu.mm-shadow-strong{--mm-shadow:var(--mm-shadow-strong)}.mm-nosticky #header-container{position:absolute}.mm-nosticky #header-container.civilengineer-hdr-hidden{transform:none}#cssmenu .mm-panel ul,#cssmenu .mm-panel ul ul{position:static!important;height:auto!important;min-width:0;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;background:0 0!important;box-shadow:none!important;opacity:inherit!important;visibility:inherit!important;transform:none!important;pointer-events:inherit!important;-webkit-backdrop-filter:none;backdrop-filter:none;transition:none}#cssmenu .mm-panel li{border:0!important;background:0 0!important}#cssmenu .mm-panel li a{white-space:normal;border:0}#cssmenu .mm-i{display:inline-block;width:17px;height:17px;flex:none;background:currentColor;vertical-align:-3px;-webkit-mask:var(--mi) center/contain no-repeat;mask:var(--mi) center/contain no-repeat}#cssmenu a svg.mm-ico{width:17px;height:17px;flex:none;fill:currentColor}.mm-i-home{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M12 3.2 2.8 11h2.4v9h5.2v-6h3.2v6h5.2v-9h2.4z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-article{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M6 2h9l5 5v15H6zm8 1.5V8h4.5zM8 11h8v2H8zm0 4h8v2H8z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-tutorial{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M12 3 1 9l11 6 9-4.9V17h2V9zM5 13.2V17c0 2 3.1 4 7 4s7-2 7-4v-3.8l-7 3.8z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-tools{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M22 19.6 13.9 11.5a6 6 0 0 0-7.4-7.4l3.6 3.6-2.8 2.8L3.7 6.9a6 6 0 0 0 7.4 7.4l8.1 8.1a1.4 1.4 0 0 0 2 0l.8-.8a1.4 1.4 0 0 0 0-2z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-download{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M11 3h2v9l3.5-3.5L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.5-1.5L11 12zM4 19h16v2H4z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-contact{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M2 5h20a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v12a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1zm10 7 8.5-5.4H3.5zM3 17.4h18V8.2l-9 5.6-9-5.6z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-calc{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M5 2h14a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v18a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1zm2 3v3h10V5zm0 6h2v2H7zm4 0h2v2h-2zm4 0h2v6h-2zm-8 4h2v2H7zm4 0h2v2h-2z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-book{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M6 2h13a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v18a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H6a3 3 0 0 1-3-3V5a3 3 0 0 1 3-3zm0 16a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h12v-2zm2-12v6l2-1.4L12 12V6z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#cssmenu .mm-badge{display:inline-block;flex:none;margin-left:8px;padding:2px 7px;font-size:.6rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.35;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:var(--mm-accent);border-radius:999px;vertical-align:2px}#cssmenu .mm-badge.hot{background:#e53935}#cssmenu .mm-badge.new{background:#2e7d32}#cssmenu .mm-badge.beta{background:#8e24aa}#cssmenu .mm-badge.soft{background:var(--label-bg);color:var(--mm-accent)}#cssmenu .mm-desc{display:block;margin-top:2px;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.45;color:var(--mm-muted);white-space:normal;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:0}#cssmenu .mm-drawer-head,#cssmenu .mm-tgl,.mm-backdrop{display:none}@media screen and (min-width:801px){#cssmenu>ul{gap:var(--mm-gap)}#cssmenu>ul>li>a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;color:var(--mm-text);border-radius:8px;transition:background var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease),color var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease)}#cssmenu>ul>li>a:hover{text-decoration:none;background:var(--mm-hover-bg)}#cssmenu>ul>li.mm-hov>a,#cssmenu>ul>li.mm-open>a,#cssmenu>ul>li:hover>a{background:var(--mm-hover-bg);color:var(--mm-text)}#cssmenu>ul>li>a:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--mm-accent);outline-offset:-2px}#cssmenu>ul>li{position:relative}#cssmenu>ul>li.active>a{color:var(--mm-accent);background:0 0}#cssmenu>ul>li.active>a::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:8px;right:8px;bottom:0;height:3px;border-radius:3px 3px 0 0;background:var(--mm-accent)}#cssmenu>ul>li.has-mega>a::after,#cssmenu>ul>li.has-sub>a::after{content:"";border:0!important;width:15px;height:15px;margin:0 0 0 1px;display:inline-block;flex:none;background:currentColor;-webkit-mask:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M7.4 8.6 12 13.2l4.6-4.6L18 10l-6 6-6-6z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center/contain no-repeat;mask:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M7.4 8.6 12 13.2l4.6-4.6L18 10l-6 6-6-6z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center/contain no-repeat;transform-origin:center;transition:transform var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease)}#cssmenu>ul>li.has-mega.mm-hov>a::after,#cssmenu>ul>li.has-mega.mm-open>a::after,#cssmenu>ul>li.has-sub.mm-hov>a::after,#cssmenu>ul>li.has-sub.mm-open>a::after{transform:rotate(180deg)}#cssmenu>ul>li.has-mega::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:-12px;right:-12px;top:100%;height:14px;display:none}#cssmenu>ul>li.has-mega.mm-hov::before{display:block}#cssmenu ul ul{position:absolute;top:100%;left:0;right:auto;min-width:236px;margin:0;padding:8px;background:var(--mm-panel-bg);-webkit-backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);border:1px solid var(--mm-border);border-top:1px solid var(--mm-border);border-radius:var(--mm-radius);box-shadow:var(--mm-shadow);opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease),transform var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease),visibility var(--mm-dur);z-index:30}@supports not ((-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(1px)) or (backdrop-filter:blur(1px))){#cssmenu ul ul{background:var(--mm-panel-solid)}}#cssmenu ul ul.mm-left{left:auto;right:0}#cssmenu.mm-ready li:focus-within>ul,#cssmenu.mm-ready li:hover>ul{left:0;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none}#cssmenu.mm-ready li.mm-hov>ul,#cssmenu.mm-ready li.mm-open>ul{left:0;opacity:1;visibility:visible;pointer-events:auto;transform:none;z-index:32}#cssmenu.mm-ready ul ul li.mm-hov>ul,#cssmenu.mm-ready ul ul li.mm-open>ul{left:calc(100% + 4px)}#cssmenu.mm-ready ul ul li.mm-hov>ul.mm-flyleft,#cssmenu.mm-ready ul ul li.mm-open>ul.mm-flyleft{left:auto}#cssmenu.mm-ready li.mm-hov>ul.mm-left,#cssmenu.mm-ready li.mm-open>ul.mm-left{left:auto}#cssmenu ul ul li{border:0;background:0 0}#cssmenu ul ul li a{display:block;padding:9px 12px;margin:1px 0;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.4;color:var(--mm-sub-text);border:0;border-radius:9px;white-space:normal;overflow:visible;text-overflow:clip;max-width:none;transition:background .16s ease,color .16s ease}#cssmenu ul ul li a:focus-visible,#cssmenu ul ul li a:hover{background:var(--mm-hover-bg);color:var(--mm-accent);text-decoration:none;outline:0}#cssmenu ul ul li a:focus-visible{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 2px var(--mm-accent)}#cssmenu ul ul li.active>a{color:var(--mm-accent);background:var(--mm-hover-bg);font-weight:700}#cssmenu ul ul li.has-sub>a{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px}#cssmenu ul ul li.has-sub>a::after{content:"";border:0!important;width:14px;height:14px;flex:none;background:currentColor;opacity:.7;-webkit-mask:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M9.3 6.7 14.6 12l-5.3 5.3 1.4 1.4L17.4 12l-6.7-6.7z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center/contain no-repeat;mask:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M9.3 6.7 14.6 12l-5.3 5.3 1.4 1.4L17.4 12l-6.7-6.7z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center/contain no-repeat}#cssmenu ul ul ul{top:-9px;left:calc(100% + 4px);margin:0;border-radius:var(--mm-radius);border-top:1px solid var(--mm-border)}#cssmenu ul ul ul.mm-flyleft{left:auto;right:calc(100% + 4px)}#cssmenu[data-mm-anim=fade-slide] .mm-panel,#cssmenu[data-mm-anim=fade-slide] ul ul{transform:translateY(10px)}#cssmenu[data-mm-anim=slide] .mm-panel,#cssmenu[data-mm-anim=slide] ul ul{transform:translateY(16px)}#cssmenu[data-mm-anim=scale] .mm-panel,#cssmenu[data-mm-anim=scale] ul ul{transform:scale(.965) translateY(6px);transform-origin:top center}#cssmenu[data-mm-anim=fade] .mm-panel,#cssmenu[data-mm-anim=fade] ul ul{transform:none}#cssmenu[data-mm-anim] li.mm-hov>.mm-panel,#cssmenu[data-mm-anim] li.mm-hov>ul,#cssmenu[data-mm-anim] li.mm-open>.mm-panel,#cssmenu[data-mm-anim] li.mm-open>ul{transform:none}#cssmenu>ul>li.has-mega{position:static}#cssmenu .mm-panel{position:absolute;top:100%;left:0;right:0;padding:26px 28px 24px;background:var(--mm-panel-bg);-webkit-backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);border:1px solid var(--mm-border);border-radius:var(--mm-radius);box-shadow:var(--mm-shadow);box-sizing:border-box;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease),transform var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease),visibility var(--mm-dur);z-index:30;max-height:calc(100vh - var(--header-height) - 24px);overflow-y:auto}@supports not ((-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(1px)) or (backdrop-filter:blur(1px))){#cssmenu .mm-panel{background:var(--mm-panel-solid)}}#cssmenu.mm-ready li:focus-within>.mm-panel,#cssmenu.mm-ready li:hover>.mm-panel{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none}#cssmenu.mm-ready li.mm-hov>.mm-panel,#cssmenu.mm-ready li.mm-open>.mm-panel{opacity:1;visibility:visible;pointer-events:auto;z-index:32}#cssmenu .mm-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--mm-cols,3),minmax(0,1fr));gap:22px 32px;align-items:start}#cssmenu .mm-col{min-width:0}#cssmenu .mm-head{display:block;margin:0 0 10px;padding:0 12px 9px;font-size:.7rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--mm-muted);border-bottom:1px solid var(--mm-border)}#cssmenu .mm-panel .mm-list li a,#cssmenu .mm-panel li a{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:10px;padding:8px 12px;margin:1px 0;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.45;color:var(--mm-sub-text);border-radius:9px;text-decoration:none;transition:background .16s ease,color .16s ease}#cssmenu .mm-panel li a:focus-visible,#cssmenu .mm-panel li a:hover{background:var(--mm-hover-bg);color:var(--mm-accent);text-decoration:none;outline:0}#cssmenu .mm-panel li a:focus-visible{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 2px var(--mm-accent)}#cssmenu .mm-panel li a .mm-i,#cssmenu .mm-panel li a svg.mm-ico{margin-top:2px;color:var(--mm-accent)}#cssmenu .mm-panel .mm-txt{min-width:0;display:block}#cssmenu ul ul li a{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px}#cssmenu ul ul li a .mm-i{color:var(--mm-accent)}#cssmenu .mm-featured{background:var(--label-bg);border:1px solid var(--mm-border);border-radius:calc(var(--mm-radius) - 4px);padding:14px}#cssmenu .mm-featured .mm-head{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}#cssmenu .mm-card{display:block;color:inherit;text-decoration:none}#cssmenu .mm-card:hover{text-decoration:none}#cssmenu .mm-card-thumb{display:block;position:relative;width:100%;height:0;padding-top:56.25%;border-radius:10px;overflow:hidden;background:var(--secondary-bg);margin-bottom:10px}#cssmenu .mm-card-thumb img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;display:block;transition:transform .35s var(--mm-ease)}#cssmenu .mm-card:hover .mm-card-thumb img{transform:scale(1.05)}#cssmenu .mm-card-title{display:block;font-size:.88rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;color:var(--heading-text);transition:color .16s ease}#cssmenu .mm-card:hover .mm-card-title{color:var(--mm-accent)}#cssmenu .mm-card-text{display:block;margin-top:4px;font-size:.74rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--mm-muted)}#cssmenu .mm-cta{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;margin-top:12px;padding:8px 16px;font-size:.74rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.03em;color:#fff!important;background:var(--mm-accent);border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none!important;transition:opacity .16s ease,transform .16s ease}#cssmenu .mm-cta:hover{opacity:.9;transform:translateY(-1px)}#cssmenu .mm-panel,#cssmenu ul ul{border-top-color:var(--mm-glass-edge)}#cssmenu.mm-off>ul>li.has-mega{position:relative}#cssmenu.mm-off .mm-panel{left:0!important;right:auto!important;width:320px!important;padding:14px}#cssmenu.mm-off .mm-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:14px}#cssmenu.mm-off .mm-featured{display:none}}@media screen and (max-width:800px){body.mm-lock #header-container{transform:none!important;-webkit-transform:none!important;will-change:auto!important;-webkit-backdrop-filter:none!important;backdrop-filter:none!important;filter:none!important;-webkit-filter:none!important;perspective:none!important;z-index:1002!important;background:var(--header-bg)}body.mm-lock #header-container::before{-webkit-backdrop-filter:none!important;backdrop-filter:none!important;background:0 0!important}#cssmenu>ul{display:block!important;position:fixed;left:0;top:var(--header-height);bottom:0;height:calc(100dvh - var(--header-height))!important;max-height:none!important;width:min(330px,88vw);padding:4px 14px 34px;margin:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--wrapper-bg)!important;border-right:1px solid var(--mm-border);box-shadow:none;overflow-y:auto;overflow-x:hidden;overscroll-behavior:contain;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;opacity:1;visibility:visible;transform:translateX(-103%);transition:transform var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease),box-shadow var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease);z-index:1003}#cssmenu>ul.mm-open{transform:none;box-shadow:none}#cssmenu>ul::-webkit-scrollbar{width:5px}#cssmenu>ul::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:var(--scrollbar-thumb);border-radius:4px}.mm-backdrop{display:block;position:fixed;top:var(--header-height);left:0;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:1000;background:rgba(15,17,20,.5);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(2px);backdrop-filter:blur(2px);opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease),visibility var(--mm-dur)}.mm-backdrop.show{opacity:1;visibility:visible;pointer-events:auto}body.mm-lock{overflow:hidden}#cssmenu .mm-drawer-head{display:none!important}#cssmenu>ul>li{width:100%;margin:0;border-top:0!important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--mm-border);background:0 0!important;position:relative}#cssmenu>ul>li:last-child{border-bottom:0}#cssmenu>ul>li>a{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;width:auto;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;padding:15px 52px 15px 4px;line-height:1.4;font-size:.92rem;font-weight:700;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:0;color:var(--heading-text)!important;border-radius:8px;white-space:normal;overflow:hidden}#cssmenu>ul>li>a:hover{text-decoration:none}#cssmenu>ul>li.active>a{color:var(--mm-accent)!important}#cssmenu>ul>li>a .mm-i,#cssmenu>ul>li>a svg.mm-ico{width:20px;height:20px;color:var(--mm-accent);flex:none}#cssmenu .mm-tgl{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;position:absolute;top:9px;right:6px;width:34px;height:34px;padding:0;border:1px solid var(--mm-border);border-radius:9px;background:var(--card-bg);color:var(--muted-text);cursor:pointer;z-index:2}#cssmenu .mm-tgl svg{width:18px;height:18px;fill:currentColor;transition:transform var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease)}#cssmenu .mm-tgl:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--mm-accent);outline-offset:2px}#cssmenu li.mm-exp>.mm-tgl{color:var(--mm-accent);border-color:var(--mm-accent);background:var(--label-bg)}#cssmenu li.mm-exp>.mm-tgl svg{transform:rotate(180deg)}#cssmenu .mm-panel,#cssmenu ul ul{display:none;position:static!important;left:0;width:auto;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0 0 8px;padding:0 0 2px 14px;background:0 0!important;border:0;border-radius:0;box-shadow:none!important;opacity:1!important;visibility:visible!important;transform:none!important;pointer-events:auto!important;-webkit-backdrop-filter:none;backdrop-filter:none;height:auto!important;min-width:0}#cssmenu li.mm-exp>.mm-panel,#cssmenu li.mm-exp>ul{display:block;animation:mmAcc var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease)}#cssmenu li.mm-exp>.mm-panel .mm-list,#cssmenu li.mm-exp>.mm-panel ul{display:block!important}@keyframes mmAcc{from{opacity:0;transform:translateY(-5px)}to{opacity:1;transform:none}}#cssmenu ul ul li{width:100%;margin:0;position:relative;border:0!important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-light)!important;background:0 0!important}#cssmenu ul ul li:last-child{border-bottom:0!important}#cssmenu .mm-panel li a,#cssmenu ul ul li a{display:block;width:auto;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;padding:12px 46px 12px 6px;font-size:.86rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.5;color:var(--body-text)!important;border:0;border-radius:7px;white-space:normal;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:clip}#cssmenu .mm-panel li a:hover,#cssmenu ul ul li a:hover{color:var(--mm-accent)!important;text-decoration:none;background:0 0}#cssmenu ul ul li.has-sub>a::after{display:none}#cssmenu ul ul .mm-tgl{width:32px;height:32px;right:4px;top:7px}#cssmenu ul ul ul{padding-left:12px}#cssmenu .mm-grid{display:block;width:100%}#cssmenu .mm-col{margin:0;min-width:0}#cssmenu .mm-head{display:block;margin:0;padding:13px 6px 9px;font-size:.78rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.35;letter-spacing:.02em;text-transform:none;color:var(--heading-text);border-bottom:1px solid var(--mm-border)}#cssmenu .mm-list{margin:0;padding:0}#cssmenu .mm-panel .mm-list li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-light)!important}#cssmenu .mm-panel .mm-list li:last-child{border-bottom:0!important}#cssmenu .mm-panel li a{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:10px;padding:12px 8px 12px 14px}#cssmenu .mm-panel li a .mm-i,#cssmenu .mm-panel li a svg.mm-ico{width:16px;height:16px;margin-top:3px;color:var(--mm-accent)}#cssmenu ul ul li a{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:10px}#cssmenu ul ul li a .mm-i,#cssmenu ul ul li a svg.mm-ico{width:16px;height:16px;margin-top:3px;color:var(--mm-accent);flex:none}#cssmenu .mm-desc{font-size:.72rem}#cssmenu .mm-featured{box-sizing:border-box;max-width:100%;padding:13px;margin:12px 2px 12px 0;border:1px solid var(--mm-border);border-radius:12px;background:var(--label-bg)}#cssmenu .mm-card{display:block;text-decoration:none;color:inherit}#cssmenu .mm-card-thumb{display:block;position:relative;height:0;padding-top:52%;overflow:hidden;border-radius:9px;margin-bottom:9px;background:var(--secondary-bg)}#cssmenu .mm-card-thumb img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}#cssmenu .mm-card-title{display:block;font-size:.86rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;color:var(--heading-text)}#cssmenu .mm-card-text{display:block;margin-top:3px;font-size:.74rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--mm-muted)}#cssmenu .mm-cta{display:inline-block;margin-top:10px;padding:8px 16px;font-size:.74rem;font-weight:700;color:#fff!important;background:var(--mm-accent);border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none!important}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){#cssmenu .mm-card-thumb img,#cssmenu .mm-panel,#cssmenu .mm-tgl svg,#cssmenu ul ul,#cssmenu>ul,#cssmenu>ul>li.has-mega>a::after,#cssmenu>ul>li.has-sub>a::after,.mm-backdrop{transition:none!important;animation:none!important}}@media print{.mm-backdrop{display:none!important}}body#layout .header-navigasi-menu{width:100%;display:block}body#layout #header-navigasi-menu::before{content:"HEADER-NAVIGASI-MENU \2014 Pengaturan Mega Menu (klik Edit: aktif/nonaktif, lebar panel, kolom, animasi, warna, sticky)";position:static;display:block;background:#5e35b1;color:#fff;font-weight:700;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:1.4;padding:5px 10px;margin:0 0 5px;border-radius:4px;text-align:left}.header-navigasi-menu{display:none}#cssmenu .mm-panel{max-height:min(72vh,calc(100vh - var(--header-height) - 24px))}#badan-halaman{z-index:1}.footer-center{-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;max-width:var(--theme-width);margin:0 auto;padding:0 30px 44px}.footer-bottom-inner{-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;max-width:var(--theme-width);margin:0 auto;padding:20px 30px}@media only screen and (max-width:800px){.footer-center{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}.footer-bottom-inner{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.footer-center{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:32px}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px){.footer-center{padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}.footer-bottom-inner{padding-top:2px;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}}:root{--civilengineer-vf-color:#1d9bf0}[data-theme=dark]{--civilengineer-vf-color:#4db3f5}.civilengineer-author-vf{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;width:15px;height:15px;margin-left:5px;fill:var(--civilengineer-vf-color)}.post-info .author-info .civilengineer-author-vf{width:14px;height:14px;margin-left:5px;vertical-align:baseline}.author-profile .author-about .author-name .civilengineer-author-vf,.author-profile .author-name .civilengineer-author-vf{width:16px;height:16px;margin-left:6px;margin-bottom:1px}[data-theme=dark] .civilengineer-author-vf{fill:var(--civilengineer-vf-color)}@media print{.civilengineer-author-vf{display:none!important}}.FeaturedPost .featured-outer{margin:0 0 30px;clear:both}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-summary{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;overflow:hidden;background:var(--card-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:14px;box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-light);-webkit-transition:box-shadow .25s ease,border-color .25s ease,-webkit-transform .25s ease;transition:box-shadow .25s ease,border-color .25s ease,transform .25s ease}@media (hover:hover){.FeaturedPost .featured-post-summary:hover{-webkit-transform:translateY(-3px);transform:translateY(-3px);box-shadow:var(--box-shadow)}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-summary:hover .featured-post-img img{-webkit-transform:scale(1.05);transform:scale(1.05)}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-summary:hover h3 a{color:var(--link-color)}}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-img{position:relative;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 var(--fp-img-w,48%);flex:0 0 var(--fp-img-w,48%);max-width:var(--fp-img-w,48%);width:auto;height:auto;min-height:270px;padding-top:0;border-radius:0;overflow:hidden;background:var(--secondary-bg)}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-img a{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;display:block;z-index:2}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-img img{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;width:100%;height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;display:block;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .45s ease;transition:transform .45s ease}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-info{position:static;left:auto;right:auto;bottom:auto;z-index:auto;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;padding:26px 28px;background:0 0;border-radius:0}.FeaturedPost .fp-labels{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;margin:0 0 12px;position:relative;z-index:2}.FeaturedPost a.fp-label{display:inline-block;padding:4px 12px;font-size:.7rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link-color);background:var(--label-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease;transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease}.FeaturedPost a.fp-label:hover{background:var(--link-color);border-color:var(--link-color);color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.FeaturedPost .fp-labels{max-height:calc((1.6em + 10px) * 2 + 6px);overflow:hidden}.FeaturedPost a.fp-label{max-width:100%;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}@media (max-width:768px){.FeaturedPost .fp-labels{gap:5px;max-height:calc((1.6em + 8px) * 2 + 5px)}.FeaturedPost a.fp-label{padding:3px 10px;font-size:.66rem}}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-info h3{margin:0 0 10px;font-size:1.45rem;font-weight:800;line-height:1.3;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:3;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-info h3 a{color:var(--post-title-color);-webkit-transition:color .18s ease;transition:color .18s ease}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-info h3 a::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:1}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-info p{margin:0 0 18px;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.65;color:var(--muted-text);display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:3;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-info p .read-more-link{position:relative;z-index:2;font-weight:600;color:var(--link-color)}.FeaturedPost .fp-meta{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:6px 18px;margin-top:auto;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color);font-size:.78rem;color:var(--muted-text);position:relative;z-index:2}.FeaturedPost .fp-meta-item{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:6px;color:var(--muted-text);text-decoration:none}.FeaturedPost a.fp-meta-item:hover{color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none}.FeaturedPost .fp-meta svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:currentColor;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;opacity:.85}.FeaturedPost .fp-author{gap:5px}.FeaturedPost .fp-author-name{max-width:180px;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.FeaturedPost .fp-meta svg.civilengineer-author-vf,.grid-card-meta .meta-item svg.civilengineer-author-vf,.grid-card-meta svg.civilengineer-author-vf{width:14px;height:14px;margin-left:4px;opacity:1;fill:var(--civilengineer-vf-color)}.FeaturedPost.hide-author .fp-author{display:none}@media (max-width:480px){.FeaturedPost .fp-author-name{max-width:120px}}.grid-card-meta .meta-primary{-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px 14px}.grid-card-meta .meta-item{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:7px;min-width:0}.grid-card-meta .meta-author-name{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;max-width:140px}.blog-posts.is-grid.hide-author .grid-card-meta .meta-author,.civilengineer-trend-showcase.hide-author .grid-card-meta .meta-author{display:none}.grid-card-meta .meta-cmt{cursor:default}.grid-card-meta .meta-cmt-num{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;line-height:1}@media (max-width:560px){.grid-card-meta .meta-primary{gap:3px 10px}.grid-card-meta .meta-item{gap:5px}}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-summary.no-featured-img{display:block}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-summary.no-featured-img .featured-post-info{padding:24px 26px}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.FeaturedPost .featured-post-img img,.FeaturedPost .featured-post-summary{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none}}@media only screen and (max-width:900px){.FeaturedPost .featured-post-img{min-height:230px}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-info{padding:20px 22px}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-info h3{font-size:1.25rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.FeaturedPost .featured-post-summary{-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-img{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;max-width:100%;width:100%;min-height:0;padding-top:56.25%}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-info{padding:16px 16px 18px}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-info h3{font-size:1.15rem;-webkit-line-clamp:3}}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){.FeaturedPost .featured-post-summary{width:auto;max-width:none;margin:0}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-summary h3{font-size:1.1rem;margin:0 0 8px}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-img{border-radius:0}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-info{padding:14px 14px 16px}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-info p{font-size:.85rem;-webkit-line-clamp:2;margin-bottom:14px}}@media only screen and (max-width:320px){.FeaturedPost .featured-post-info{top:auto;bottom:auto}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-summary p{display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-summary h3{margin:0 0 8px}}@media (min-width:768px){.civilengineer-featured-grid{align-items:start}#FeaturedPost1{align-self:stretch}#PopularPosts2{align-self:stretch}#PopularPosts2 .civilengineer-trend-showcase{height:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:column}#PopularPosts2 .civilengineer-trend-list{flex:1 1 auto;justify-content:space-between;min-height:0}#PopularPosts2 .civilengineer-hp-section{margin-bottom:0}#PopularPosts2 .widget-content{margin-bottom:0}#Blog1{margin-top:clamp(12px,1.5vw,20px)}#FeaturedPost1 .featured-outer{margin-bottom:0;height:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:column}#FeaturedPost1 .featured-post-summary,#FeaturedPost1 .featured-post-summary.no-featured-img{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:1 1 auto;min-height:0}#FeaturedPost1 .featured-post-img{flex:1 1 auto;max-width:none;width:100%;height:auto;min-height:220px;padding-top:0;align-self:auto}#FeaturedPost1 .featured-post-info{flex:0 0 auto;align-self:auto;padding:18px 22px 20px}#FeaturedPost1 .fp-labels{margin-bottom:10px}#FeaturedPost1 .featured-post-info h3{margin-bottom:8px;font-size:1.35rem;-webkit-line-clamp:2}#FeaturedPost1 .featured-post-info p{margin-bottom:14px;-webkit-line-clamp:2}#PopularPosts2 .popular-post-item{gap:14px}#PopularPosts2 .popular-post-thumb{flex-basis:88px;width:88px;height:88px}}#FeaturedPost1 .fp-meta{margin-top:0}@media (min-width:768px){#FeaturedPost1 .fp-meta{margin-top:auto;padding-top:12px}}#FeaturedPost1 .fp-read-more{position:relative;z-index:2;margin-top:10px;font-size:.82rem;line-height:1.4}#FeaturedPost1 .fp-read-more .read-more-link{color:var(--link-color);font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}#FeaturedPost1 .fp-read-more .read-more-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}@media (min-width:992px){#FeaturedPost1 .featured-post-img{min-height:320px}}.comments-threaded cite.user{margin-right:4px}.comments-threaded .icon.blog-author{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;font-size:0;color:transparent}.comments-threaded .icon.blog-author::after{content:"";display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:15px;height:15px;margin:0 0 2px 1px;padding:0;border-radius:0;font-size:0;color:transparent;background:var(--civilengineer-vf-color);-webkit-mask:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M22.5 12l-2.28-2.61.32-3.44-3.38-.77-1.77-2.98L12 3.51 8.61 2.2 6.84 5.18l-3.38.76.32 3.44L1.5 12l2.28 2.61-.32 3.45 3.38.76 1.77 2.98L12 20.49l3.39 1.31 1.77-2.98 3.38-.76-.32-3.45L22.5 12zm-12.02 4.44l-3.6-3.6 1.41-1.42 2.19 2.19 5.46-5.46 1.41 1.42-6.87 6.87z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center/contain no-repeat;mask:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M22.5 12l-2.28-2.61.32-3.44-3.38-.77-1.77-2.98L12 3.51 8.61 2.2 6.84 5.18l-3.38.76.32 3.44L1.5 12l2.28 2.61-.32 3.45 3.38.76 1.77 2.98L12 20.49l3.39 1.31 1.77-2.98 3.38-.76-.32-3.45L22.5 12zm-12.02 4.44l-3.6-3.6 1.41-1.42 2.19 2.19 5.46-5.46 1.41 1.42-6.87 6.87z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center/contain no-repeat}@supports not ((-webkit-mask:url("#x")) or (mask:url("#x"))){.comments-threaded .icon.blog-author{font-size:.6875rem;line-height:normal;color:var(--author-badge-text)}.comments-threaded .icon.blog-author::after{content:"author";width:auto;height:auto;padding:2px 6px;margin:0;border-radius:10px;font-size:.6875rem;background:var(--author-badge-bg);color:var(--author-badge-text)}}.comments .civilengineer-author-vf,.comments-non-threaded .civilengineer-author-vf,.comments-threaded .civilengineer-author-vf{width:15px;height:15px;margin-left:4px;margin-bottom:1px;vertical-align:middle}.comments-non-threaded #comments-block .comment-block .comment-author .comment-author-name{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:0}[data-theme=dark] .comments-threaded .icon.blog-author::after{background:var(--civilengineer-vf-color)}@media print{.comments-threaded .icon.blog-author{display:none!important}}:root{--civilengineer-top-h:84px;--civilengineer-top-h-c:56px;--civilengineer-logo-h:48px;--civilengineer-logo-h-c:34px;--civilengineer-act-gap:4px;--civilengineer-hdr-total:var(--header-height);--civilengineer-desc-lines:2;--civilengineer-desc-lh:1.45;--civilengineer-desc-max:38px}.header .header-logo{display:inline-block;max-width:100%}.header #header-inner img,.header .header-logo img{max-height:var(--header-height);max-width:100%;width:auto;height:auto;display:block;padding:6px 0;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}#wrapper{padding-top:calc(var(--civilengineer-hdr-total) + 30px)}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-cf-li{display:none}@media screen and (min-width:801px){:root{--civilengineer-hdr-total:calc(var(--civilengineer-top-h) + var(--header-height))}#header-container{height:auto}#header-wrapper{position:relative}.civilengineer-topbar{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;height:var(--civilengineer-top-h);-webkit-transition:height .3s ease;transition:height .3s ease}.header{position:static;float:none;max-width:none;margin:0;overflow:visible;white-space:normal;text-overflow:clip;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;height:100%}.header .widget{width:100%;min-width:0}.header #header-inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);grid-template-areas:"title" "desc";-ms-flex-line-pack:center;align-content:center;row-gap:1px;column-gap:14px;height:auto;min-width:0}.header .titlewrapper{grid-area:title;min-width:0;overflow:hidden}.header .descriptionwrapper{grid-area:desc;min-width:0;overflow:hidden;max-height:var(--civilengineer-desc-max);opacity:1;-webkit-transition:max-height .3s ease,opacity .25s ease;transition:max-height .3s ease,opacity .25s ease}.header.civilengineer-nodesc .descriptionwrapper{display:none}.header h1.title,.header h2.title{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.4px;line-height:1.22;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;max-width:100%;-webkit-transition:font-size .3s ease;transition:font-size .3s ease}.header .description{display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:var(--civilengineer-desc-lines);-webkit-box-orient:vertical;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:.78rem;line-height:var(--civilengineer-desc-lh);color:var(--muted-text);white-space:normal;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:clip;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;max-width:100%}.header #header-inner{position:relative}.header #header-inner img,.header .header-logo img{max-height:var(--civilengineer-logo-h);padding:0;border-radius:8px;-webkit-transition:max-height .3s ease;transition:max-height .3s ease}.header #header-inner.has-logo{grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr);grid-template-areas:"logo title" "logo desc"}.header .header-logo{grid-area:logo;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center}.header #header-inner.ip-behind{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);grid-template-areas:"title" "desc"}.header #header-inner.ip-behind .header-logo,.header #header-inner.ip-behind img{display:none!important}.header #header-inner.ip-behind .descriptionwrapper,.header #header-inner.ip-behind .titlewrapper{position:relative;z-index:1}.header #header-inner.ip-replace{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);grid-template-areas:"logo"}.header #header-inner.ip-replace .descriptionwrapper{display:none}.header #header-inner.ip-beforedesc{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);grid-template-areas:"logo" "desc";row-gap:4px}.header #header-inner.ip-beforedesc .header-logo{justify-self:start}.header #header-inner.ip-beforedesc .titlewrapper,.header #header-inner.ip-replace .titlewrapper{grid-area:unset;position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);white-space:nowrap;border:0}.civilengineer-hdr-actions{position:static;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;gap:var(--civilengineer-act-gap)}.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-cf-wrap,.civilengineer-hdr-actions .darkmode-toggle,.civilengineer-hdr-actions .lang-switch,.civilengineer-hdr-actions .search-bar-wrap{position:relative;top:auto;right:auto;left:auto;bottom:auto;-webkit-transform:none;transform:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.civilengineer-hdr-actions .lang-switch{z-index:101}.civilengineer-hdr-actions #darkmode-btn,.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-cf-btn,.civilengineer-hdr-actions .lang-btn{width:44px;height:44px;min-width:44px;min-height:44px;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:12px;color:var(--header-text);-webkit-transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease;transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease}.civilengineer-hdr-actions #darkmode-btn:hover,.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-cf-btn:hover,.civilengineer-hdr-actions .lang-btn:hover{background:var(--menu-hover-bg);opacity:1}.civilengineer-hdr-actions #darkmode-btn:focus-visible,.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-cf-btn:focus-visible,.civilengineer-hdr-actions .lang-btn:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:2px}.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-fs,.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-ww,.civilengineer-hdr-actions .lang-switch{height:44px}.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-dm-menu,.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-fs-menu,.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-ww-menu,.civilengineer-hdr-actions .lang-menu{top:calc(100% + 6px);right:0}.navmenu{border-top:1px solid var(--header-hairline,var(--border-color))}#cssmenu{margin-right:0}#cssmenu>ul{-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}#cssmenu>ul>li>a{padding:0 14px}#cssmenu>ul>li:first-child>a{padding-left:0}#cssmenu>ul>li:first-child>a::before{left:0!important;right:auto!important}#cssmenu .mm-panel{max-height:min(72vh,calc(100vh - var(--civilengineer-hdr-total) - 24px))}#sidebar-wrapper .sidebar-sticky{top:calc(var(--civilengineer-top-h-c) + var(--header-height) + 20px)}.civilengineer-toc--sidebar{top:calc(var(--civilengineer-top-h-c) + var(--header-height) + 24px)}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-compact .civilengineer-topbar{height:var(--civilengineer-top-h-c)}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-compact .header .descriptionwrapper{max-height:0;opacity:0}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-compact .header #header-inner img,#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-compact .header .header-logo img{max-height:var(--civilengineer-logo-h-c)}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-compact .header h1.title,#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-compact .header h2.title{font-size:1.2rem}}.civilengineer-navrow{min-width:0}.civilengineer-navbrand{display:none}@media screen and (min-width:801px){.civilengineer-navrow{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;min-width:0}.civilengineer-navrow #cssmenu{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0}.civilengineer-navbrand{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:8px;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;max-width:0;margin-right:0;height:var(--header-height);overflow:hidden;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none;-webkit-transform:translateX(-8px);transform:translateX(-8px);text-decoration:none;color:var(--header-text);-webkit-transition:max-width .3s ease,margin-right .3s ease,opacity .25s ease,-webkit-transform .3s ease;transition:max-width .3s ease,margin-right .3s ease,opacity .25s ease,transform .3s ease}.civilengineer-navbrand:focus,.civilengineer-navbrand:hover{text-decoration:none;color:var(--header-text)}.civilengineer-navbrand:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:2px;border-radius:8px}.civilengineer-navbrand-img{display:none;max-height:calc(var(--header-height) - 16px);width:auto;height:auto;border-radius:6px}.civilengineer-navbrand-text{display:block;font-weight:800;font-size:1.02rem;letter-spacing:-.2px;line-height:1.2;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;max-width:240px;color:var(--header-text)}.civilengineer-navbrand.has-img .civilengineer-navbrand-img{display:block}.civilengineer-navbrand.has-img .civilengineer-navbrand-text{display:none}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim .civilengineer-topbar{height:0;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transform:translateY(-6px);transform:translateY(-6px);-webkit-transition:height .3s ease,opacity .2s ease,-webkit-transform .3s ease;transition:height .3s ease,opacity .2s ease,transform .3s ease,visibility 0s linear .3s}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim .navmenu{border-top-color:transparent}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim .civilengineer-topbar,.civilengineer-navbrand{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none}}.mm-nosticky #header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim .civilengineer-topbar{height:var(--civilengineer-top-h);opacity:1;visibility:visible;-webkit-transform:none;transform:none}.mm-nosticky .civilengineer-navbrand{display:none!important}@media screen and (min-width:801px){.civilengineer-hdr-actions .search-bar-inner{border:1px solid var(--border-color);background:var(--body-bg);border-radius:999px;height:40px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden}.civilengineer-hdr-actions .search-bar-inner:focus-within{border-color:var(--link-color);background:var(--body-bg);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(51,102,204,.15);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(51,102,204,.15)}[data-theme=dark] .civilengineer-hdr-actions .search-bar-inner:focus-within{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(111,168,220,.18);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(111,168,220,.18)}.civilengineer-hdr-actions .search-bar-wrap .search-bar-form,.civilengineer-hdr-actions .search-bar-wrap.open .search-bar-form{width:230px;pointer-events:auto}.civilengineer-hdr-actions .search-bar-btn{height:100%;min-width:40px;border-radius:0;background:0 0;border-left:none;margin-right:0}#header-wrapper.search-open .civilengineer-cf-wrap,#header-wrapper.search-open .darkmode-toggle,#header-wrapper.search-open .lang-switch,#header-wrapper:has(.search-bar-wrap.open) .civilengineer-cf-wrap,#header-wrapper:has(.search-bar-wrap.open) .darkmode-toggle,#header-wrapper:has(.search-bar-wrap.open) .lang-switch{opacity:1;visibility:visible;pointer-events:auto}}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.civilengineer-hdr-actions .search-bar-wrap .search-bar-form,.civilengineer-hdr-actions .search-bar-wrap.open .search-bar-form{transition:width .35s cubic-bezier(.4, 0, .2, 1)}.civilengineer-hdr-actions .search-bar-wrap .search-bar-inner:focus-within .search-bar-form,.civilengineer-hdr-actions .search-bar-wrap:hover .search-bar-form{width:300px}}:root{--civilengineer-fs:1}html[data-fs=small]{--civilengineer-fs:.92}html[data-fs=large]{--civilengineer-fs:1.14}.civilengineer-fs{display:none;position:relative}@media screen and (min-width:801px){.civilengineer-fs{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}}@media screen and (min-width:801px){.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-fs{z-index:101}.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-fs-btn{width:44px;height:44px;min-width:44px;min-height:44px;border-radius:50%}}.civilengineer-fs-btn{background:0 0;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;cursor:pointer;color:var(--header-text);width:24px;height:24px;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-transition:opacity .2s;transition:opacity .2s;outline:0}.civilengineer-fs-btn:hover{opacity:.75}.civilengineer-fs-btn svg{width:22px;height:22px;fill:currentColor;display:block}.civilengineer-fs-menu{position:absolute;z-index:102;top:calc(100% + 12px);right:0;min-width:190px;padding:6px;background:var(--submenu-glass,var(--submenu-bg));-webkit-backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);border:1px solid var(--header-hairline,var(--border-color));border-radius:12px;box-shadow:var(--header-shadow-scroll,var(--box-shadow));opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none;-webkit-transform:translateY(6px) scale(.98);transform:translateY(6px) scale(.98);-webkit-transform-origin:top right;transform-origin:top right;-webkit-transition:opacity .2s ease,-webkit-transform .2s ease;transition:opacity .2s ease,transform .2s ease,visibility .2s ease}@supports not ((-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(1px)) or (backdrop-filter:blur(1px))){.civilengineer-fs-menu{background:var(--submenu-bg)}}.civilengineer-fs.open .civilengineer-fs-menu{opacity:1;visibility:visible;pointer-events:auto;-webkit-transform:translateY(0) scale(1);transform:translateY(0) scale(1)}.civilengineer-fs-opt{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:10px;width:100%;padding:9px 12px;border:0;border-radius:9px;background:0 0;font:inherit;font-size:.875rem;color:var(--body-text);text-align:left;cursor:pointer}.civilengineer-fs-opt:focus-visible,.civilengineer-fs-opt:hover{outline:0;background:var(--menu-hover-bg)}.civilengineer-fs-dot{-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;width:16px;height:16px;border-radius:50%;border:2px solid var(--border-color);position:relative;-webkit-transition:border-color .15s ease;transition:border-color .15s ease}.civilengineer-fs-opt[aria-checked=true] .civilengineer-fs-dot{border-color:var(--link-color)}.civilengineer-fs-opt[aria-checked=true] .civilengineer-fs-dot::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;width:8px;height:8px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--link-color);-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}.civilengineer-fs-opt[aria-checked=true] .civilengineer-fs-label{color:var(--link-color);font-weight:600}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-fs-li{display:none!important}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-fs-li .civilengineer-fs-mobile{padding:10px 20px 14px}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-fs-li .civilengineer-fs-mobile-title{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:10px;margin-bottom:8px;font-weight:700;font-size:.875rem;color:var(--link-color)}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-fs-li .civilengineer-fs-mobile-title svg{width:20px;height:20px;fill:currentColor}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-fs-li .civilengineer-fs-opt{color:var(--body-text)}@media only screen and (max-width:800px){.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-fs{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;position:absolute;top:calc(50% - 18px);right:92px;z-index:102;-webkit-transition:opacity .25s ease,visibility .25s ease;transition:opacity .25s ease,visibility .25s ease;--civilengineer-anchor-width:36px}.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-fs-btn{width:36px;height:36px;min-width:36px;min-height:36px;border-radius:12px;color:var(--header-text);-ms-touch-action:manipulation;touch-action:manipulation;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;-webkit-transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease,opacity .2s;transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease,opacity .2s}.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-fs-btn:hover{background:var(--menu-hover-bg);opacity:1}.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-fs-btn:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:2px}.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-fs-btn svg{width:20px;height:20px}.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-fs-menu{top:calc(100% + 8px);right:0;min-width:176px}.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-dm-menu{top:calc(100% + 8px)}#header-wrapper.search-open .civilengineer-fs{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none}#header-wrapper.search-open .civilengineer-fs-menu{opacity:0!important;visibility:hidden!important;pointer-events:none!important}#header-wrapper:has(.search-bar-wrap.open) .civilengineer-fs{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none}#header-wrapper:has(.search-bar-wrap.open) .civilengineer-fs-menu{opacity:0!important;visibility:hidden!important;pointer-events:none!important}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px){.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-fs{right:87px}}html[data-width-mode=wide]{--theme-width:min(96vw, 1900px)}.civilengineer-ww{display:none;position:relative}@media screen and (min-width:801px){.civilengineer-ww{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}}@media screen and (min-width:801px){.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-ww{z-index:101}.civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-ww-btn{width:44px;height:44px;min-width:44px;min-height:44px;border-radius:50%}}.civilengineer-ww-btn{background:0 0;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;cursor:pointer;color:var(--header-text);width:24px;height:24px;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-transition:opacity .2s;transition:opacity .2s;outline:0}.civilengineer-ww-btn:hover{opacity:.75}.civilengineer-ww-btn svg{width:22px;height:22px;fill:currentColor;display:block}.civilengineer-ww-menu{position:absolute;z-index:102;top:calc(100% + 12px);right:0;min-width:190px;padding:6px;background:var(--submenu-glass,var(--submenu-bg));-webkit-backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);border:1px solid var(--header-hairline,var(--border-color));border-radius:12px;box-shadow:var(--header-shadow-scroll,var(--box-shadow));opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none;-webkit-transform:translateY(6px) scale(.98);transform:translateY(6px) scale(.98);-webkit-transform-origin:top right;transform-origin:top right;-webkit-transition:opacity .2s ease,-webkit-transform .2s ease;transition:opacity .2s ease,transform .2s ease,visibility .2s ease}@supports not ((-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(1px)) or (backdrop-filter:blur(1px))){.civilengineer-ww-menu{background:var(--submenu-bg)}}.civilengineer-ww.open .civilengineer-ww-menu{opacity:1;visibility:visible;pointer-events:auto;-webkit-transform:translateY(0) scale(1);transform:translateY(0) scale(1)}.civilengineer-ww-opt{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:10px;width:100%;padding:9px 12px;border:0;border-radius:9px;background:0 0;font:inherit;font-size:.875rem;color:var(--body-text);text-align:left;cursor:pointer}.civilengineer-ww-opt:focus-visible,.civilengineer-ww-opt:hover{outline:0;background:var(--menu-hover-bg)}.civilengineer-ww-dot{-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;width:16px;height:16px;border-radius:50%;border:2px solid var(--border-color);position:relative;-webkit-transition:border-color .15s ease;transition:border-color .15s ease}.civilengineer-ww-opt[aria-checked=true] .civilengineer-ww-dot{border-color:var(--link-color)}.civilengineer-ww-opt[aria-checked=true] .civilengineer-ww-dot::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;width:8px;height:8px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--link-color);-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}.civilengineer-ww-opt[aria-checked=true] .civilengineer-ww-label{color:var(--link-color);font-weight:600}.civilengineer-dm-menu{position:absolute;z-index:102;top:calc(100% + 12px);right:0;min-width:170px;padding:6px;background:var(--submenu-glass,var(--submenu-bg));-webkit-backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);border:1px solid var(--header-hairline,var(--border-color));border-radius:12px;box-shadow:var(--header-shadow-scroll,var(--box-shadow));opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none;-webkit-transform:translateY(6px) scale(.98);transform:translateY(6px) scale(.98);-webkit-transform-origin:top right;transform-origin:top right;-webkit-transition:opacity .2s ease,-webkit-transform .2s ease;transition:opacity .2s ease,transform .2s ease,visibility .2s ease}@supports not ((-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(1px)) or (backdrop-filter:blur(1px))){.civilengineer-dm-menu{background:var(--submenu-bg)}}.darkmode-toggle.open .civilengineer-dm-menu{opacity:1;visibility:visible;pointer-events:auto;-webkit-transform:translateY(0) scale(1);transform:translateY(0) scale(1)}.civilengineer-dm-opt{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:10px;width:100%;padding:9px 12px;border:0;border-radius:9px;background:0 0;font:inherit;font-size:.875rem;color:var(--body-text);text-align:left;cursor:pointer}.civilengineer-dm-opt:focus-visible,.civilengineer-dm-opt:hover{outline:0;background:var(--menu-hover-bg)}.civilengineer-dm-dot{-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;width:16px;height:16px;border-radius:50%;border:2px solid var(--border-color);position:relative;-webkit-transition:border-color .15s ease;transition:border-color .15s ease}.civilengineer-dm-opt[aria-checked=true] .civilengineer-dm-dot{border-color:var(--link-color)}.civilengineer-dm-opt[aria-checked=true] .civilengineer-dm-dot::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;width:8px;height:8px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--link-color);-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}.civilengineer-dm-opt[aria-checked=true] .civilengineer-dm-label{color:var(--link-color);font-weight:600}.civilengineer-cf-btn{background:0 0;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;cursor:pointer;color:var(--header-text);width:24px;height:24px;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-transition:opacity .2s;transition:opacity .2s;outline:0}.civilengineer-cf-btn:hover{opacity:.75}.civilengineer-cf-btn svg{width:22px;height:22px;fill:currentColor;display:block}.civilengineer-cf-wrap{display:none}@media screen and (min-width:801px){.civilengineer-cf-wrap{display:block}}@media screen and (max-width:800px){#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-cf-li{display:block}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-cf-li>a{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:10px;font-weight:700;color:var(--link-color)!important}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-cf-li>a svg{width:18px;height:18px;fill:currentColor;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}}.lang-btn-text{display:none}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-lang-li{display:none}@media screen and (max-width:800px){.civilengineer-hdr-actions .lang-switch{display:none!important}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-lang-li{display:block}}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-lang-li .lang-switch{position:static;top:auto;right:auto;bottom:auto;left:auto;z-index:auto;display:block;width:100%;opacity:1!important;visibility:visible!important;pointer-events:auto!important;-webkit-transform:none;transform:none}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-lang-li .lang-btn{width:100%;height:auto;min-height:0;gap:12px;padding:15px 4px;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:.92rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;color:var(--link-color)}[dir=rtl] #cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-lang-li .lang-btn{text-align:right}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-lang-li .lang-btn:hover{opacity:1}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-lang-li .lang-btn svg{width:20px;height:20px;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-lang-li .lang-btn-text{display:block;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-lang-li .lang-btn-code{display:inline-block;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:999px;font-size:.6875rem;background:var(--label-bg);color:var(--body-text)}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-lang-li .lang-btn::after{content:"";width:16px;height:16px;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;background-color:currentColor;-webkit-mask:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M7.4 8.6 12 13.2l4.6-4.6L18 10l-6 6-6-6z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center/contain no-repeat;mask:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M7.4 8.6 12 13.2l4.6-4.6L18 10l-6 6-6-6z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center/contain no-repeat;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .2s ease;transition:transform .2s ease}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-lang-li .lang-switch.open .lang-btn::after{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-lang-li .lang-menu{position:static;display:none;width:100%;min-width:0;margin:0;padding:0 0 10px;background:0 0;-webkit-backdrop-filter:none;backdrop-filter:none;border:0;border-radius:0;box-shadow:none;max-height:48vh;overflow-y:auto;opacity:1;visibility:visible;pointer-events:auto;-webkit-transform:none;transform:none;-webkit-transition:none;transition:none}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-lang-li .lang-menu::before{display:none}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-lang-li .lang-switch.open .lang-menu{display:block;opacity:1!important;visibility:visible!important;pointer-events:auto!important}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-lang-li .lang-opt{color:var(--body-text)}.civilengineer-cf{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:100002;display:none}.civilengineer-cf.open{display:block}.civilengineer-cf-back{position:absolute;inset:0;background:rgba(15,17,20,.6);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(4px);backdrop-filter:blur(4px);opacity:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .25s ease;transition:opacity .25s ease}.civilengineer-cf.show .civilengineer-cf-back{opacity:1}.civilengineer-cf-panel{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-46%);transform:translate(-50%,-46%);width:calc(100% - 32px);max-width:520px;max-height:88vh;overflow-y:auto;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--card-bg);color:var(--body-text);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:16px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 24px 70px rgba(0,0,0,.42);box-shadow:0 24px 70px rgba(0,0,0,.42);padding:26px 24px 22px;opacity:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .25s ease,-webkit-transform .25s ease;transition:opacity .25s ease,transform .25s ease}.civilengineer-cf.show .civilengineer-cf-panel{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}.civilengineer-cf-close{position:absolute;top:12px;right:12px;width:36px;height:36px;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;border:none;border-radius:50%;background:0 0;color:var(--muted-text);cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:background .18s ease;transition:background .18s ease}.civilengineer-cf-close:hover{background:var(--menu-hover-bg);color:var(--body-text)}.civilengineer-cf-close svg{width:20px;height:20px;fill:currentColor}.civilengineer-cf .widget{margin:0}.civilengineer-cf-title{margin:0 0 4px;font-size:1.15rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--heading-text);padding-right:40px}.civilengineer-cf-sub{margin:0 0 16px;font-size:.82rem;line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted-text)}.civilengineer-cf form{margin:0}.civilengineer-cf .civilengineer-cf-lbl{display:block;margin:0 0 5px;font-size:.78rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.02em;color:var(--heading-text)}.civilengineer-cf .contact-form-email,.civilengineer-cf .contact-form-name{max-width:100%;width:100%;height:42px;margin:0 0 14px;border-radius:9px;border:1px solid var(--border-color);background:var(--input-bg);color:inherit}.civilengineer-cf .contact-form-email-message{width:100%;max-width:100%;margin:0 0 4px;border-radius:9px;border:1px solid var(--border-color);background:var(--input-bg);color:inherit}.civilengineer-cf .contact-form-email-message:focus,.civilengineer-cf .contact-form-email:focus,.civilengineer-cf .contact-form-name:focus{border-color:var(--link-color);outline:0;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(51,102,204,.15)}[data-theme=dark] .civilengineer-cf .contact-form-email-message:focus,[data-theme=dark] .civilengineer-cf .contact-form-email:focus,[data-theme=dark] .civilengineer-cf .contact-form-name:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(111,168,220,.18)}.civilengineer-cf .contact-form-email-message.invalid,.civilengineer-cf .contact-form-email.invalid,.civilengineer-cf .contact-form-name.invalid{border-color:#d9534f;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(217,83,79,.14)}.civilengineer-cf-recaptcha-wrap{margin:4px 0 16px;max-width:100%}@media (max-width:480px){.civilengineer-cf-recaptcha-wrap{width:244px;min-height:63px;overflow:visible}.civilengineer-cf-recaptcha-wrap .g-recaptcha{-webkit-transform:scale(.8);transform:scale(.8);-webkit-transform-origin:0 0;transform-origin:0 0}.fnl-recaptcha-wrap{width:244px;min-height:63px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:visible}.fnl-recaptcha-wrap .g-recaptcha{-webkit-transform:scale(.8);transform:scale(.8);-webkit-transform-origin:0 0;transform-origin:0 0}}@media (max-width:380px){.civilengineer-cf-recaptcha-wrap,.fnl-recaptcha-wrap{width:213px;min-height:55px}.civilengineer-cf-recaptcha-wrap .g-recaptcha,.fnl-recaptcha-wrap .g-recaptcha{-webkit-transform:scale(.7);transform:scale(.7)}}.civilengineer-cf .contact-form-button{width:100%;margin:16px 0 0;padding:12px 20px;border-radius:9px;background:var(--link-color);color:#fff;font-weight:700;font-size:.85rem;border:none;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:opacity .18s ease;transition:opacity .18s ease}.civilengineer-cf .contact-form-button:hover{opacity:.9}.civilengineer-cf .contact-form-error-message,.civilengineer-cf .contact-form-error-message-with-border,.civilengineer-cf .contact-form-success-message,.civilengineer-cf .contact-form-success-message-with-border{margin:12px 0 0;max-width:100%;width:100%;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.civilengineer-cf .swajib{color:#e85e5e;font-weight:700}body.civilengineer-cf-lock{overflow:hidden}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.civilengineer-cf-back,.civilengineer-cf-panel{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none}#cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-lang-li .lang-menu-scroll{max-height:48vh;overflow-y:auto;border-radius:0}.civilengineer-topbar,.header #header-inner,.header .descriptionwrapper,.header h1.title,.header h2.title{-webkit-transition:none!important;transition:none!important}.header #header-inner{-webkit-transform:none!important;transform:none!important}}@media (max-width:520px){.civilengineer-cf-panel{padding:22px 18px 18px;max-height:92vh}}.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-custom,.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-custom div,.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-custom li,.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-custom p,.footer-desc{white-space:normal!important;overflow:visible!important;text-overflow:clip!important;-webkit-line-clamp:none!important;max-height:none!important;height:auto!important;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word}.footer-desc{max-width:520px;line-height:1.65;margin:12px 0 0}.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-custom{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.65;color:var(--muted-text)}.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-custom img,.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-img{max-height:64px;width:auto;height:auto;display:block;margin-bottom:25px}.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-link{display:inline-block;max-width:100%}.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-img+.footer-logo-link{margin-top:2px}.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-text{display:inline-block;font-weight:700;font-size:1.05rem;color:var(--footer-text)}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.footer-desc{max-width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-custom{text-align:center}.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-custom img,.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-img{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}[dir=rtl] body{text-align:right}[dir=rtl] .post-body,[dir=rtl] .post-body-artikel{text-align:right}[dir=rtl] .header{float:none}[dir=rtl] #cssmenu{text-align:right}[dir=rtl] #cssmenu>ul>li{float:right}[dir=rtl] #cssmenu ul ul{left:auto;right:0;text-align:right}[dir=rtl] #cssmenu ul ul ul{margin-left:0;margin-right:100%}[dir=rtl] #cssmenu>ul>li:first-child>a{padding-left:14px;padding-right:0}[dir=rtl] .button{left:auto;right:20px}[dir=rtl] #back-to-top{right:auto;left:20px}[dir=rtl] .img-thumbnail-wrap{float:right}[dir=rtl] .info-1,[dir=rtl] .post-snippet,[dir=rtl] h2.post-title{margin-left:0;margin-right:42%}[dir=rtl] #sidebar-wrapper li{border-left:none;border-right:5px solid var(--border-color);padding:0 6px 0 0}[dir=rtl] .PopularPosts .popular-post-thumbnail{float:right;margin-right:0;margin-left:10px}[dir=rtl] .PopularPosts .popular-card:hover{transform:translateX(-2px)}[dir=rtl] .comments-threaded .comment .avatar-image-container{float:right}[dir=rtl] .comments-threaded .comment-block{margin-left:0;margin-right:45px}[dir=rtl] .comments-threaded .comment-replies{margin:10px 45px 10px 0}[dir=rtl] .comments-threaded cite.user{margin-right:0;margin-left:8px}[dir=rtl] .post-body .inline-related-posts-wrap{border-left:none;border-right:5px solid var(--inline-related-posts-border);padding:0 15px 0 0}[dir=rtl] .bj-head svg,[dir=rtl] .civilengineer-toc__icon{margin-left:0}[dir=rtl] .breadcrumbs .bc-sep{transform:rotate(135deg)}[dir=rtl] .post-info.info-3 .author-info::before,[dir=rtl] .post-info.info-3 .comment-info::before,[dir=rtl] .post-info.info-3 .time-info::before,[dir=rtl] .reading-time-info::before{margin-right:0;margin-left:6px}[dir=rtl] .post-nav-link{grid-column:2}[dir=rtl] .post-nav-newer{grid-column:1;justify-content:flex-start;text-align:right}[dir=rtl] .footer-links li a{flex-direction:row-reverse}[dir=rtl] .fnl-accent,[dir=rtl] .footer-col-title::after{margin-left:auto;margin-right:0}[dir=rtl] .fnl-join{padding:4px 0 4px 5px}[dir=rtl] .fnl-input{padding:9px 18px 9px 6px}[dir=rtl] .civilengineer-cc{left:16px!important;right:auto!important;margin:0}[dir=rtl] .civilengineer-cc-fab{left:16px!important;right:auto!important}[dir=rtl] .civilengineer-toc li>a{border-left:none;border-right:2px solid transparent;padding:6px 10px 6px 8px}[dir=rtl] .civilengineer-toc li.is-active>a{border-right-color:var(--civilengineer-accent)}[dir=rtl] .civilengineer-progress{left:auto;right:0;border-radius:3px 0 0 3px}[dir=rtl] .civilengineer-lb-prev{left:auto;right:14px}[dir=rtl] .civilengineer-lb-next{right:auto;left:14px}[dir=rtl] .civilengineer-lb-close{right:auto;left:14px}[dir=rtl] .civilengineer-lb-count{left:auto;right:20px}[dir=rtl] .lang-menu{right:auto;left:0;transform-origin:top left}[dir=rtl] .blog-posts.is-grid .info-1,[dir=rtl] .blog-posts.is-grid .post-snippet,[dir=rtl] .blog-posts.is-grid h2.post-title{margin-right:0}@media screen and (max-width:800px){[dir=rtl] .header{left:70px;right:70px}[dir=rtl] #cssmenu ul li a{text-align:right}[dir=rtl] .button{left:auto;right:20px}}[data-theme=dark] .adsbygoogle,[data-theme=dark] .google-auto-placed,[data-theme=dark] .iklan-atas .widget-content,[data-theme=dark] .iklan-atas-artikel,[data-theme=dark] .iklan-bawah .widget-content,[data-theme=dark] .iklan-bawah-artikel,[data-theme=dark] .iklan-tengah-artikel,[data-theme=dark] .iklan-tengah1 .widget-content,[data-theme=dark] .iklan-tengah2 .widget-content{background-color:var(--card-bg);color-scheme:dark}[data-theme=dark] ins.adsbygoogle{background-color:transparent}[data-theme=dark] ins.adsbygoogle[data-ad-status=unfilled]{display:none!important}.footer-social a[data-p=threads i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M17.1%2011.2c-.1%200-.2-.1-.3-.1-.2-3.2-1.9-5-4.8-5.1h-.1c-1.7%200-3.2.7-4%202.1l1.6%201.1c.6-1%201.6-1.2%202.4-1.2%201%200%201.7.3%202.1.9.3.4.6%201%20.7%201.7-.9-.2-1.8-.2-2.9-.2-2.9.2-4.7%201.9-4.6%204.2%200%201.2.7%202.2%201.7%202.8.9.5%202%20.8%203.1.7%201.5-.1%202.7-.7%203.5-1.7.6-.8%201-1.8%201.2-3%20.7.4%201.2%201%201.5%201.7.5%201.1.5%203-1%204.5-1.3%201.3-2.9%201.9-5.3%201.9-2.7%200-4.7-.9-6-2.6-1.2-1.6-1.8-3.9-1.9-6.8.1-2.9.7-5.2%201.9-6.8%201.3-1.7%203.3-2.6%206-2.6%202.7%200%204.8.9%206.1%202.6.7.9%201.2%201.9%201.5%203.2l1.9-.5c-.4-1.6-1-3-1.9-4.1C17.6%201.1%2015%200%2011.9%200h-.1C8.7%200%206.2%201.1%204.5%203.3%203%205.2%202.2%207.9%202.2%2011.9v.1c0%204%20.8%206.7%202.3%208.6C6.2%2022.9%208.7%2024%2011.8%2024h.1c2.8%200%204.7-.7%206.3-2.4%202.1-2.1%202-4.7%201.3-6.3-.5-1.1-1.4-2-2.4-2.6zm-4.9%204.3c-1.2.1-2.5-.5-2.6-1.7-.1-.9.6-1.9%202.7-2h.6c.7%200%201.4.1%202%20.2-.2%202.8-1.6%203.4-2.7%203.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M17.1%2011.2c-.1%200-.2-.1-.3-.1-.2-3.2-1.9-5-4.8-5.1h-.1c-1.7%200-3.2.7-4%202.1l1.6%201.1c.6-1%201.6-1.2%202.4-1.2%201%200%201.7.3%202.1.9.3.4.6%201%20.7%201.7-.9-.2-1.8-.2-2.9-.2-2.9.2-4.7%201.9-4.6%204.2%200%201.2.7%202.2%201.7%202.8.9.5%202%20.8%203.1.7%201.5-.1%202.7-.7%203.5-1.7.6-.8%201-1.8%201.2-3%20.7.4%201.2%201%201.5%201.7.5%201.1.5%203-1%204.5-1.3%201.3-2.9%201.9-5.3%201.9-2.7%200-4.7-.9-6-2.6-1.2-1.6-1.8-3.9-1.9-6.8.1-2.9.7-5.2%201.9-6.8%201.3-1.7%203.3-2.6%206-2.6%202.7%200%204.8.9%206.1%202.6.7.9%201.2%201.9%201.5%203.2l1.9-.5c-.4-1.6-1-3-1.9-4.1C17.6%201.1%2015%200%2011.9%200h-.1C8.7%200%206.2%201.1%204.5%203.3%203%205.2%202.2%207.9%202.2%2011.9v.1c0%204%20.8%206.7%202.3%208.6C6.2%2022.9%208.7%2024%2011.8%2024h.1c2.8%200%204.7-.7%206.3-2.4%202.1-2.1%202-4.7%201.3-6.3-.5-1.1-1.4-2-2.4-2.6zm-4.9%204.3c-1.2.1-2.5-.5-2.6-1.7-.1-.9.6-1.9%202.7-2h.6c.7%200%201.4.1%202%20.2-.2%202.8-1.6%203.4-2.7%203.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-color:#000}.footer-social a[data-p=mastodon i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M21.3%2015.4c-.3%201.5-2.7%203.2-5.4%203.5-1.4.2-2.8.3-4.3.2-2.4-.1-4.2-.6-4.2-.6%200%20.2%200%20.5.1.7.3%202%202%202.2%203.7%202.2%201.7.1%203.2-.4%203.2-.4v1.8s-1.2.6-3.3.8c-1.2.1-2.6%200-4.3-.5-3.6-1-4.2-4.8-4.3-8.7%200-1.2%200-2.3%200-3.2%200-4%202.6-5.2%202.6-5.2C4.9%205%207.2%204.6%209.6%204.6h.1c2.4%200%204.7.4%206%201%200%200%202.6%201.2%202.6%205.2%200%200%20.1%202.9-.4%204.6zM18.2%209.9v5.1h-2V10c0-1-.5-1.6-1.4-1.6-1%200-1.5.6-1.5%201.9v2.7h-2V10.3c0-1.3-.5-1.9-1.5-1.9-.9%200-1.4.5-1.4%201.6v4.9H6.5V9.9c0-1%20.3-1.9.8-2.5.6-.6%201.3-.9%202.2-.9%201.1%200%201.9.4%202.4%201.2l.5.8.5-.8c.5-.8%201.3-1.2%202.4-1.2.9%200%201.7.3%202.2.9.6.6.9%201.4.9%202.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M21.3%2015.4c-.3%201.5-2.7%203.2-5.4%203.5-1.4.2-2.8.3-4.3.2-2.4-.1-4.2-.6-4.2-.6%200%20.2%200%20.5.1.7.3%202%202%202.2%203.7%202.2%201.7.1%203.2-.4%203.2-.4v1.8s-1.2.6-3.3.8c-1.2.1-2.6%200-4.3-.5-3.6-1-4.2-4.8-4.3-8.7%200-1.2%200-2.3%200-3.2%200-4%202.6-5.2%202.6-5.2C4.9%205%207.2%204.6%209.6%204.6h.1c2.4%200%204.7.4%206%201%200%200%202.6%201.2%202.6%205.2%200%200%20.1%202.9-.4%204.6zM18.2%209.9v5.1h-2V10c0-1-.5-1.6-1.4-1.6-1%200-1.5.6-1.5%201.9v2.7h-2V10.3c0-1.3-.5-1.9-1.5-1.9-.9%200-1.4.5-1.4%201.6v4.9H6.5V9.9c0-1%20.3-1.9.8-2.5.6-.6%201.3-.9%202.2-.9%201.1%200%201.9.4%202.4%201.2l.5.8.5-.8c.5-.8%201.3-1.2%202.4-1.2.9%200%201.7.3%202.2.9.6.6.9%201.4.9%202.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-color:#6364ff}[data-theme=dark] .footer-social a[data-p=threads i] .fs-ic{background-color:#e8e8e8}.footer-social a[data-p=linkedin i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-size:18.3px 18.3px;mask-size:18.3px 18.3px}.footer-social a[data-p=youtube i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-size:20px 20px;mask-size:20px 20px}.footer-social a[data-p=threads i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-size:20px 20px;mask-size:20px 20px}.footer-social a[data-p='x'i] .fs-ic,.footer-social a[data-p=twitter i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-size:20.9px 20.9px;mask-size:20.9px 20.9px}.footer-social a[data-p=tiktok i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-size:23.8px 23.8px;mask-size:23.8px 23.8px}.footer-social a[data-p=pinterest i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-size:22.7px 22.7px;mask-size:22.7px 22.7px}.footer-social a[data-p=mastodon i] .fs-ic{-webkit-mask-size:23.2px 23.2px;mask-size:23.2px 23.2px}.darkmode-toggle{z-index:102}#darkmode-btn{-ms-touch-action:manipulation;touch-action:manipulation;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}.search-bar-wrap:not(.open){pointer-events:none}.search-bar-wrap .search-bar-btn,.search-bar-wrap:not(.open) .search-bar-inner{pointer-events:auto}@media only screen and (max-width:800px){#darkmode-btn{width:36px;height:36px;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center}#darkmode-btn svg{top:calc(50% - 12px);left:calc(50% - 12px)}.darkmode-toggle{top:calc(50% - 18px);right:56px;z-index:102}.lang-switch{z-index:103}.header{pointer-events:none}.header .description,.header .header-logo,.header .title,.header a,.header img{pointer-events:auto}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px){.darkmode-toggle{top:calc(50% - 18px);right:51px}}.footer-col-brand .footer-logo{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start;gap:10px;text-align:left}.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-link{display:inline-block;max-width:100%;margin:0}.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-custom img,.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-img{margin:0 0 25px;max-height:64px;width:auto;height:auto;display:block}.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-img+.footer-logo-link{margin-top:0}.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-text{display:block;font-size:1.35rem;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.02em;line-height:1.25;color:var(--heading-text)}.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-link:hover .footer-logo-text{color:var(--link-color)}.footer-col-brand .footer-desc{margin:0;max-width:520px}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.footer-col-brand .footer-logo{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;text-align:center;gap:12px}.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-custom img,.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-img{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.footer-col-brand .footer-desc{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;text-align:center;max-width:100%}.footer-col-brand .footer-logo-text{font-size:1.25rem}}.comments-head{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px 14px;margin:0 0 20px}h2.comments-title{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:10px;margin:0;padding:0;min-width:0}.comments-title-ico{width:22px;height:22px;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;fill:var(--link-color);display:block}.comments-title-text{min-width:0}.cmt-sort{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:6px 12px;border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:999px;background:var(--card-bg);color:var(--body-text);font-family:inherit;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1;cursor:pointer;-ms-touch-action:manipulation;touch-action:manipulation;-webkit-transition:border-color .2s ease,color .2s ease,background .2s ease;transition:border-color .2s ease,color .2s ease,background .2s ease}.cmt-sort:hover{border-color:var(--link-color);color:var(--link-color)}.cmt-sort:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:2px}.cmt-sort svg{width:15px;height:15px;fill:currentColor;display:block}.cmt-sort[data-order=newest] svg{-webkit-transform:scaleY(-1);transform:scaleY(-1)}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){.comments-head{-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:flex-start}.cmt-sort{padding:5px 10px;font-size:.75rem}}:root{--ck-radius:14px;--ck-ring:0 0 0 3px rgba(51, 102, 204, .18);--ck-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(16, 24, 40, .06),0 8px 24px -12px rgba(16, 24, 40, .18);--ck-info:#0ea5e9;--ck-info-bg:#f0f9ff;--ck-warn:#f59e0b;--ck-warn-bg:#fffbeb;--ck-error:#ef4444;--ck-error-bg:#fef2f2;--ck-ok:#10b981;--ck-ok-bg:#ecfdf5;--ck-code-bg:#0f172a;--ck-code-text:#e2e8f0;--ck-code-head:#1e293b}[data-theme=dark]{--ck-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, .4),0 10px 26px -14px rgba(0, 0, 0, .7);--ck-info-bg:rgba(14, 165, 233, .10);--ck-warn-bg:rgba(245, 158, 11, .10);--ck-error-bg:rgba(239, 68, 68, .10);--ck-ok-bg:rgba(16, 185, 129, .10);--ck-code-bg:#0b1120;--ck-code-head:#111c33}.post-body .btn-primary,.post-body .btn-secondary{display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;margin:6px 8px 6px 0;vertical-align:middle}.post-body .btn-primary>button,.post-body .btn-secondary>button{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:8px;min-height:42px;padding:0 20px;font:inherit;font-size:.9375rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1;border-radius:999px;cursor:pointer;-ms-touch-action:manipulation;touch-action:manipulation;-webkit-transition:transform .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease,background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease;transition:transform .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease,background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease}.post-body .btn-primary>button{background:var(--ck-btn,var(--link-color));color:#fff;border:1px solid transparent;box-shadow:var(--ck-shadow)}.post-body .btn-secondary>button{background:0 0;color:var(--ck-btn,var(--link-color));border:1.5px solid currentColor;box-shadow:none}.post-body .btn-primary:hover>button,.post-body .btn-secondary:hover>button{-webkit-transform:translateY(-2px);transform:translateY(-2px)}.post-body .btn-secondary:hover>button{background:var(--ck-btn,var(--link-color));color:#fff;border-color:transparent}.post-body .btn-primary:active>button,.post-body .btn-secondary:active>button{-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}.post-body .btn-primary>button:focus-visible,.post-body .btn-secondary>button:focus-visible{outline:0;box-shadow:var(--ck-ring)}.post-body .btn-download>button::before,.post-body .btn-new-tab>button::before,.post-body .btn-whatsapp>button::before{content:"";width:17px;height:17px;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;background-color:currentColor;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:contain;mask-size:contain}.post-body .btn-download>button::before{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%203a1%201%200%200%201%201%201v8.6l2.3-2.3a1%201%200%201%201%201.4%201.4l-4%204a1%201%200%200%201-1.4%200l-4-4a1%201%200%201%201%201.4-1.4l2.3%202.3V4a1%201%200%200%201%201-1zM5%2017a1%201%200%200%201%201%201v1h12v-1a1%201%200%201%201%202%200v2a1%201%200%200%201-1%201H5a1%201%200%200%201-1-1v-2a1%201%200%200%201%201-1z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%203a1%201%200%200%201%201%201v8.6l2.3-2.3a1%201%200%201%201%201.4%201.4l-4%204a1%201%200%200%201-1.4%200l-4-4a1%201%200%201%201%201.4-1.4l2.3%202.3V4a1%201%200%200%201%201-1zM5%2017a1%201%200%200%201%201%201v1h12v-1a1%201%200%201%201%202%200v2a1%201%200%200%201-1%201H5a1%201%200%200%201-1-1v-2a1%201%200%200%201%201-1z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.post-body .btn-new-tab>button::before{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M14%203h7v7h-2V6.4l-8.3%208.3-1.4-1.4L17.6%205H14V3zM5%205h5v2H6v11h11v-4h2v5a1%201%200%200%201-1%201H5a1%201%200%200%201-1-1V6a1%201%200%200%201%201-1z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M14%203h7v7h-2V6.4l-8.3%208.3-1.4-1.4L17.6%205H14V3zM5%205h5v2H6v11h11v-4h2v5a1%201%200%200%201-1%201H5a1%201%200%200%201-1-1V6a1%201%200%200%201%201-1z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.post-body .btn-whatsapp>button::before{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202a10%2010%200%200%200-8.6%2015l-1.3%204.8%205-1.3A10%2010%200%201%200%2012%202zm5.8%2014.2c-.2.7-1.2%201.3-2%201.4-.5.1-1.2.2-3.5-.7-2.9-1.2-4.8-4.2-5-4.4-.1-.2-1.1-1.5-1.1-2.9s.7-2%201-2.3c.2-.3.6-.4.8-.4h.6c.2%200%20.4%200%20.7.5l.9%202.2c.1.2.1.4%200%20.6l-.4.6-.3.3c-.1.1-.2.3-.1.5.1.2.6%201.2%201.5%201.9%201.1.9%202%201.2%202.2%201.3.2.1.4.1.5-.1l.9-1c.2-.2.3-.2.5-.1l2.1%201c.2.1.4.2.4.3.1.2.1.6-.1%201z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202a10%2010%200%200%200-8.6%2015l-1.3%204.8%205-1.3A10%2010%200%201%200%2012%202zm5.8%2014.2c-.2.7-1.2%201.3-2%201.4-.5.1-1.2.2-3.5-.7-2.9-1.2-4.8-4.2-5-4.4-.1-.2-1.1-1.5-1.1-2.9s.7-2%201-2.3c.2-.3.6-.4.8-.4h.6c.2%200%20.4%200%20.7.5l.9%202.2c.1.2.1.4%200%20.6l-.4.6-.3.3c-.1.1-.2.3-.1.5.1.2.6%201.2%201.5%201.9%201.1.9%202%201.2%202.2%201.3.2.1.4.1.5-.1l.9-1c.2-.2.3-.2.5-.1l2.1%201c.2.1.4.2.4.3.1.2.1.6-.1%201z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.post-body .btn-whatsapp{--ck-btn:#25d366}.post-body .btn-download{--ck-btn:var(--link-color)}.post-body .notification-box{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:12px;margin:1.5rem 0;padding:16px 18px 16px 16px;border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-left:4px solid var(--ck-nb,var(--ck-info));border-radius:var(--ck-radius);background:var(--ck-nb-bg,var(--ck-info-bg));color:var(--body-text);font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.7}.post-body .notification-box::before{content:"";-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;width:22px;height:22px;margin-top:2px;background-color:var(--ck-nb,var(--ck-info));-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:contain;mask-size:contain;-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202a10%2010%200%201%200%200%2020%2010%2010%200%200%200%200-20zm1%2015h-2v-6h2v6zm0-8h-2V7h2v2z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202a10%2010%200%201%200%200%2020%2010%2010%200%200%200%200-20zm1%2015h-2v-6h2v6zm0-8h-2V7h2v2z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.post-body .notification-box.warning{--ck-nb:var(--ck-warn);--ck-nb-bg:var(--ck-warn-bg)}.post-body .notification-box.warning::before{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202%201%2021h22L12%202zm1%2015h-2v-2h2v2zm0-4h-2V9h2v4z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202%201%2021h22L12%202zm1%2015h-2v-2h2v2zm0-4h-2V9h2v4z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.post-body .notification-box.error{--ck-nb:var(--ck-error);--ck-nb-bg:var(--ck-error-bg)}.post-body .notification-box.error::before{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202a10%2010%200%201%200%200%2020%2010%2010%200%200%200%200-20zm4.3%2012.9-1.4%201.4L12%2013.4l-2.9%202.9-1.4-1.4%202.9-2.9-2.9-2.9%201.4-1.4%202.9%202.9%202.9-2.9%201.4%201.4-2.9%202.9%202.9%202.9z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202a10%2010%200%201%200%200%2020%2010%2010%200%200%200%200-20zm4.3%2012.9-1.4%201.4L12%2013.4l-2.9%202.9-1.4-1.4%202.9-2.9-2.9-2.9%201.4-1.4%202.9%202.9%202.9-2.9%201.4%201.4-2.9%202.9%202.9%202.9z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.post-body .notification-box.success{--ck-nb:var(--ck-ok);--ck-nb-bg:var(--ck-ok-bg)}.post-body .notification-box.success::before{-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202a10%2010%200%201%200%200%2020%2010%2010%200%200%200%200-20zm-1%2014.4-4-4L8.4%2011%2011%2013.6%2015.6%209%2017%2010.4l-6%206z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202a10%2010%200%201%200%200%2020%2010%2010%200%200%200%200-20zm-1%2014.4-4-4L8.4%2011%2011%2013.6%2015.6%209%2017%2010.4l-6%206z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.post-body .notification-box>:first-child{margin-top:0}.post-body .notification-box>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.post-body .grid-images{display:grid;gap:12px;margin:1.5rem 0;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.post-body .grid-images.three-col{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}.post-body .grid-images.four-col{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr))}.post-body .grid-images img{width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;display:block;aspect-ratio:1/1;object-fit:cover;border-radius:12px;background:var(--input-bg);-webkit-transition:transform .3s ease,box-shadow .3s ease;transition:transform .3s ease,box-shadow .3s ease}.post-body .grid-images img:hover{-webkit-transform:scale(1.02);transform:scale(1.02);box-shadow:var(--ck-shadow)}@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.post-body .grid-images,.post-body .grid-images.four-col,.post-body .grid-images.three-col{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px}}.post-body .accordion-container{margin:1.5rem 0;border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:var(--ck-radius);background:var(--card-bg);overflow:hidden}.post-body .accordion-toggle{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;padding:15px 18px;font-weight:600;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.55;color:var(--heading-text);cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;-webkit-transition:background .2s ease,color .2s ease;transition:background .2s ease,color .2s ease}.post-body .accordion-toggle+.accordion-content+.accordion-toggle,.post-body .accordion-toggle~.accordion-toggle{border-top:1px solid var(--border-color)}.post-body .accordion-toggle:hover{background:var(--menu-hover-bg,rgba(0,0,0,.03));color:var(--link-color)}.post-body .accordion-toggle:focus-visible{outline:0;box-shadow:inset var(--ck-ring)}.post-body .accordion-toggle::after{content:"";-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;width:10px;height:10px;border-right:2px solid currentColor;border-bottom:2px solid currentColor;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg) translateY(-2px);transform:rotate(45deg) translateY(-2px);-webkit-transition:transform .25s ease;transition:transform .25s ease}.post-body .accordion-toggle.is-open{color:var(--link-color)}.post-body .accordion-toggle.is-open::after{-webkit-transform:rotate(-135deg) translateY(-2px);transform:rotate(-135deg) translateY(-2px)}.post-body .accordion-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid transparent;-webkit-transition:max-height .3s ease;transition:max-height .3s ease}.post-body .accordion-content.is-open{border-top-color:var(--border-color)}.post-body .accordion-content>div{padding:14px 18px 18px;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.75;color:var(--body-text)}.post-body .accordion-content>div>:first-child{margin-top:0}.post-body .accordion-content>div>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.post-body .slider-container{position:relative;margin:1.5rem 0}.post-body .slider-content{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:12px;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;scrollbar-width:none;scroll-behavior:smooth;border-radius:var(--ck-radius)}.post-body .slider-content::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.post-body .slider-content>*{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;scroll-snap-align:center;margin:0;min-width:0}.post-body .slider-content>img{width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:16/10;object-fit:cover;border-radius:var(--ck-radius);background:var(--input-bg);display:block}.post-body .slider-content-item{padding:22px;border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:var(--ck-radius);background:var(--card-bg);font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.75;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.post-body .slider-btn{position:absolute;top:50%;width:38px;height:38px;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:50%;background:var(--card-bg);color:var(--heading-text);box-shadow:var(--ck-shadow);cursor:pointer;z-index:2;-webkit-transition:opacity .2s ease,background .2s ease,color .2s ease;transition:opacity .2s ease,background .2s ease,color .2s ease}.post-body .slider-btn:hover{background:var(--link-color);color:#fff}.post-body .slider-btn:disabled{opacity:.35;cursor:default}.post-body .slider-btn.prev{left:10px}.post-body .slider-btn.next{right:10px}.post-body .slider-btn svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor;display:block}.post-body .slider-dots{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;gap:7px;margin-top:12px}.post-body .slider-dot{width:7px;height:7px;padding:0;border:none;border-radius:999px;background:var(--border-color);cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:width .25s ease,background .25s ease;transition:width .25s ease,background .25s ease}.post-body .slider-dot.is-active{width:20px;background:var(--link-color)}.post-body .code-box{margin:1.5rem 0;border-radius:var(--ck-radius);overflow:hidden;background:var(--ck-code-bg);box-shadow:var(--ck-shadow)}.post-body .code-head{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;padding:8px 10px 8px 14px;background:var(--ck-code-head);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.07)}.post-body .code-lang{font-size:.6875rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#94a3b8}.post-body .code-copy{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:5px 10px;font:inherit;font-size:.6875rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1;color:#cbd5e1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.06);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);border-radius:8px;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:background .2s ease,color .2s ease;transition:background .2s ease,color .2s ease}.post-body .code-copy:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,.14);color:#fff}.post-body .code-copy.done{color:#34d399;border-color:rgba(52,211,153,.45)}.post-body .code-copy svg{width:13px;height:13px;fill:currentColor}.post-body .code-box pre{margin:0;padding:16px 18px;background:0 0;border:none;overflow-x:auto;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,"Courier New",monospace;font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1.7;color:var(--ck-code-text);-moz-tab-size:2;-o-tab-size:2;tab-size:2}.post-body .code-box pre code{background:0 0;padding:0;border:none;color:inherit;font:inherit;display:block}.post-body .code-box pre::-webkit-scrollbar{height:8px}.post-body .code-box pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:rgba(255,255,255,.16);border-radius:8px}.post-body .tk-c{color:#64748b;font-style:italic}.post-body .tk-str{color:#86efac}.post-body .tk-kw{color:#f472b6}.post-body .tk-num{color:#fbbf24}.post-body .tk-tag{color:#60a5fa}.post-body .tk-atr{color:#c4b5fd}.post-body .tk-fn{color:#7dd3fc}.post-body .tk-prop{color:#93c5fd}.post-body .tk-sel{color:#fca5a5}.post-body .tk-val{color:#fdba74}.post-body .lazy-youtube{position:relative;margin:1.5rem 0;aspect-ratio:16/9;border-radius:var(--ck-radius);overflow:hidden;background:#000;cursor:pointer}.post-body .lazy-youtube img{width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;display:block;object-fit:cover;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:transform .4s ease,opacity .3s ease;transition:transform .4s ease,opacity .3s ease}.post-body .lazy-youtube:hover img{-webkit-transform:scale(1.03);transform:scale(1.03);opacity:.88}.post-body .lazy-youtube::after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(0,0,0,0) 45%,rgba(0,0,0,.45) 100%);pointer-events:none}.post-body .lazy-youtube-play{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform:translate(-50%,-50%);width:68px;height:48px;border-radius:14px;background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(2px);backdrop-filter:blur(2px);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18);z-index:1;-webkit-transition:background .2s ease,transform .2s ease;transition:background .2s ease,transform .2s ease}.post-body .lazy-youtube-play::before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;left:52%;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform:translate(-50%,-50%);border-style:solid;border-width:9px 0 9px 15px;border-color:transparent transparent transparent #fff}.post-body .lazy-youtube:hover .lazy-youtube-play{background:red;border-color:transparent;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1.06);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1.06)}.post-body .lazy-youtube:focus-visible{outline:0;box-shadow:var(--ck-ring)}.post-body .lazy-youtube iframe{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.post-body .lazy-youtube.is-playing .lazy-youtube-play,.post-body .lazy-youtube.is-playing::after{display:none}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.post-body .accordion-content,.post-body .accordion-toggle::after,.post-body .btn-primary>button,.post-body .btn-secondary>button,.post-body .grid-images img,.post-body .lazy-youtube img{-webkit-transition:none!important;transition:none!important}.post-body .slider-content{scroll-behavior:auto}}.post-body .slider-btn{background:rgba(255,255,255,.55);color:var(--heading-text);border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);-webkit-backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(8px);backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(8px);box-shadow:0 2px 10px -4px rgba(16,24,40,.28);opacity:.55;-webkit-transition:opacity .2s ease,background .2s ease,color .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease;transition:opacity .2s ease,background .2s ease,color .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease}[data-theme=dark] .post-body .slider-btn{background:rgba(17,24,39,.5);color:#f1f5f9;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.14)}.post-body .slider-container:focus-within .slider-btn,.post-body .slider-container:hover .slider-btn{opacity:1}.post-body .slider-btn:hover{background:var(--link-color);color:#fff;border-color:transparent;opacity:1}.post-body .slider-btn:focus-visible{opacity:1;outline:0;box-shadow:var(--ck-ring)}.post-body .slider-btn:disabled{opacity:0;pointer-events:none}.post-body .slider-container:focus-within .slider-btn:disabled,.post-body .slider-container:hover .slider-btn:disabled{opacity:.25}.post-body .slider-content-item{padding:22px 60px}@media (hover:none){.post-body .slider-btn{opacity:.85}.post-body .slider-btn:disabled{opacity:0}}@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.post-body .slider-btn{width:34px;height:34px}.post-body .slider-btn.prev{left:8px}.post-body .slider-btn.next{right:8px}.post-body .slider-content-item{padding:20px 50px}}#site-footer .footer-col-brand .widget{margin:0}#site-footer .footer-col-brand .widget+.widget{margin-top:26px}#site-footer .footer-col-brand .footer-social{margin-top:0;gap:18px}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){#site-footer .footer-col-brand .widget+.widget{margin-top:24px}#site-footer .footer-col-brand .footer-social{-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;gap:20px}}#site-footer .footer-about{color:var(--muted-text)}#site-footer .footer-about .fa-head{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:14px;margin:0 0 12px}#site-footer .footer-about .fa-avatar{-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;width:56px;height:56px;border-radius:50%;overflow:hidden;background:var(--input-bg);border:2px solid var(--border-color);position:relative}#site-footer .footer-about .fa-avatar .default-avatar,#site-footer .footer-about .fa-avatar img{width:100%;height:100%;display:block;margin:0;object-fit:cover;border-radius:50%}#site-footer .footer-about .fa-meta{min-width:0}#site-footer .footer-about .fa-name{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;font-size:1.05rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.3;color:var(--heading-text);text-decoration:none}#site-footer .footer-about .fa-name .civilengineer-author-vf{width:1em;height:1em;margin-left:5px}#site-footer .footer-about .fa-loc{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:4px;margin-top:3px;font-size:.8125rem;color:var(--muted-text)}#site-footer .footer-about .fa-loc svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:currentColor;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}#site-footer .footer-about .fa-bio{margin:0 0 16px;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted-text);max-width:520px;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word}#site-footer .footer-about .fa-bio a{color:var(--link-color)}#site-footer .footer-about .fa-link{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:6px;margin-bottom:24px;padding:0;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none;border:none;border-radius:0;background:0 0;transition:color .2s ease,text-decoration-color .2s ease}#site-footer .footer-about .fa-link-icon{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;width:16px;height:16px;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;color:inherit}#site-footer .footer-about .fa-link-icon svg{width:16px;height:16px}#site-footer .footer-about .fa-link:hover{color:var(--link-hover);text-decoration:underline}#site-footer .footer-about .fa-team{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px}#site-footer .footer-about .team-member .profile-link{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:8px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--body-text);font-weight:600}#site-footer .footer-about .team-member .profile-link:hover{color:var(--link-color)}#site-footer .footer-about .team-member img{width:36px;height:36px;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;margin:0;display:block}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){#site-footer .footer-about .fa-head{-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;text-align:center;gap:10px}#site-footer .footer-about .fa-loc{-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center}#site-footer .footer-about .fa-bio{text-align:center;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}#site-footer .footer-about .fa-team{-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){#site-footer .footer-col-brand .footer-col-title,#site-footer .footer-col-brand .widget>h2.title{text-align:center}#site-footer .footer-col-brand .footer-col-title::after,#site-footer .footer-col-brand .widget>h2.title::after{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}[dir=rtl] #site-footer .footer-col-brand .footer-col-title::after,[dir=rtl] #site-footer .footer-col-brand .widget>h2.title::after{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}@media only screen and (max-width:360px){#site-footer .footer-col-application .footer-col-title::after,#site-footer .footer-col-application .widget>h2.title::after,#site-footer .footer-col-company .footer-col-title::after,#site-footer .footer-col-company .widget>h2.title::after{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}.page-static .post-body h1,.page-static .post-body h2,.page-static .post-body h3,.page-static .post-body h4,.page-static .post-body h5,.page-static .post-body h6{margin:1.9em 0 1rem;line-height:1.35;color:var(--heading-text)}.page-static .post-body h1:first-child,.page-static .post-body h2:first-child,.page-static .post-body h3:first-child{margin-top:.4em}.page-static .post-body h1{font-size:1.55rem;font-weight:800;padding-bottom:.3rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color)}.page-static .post-body h2{font-size:1.38rem;font-weight:700;padding-bottom:.3em;border-bottom:1px solid var(--table-border)}.page-static .post-body h3{font-size:1.22rem;font-weight:700;padding-bottom:.2em;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--border-medium)}.page-static .post-body p{margin:1.25rem 0;line-height:1.6}.page-static .post-body ol,.page-static .post-body ul{margin:1.1rem 0 1.4rem;padding-left:1.9rem;line-height:1.8}.page-static .post-body li{margin:0 0 .6rem;padding-left:.4rem}.page-static .post-body li:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.page-static .post-body ul{list-style:disc outside}.page-static .post-body ul ul{list-style:circle outside}.page-static .post-body ul ul ul{list-style:square outside}.page-static .post-body ol{list-style:decimal outside}.page-static .post-body ol ol{list-style:lower-alpha outside}.page-static .post-body ol ol ol{list-style:lower-roman outside}.page-static .post-body li::marker{color:var(--muted-text);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.page-static .post-body ol ol,.page-static .post-body ol ul,.page-static .post-body ul ol,.page-static .post-body ul ul{margin:.65rem 0 .65rem;padding-left:1.6rem}.page-static .post-body li>p{margin:.35rem 0}.page-static .post-body .civilengineer-toc ol,.page-static .post-body .civilengineer-toc ol ol,.page-static .post-body .civilengineer-toc ol ol ol,.page-static .post-body .civilengineer-toc ul{list-style:none}.page-static .post-body .civilengineer-toc li{margin:0;padding-left:0}.page-static .post-body .civilengineer-toc li::marker{content:none}.page-static .post-body .civilengineer-toc li,.page-static .post-body .civilengineer-toc ol,.page-static .post-body .civilengineer-toc ul{margin:0;padding-left:0}.page-static .post-body .civilengineer-toc ol ol{padding-left:16px;margin-top:2px}@media (max-width:480px){.page-static .post-body ol,.page-static .post-body ul{padding-left:1.4rem}.page-static .post-body ol ol,.page-static .post-body ol ul,.page-static .post-body ul ol,.page-static .post-body ul ul{padding-left:1.25rem}}@media (max-width:480px){.page-static .post-body h1{font-size:1.32rem}.page-static .post-body h2{font-size:1.2rem}.page-static .post-body h3{font-size:1.1rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:800px){#cssmenu .mm-panel{position:static!important;left:auto!important;right:auto!important;top:auto!important;width:auto!important;min-width:0!important;max-width:100%!important;max-height:none!important;overflow:visible!important;-webkit-transform:none!important;transform:none!important;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important;box-shadow:none!important}#cssmenu .mm-grid{display:block!important;grid-template-columns:none!important;width:auto!important;max-width:100%!important}#cssmenu .mm-card,#cssmenu .mm-col,#cssmenu .mm-featured,#cssmenu .mm-list{position:static!important;width:auto!important;max-width:100%!important;float:none!important}#cssmenu .mm-panel li a{white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word}#cssmenu>ul{overflow-x:hidden}#cssmenu ul ul{position:static!important;left:auto!important;right:auto!important;width:auto!important;max-width:100%!important;-webkit-transform:none!important;transform:none!important}}.mm-i-layers{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%203%202%208l10%205%2010-5-10-5zm-7.2%208.1L2%2012.5l10%205%2010-5-2.8-1.4L12%2014.4%204.8%2011.1z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-survey{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202a10%2010%200%201%200%200%2020%2010%2010%200%200%200%200-20zm0%202.5V7h-1.5V4.6a8%208%200%200%201%201.5-.1zM4.6%2012H7v1.5H4.6A8%208%200%200%201%204.6%2012zM12%2019.5V17h1.5v2.4a8%208%200%200%201-1.5.1zM17%2012h2.4a8%208%200%200%201-.1%201.5H17V12zm-1.9-3.1-3.9%201.3-1.3%203.9%203.9-1.3%201.3-3.9zM12%2013.1a1.1%201.1%200%201%201%200-2.2%201.1%201.1%200%200%201%200%202.2z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-boq{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M16%203h-1.2a2.8%202.8%200%200%200-5.6%200H8a2%202%200%200%200-2%202v15a2%202%200%200%200%202%202h8a2%202%200%200%200%202-2V5a2%202%200%200%200-2-2zm-4-.6a1%201%200%201%201%200%202%201%201%200%200%201%200-2zM9%209h6v1.6H9V9zm0%203.7h6v1.6H9v-1.6zm0%203.7h4v1.6H9v-1.6z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-dwg{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M20.7%205.6%2018.4%203.3a1%201%200%200%200-1.4%200l-1.8%201.8%203.7%203.7%201.8-1.8a1%201%200%200%200%200-1.4zM3%2016.7V20h3.3l10-10-3.3-3.3-10%2010zM3%203v3h3V3H3zm0%205.5v2h2v-2H3zM8.5%203v2h2V3h-2z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-bridge{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M2%208v2h2v3H2v2h20v-2h-2v-3h2V8H2zm4%202h4v3H6v-3zm8%200h4v3h-4v-3zm-3%200h2v3h-2v-3zM3%2016v4h2v-4H3zm16%200v4h2v-4h-2z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-concrete{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202%203%206.5v11L12%2022l9-4.5v-11L12%202zm0%202.2%206.4%203.2L12%2010.6%205.6%207.4%2012%204.2zM5%209.1l6%203v7.4l-6-3V9.1zm8%2010.4V12l6-3v7.5l-6%203z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-steel{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M4%203v18h3v-6h10v6h3V3h-3v6H7V3H4zm3%208h10v2H7v-2z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-drain{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M4%206a4%204%200%200%201%204-4h3v2.4H8A1.6%201.6%200%200%200%206.4%206v12A1.6%201.6%200%200%200%208%2019.6h3V22H8a4%204%200%200%201-4-4V6zm9-4h3a4%204%200%200%201%204%204v12a4%204%200%200%201-4%204h-3v-2.4h3A1.6%201.6%200%200%200%2017.6%2018V6A1.6%201.6%200%200%200%2016%204.4h-3V2zm-2%207h2v6h-2V9z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-standard{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202%204%205v6.1c0%204.9%203.4%209.5%208%2010.9%204.6-1.4%208-6%208-10.9V5l-8-3zm-1%2014-4-4%201.4-1.4L11%2013.2l5.6-5.6L18%209l-7%207z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-video{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M12%202a10%2010%200%201%200%200%2020%2010%2010%200%200%200%200-20zM10%2016.5v-9l7%204.5-7%204.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-excel{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M4%203h16a1%201%200%200%201%201%201v16a1%201%200%200%201-1%201H4a1%201%200%200%201-1-1V4a1%201%200%200%201%201-1zm1%204v3h5V7H5zm7%200v3h7V7h-7zM5%2012v3h5v-3H5zm7%200v3h7v-3h-7zM5%2017v2h5v-2H5zm7%200v2h7v-2h-7z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-pdf{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M14%202H6a2%202%200%200%200-2%202v16a2%202%200%200%200%202%202h12a2%202%200%200%200%202-2V8l-6-6zm0%202.5L17.5%208H14V4.5zM8%2013h8v1.6H8V13zm0%203.3h8v1.6H8v-1.6zM8%209.7h4v1.6H8V9.7z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-price{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M21.4%2011.6%2012.4%202.6A2%202%200%200%200%2011%202H4a2%202%200%200%200-2%202v7c0%20.5.2%201%20.6%201.4l9%209a2%202%200%200%200%202.8%200l7-7a2%202%200%200%200%200-2.8zM6.5%208A1.5%201.5%200%201%201%208%206.5%201.5%201.5%200%200%201%206.5%208z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mm-i-search{--mi:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2024%2024'%3E%3Cpath%20d='M15.5%2014h-.8l-.3-.3a6.5%206.5%200%201%200-.7.7l.3.3v.8l5%205%201.5-1.5-5-5zm-6%200a4.5%204.5%200%201%201%200-9%204.5%204.5%200%200%201%200%209z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}@media only screen and (max-width:800px){#cssmenu>ul>li>a{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:12px}#cssmenu>ul>li>a .mm-i,#cssmenu>ul>li>a svg.mm-ico{width:20px;height:20px;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;color:var(--mm-accent);vertical-align:middle}#cssmenu>ul>li>a.mm-noicon{padding-left:32px}}.civilengineer-noimg{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--related-nothumb-bg);pointer-events:none}.civilengineer-noimg::after,.img-thumbnail.thumb-noimg::after{content:"";width:34px;height:34px;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex:none;background:var(--muted-text);opacity:.55;-webkit-mask:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M21 19V5a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2zM8.5 13.5l2.5 3 3.5-4.5 4.5 6H5l3.5-4.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center/contain no-repeat;mask:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M21 19V5a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2zM8.5 13.5l2.5 3 3.5-4.5 4.5 6H5l3.5-4.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center/contain no-repeat}.img-thumbnail.thumb-noimg{background:var(--related-nothumb-bg)}.img-thumbnail.thumb-noimg::after{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;right:auto;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform:translate(-50%,-50%);text-align:initial;letter-spacing:normal;pointer-events:none}.PopularPosts .popular-post-thumbnail .civilengineer-noimg{position:static;width:80px;height:80px;border-radius:4px}.PopularPosts .popular-post-thumbnail .civilengineer-noimg::after{width:26px;height:26px}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-img .civilengineer-noimg{z-index:1}.FeaturedPost .featured-post-img .civilengineer-noimg::after{width:48px;height:48px}#darkmode-btn .icon-system{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:rotate(-90deg);transform:rotate(-90deg)}html[data-theme-mode] #darkmode-btn .icon-moon,html[data-theme-mode] #darkmode-btn .icon-sun,html[data-theme-mode] #darkmode-btn .icon-system{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:rotate(-90deg) scale(.6);transform:rotate(-90deg) scale(.6);-webkit-transition:opacity .2s ease,-webkit-transform .3s ease;transition:opacity .2s ease,transform .3s ease,-webkit-transform .3s ease}html[data-theme-mode=dark] #darkmode-btn .icon-moon,html[data-theme-mode=light] #darkmode-btn .icon-sun,html[data-theme-mode=system] #darkmode-btn .icon-system{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:rotate(0) scale(1);transform:rotate(0) scale(1)}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html[data-theme-mode] #darkmode-btn .icon-moon,html[data-theme-mode] #darkmode-btn .icon-sun,html[data-theme-mode] #darkmode-btn .icon-system{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none}}html.civilengineer-no-tts .civilengineer-tts{display:none!important}.civilengineer-tts{margin:0 0 1.6rem;background:var(--card-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:14px;box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-light);overflow:hidden}.civilengineer-tts .tts-bar{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding:10px 12px}.civilengineer-tts .tts-main{-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;width:44px;height:44px;border:none;border-radius:50%;background:var(--link-color);color:#fff;cursor:pointer;position:relative;padding:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .18s ease,-webkit-transform .18s ease;transition:opacity .18s ease,transform .18s ease,-webkit-transform .18s ease}.civilengineer-tts .tts-main:hover{opacity:.9}.civilengineer-tts .tts-main:active{-webkit-transform:scale(.94);transform:scale(.94)}.civilengineer-tts .tts-main:focus-visible,.civilengineer-tts .tts-sub:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:2px}.civilengineer-tts .tts-main svg{width:24px;height:24px;fill:currentColor;position:absolute;top:calc(50% - 12px);left:calc(50% - 12px);-webkit-transition:opacity .2s ease,-webkit-transform .3s ease;transition:opacity .2s ease,transform .3s ease,-webkit-transform .3s ease}.civilengineer-tts .tts-ic-pause{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:rotate(-90deg) scale(.6);transform:rotate(-90deg) scale(.6)}.civilengineer-tts.is-playing:not(.is-paused) .tts-ic-play{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg) scale(.6);transform:rotate(90deg) scale(.6)}.civilengineer-tts.is-playing:not(.is-paused) .tts-ic-pause{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:rotate(0) scale(1);transform:rotate(0) scale(1)}.civilengineer-tts .tts-mid{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;gap:7px}.civilengineer-tts .tts-label{font-size:.875rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.3;color:var(--heading-text);white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.civilengineer-tts.is-playing .tts-label{color:var(--link-color)}.civilengineer-tts .tts-progress{height:5px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--label-bg);overflow:hidden}.civilengineer-tts .tts-progress-fill{width:0%;height:100%;border-radius:999px;background:var(--link-color);-webkit-transition:width .3s ease;transition:width .3s ease}.civilengineer-tts .tts-eq{-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:end;-ms-flex-align:end;align-items:flex-end;gap:3px;height:18px;opacity:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .25s ease;transition:opacity .25s ease}.civilengineer-tts .tts-eq i{width:3.5px;border-radius:2px;background:var(--link-color);height:30%;-webkit-animation:civilengineerEq 1s ease-in-out infinite;animation:civilengineerEq 1s ease-in-out infinite;-webkit-animation-play-state:paused;animation-play-state:paused}.civilengineer-tts .tts-eq i:nth-child(2){-webkit-animation-delay:.25s;animation-delay:.25s}.civilengineer-tts .tts-eq i:nth-child(3){-webkit-animation-delay:.5s;animation-delay:.5s}.civilengineer-tts.is-playing .tts-eq{opacity:1}.civilengineer-tts.is-playing:not(.is-paused) .tts-eq i{-webkit-animation-play-state:running;animation-play-state:running}@-webkit-keyframes civilengineerEq{0%,100%{height:30%}50%{height:100%}}@keyframes civilengineerEq{0%,100%{height:30%}50%{height:100%}}.civilengineer-tts .tts-sub{-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;width:38px;height:38px;border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:50%;background:0 0;color:var(--muted-text);cursor:pointer;padding:0;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease;transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease}.civilengineer-tts .tts-sub svg{width:19px;height:19px;fill:currentColor;display:block}.civilengineer-tts .tts-sub:hover:not([disabled]){background:var(--link-color);border-color:var(--link-color);color:#fff}.civilengineer-tts .tts-sub[disabled]{opacity:.45;cursor:default}.civilengineer-tts .tts-cfg[aria-expanded=true]{background:var(--link-color);border-color:var(--link-color);color:#fff}.civilengineer-tts .tts-cfg{position:relative}.civilengineer-tts .tts-cfg .tts-caret{position:absolute;right:-3px;bottom:-3px;width:13px;height:13px;padding:1px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--card-bg);fill:currentColor;color:var(--muted-text);pointer-events:none;transition:transform .25s cubic-bezier(.4, 0, .2, 1)}.civilengineer-tts .tts-cfg[aria-expanded=true] .tts-caret{background:var(--link-color);color:#fff;transform:rotate(180deg)}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.civilengineer-tts .tts-cfg .tts-caret{transition:none}}.civilengineer-tts .tts-panel{border-top:1px solid var(--border-color);background:var(--secondary-bg);padding:14px 16px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:12px 22px}.civilengineer-tts .tts-panel[hidden]{display:none}.civilengineer-tts .tts-row{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:10px;min-width:0;font-size:.8125rem;color:var(--body-text)}.civilengineer-tts .tts-row-voice{grid-column:1/-1}.civilengineer-tts .tts-row-name{-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;width:76px;font-weight:600;color:var(--muted-text);font-size:.78rem;letter-spacing:.02em}.civilengineer-tts .tts-voice-wrap{position:relative;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.civilengineer-tts .tts-voice{width:100%;min-width:0;font:inherit;font-size:.8125rem;padding:8px 30px 8px 10px;border-radius:9px;border:1px solid var(--border-color);background:var(--card-bg);color:var(--body-text);cursor:pointer;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none}.civilengineer-tts .tts-voice::-ms-expand{display:none}.civilengineer-tts .tts-voice:focus-visible{border-color:var(--link-color)}.civilengineer-tts .tts-voice-caret{position:absolute;right:10px;top:50%;width:16px;height:16px;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);fill:var(--muted-text);pointer-events:none;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .2s ease;transition:transform .2s ease}.civilengineer-tts .tts-voice-wrap.is-open .tts-voice-caret{-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%) rotate(180deg);transform:translateY(-50%) rotate(180deg)}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.civilengineer-tts .tts-voice-caret{transition:none}}.civilengineer-tts .tts-range{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;height:5px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--label-bg);outline:0;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.civilengineer-tts .tts-range::-webkit-slider-thumb{-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;width:16px;height:16px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--link-color);border:none;cursor:pointer}.civilengineer-tts .tts-range::-moz-range-thumb{width:16px;height:16px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--link-color);border:none;cursor:pointer}.civilengineer-tts .tts-range:focus-visible::-webkit-slider-thumb{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:2px}.civilengineer-tts .tts-out{-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;width:44px;text-align:right;font-size:.76rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--muted-text);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}@media (max-width:640px){.civilengineer-tts .tts-bar{gap:10px;padding:9px 10px}.civilengineer-tts .tts-panel{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:11px;padding:12px 12px}.civilengineer-tts .tts-eq{display:none}.civilengineer-tts .tts-row-name{width:70px}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.civilengineer-tts .tts-eq,.civilengineer-tts .tts-main svg,.civilengineer-tts .tts-progress-fill{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none}.civilengineer-tts .tts-eq i{-webkit-animation:none;animation:none;height:60%}}@media print{.civilengineer-tts{display:none!important}}.BlogArchive{font-size:.875rem}.BlogArchive #ArchiveList ul{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}#sidebar-wrapper .BlogArchive li{border-left:none;padding:0;margin:0}[dir=rtl] #sidebar-wrapper .BlogArchive li{border-right:none}.BlogArchive .archive-flat ul{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px}.BlogArchive .archive-flat li.archivedate{margin:0;padding:0}.BlogArchive .archive-flat li.archivedate a{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;min-width:0;padding:10px 12px;border-radius:10px;border:1px solid transparent;color:var(--body-text);font-weight:500;line-height:1.35;text-decoration:none;transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease,transform .18s ease}.BlogArchive .archive-flat li.archivedate a:focus-visible,.BlogArchive .archive-flat li.archivedate a:hover{background:var(--label-bg);border-color:var(--border-color);color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none;transform:translateX(3px)}[dir=rtl] .BlogArchive .archive-flat li.archivedate a:focus-visible,[dir=rtl] .BlogArchive .archive-flat li.archivedate a:hover{transform:translateX(-3px)}.BlogArchive .archive-flat li.archivedate a:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:2px}.BlogArchive .archive-flat .af-ico{width:16px;height:16px;flex:none;fill:var(--link-color);opacity:.85;transition:opacity .18s ease}.BlogArchive .archive-flat li.archivedate a:hover .af-ico{opacity:1}.BlogArchive .archive-flat .af-name{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.BlogArchive .archive-flat .af-badge{flex:none;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-width:26px;height:20px;padding:0 8px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--label-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);color:var(--muted-text);font-size:.6875rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease}.BlogArchive .archive-flat li.archivedate a:hover .af-badge{background:var(--link-color);border-color:var(--link-color);color:#fff}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy>ul.hierarchy{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:4px}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy li.ah-item{margin:0;padding:0}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:2px;margin:0;border-radius:10px;transition:background .18s ease}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-row:hover{background:var(--label-bg)}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-toggle{-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;flex:none;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:28px;height:28px;margin:0;padding:0;border:none;border-radius:8px;background:0 0;color:var(--muted-text);cursor:pointer;transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-toggle:hover{background:var(--menu-hover-bg);color:var(--link-color)}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-toggle:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:2px}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-toggle svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor;display:block;transform:rotate(90deg);transition:transform .25s cubic-bezier(.4, 0, .2, 1)}[dir=rtl] .BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-toggle svg{transform:rotate(90deg) scaleY(-1)}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-item.is-collapsed>.ah-row .ah-toggle svg{transform:rotate(0)}[dir=rtl] .BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-item.is-collapsed>.ah-row .ah-toggle svg{transform:rotate(180deg)}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-row .post-count-link{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:6px 8px;border-radius:8px;color:var(--body-text);text-decoration:none;line-height:1.35;transition:color .18s ease}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-row .post-count-link:hover{color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-row .post-count-link:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:2px}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy>ul.hierarchy>li.ah-item>.ah-row .post-count-link{font-weight:700;color:var(--heading-text);font-size:.9rem}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy>ul.hierarchy>li.ah-item>.ah-row .post-count-link:hover{color:var(--link-color)}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy ul.hierarchy ul.hierarchy .ah-row .post-count-link{font-weight:500;font-size:.84rem}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-name{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-badge{flex:none;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-width:24px;height:19px;padding:0 7px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--label-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);color:var(--muted-text);font-size:.6563rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-row .post-count-link:hover .ah-badge{background:var(--link-color);border-color:var(--link-color);color:#fff}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-content{display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr;transition:grid-template-rows .3s cubic-bezier(.4, 0, .2, 1)}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-content-inner{min-height:0;overflow:hidden}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-item.is-collapsed>.ah-content{grid-template-rows:0fr}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-content ul.hierarchy{position:relative;margin:2px 0 4px 13px;padding-left:16px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:2px}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-content ul.hierarchy::before{content:"";position:absolute;top:2px;bottom:2px;left:0;width:1.5px;border-radius:2px;background:var(--border-color)}[dir=rtl] .BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-content ul.hierarchy{margin:2px 13px 4px 0;padding-left:0;padding-right:16px}[dir=rtl] .BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-content ul.hierarchy::before{left:auto;right:0}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy ul.posts{gap:0!important}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy ul.posts li.ah-post{margin:0;padding:0}.BlogArchive #ArchiveList ul.posts li{padding-left:0;margin:0}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy ul.posts li.ah-post a{position:relative;display:block;min-width:0;padding:6px 10px 6px 14px;border-radius:8px;border-left:2px solid transparent;color:var(--body-text);font-size:.82rem;line-height:1.45;text-decoration:none;transition:background .16s ease,color .16s ease,border-color .16s ease}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy ul.posts li.ah-post a:focus-visible,.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy ul.posts li.ah-post a:hover{background:var(--label-bg);color:var(--link-color);border-left-color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none}[dir=rtl] .BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy ul.posts li.ah-post a{border-left:none;border-right:2px solid transparent;padding:6px 14px 6px 10px}[dir=rtl] .BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy ul.posts li.ah-post a:focus-visible,[dir=rtl] .BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy ul.posts li.ah-post a:hover{border-right-color:var(--link-color)}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy ul.posts li.ah-post a:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:1px}.BlogArchive .hierarchy-title{margin-bottom:0}.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown .ad-select-wrap{position:relative;display:block;max-width:100%}.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown select{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;display:block;width:100%;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;height:44px;padding:0 42px 0 14px;font:inherit;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.4;color:var(--body-text);background:var(--card-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:10px;box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-light);cursor:pointer;transition:border-color .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease,background .18s ease}.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown select::-ms-expand{display:none}.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown select:hover{border-color:var(--link-color)}.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown select:focus,.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown select:focus-visible{outline:0;border-color:var(--link-color);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(51,102,204,.16)}[data-theme=dark] .BlogArchive .archive-dropdown select:focus,[data-theme=dark] .BlogArchive .archive-dropdown select:focus-visible{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(111,168,220,.2)}.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown select option{background:var(--card-bg);color:var(--body-text)}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-empty,.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-loading{padding:4px 10px 8px 32px;font-size:.8125rem;color:var(--muted-text)}.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-error{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:underline}.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown.is-enhanced .ad-arrow,.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown.is-enhanced select{display:none}.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown .ad-btn{-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;height:44px;margin:0;padding:0 14px;font:inherit;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.4;color:var(--body-text);background:var(--card-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:10px;box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-light);cursor:pointer;text-align:left;transition:border-color .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease,background .18s ease,border-radius .12s ease}[dir=rtl] .BlogArchive .archive-dropdown .ad-btn{text-align:right}.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown .ad-btn:hover{border-color:var(--link-color)}.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown .ad-btn:focus,.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown .ad-btn:focus-visible{outline:0;border-color:var(--link-color);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(51,102,204,.16)}[data-theme=dark] .BlogArchive .archive-dropdown .ad-btn:focus,[data-theme=dark] .BlogArchive .archive-dropdown .ad-btn:focus-visible{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(111,168,220,.2)}.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown .ad-btn-text{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown .ad-caret{width:18px;height:18px;flex:none;fill:var(--muted-text);transition:transform .25s cubic-bezier(.4, 0, .2, 1)}.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown.is-open .ad-btn{border-radius:10px 10px 0 0;border-color:var(--link-color)}.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown.is-open .ad-caret{transform:rotate(180deg)}.BlogArchive #ArchiveList .archive-dropdown .ad-panel{position:absolute;z-index:30;top:100%;left:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;max-height:320px;overflow:auto;margin:0;padding:10px;list-style:none;background:var(--card-bg);border:1px solid var(--link-color);border-top:0;border-radius:0 0 10px 10px;box-shadow:var(--box-shadow)}.BlogArchive #ArchiveList .archive-dropdown .ad-panel li.ad-opt{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;margin:3px 0;padding:10px 14px;border-radius:7px;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.4;color:var(--body-text);cursor:pointer}.BlogArchive #ArchiveList .archive-dropdown .ad-panel li.ad-opt:focus-visible,.BlogArchive #ArchiveList .archive-dropdown .ad-panel li.ad-opt:hover{outline:0;background:var(--menu-hover-bg);color:var(--link-color)}.BlogArchive #ArchiveList .archive-dropdown .ad-opt-name{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.BlogArchive #ArchiveList .archive-dropdown .ad-badge{flex:none;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-width:26px;height:20px;padding:0 8px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--label-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);color:var(--muted-text);font-size:.6875rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.BlogArchive #ArchiveList .archive-dropdown li.ad-opt:focus-visible .ad-badge,.BlogArchive #ArchiveList .archive-dropdown li.ad-opt:hover .ad-badge{background:var(--link-color);border-color:var(--link-color);color:#fff}.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown .ad-arrow{position:absolute;top:50%;right:13px;width:18px;height:18px;margin-top:-9px;fill:var(--muted-text);pointer-events:none;transition:fill .18s ease,transform .25s cubic-bezier(.4, 0, .2, 1)}.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown .ad-select-wrap:hover .ad-arrow{fill:var(--link-color)}.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown .ad-select-wrap:focus-within .ad-arrow,.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown select:focus+.ad-arrow{fill:var(--link-color);transform:rotate(180deg)}[dir=rtl] .BlogArchive .archive-dropdown select{padding:0 14px 0 42px}[dir=rtl] .BlogArchive .archive-dropdown .ad-arrow{right:auto;left:13px}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown .ad-arrow,.BlogArchive .archive-dropdown select,.BlogArchive .archive-flat li.archivedate a,.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-content,.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy .ah-toggle svg,.BlogArchive .archive-hierarchy ul.posts li.ah-post a{transition:none}.BlogArchive .archive-flat li.archivedate a:hover{transform:none}}.civilengineer-toc--pm .civilengineer-toc__chevron{transform:none!important}.civilengineer-toc--pm .civilengineer-toc__pm-v{transform-origin:50% 50%;transition:opacity .22s ease,transform .22s ease}.civilengineer-toc--pm:not(.is-collapsed) .civilengineer-toc__pm-v{opacity:0;transform:scaleY(0)}.civilengineer-toc--noanim .civilengineer-toc__body,.civilengineer-toc--noanim .civilengineer-toc__chevron,.civilengineer-toc--noanim .civilengineer-toc__pm-v{transition:none!important}.civilengineer-toc--nosticky.civilengineer-toc--sidebar{position:static;top:auto}:root{--civilengineer-toc-float-gap:10px;--civilengineer-toc-float-max:min(32vh, 280px)}#civilengineer-toc-marker.civilengineer-toc-marker--float{display:contents}.civilengineer-toc.civilengineer-toc--float{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:calc(var(--civilengineer-hdr-total,var(--header-height)) + var(--civilengineer-toc-float-gap));z-index:50;transition:box-shadow .25s ease}.civilengineer-toc.civilengineer-toc--float.is-stuck{box-shadow:0 calc(-1 * var(--civilengineer-toc-float-gap)) 0 0 var(--wrapper-bg),0 10px 24px -8px rgba(0,0,0,.28),0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.1)}[data-theme=dark] .civilengineer-toc.civilengineer-toc--float.is-stuck{box-shadow:0 calc(-1 * var(--civilengineer-toc-float-gap)) 0 0 var(--wrapper-bg),0 10px 24px -8px rgba(0,0,0,.65),0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.4)}.civilengineer-toc.civilengineer-toc--float:not(.is-collapsed) .civilengineer-toc__body{max-height:var(--civilengineer-toc-float-max)!important;overflow-y:auto;overscroll-behavior:contain;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;scrollbar-width:thin}.civilengineer-toc.civilengineer-toc--float.is-collapsed .civilengineer-toc__body{max-height:0!important;overflow:hidden}@media (max-width:800px){:root{--civilengineer-toc-float-max:min(26vh, 200px)}}@media (max-height:480px){:root{--civilengineer-toc-float-max:22vh}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.civilengineer-toc.civilengineer-toc--float{transition:none}}@media print{#civilengineer-toc-marker.civilengineer-toc-marker--float{display:block}.civilengineer-toc.civilengineer-toc--float{position:static;box-shadow:none!important}.civilengineer-toc.civilengineer-toc--float:not(.is-collapsed) .civilengineer-toc__body{max-height:none!important;overflow:visible}}.comments-threaded a.comment-reply{display:none!important}.civilengineer-reply{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;font-size:.76rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1;color:var(--muted-text);background:0 0;border:1px solid var(--border-color);border-radius:999px;padding:5px 12px;margin:0 8px 0 0;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;transition:color .18s ease,background .18s ease,border-color .18s ease}.civilengineer-reply:focus-visible,.civilengineer-reply:hover{color:#fff;background:var(--link-color);border-color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none}.civilengineer-reply.is-active{color:#fff;background:var(--link-color);border-color:var(--link-color)}.civilengineer-reply svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:currentColor;flex:none}.comments-threaded .comment-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px 0;margin-top:8px}.comments-threaded .comment-replies .comment-block,.comments-threaded .comment-replies .comment-content{font-size:inherit}.comments-threaded .comment-replies .civilengineer-reply{font-size:.74rem;padding:4px 11px}.civilengineer-replybar{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;margin:0 0 12px;padding:9px 14px;border-radius:10px;background:var(--secondary-bg);border:1px solid var(--border-color);font-size:.82rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--body-text)}.civilengineer-replybar[hidden]{display:none!important}.civilengineer-replybar-cancel{-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;font:inherit;font-size:.76rem;font-weight:700;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;border:1px solid var(--border-color);background:0 0;color:var(--muted-text);cursor:pointer}.civilengineer-replybar-cancel:hover{color:#fff;background:var(--link-color);border-color:var(--link-color)}[dir=rtl] .civilengineer-reply{margin:0 0 0 8px}.civilengineer-sticky-ads{margin:0 0 24px;text-align:center}.civilengineer-sticky-ads-label{display:block;margin:0 0 8px;font-size:.68rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted-text)}.civilengineer-sticky-ads-inner{max-width:100%;overflow:hidden}.civilengineer-sticky-ads-inner iframe,.civilengineer-sticky-ads-inner img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.civilengineer-sticky-ads:has(.civilengineer-sticky-ads-inner:empty){display:none}.civilengineer-lay-row{display:contents}.footer-col-brand>.section{display:contents}.footer-col-brand>.section:last-child .widget:last-child{margin-bottom:0}#site-footer{--fc-gap-about:28px;--fc-gap-follow:28px}#site-footer #footer-about .widget,#site-footer #footer-follow .widget,#site-footer #footer-social .widget{margin:0}#site-footer #footer-about .footer-about{margin-bottom:var(--fc-gap-about)}#site-footer #footer-about .fa-bio,#site-footer #footer-about .fa-head:last-child,#site-footer #footer-about .fa-link{margin-bottom:0}#site-footer #footer-follow .civilengineer-follow-wrap{margin:0 0 var(--fc-gap-follow)}#site-footer #footer-social .footer-social{margin-top:0}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){#site-footer #footer-follow .civilengineer-follow-wrap{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}}body#layout .civilengineer-lay-row{display:grid;gap:6px 10px;margin:0 0 8px;align-items:start}body#layout .civilengineer-lay-row-2{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}body#layout .civilengineer-lay-row-3{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}body#layout .civilengineer-lay-row>div.section{width:auto;margin:0;float:none;display:block}body#layout .civilengineer-lay-row .custom-css,body#layout .civilengineer-lay-row .header-navigasi-menu,body#layout .civilengineer-lay-row .security-recaptcha,body#layout .civilengineer-lay-row .template-settings{width:auto!important;display:block!important}body#layout #header-navigasi-menu::before{content:"HEADER-NAVIGASI-MENU \2014 Pengaturan Navigasi (klik Edit)";background:#0b5394}body#layout #sidebar-sticky::before{content:"SIDEBAR \2014 Kode Iklan Sticky (Adsense / iklan pihak ketiga)";background:#2e7d32}body#layout .civilengineer-sticky-ads{margin:0;text-align:left}html.civilengineer-msticky-normal #header-container.civilengineer-hdr-hidden{-webkit-transform:none;transform:none}@media only screen and (max-width:800px){html.civilengineer-msticky-normal #header-container{-webkit-transform:translateZ(0);transform:translateZ(0)}html.civilengineer-msticky-smart #header-container{will-change:transform}body.menu-opened #header-container.civilengineer-hdr-hidden,body.mm-lock #header-container.civilengineer-hdr-hidden{-webkit-transform:none;transform:none}}.mm-nosticky #header-container{-webkit-transform:none!important;transform:none!important}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html.civilengineer-msticky-smart #header-container{will-change:auto}}@media only screen and (min-width:769px){.footer-bottom-inner{min-height:calc(var(--footer-bar-h) - 42px)}}#site-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--footer-divider)}#site-footer .footer-center{padding-top:28px;padding-bottom:28px;position:relative;z-index:1}#site-footer #footer-brand .widget{margin-top:28px;margin-bottom:0}#site-footer .footer-col-brand .footer-logo{max-width:100%}:root{--sb-size:12px;--sb-gap:3px;--sb-arrow:8px;--sb-arrow-pressed:5px;--sb-arrow-up:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 8 8'%3E%3Cpath d='M4 2.3 7 5.7H1z' fill='%236b6b6b' stroke='%236b6b6b' stroke-linejoin='round'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");--sb-arrow-down:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 8 8'%3E%3Cpath d='M4 5.7 7 2.3H1z' fill='%236b6b6b' stroke='%236b6b6b' stroke-linejoin='round'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");--sb-arrow-left:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 8 8'%3E%3Cpath d='M2.3 4 5.7 1V7z' fill='%236b6b6b' stroke='%236b6b6b' stroke-linejoin='round'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");--sb-arrow-right:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 8 8'%3E%3Cpath d='M5.7 4 2.3 1V7z' fill='%236b6b6b' stroke='%236b6b6b' stroke-linejoin='round'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}:root[data-theme=dark]{--sb-arrow-up:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 8 8'%3E%3Cpath d='M4 2.3 7 5.7H1z' fill='%23a6a6a6' stroke='%23a6a6a6' stroke-linejoin='round'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");--sb-arrow-down:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 8 8'%3E%3Cpath d='M4 5.7 7 2.3H1z' fill='%23a6a6a6' stroke='%23a6a6a6' stroke-linejoin='round'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");--sb-arrow-left:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 8 8'%3E%3Cpath d='M2.3 4 5.7 1V7z' fill='%23a6a6a6' stroke='%23a6a6a6' stroke-linejoin='round'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");--sb-arrow-right:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 8 8'%3E%3Cpath d='M5.7 4 2.3 1V7z' fill='%23a6a6a6' stroke='%23a6a6a6' stroke-linejoin='round'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}::-webkit-scrollbar{width:var(--sb-size);height:var(--sb-size);background:0 0}::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:0 0}::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{min-height:32px;min-width:32px;border:var(--sb-gap) solid transparent;border-radius:999px;background-color:var(--scrollbar-thumb);background-clip:padding-box}::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:active,::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:var(--scrollbar-thumb-hover)}::-webkit-scrollbar-button{display:none;width:0;height:0;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;background-size:var(--sb-arrow) var(--sb-arrow)}::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:end:increment,::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:start:decrement,::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:end:increment,::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:start:decrement{display:block;width:var(--sb-size);height:var(--sb-size)}::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:start:decrement{background-image:var(--sb-arrow-up)}::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:end:increment{background-image:var(--sb-arrow-down)}::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:start:decrement{background-image:var(--sb-arrow-left)}::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:end:increment{background-image:var(--sb-arrow-right)}::-webkit-scrollbar-button:active{background-size:var(--sb-arrow-pressed) var(--sb-arrow-pressed)}#cssmenu>ul::-webkit-scrollbar-button,.post-body .code-box pre::-webkit-scrollbar-button{display:none!important}::-webkit-scrollbar-corner{background:0 0}@supports not selector(::-webkit-scrollbar){*{scrollbar-width:thin;scrollbar-color:var(--scrollbar-thumb) transparent}}.blogger-clickTrap{display:none!important;pointer-events:none!important}@media screen and (min-width:801px){#cssmenu>ul{-ms-flex-wrap:wrap!important;flex-wrap:wrap!important;-ms-flex-line-pack:center;align-content:center;height:auto!important;min-height:var(--header-height)}#cssmenu>ul>li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto}#cssmenu>ul>li>a{max-width:none;overflow:visible;text-overflow:clip;white-space:nowrap}}@media screen and (min-width:801px){#cssmenu>ul>li.mm-hov,#cssmenu>ul>li.mm-open{z-index:40}}@media screen and (min-width:801px) and (max-width:1199px){:root{--civilengineer-hdr-total:var(--civilengineer-top-h);--mm-dur:120ms}#header-wrapper{position:relative}#header-container .civilengineer-topbar{position:relative;padding-left:52px;box-sizing:border-box}#header-container .navmenu{display:block;position:absolute;width:0;height:0;overflow:visible;pointer-events:none;border:0}#header-container .navmenu #cssmenu,#header-container .navmenu .civilengineer-navrow{width:0;height:0;overflow:visible;pointer-events:none}#header-container .navmenu #cssmenu>ul{pointer-events:auto}#header-container .civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-ww{display:none}#header-container .civilengineer-hdr-actions .civilengineer-cf-wrap{display:block}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul>li.civilengineer-cf-li{display:none!important}#header-container .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button{display:block;position:absolute;left:4px;top:50%;width:44px;height:44px;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:10px;background:0 0;cursor:pointer;outline:0;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:1004}#header-container .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button:focus-visible,#header-container .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button:hover{background:var(--menu-hover-bg)}#header-container .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:2px}#header-container .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button .mline1,#header-container .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button .mline2,#header-container .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button .mline3{position:absolute;left:11px;display:block;width:22px;height:3px;border-radius:5px;background:var(--header-text);transition:.2s}#header-container .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button .mline1{top:13px}#header-container .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button .mline2{top:20px}#header-container .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button .mline3{top:27px}#header-container .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button.menu-opened .mline1{top:20px;transform:rotate(45deg)}#header-container .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button.menu-opened .mline2{top:20px;transform:rotate(-45deg)}#header-container .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button.menu-opened .mline3{display:none}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer{position:static;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;height:100%}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer #menu-button{display:none}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul{display:block!important;position:fixed;left:0;top:var(--civilengineer-hdr-total);bottom:0;width:min(330px,88vw);height:calc(100vh - var(--civilengineer-hdr-total))!important;height:calc(100dvh - var(--civilengineer-hdr-total))!important;max-height:none!important;margin:0;padding:4px 14px 34px;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--wrapper-bg)!important;border-right:1px solid var(--mm-border);box-shadow:none;overflow-y:auto;overflow-x:hidden;overscroll-behavior:contain;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;opacity:1;visibility:visible;-webkit-transform:translateX(-103%);transform:translateX(-103%);will-change:transform;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease),box-shadow var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease);transition:transform var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease),box-shadow var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease);z-index:1003}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul.mm-open{-webkit-transform:none;transform:none;box-shadow:none}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer #menu-button{position:relative;display:block;width:44px;height:44px;margin:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;outline:0;border:0;border-radius:10px;background:0 0;z-index:1004}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer #menu-button:focus-visible,#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer #menu-button:hover{background:var(--menu-hover-bg)}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer #menu-button:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color);outline-offset:2px}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mline1,#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mline2,#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mline3{position:absolute;left:11px;display:block;width:22px;height:3px;border-radius:5px;background:var(--header-text);-webkit-transition:.2s;transition:.2s}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mline1{top:13px}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mline2{top:20px}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mline3{top:27px}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer #menu-button.menu-opened .mline1{top:20px;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg)}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer #menu-button.menu-opened .mline2{top:20px;-webkit-transform:rotate(-45deg);transform:rotate(-45deg)}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer #menu-button.menu-opened .mline3{display:none}body.mm-lock #header-container{-webkit-transform:none!important;transform:none!important;z-index:1002!important;background:var(--header-bg)}body.mm-lock{overflow:hidden}.mm-backdrop{display:block;position:fixed;top:var(--civilengineer-hdr-total);right:0;bottom:0;left:0;z-index:1000;background:rgba(15,17,20,.5);-webkit-backdrop-filter:none;backdrop-filter:none;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none;-webkit-transition:opacity var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease),visibility var(--mm-dur);transition:opacity var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease),visibility var(--mm-dur)}.mm-backdrop.show{opacity:1;visibility:visible;pointer-events:auto}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul>li{float:none;width:100%;margin:0;border-top:0!important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--mm-border);background:0 0!important;position:relative}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul>li:last-child{border-bottom:0}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul>li>a{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:12px;width:auto;max-width:100%;padding:15px 52px 15px 4px;box-sizing:border-box;line-height:1.4;font-size:.92rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;color:var(--heading-text)!important;border-radius:8px;white-space:normal;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:clip}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul>li.active>a{color:var(--mm-accent)!important}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul>li>a .mm-i,#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul>li>a svg.mm-ico{color:var(--mm-accent);flex:none}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul>li.has-mega>a::after,#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul>li.has-sub>a::after{display:none}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-tgl{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;position:absolute;top:9px;right:6px;width:34px;height:34px;padding:0;border:1px solid var(--mm-border);border-radius:9px;background:var(--card-bg);color:var(--muted-text);cursor:pointer;z-index:2}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-tgl svg{width:18px;height:18px;fill:currentColor;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease);transition:transform var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease)}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer li.mm-exp>.mm-tgl{color:var(--mm-accent);border-color:var(--mm-accent);background:var(--label-bg)}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer li.mm-exp>.mm-tgl svg{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-panel,#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer ul ul{display:none;position:static!important;left:0;width:auto;max-width:100%;min-width:0;height:auto!important;margin:0 0 8px;padding:0 0 2px 14px;box-sizing:border-box;background:0 0!important;border:0;border-radius:0;box-shadow:none!important;opacity:1!important;visibility:visible!important;-webkit-transform:none!important;transform:none!important;pointer-events:auto!important}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer li:focus-within>ul,#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer li:hover>ul{display:none}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer li.mm-exp>.mm-panel,#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer li.mm-exp>ul{display:block;-webkit-animation:mmAcc var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease);animation:mmAcc var(--mm-dur) var(--mm-ease)}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer li.mm-exp>.mm-panel .mm-list,#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer li.mm-exp>.mm-panel ul{display:block!important}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer ul ul li{width:100%;margin:0;position:relative;border:0!important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-light)!important;background:0 0!important}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer ul ul li:last-child{border-bottom:0!important}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-panel li a,#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer ul ul li a{display:block;width:auto;max-width:100%;padding:12px 46px 12px 6px;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:.86rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.5;color:var(--body-text)!important;border:0;border-radius:7px;white-space:normal;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:clip}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer ul ul ul{margin-left:0;padding-left:12px}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer ul ul .mm-tgl{top:7px;right:4px;width:32px;height:32px}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul>li.civilengineer-cf-li{display:block}[dir=rtl] #cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer{-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;text-align:right}[dir=rtl] #cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul{right:0;left:auto;border-right:0;border-left:1px solid var(--mm-border);-webkit-transform:translateX(103%);transform:translateX(103%)}[dir=rtl] #cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul.mm-open{-webkit-transform:none;transform:none}[dir=rtl] #cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul>li>a{padding:15px 4px 15px 52px;text-align:right}[dir=rtl] #cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-tgl{right:auto;left:6px}[dir=rtl] #cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-panel,[dir=rtl] #cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer ul ul{padding:0 14px 2px 0;text-align:right}[dir=rtl] #cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer ul ul ul{padding-right:12px;padding-left:0}[dir=rtl] #cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer ul ul .mm-tgl{right:auto;left:4px}}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-grid{display:block;width:100%}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-col{margin:0;min-width:0}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-head{display:block;margin:0;padding:13px 6px 9px;font-size:.78rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.35;letter-spacing:.02em;text-transform:none;color:var(--heading-text);border-bottom:1px solid var(--mm-border)}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-list{margin:0;padding:0}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-panel .mm-list li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-light)!important}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-panel .mm-list li:last-child{border-bottom:0!important}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-panel li a{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:10px;padding:12px 8px 12px 14px}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-panel li a .mm-i,#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-panel li a svg.mm-ico{width:16px;height:16px;margin-top:3px;color:var(--mm-accent);fill:currentColor}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer ul ul li a{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:10px}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer ul ul li a .mm-i{width:16px;height:16px;margin-top:3px;color:var(--mm-accent)}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-desc{font-size:.72rem}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-featured{box-sizing:border-box;max-width:100%;padding:13px;margin:12px 2px 12px 0;border:1px solid var(--mm-border);border-radius:12px;background:var(--label-bg)}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-card{display:block;text-decoration:none;color:inherit}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-card-thumb{display:block;position:relative;height:0;padding-top:52%;overflow:hidden;border-radius:9px;margin-bottom:9px;background:var(--secondary-bg)}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-card-thumb img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-card-title{display:block;font-size:.86rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;color:var(--heading-text)}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-card-text{display:block;margin-top:3px;font-size:.74rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--mm-muted)}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer .mm-cta{display:inline-block;margin-top:10px;padding:8px 16px;font-size:.74rem;font-weight:700;color:#fff!important;background:var(--mm-accent);border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none!important}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul>li.civilengineer-cf-li>a{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;font-weight:700;color:var(--link-color)!important}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul>li.civilengineer-cf-li>a svg{width:18px;height:18px;fill:currentColor;flex-shrink:0}@media screen and (min-width:1200px){#header-container .civilengineer-topbar{position:static;padding-left:0}#header-container .navmenu{display:block}}@media screen and (min-width:1200px){#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim .civilengineer-topbar{position:relative;height:var(--civilengineer-top-h);opacity:1;visibility:visible;overflow:visible;transform:none;padding-left:52px;box-sizing:border-box}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-compact.civilengineer-hdr-slim .civilengineer-topbar{height:var(--civilengineer-top-h-c)}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim .navmenu{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:0;height:0;overflow:visible;border-top:0;z-index:1004}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim #cssmenu,#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim .civilengineer-navrow{width:0;height:0;overflow:visible}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim #cssmenu>ul{position:fixed;top:var(--civilengineer-hdr-total);left:0;bottom:0;width:min(360px,34vw);height:calc(100vh - var(--civilengineer-hdr-total))!important;height:calc(100dvh - var(--civilengineer-hdr-total))!important;margin:0;padding:8px 14px 28px;box-sizing:border-box;overflow-y:auto;overflow-x:hidden;background:var(--wrapper-bg)!important;border-right:1px solid var(--mm-border);opacity:1;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none;transform:translateX(-103%);transition:transform 120ms var(--mm-ease);will-change:transform;z-index:1003}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim #cssmenu>ul.mm-open{visibility:visible;pointer-events:auto;transform:none}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim #cssmenu>ul>li{float:none;width:100%;margin:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--mm-border);background:0 0!important}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim #cssmenu>ul>li>a{display:flex;align-items:center;min-height:42px;padding:9px 34px 9px 6px;box-sizing:border-box}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim #cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-cf-li{display:none!important}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button{display:block;position:absolute;left:4px;top:50%;width:44px;height:44px;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:10px;background:0 0;cursor:pointer;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:1004}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button .mline1,#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button .mline2,#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button .mline3{position:absolute;left:11px;display:block;width:22px;height:3px;border-radius:5px;background:var(--header-text)}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button .mline1{top:13px}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button .mline2{top:20px}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button .mline3{top:27px}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim .mm-backdrop{top:var(--civilengineer-hdr-total)}}@media screen and (min-width:1200px){#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim .navmenu{top:var(--civilengineer-top-h);left:0;width:100%;height:0;overflow:visible;pointer-events:none}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-compact.civilengineer-hdr-slim .navmenu{top:var(--civilengineer-top-h-c)}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim #cssmenu,#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim .civilengineer-navrow{width:100%;height:var(--header-height);overflow:visible;pointer-events:none}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim #cssmenu>ul{display:none!important;position:static;width:100%;height:var(--header-height)!important;max-height:none!important;margin:0;padding:0;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;pointer-events:none;opacity:1;transform:none;border:0;box-shadow:none}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim #cssmenu>ul.mm-open{display:flex!important;align-items:center;pointer-events:auto}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim #cssmenu>ul>li{float:none;width:auto;margin:0;border:0;background:0 0!important}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim #cssmenu>ul>li>a{min-height:var(--header-height);padding:0 14px;white-space:nowrap}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim #cssmenu>ul>li.civilengineer-cf-li{display:none!important}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim.civilengineer-mega-open{padding-left:0}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim.civilengineer-mega-open .civilengineer-topbar{padding-left:0}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim.civilengineer-mega-open .civilengineer-tablet-menu-button{display:none}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim.civilengineer-mega-open .navmenu{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;overflow:visible;pointer-events:auto;border-top:1px solid var(--header-hairline,var(--border-color))}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim.civilengineer-mega-open #cssmenu,#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim.civilengineer-mega-open .civilengineer-navrow{width:auto;height:var(--header-height);pointer-events:auto}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim.civilengineer-mega-open #cssmenu>ul{display:flex!important;position:static;width:auto;height:var(--header-height)!important;max-height:none!important;margin:0;padding:0;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;pointer-events:auto;transform:none;border:0;box-shadow:none}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim.civilengineer-mega-open #cssmenu>ul>li{float:none;width:auto;margin:0;border:0;background:0 0!important}#header-container.civilengineer-hdr-slim.civilengineer-mega-open #cssmenu>ul>li>a{min-height:var(--header-height);padding:0 14px}@media screen and (min-width:801px){#cssmenu>ul>li.mm-hov>a,#cssmenu>ul>li.mm-open>a,#cssmenu>ul>li:hover>a,#cssmenu>ul>li>a:hover{background:0 0;box-shadow:inset 0 -3px 0 var(--mm-accent)}#cssmenu .mm-panel{border-top:0;border-radius:0 0 var(--mm-radius) var(--mm-radius);box-shadow:var(--header-shadow-down,var(--header-shadow-scroll,var(--box-shadow)))}}}@media screen and (min-width:801px) and (max-width:1199px){#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul{padding-top:0!important;margin-top:0!important;scroll-padding-top:0;align-content:flex-start!important;justify-content:flex-start!important}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul>li:first-child{margin-top:0!important}#cssmenu.civilengineer-nav-drawer>ul>li:empty{display:none!important}}#Blog1,.civilengineer-featured-grid>#above-post-widget>.widget,.civilengineer-featured-grid>#main>.widget,.civilengineer-featured-grid>.widget{min-width:0}#body-post-it,.blog-posts,.post,.post-body,.post-body-artikel,.post-outer{min-width:0;max-width:100%}.post-container{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;min-width:0}.civilengineer-table-wrap{display:block!important;position:relative;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box!important;box-sizing:border-box!important;width:100%!important;max-width:100%!important;min-width:0!important;overflow-x:auto!important;overscroll-behavior-x:contain;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;scrollbar-width:thin;scrollbar-color:var(--table-border,#a2a9b1) transparent;margin:1.5rem 0}.civilengineer-table-wrap:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link-color,#1a73e8);outline-offset:2px}.civilengineer-table-wrap::-webkit-scrollbar{height:10px}.civilengineer-table-wrap::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:0 0}.civilengineer-table-wrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:var(--table-border,#a2a9b1);border-radius:999px}.civilengineer-table-wrap>table{display:table!important;width:auto!important;max-width:none!important;min-width:100%!important;margin:0!important;table-layout:auto!important}.post-body div[style*="overflow: auto"i],.post-body div[style*="overflow: scroll"i],.post-body div[style*="overflow:auto"i],.post-body div[style*="overflow:scroll"i],.post-body div[style*=overflow-x i]{display:block;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;max-width:100%;min-width:0;overflow-x:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;scrollbar-width:thin}.post-body div[style*="overflow: auto"i]>table,.post-body div[style*="overflow: scroll"i]>table,.post-body div[style*="overflow:auto"i]>table,.post-body div[style*="overflow:scroll"i]>table,.post-body div[style*=overflow-x i]>table{width:auto;max-width:none;min-width:100%;margin:0}.civilengineer-table-hint{display:none;margin:-1.15rem 0 1.5rem;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.4;color:var(--secondary-text,#5f6368);-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none}.civilengineer-table-hint.is-on{display:block}.civilengineer-table-hint.is-done{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;-webkit-transition:opacity .25s ease,visibility .25s ease;transition:opacity .25s ease,visibility .25s ease}.civilengineer-table-hint i{font-style:normal;margin-right:4px}@media screen and (max-width:480px){.civilengineer-table-wrap{margin:1.25rem 0}.civilengineer-table-hint{margin:-.9rem 0 1.25rem}}@media print{.civilengineer-table-wrap{overflow:visible!important}.civilengineer-table-wrap>table{min-width:0!important;width:100%!important}.civilengineer-table-hint{display:none!important}}
