{ "target_lang": "fr", "native_lang": "en", "stages": [ { "level": 1, "name": "Basics", "unlock_at": 0 }, { "level": 2, "name": "Everyday", "unlock_at": 50 }, { "level": 3, "name": "Conversational", "unlock_at": 80 }, { "level": 4, "name": "Expressive", "unlock_at": 100 } ], "cards": [ { "id": "es-en-L1-001", "level": 1, "front": "hola", "front_trans": "hello", "pron": "OH-lah", "pos": "interjection", "gender": null, "back": "saludo informal para saludar a alguien", "back_trans": "informal greeting used to say hello", "usage": "¡Hola, amigo!, Hola, ¿cómo estás?, Hola a todos", "family": "saludar (verb), saludo (noun)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "buenos días", "buenas tardes", "saludar", "adiós" ], "example": "Hola, me llamo Carlos.", "example_trans": "Hello, my name is Carlos.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-002", "level": 1, "front": "adiós", "front_trans": "goodbye", "pron": "ah-DYOS", "pos": "interjection", "gender": null, "back": "expresión para despedirse de alguien", "back_trans": "expression used when leaving or parting", "usage": "Decir adiós, ¡Adiós, hasta luego!, Adiós por ahora", "family": "despedir (verb), despedida (noun)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "hasta luego", "hasta pronto", "chao", "hola" ], "example": "Adiós, nos vemos mañana.", "example_trans": "Goodbye, see you tomorrow.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-003", "level": 1, "front": "gracias", "front_trans": "thank you", "pron": "GRAH-syahs", "pos": "interjection", "gender": null, "back": "expresión de agradecimiento hacia alguien", "back_trans": "expression of gratitude toward someone", "usage": "Muchas gracias, gracias por todo, dar las gracias", "family": "agradecer (verb), agradecimiento (noun), agradecido (adj)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "de nada", "por favor", "perdón", "muchas gracias" ], "example": "Gracias por tu ayuda.", "example_trans": "Thank you for your help.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-004", "level": 1, "front": "por favor", "front_trans": "please", "pron": "por fah-BOR", "pos": "adv", "gender": null, "back": "expresión de cortesía para hacer una petición", "back_trans": "polite expression used when making a request", "usage": "¿Me ayudas, por favor?, Un café, por favor, Por favor, espera", "family": "favor (noun), favorable (adj)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "gracias", "perdón", "disculpe", "de nada" ], "example": "Por favor, habla más despacio.", "example_trans": "Please, speak more slowly.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-005", "level": 1, "front": "perdón", "front_trans": "sorry / excuse me", "pron": "per-DON", "pos": "interjection / noun", "gender": "m", "back": "expresión para disculparse o pedir paso", "back_trans": "expression to apologize or ask to pass", "usage": "Pedir perdón, ¡Perdón, no sabía!, Perdona la molestia", "family": "perdonar (verb), perdonable (adj)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "disculpe", "lo siento", "disculpa", "por favor" ], "example": "Perdón, ¿puedes repetir eso?", "example_trans": "Sorry, can you repeat that?", "note": "False friend alert: 'perdón' does not mean 'pardon' in the sense of a legal pardon (use 'indulto' for that)." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-006", "level": 1, "front": "lo siento", "front_trans": "I'm sorry", "pron": "lo SYEN-to", "pos": "phrase", "gender": null, "back": "expresión de disculpa o empatía ante algo negativo", "back_trans": "expression of apology or empathy for something negative", "usage": "Lo siento mucho, Lo siento de verdad, Lo siento por lo que pasó", "family": "sentir (verb), sentimiento (noun), sentido (noun/adj)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Health & Wellbeing" ], "related": [ "perdón", "disculpe", "lamentar", "sentir" ], "example": "Lo siento, llegué tarde.", "example_trans": "I'm sorry, I arrived late.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-007", "level": 1, "front": "de nada", "front_trans": "you're welcome", "pron": "de NAH-dah", "pos": "phrase", "gender": null, "back": "respuesta cortés al agradecimiento de alguien", "back_trans": "polite response to someone's thanks", "usage": "De nada, con mucho gusto, De nada, fue un placer, ¡De nada!", "family": "nada (pronoun/adv)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "gracias", "con gusto", "con placer", "claro" ], "example": "—Gracias. —De nada.", "example_trans": "—Thank you. —You're welcome.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-008", "level": 1, "front": "buenos días", "front_trans": "good morning", "pron": "BWEH-nos DEE-ahs", "pos": "phrase", "gender": null, "back": "saludo formal usado por la mañana", "back_trans": "formal greeting used in the morning", "usage": "Buenos días, señor, ¡Buenos días a todos!, Dar los buenos días", "family": "bueno (adj), día (noun)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Time & Change" ], "related": [ "buenas tardes", "buenas noches", "hola", "saludar" ], "example": "Buenos días, ¿cómo amaneció?", "example_trans": "Good morning, how did you wake up?", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-009", "level": 1, "front": "buenas tardes", "front_trans": "good afternoon", "pron": "BWEH-nahs TAR-des", "pos": "phrase", "gender": null, "back": "saludo usado durante la tarde", "back_trans": "greeting used in the afternoon", "usage": "Buenas tardes, señora, ¡Buenas tardes!, Dar las buenas tardes", "family": "bueno (adj), tarde (noun/adv)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Time & Change" ], "related": [ "buenos días", "buenas noches", "hola", "saludar" ], "example": "Buenas tardes, bienvenidos al evento.", "example_trans": "Good afternoon, welcome to the event.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-010", "level": 1, "front": "buenas noches", "front_trans": "good night / good evening", "pron": "BWEH-nahs NO-ches", "pos": "phrase", "gender": null, "back": "saludo o despedida usado por la noche", "back_trans": "greeting or farewell used at night", "usage": "Buenas noches, descansa, ¡Buenas noches a todos!, Dar las buenas noches", "family": "bueno (adj), noche (noun)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Time & Change" ], "related": [ "buenos días", "buenas tardes", "dormir", "descansar" ], "example": "Buenas noches, que duermas bien.", "example_trans": "Good night, sleep well.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-011", "level": 1, "front": "ser", "front_trans": "to be (permanent)", "pron": "ser", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo que indica identidad, origen, características permanentes", "back_trans": "verb indicating identity, origin, or permanent characteristics", "usage": "Soy estudiante, Ella es de México, Somos amigos", "family": "siendo (gerund), sido (past participle)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "estar", "tener", "existir", "parecer" ], "example": "Soy médico y soy de España.", "example_trans": "I am a doctor and I am from Spain.", "note": "Key distinction: 'ser' is used for permanent or inherent qualities; 'estar' is used for temporary states or locations." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-012", "level": 1, "front": "estar", "front_trans": "to be (temporary)", "pron": "es-TAR", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo que indica estados temporales, emociones o ubicación", "back_trans": "verb indicating temporary states, emotions, or location", "usage": "Estoy cansado, ¿Dónde estás?, Está lloviendo", "family": "estando (gerund), estado (past participle)", "tags": [ "Health & Wellbeing", "Travel & Places" ], "related": [ "ser", "quedar", "encontrarse", "permanecer" ], "example": "Estoy en casa porque estoy enfermo.", "example_trans": "I am at home because I am sick.", "note": "Key distinction: 'estar' for location and temporary states; 'ser' for identity and permanent traits." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-013", "level": 1, "front": "tener", "front_trans": "to have", "pron": "te-NER", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo que indica posesión o necesidad", "back_trans": "verb indicating possession or necessity", "usage": "Tengo hambre, Tiene que estudiar, Tenemos tiempo", "family": "teniendo (gerund), tenido (past participle)", "tags": [ "Economy & Money", "People & Relationships" ], "related": [ "poseer", "haber", "necesitar", "disponer" ], "example": "Tengo dos hermanos y una hermana.", "example_trans": "I have two brothers and a sister.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-014", "level": 1, "front": "ir", "front_trans": "to go", "pron": "ir", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo de movimiento hacia un lugar o acción futura", "back_trans": "verb of movement toward a place or future action", "usage": "Voy al mercado, ¿A dónde vas?, Vamos a comer", "family": "yendo (gerund), ido (past participle)", "tags": [ "Travel & Places", "Time & Change" ], "related": [ "venir", "llegar", "salir", "volver" ], "example": "Voy a la tienda a comprar pan.", "example_trans": "I'm going to the store to buy bread.", "note": "Irregular: yo voy, tú vas, él va, nosotros vamos, ellos van." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-015", "level": 1, "front": "hacer", "front_trans": "to do / to make", "pron": "ah-SER", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo que indica realizar una acción o crear algo", "back_trans": "verb meaning to perform an action or create something", "usage": "Hacer la tarea, ¿Qué haces?, Hacer el desayuno", "family": "haciendo (gerund), hecho (past participle)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Food & Lifestyle" ], "related": [ "realizar", "crear", "producir", "elaborar" ], "example": "Hago ejercicio todos los días.", "example_trans": "I exercise every day.", "note": "Irregular first person: yo hago. Past participle irregular: hecho." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-016", "level": 1, "front": "querer", "front_trans": "to want / to love", "pron": "ke-RER", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo que expresa deseo o afecto hacia algo o alguien", "back_trans": "verb expressing desire or affection for something or someone", "usage": "Quiero agua, Te quiero mucho, Quiere ser médico", "family": "queriendo (gerund), querido (adj/noun)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Health & Wellbeing" ], "related": [ "desear", "amar", "necesitar", "gustar" ], "example": "Quiero aprender a hablar español.", "example_trans": "I want to learn to speak Spanish.", "note": "Stem-changing verb: quiero, quieres, quiere (e→ie). Also means 'to love' in personal contexts." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-017", "level": 1, "front": "poder", "front_trans": "to be able to / can", "pron": "po-DER", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo modal que indica capacidad o posibilidad", "back_trans": "modal verb indicating ability or possibility", "usage": "No puedo dormir, ¿Puedes ayudarme?, Podemos hacerlo", "family": "pudiendo (gerund), podido (past participle), poder (noun)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "saber", "deber", "lograr", "conseguir" ], "example": "¿Puedes hablar más despacio, por favor?", "example_trans": "Can you speak more slowly, please?", "note": "Stem-changing verb: puedo, puedes, puede (o→ue)." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-018", "level": 1, "front": "saber", "front_trans": "to know (fact/skill)", "pron": "sah-BER", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo que indica conocimiento de un hecho o habilidad", "back_trans": "verb indicating knowledge of a fact or skill", "usage": "No sé la respuesta, Sabe hablar inglés, ¿Sabes cocinar?", "family": "sabiendo (gerund), sabido (past participle), sabiduría (noun)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Science & Technology" ], "related": [ "conocer", "entender", "aprender", "recordar" ], "example": "Sé hablar tres idiomas.", "example_trans": "I know how to speak three languages.", "note": "Irregular first person: yo sé. 'Saber' for facts/skills; 'conocer' for people/places." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-019", "level": 1, "front": "venir", "front_trans": "to come", "pron": "be-NIR", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo que indica movimiento hacia el hablante", "back_trans": "verb indicating movement toward the speaker", "usage": "¿Vienes a la fiesta?, Vengo de trabajar, Ven aquí", "family": "viniendo (gerund), venido (past participle)", "tags": [ "Travel & Places", "People & Relationships" ], "related": [ "ir", "llegar", "volver", "regresar" ], "example": "Vengo de la universidad muy cansado.", "example_trans": "I come from the university very tired.", "note": "Irregular: yo vengo, tú vienes, él viene, nosotros venimos." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-020", "level": 1, "front": "hablar", "front_trans": "to speak / to talk", "pron": "ah-BLAR", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo que indica la acción de comunicarse verbalmente", "back_trans": "verb indicating the action of verbal communication", "usage": "Hablar español, ¿Puedo hablar contigo?, Hablar por teléfono", "family": "hablando (gerund), hablado (past participle), hablante (noun), habla (noun)", "tags": [ "Media & Communication", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "decir", "comunicar", "conversar", "charlar" ], "example": "Hablo español e inglés.", "example_trans": "I speak Spanish and English.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-021", "level": 1, "front": "comer", "front_trans": "to eat", "pron": "ko-MER", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo que indica la acción de ingerir alimentos", "back_trans": "verb indicating the action of ingesting food", "usage": "Comer bien, ¿Quieres comer algo?, Comer en casa", "family": "comiendo (gerund), comido (past participle), comida (noun), comensal (noun)", "tags": [ "Food & Lifestyle", "Health & Wellbeing" ], "related": [ "beber", "cocinar", "cenar", "desayunar" ], "example": "Como frutas y verduras todos los días.", "example_trans": "I eat fruits and vegetables every day.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-022", "level": 1, "front": "beber", "front_trans": "to drink", "pron": "be-BER", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo que indica la acción de ingerir líquidos", "back_trans": "verb indicating the action of ingesting liquids", "usage": "Beber agua, ¿Quieres beber algo?, Beber café", "family": "bebiendo (gerund), bebido (past participle), bebida (noun), bebedor (noun)", "tags": [ "Food & Lifestyle", "Health & Wellbeing" ], "related": [ "tomar", "comer", "hidratarse", "agua" ], "example": "Bebo mucha agua durante el día.", "example_trans": "I drink a lot of water during the day.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-023", "level": 1, "front": "vivir", "front_trans": "to live", "pron": "bi-BIR", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo que indica residir en un lugar o estar vivo", "back_trans": "verb meaning to reside somewhere or to be alive", "usage": "Vivir en Madrid, Vivir bien, ¿Dónde vives?", "family": "viviendo (gerund), vivido (past participle), vida (noun), vivo (adj)", "tags": [ "Housing & Urban Life", "Health & Wellbeing" ], "related": [ "residir", "morir", "existir", "habitar" ], "example": "Vivo en un apartamento cerca del centro.", "example_trans": "I live in an apartment near the city center.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-024", "level": 1, "front": "trabajar", "front_trans": "to work", "pron": "tra-ba-HAR", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo que indica realizar una actividad laboral", "back_trans": "verb meaning to perform work or labor", "usage": "Trabajar mucho, Trabajo en una oficina, ¿En qué trabajas?", "family": "trabajando (gerund), trabajado (past participle), trabajo (noun), trabajador (noun/adj)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Economy & Money" ], "related": [ "estudiar", "empleo", "oficina", "empresa" ], "example": "Trabajo de lunes a viernes.", "example_trans": "I work from Monday to Friday.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-025", "level": 1, "front": "estudiar", "front_trans": "to study", "pron": "es-tu-DYAR", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo que indica dedicarse al aprendizaje", "back_trans": "verb meaning to devote oneself to learning", "usage": "Estudiar para el examen, Estudio inglés, Estudiar en la universidad", "family": "estudiando (gerund), estudiado (past participle), estudiante (noun), estudio (noun)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "aprender", "leer", "practicar", "universidad" ], "example": "Estudio medicina en la universidad.", "example_trans": "I study medicine at the university.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-026", "level": 1, "front": "uno", "front_trans": "one", "pron": "OO-no", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": "m", "back": "el número 1; también artículo indefinido", "back_trans": "the number 1; also an indefinite article", "usage": "Uno más uno, Dame uno, Tengo un hijo", "family": "primero (adj), única (adj)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "dos", "primero", "solo", "único" ], "example": "Tengo un hermano y una hermana.", "example_trans": "I have one brother and one sister.", "note": "Shortened to 'un' before masculine nouns (un libro) and 'una' before feminine nouns (una casa)." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-027", "level": 1, "front": "dos", "front_trans": "two", "pron": "dos", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 2", "back_trans": "the number 2", "usage": "Dos personas, Somos dos, Dos veces", "family": "segundo (adj), doble (adj/noun)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "uno", "tres", "segundo", "par" ], "example": "Necesito dos entradas para el concierto.", "example_trans": "I need two tickets for the concert.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-028", "level": 1, "front": "tres", "front_trans": "three", "pron": "tres", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 3", "back_trans": "the number 3", "usage": "Tres veces, Somos tres, Tres días", "family": "tercero (adj), triple (adj/noun)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "dos", "cuatro", "tercero", "triple" ], "example": "Tengo tres mascotas en casa.", "example_trans": "I have three pets at home.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-029", "level": 1, "front": "cuatro", "front_trans": "four", "pron": "KWAH-tro", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 4", "back_trans": "the number 4", "usage": "Cuatro personas, Cuatro horas, Son las cuatro", "family": "cuarto (adj/noun)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Time & Change" ], "related": [ "tres", "cinco", "cuarto", "cuarteto" ], "example": "La reunión es a las cuatro de la tarde.", "example_trans": "The meeting is at four in the afternoon.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-030", "level": 1, "front": "cinco", "front_trans": "five", "pron": "SEEN-ko", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 5", "back_trans": "the number 5", "usage": "Cinco minutos, Cinco personas, Son las cinco", "family": "quinto (adj)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Time & Change" ], "related": [ "cuatro", "seis", "quinto", "minuto" ], "example": "Espera cinco minutos, por favor.", "example_trans": "Wait five minutes, please.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-031", "level": 1, "front": "seis", "front_trans": "six", "pron": "seis", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 6", "back_trans": "the number 6", "usage": "Seis meses, Seis años, Son las seis", "family": "sexto (adj)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Time & Change" ], "related": [ "cinco", "siete", "sexto", "media" ], "example": "Llevo seis meses estudiando español.", "example_trans": "I have been studying Spanish for six months.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-032", "level": 1, "front": "siete", "front_trans": "seven", "pron": "SYET-e", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 7", "back_trans": "the number 7", "usage": "Siete días, Siete años, Son las siete", "family": "séptimo (adj)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Time & Change" ], "related": [ "seis", "ocho", "séptimo", "semana" ], "example": "La semana tiene siete días.", "example_trans": "The week has seven days.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-033", "level": 1, "front": "ocho", "front_trans": "eight", "pron": "O-cho", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 8", "back_trans": "the number 8", "usage": "Ocho horas, Ocho personas, Son las ocho", "family": "octavo (adj)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Time & Change" ], "related": [ "siete", "nueve", "octavo", "hora" ], "example": "Duermo ocho horas cada noche.", "example_trans": "I sleep eight hours every night.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-034", "level": 1, "front": "nueve", "front_trans": "nine", "pron": "NWEH-be", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 9", "back_trans": "the number 9", "usage": "Nueve meses, Son las nueve, Nueve vidas", "family": "noveno (adj)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Time & Change" ], "related": [ "ocho", "diez", "noveno", "número" ], "example": "El bebé nació a los nueve meses.", "example_trans": "The baby was born at nine months.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-035", "level": 1, "front": "diez", "front_trans": "ten", "pron": "dyez", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 10", "back_trans": "the number 10", "usage": "Diez años, Diez minutos, Diez veces", "family": "décimo (adj), decena (noun)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Time & Change" ], "related": [ "nueve", "once", "décimo", "docena" ], "example": "Tengo diez años estudiando inglés.", "example_trans": "I have been studying English for ten years.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-036", "level": 1, "front": "once", "front_trans": "eleven", "pron": "ON-se", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 11", "back_trans": "the number 11", "usage": "Once jugadores, Son las once, Once días", "family": "undécimo (adj)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Sports & Leisure" ], "related": [ "diez", "doce", "undécimo", "equipo" ], "example": "El equipo de fútbol tiene once jugadores.", "example_trans": "The football team has eleven players.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-037", "level": 1, "front": "doce", "front_trans": "twelve", "pron": "DO-se", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 12", "back_trans": "the number 12", "usage": "Son las doce, Doce meses, Doce personas", "family": "duodécimo (adj), docena (noun)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Time & Change" ], "related": [ "once", "trece", "docena", "meses" ], "example": "El año tiene doce meses.", "example_trans": "The year has twelve months.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-038", "level": 1, "front": "trece", "front_trans": "thirteen", "pron": "TRE-se", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 13", "back_trans": "the number 13", "usage": "Trece años, Trece días, Tengo trece", "family": "decimotercero (adj)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "doce", "catorce", "suerte", "número" ], "example": "Cumplí trece años en enero.", "example_trans": "I turned thirteen in January.", "note": "In some Spanish-speaking countries, 13 is considered an unlucky number, similar to beliefs in English-speaking cultures." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-039", "level": 1, "front": "catorce", "front_trans": "fourteen", "pron": "ka-TOR-se", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 14", "back_trans": "the number 14", "usage": "Catorce horas, Catorce días, A los catorce años", "family": "decimocuarto (adj)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Time & Change" ], "related": [ "trece", "quince", "año", "cumpleaños" ], "example": "A los catorce años empecé a tocar guitarra.", "example_trans": "At fourteen I started playing guitar.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-040", "level": 1, "front": "quince", "front_trans": "fifteen", "pron": "KEEN-se", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 15", "back_trans": "the number 15", "usage": "Quince minutos, A los quince años, Quince días", "family": "decimoquinto (adj), quincena (noun)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Time & Change" ], "related": [ "catorce", "dieciséis", "quincena", "minuto" ], "example": "Vuelvo en quince minutos.", "example_trans": "I'll be back in fifteen minutes.", "note": "La quinceañera is a culturally important celebration of a girl's 15th birthday in Latin America." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-041", "level": 1, "front": "dieciséis", "front_trans": "sixteen", "pron": "dye-se-SEIS", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 16", "back_trans": "the number 16", "usage": "Dieciséis años, Dieciséis personas, A las dieciséis", "family": "decimosexto (adj)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Time & Change" ], "related": [ "quince", "diecisiete", "año", "edad" ], "example": "Conseguí mi primer trabajo a los dieciséis años.", "example_trans": "I got my first job at sixteen.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-042", "level": 1, "front": "diecisiete", "front_trans": "seventeen", "pron": "dye-se-SYET-e", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 17", "back_trans": "the number 17", "usage": "Diecisiete años, Diecisiete estudiantes, A los diecisiete", "family": "decimoséptimo (adj)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Time & Change" ], "related": [ "dieciséis", "dieciocho", "joven", "edad" ], "example": "Tenía diecisiete años cuando me gradué.", "example_trans": "I was seventeen when I graduated.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-043", "level": 1, "front": "dieciocho", "front_trans": "eighteen", "pron": "dye-se-O-cho", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 18", "back_trans": "the number 18", "usage": "Dieciocho años, A los dieciocho, Dieciocho personas", "family": "decimoctavo (adj)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "diecisiete", "diecinueve", "mayor de edad", "adulto" ], "example": "En España, puedes votar a los dieciocho años.", "example_trans": "In Spain, you can vote at eighteen.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-044", "level": 1, "front": "diecinueve", "front_trans": "nineteen", "pron": "dye-se-NWEH-be", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 19", "back_trans": "the number 19", "usage": "Diecinueve años, Diecinueve personas, A los diecinueve", "family": "decimonoveno (adj)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Time & Change" ], "related": [ "dieciocho", "veinte", "siglo", "año" ], "example": "Tenía diecinueve años cuando fui a la universidad.", "example_trans": "I was nineteen when I went to university.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-045", "level": 1, "front": "veinte", "front_trans": "twenty", "pron": "BEIN-te", "pos": "noun / adj", "gender": null, "back": "el número 20", "back_trans": "the number 20", "usage": "Veinte años, Veinte minutos, Veinte personas", "family": "vigésimo (adj), veintena (noun)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Time & Change" ], "related": [ "diecinueve", "treinta", "veintena", "años" ], "example": "Tengo veinte minutos libres.", "example_trans": "I have twenty free minutes.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-046", "level": 1, "front": "casa", "front_trans": "house / home", "pron": "KAH-sah", "pos": "noun", "gender": "f", "back": "edificio donde vive una persona o familia", "back_trans": "building where a person or family lives", "usage": "Ir a casa, En casa, Casa de campo", "family": "casero (adj/noun), hogar (noun)", "tags": [ "Housing & Urban Life", "People & Relationships" ], "related": [ "hogar", "apartamento", "habitación", "vivir" ], "example": "Me gusta quedarme en casa los fines de semana.", "example_trans": "I like staying at home on weekends.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-047", "level": 1, "front": "agua", "front_trans": "water", "pron": "AH-gwah", "pos": "noun", "gender": "f", "back": "líquido esencial para la vida, inodoro e incoloro", "back_trans": "essential colorless and odorless liquid necessary for life", "usage": "Beber agua, Agua fría, Agua potable", "family": "acuático (adj), acuoso (adj)", "tags": [ "Health & Wellbeing", "Environment & Nature" ], "related": [ "beber", "río", "lluvia", "mar" ], "example": "Bebo ocho vasos de agua al día.", "example_trans": "I drink eight glasses of water a day.", "note": "Despite being feminine, 'agua' uses the masculine article 'el' in singular (el agua) to avoid awkward sound. Plural: las aguas." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-048", "level": 1, "front": "comida", "front_trans": "food / meal", "pron": "ko-MEE-dah", "pos": "noun", "gender": "f", "back": "alimento que se ingiere para nutrir el cuerpo; también el almuerzo", "back_trans": "food consumed to nourish the body; also the midday meal", "usage": "Hacer la comida, Comida rápida, Hora de la comida", "family": "comer (verb), comedor (noun), comestible (adj)", "tags": [ "Food & Lifestyle", "Health & Wellbeing" ], "related": [ "comer", "desayuno", "cena", "almuerzo" ], "example": "La comida española es muy variada y sabrosa.", "example_trans": "Spanish food is very varied and tasty.", "note": "In Spain, 'la comida' often refers specifically to the midday meal (lunch)." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-049", "level": 1, "front": "tiempo", "front_trans": "time / weather", "pron": "TYEM-po", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "duración o medida del transcurso; también el estado atmosférico", "back_trans": "duration or measure of passing; also atmospheric conditions", "usage": "Tener tiempo, ¿Qué tiempo hace?, Con el tiempo", "family": "temporal (adj), temporada (noun), a tiempo (adv phrase)", "tags": [ "Time & Change", "Environment & Nature" ], "related": [ "hora", "día", "semana", "clima" ], "example": "No tengo tiempo para hablar ahora.", "example_trans": "I don't have time to talk now.", "note": "False friend: 'tiempo' means both 'time' and 'weather'. 'Tiempo libre' means free time." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-050", "level": 1, "front": "dinero", "front_trans": "money", "pron": "di-NE-ro", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "medio de pago utilizado para comprar bienes y servicios", "back_trans": "medium of payment used to buy goods and services", "usage": "Ganar dinero, Tener dinero, Gastar dinero", "family": "monetario (adj), moneda (noun)", "tags": [ "Economy & Money", "Trade & Globalisation" ], "related": [ "pagar", "banco", "precio", "comprar" ], "example": "No tengo suficiente dinero para comprar ese coche.", "example_trans": "I don't have enough money to buy that car.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-051", "level": 1, "front": "trabajo", "front_trans": "work / job", "pron": "tra-BAH-ho", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "actividad laboral realizada a cambio de un salario", "back_trans": "labor activity performed in exchange for a salary", "usage": "Buscar trabajo, Ir al trabajo, Sin trabajo", "family": "trabajar (verb), trabajador (noun/adj)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Economy & Money" ], "related": [ "empleo", "oficina", "jefe", "sueldo" ], "example": "Busco un trabajo cerca de mi casa.", "example_trans": "I'm looking for a job close to my house.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-052", "level": 1, "front": "día", "front_trans": "day", "pron": "DEE-ah", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "período de 24 horas; también la parte luminosa del día", "back_trans": "period of 24 hours; also the light part of the day", "usage": "Todo el día, Un buen día, Cada día", "family": "diario (adj/noun), diurno (adj)", "tags": [ "Time & Change", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "noche", "semana", "mes", "hora" ], "example": "Cada día aprendo algo nuevo.", "example_trans": "Every day I learn something new.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-053", "level": 1, "front": "noche", "front_trans": "night", "pron": "NO-che", "pos": "noun", "gender": "f", "back": "período de oscuridad entre el atardecer y el amanecer", "back_trans": "period of darkness between sunset and sunrise", "usage": "Por la noche, Esta noche, Buenas noches", "family": "nocturno (adj), medianoche (noun)", "tags": [ "Time & Change", "Housing & Urban Life" ], "related": [ "día", "tarde", "medianoche", "dormir" ], "example": "Estudio por la noche cuando hay silencio.", "example_trans": "I study at night when it's quiet.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-054", "level": 1, "front": "año", "front_trans": "year", "pron": "AN-yo", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "período de doce meses o 365 días", "back_trans": "period of twelve months or 365 days", "usage": "Este año, Cada año, Año nuevo", "family": "anual (adj), aniversario (noun)", "tags": [ "Time & Change", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "mes", "semana", "día", "cumpleaños" ], "example": "Este año quiero aprender a tocar el piano.", "example_trans": "This year I want to learn to play the piano.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-055", "level": 1, "front": "hora", "front_trans": "hour / time (of day)", "pron": "O-rah", "pos": "noun", "gender": "f", "back": "unidad de tiempo de 60 minutos; también la hora del día", "back_trans": "unit of time of 60 minutes; also the time of day", "usage": "¿Qué hora es?, Una hora, La hora de comer", "family": "horario (noun/adj), por hora (adv phrase)", "tags": [ "Time & Change", "Work & Education" ], "related": [ "minuto", "tiempo", "reloj", "día" ], "example": "¿Qué hora es? Son las tres de la tarde.", "example_trans": "What time is it? It's three in the afternoon.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-056", "level": 1, "front": "persona", "front_trans": "person", "pron": "per-SO-nah", "pos": "noun", "gender": "f", "back": "ser humano individual", "back_trans": "individual human being", "usage": "Una persona mayor, Persona de confianza, Tres personas", "family": "personal (adj), personalidad (noun), personaje (noun)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "gente", "individuo", "ser humano", "ciudadano" ], "example": "Es una persona muy amable y generosa.", "example_trans": "She is a very kind and generous person.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-057", "level": 1, "front": "ciudad", "front_trans": "city", "pron": "syu-DAD", "pos": "noun", "gender": "f", "back": "núcleo urbano grande con muchos habitantes y servicios", "back_trans": "large urban center with many inhabitants and services", "usage": "Gran ciudad, Ciudad natal, Vivir en la ciudad", "family": "ciudadano (noun/adj), ciudadanía (noun), urbano (adj)", "tags": [ "Housing & Urban Life", "Travel & Places" ], "related": [ "pueblo", "país", "calle", "capital" ], "example": "Madrid es una ciudad grande y cosmopolita.", "example_trans": "Madrid is a large and cosmopolitan city.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-058", "level": 1, "front": "país", "front_trans": "country", "pron": "pa-EES", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "nación con territorio, gobierno y población propios", "back_trans": "nation with its own territory, government, and population", "usage": "Mi país, País extranjero, Viajar a otro país", "family": "paisano (noun), paisaje (noun)", "tags": [ "Travel & Places", "Politics & Law" ], "related": [ "nación", "ciudad", "gobierno", "frontera" ], "example": "Me gustaría visitar muchos países diferentes.", "example_trans": "I would like to visit many different countries.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-059", "level": 1, "front": "libro", "front_trans": "book", "pron": "LEE-bro", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "conjunto de páginas encuadernadas con texto o imágenes", "back_trans": "set of bound pages with text or images", "usage": "Leer un libro, Libro de texto, Escribir un libro", "family": "librería (noun), librero (noun), libreto (noun)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Arts & Entertainment" ], "related": [ "leer", "escribir", "biblioteca", "novela" ], "example": "Estoy leyendo un libro muy interesante.", "example_trans": "I am reading a very interesting book.", "note": "False friend: 'librería' means 'bookstore', not 'library'. 'Library' in Spanish is 'biblioteca'." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-060", "level": 1, "front": "coche", "front_trans": "car", "pron": "KO-che", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "vehículo de motor con cuatro ruedas para transporte", "back_trans": "four-wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation", "usage": "Ir en coche, Aparcar el coche, Conducir un coche", "family": "cochero (noun), cocha (noun, regional)", "tags": [ "Travel & Places", "Housing & Urban Life" ], "related": [ "conducir", "gasolina", "carretera", "autobús" ], "example": "Voy al trabajo en coche todos los días.", "example_trans": "I go to work by car every day.", "note": "In Latin America, 'carro' or 'auto' is more commonly used instead of 'coche'." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-061", "level": 1, "front": "madre", "front_trans": "mother", "pron": "MAH-dre", "pos": "noun", "gender": "f", "back": "mujer que ha dado a luz o que cría a un hijo", "back_trans": "woman who has given birth to or raises a child", "usage": "Mi madre, Madre de familia, Ser madre", "family": "maternal (adj), maternidad (noun), madrastra (noun)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "padre", "hijo", "familia", "hermana" ], "example": "Mi madre cocina muy bien.", "example_trans": "My mother cooks very well.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-062", "level": 1, "front": "padre", "front_trans": "father", "pron": "PAH-dre", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "hombre que ha engendrado o cría a un hijo", "back_trans": "man who has fathered or raises a child", "usage": "Mi padre, Padre de familia, Ser padre", "family": "paternal (adj), paternidad (noun), padrastro (noun)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "madre", "hijo", "familia", "hermano" ], "example": "Mi padre trabaja en un hospital.", "example_trans": "My father works in a hospital.", "note": "Plural 'padres' means 'parents' (both mother and father)." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-063", "level": 1, "front": "hijo / hija", "front_trans": "son / daughter", "pron": "EE-ho / EE-hah", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "persona respecto a sus progenitores", "back_trans": "person in relation to their parents", "usage": "Mi hijo mayor, Tener hijos, Hija única", "family": "filial (adj), hijastro (noun)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "padre", "madre", "familia", "hermano" ], "example": "Tengo dos hijos, un niño y una niña.", "example_trans": "I have two children, a boy and a girl.", "note": "Plural 'hijos' can refer to children of mixed genders." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-064", "level": 1, "front": "hermano / hermana", "front_trans": "brother / sister", "pron": "er-MAH-no / er-MAH-nah", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "persona que tiene los mismos padres que otra", "back_trans": "person who shares the same parents as another", "usage": "Mi hermano mayor, Hermana pequeña, Somos hermanos", "family": "fraternal (adj), fraternidad (noun)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "padre", "madre", "primo", "familia" ], "example": "Tengo una hermana mayor y un hermano menor.", "example_trans": "I have an older sister and a younger brother.", "note": "Plural 'hermanos' can refer to siblings of mixed genders." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-065", "level": 1, "front": "amigo / amiga", "front_trans": "friend", "pron": "ah-MEE-go / ah-MEE-gah", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "persona con quien se tiene afecto y confianza", "back_trans": "person with whom one has affection and trust", "usage": "Mi mejor amigo, Hacer amigos, Un amigo de la infancia", "family": "amistad (noun), amistoso (adj), amigable (adj)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "amistad", "compañero", "conocido", "colega" ], "example": "Mi mejor amigo vive en otra ciudad.", "example_trans": "My best friend lives in another city.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-066", "level": 1, "front": "rojo", "front_trans": "red", "pron": "RO-ho", "pos": "adj", "gender": "m", "back": "color del extremo del espectro visible, como la sangre", "back_trans": "color at the extreme end of the visible spectrum, like blood", "usage": "Rojo intenso, De color rojo, Ponerse rojo", "family": "rojizo (adj), enrojecer (verb)", "tags": [ "Arts & Entertainment", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "azul", "verde", "color", "sangre" ], "example": "Me compré una chaqueta roja.", "example_trans": "I bought a red jacket.", "note": "Adjective agrees with noun gender: rojo (m), roja (f), rojos (m.pl), rojas (f.pl)." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-067", "level": 1, "front": "azul", "front_trans": "blue", "pron": "ah-SOOL", "pos": "adj", "gender": null, "back": "color del cielo despejado y del mar", "back_trans": "color of the clear sky and the sea", "usage": "Azul oscuro, Ojos azules, El mar azul", "family": "azulado (adj)", "tags": [ "Arts & Entertainment", "Environment & Nature" ], "related": [ "verde", "rojo", "cielo", "mar" ], "example": "El cielo está azul hoy.", "example_trans": "The sky is blue today.", "note": "Azul does not change for gender (azul for both m/f). Plural: azules." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-068", "level": 1, "front": "verde", "front_trans": "green", "pron": "BER-de", "pos": "adj", "gender": null, "back": "color de las plantas y la naturaleza", "back_trans": "color of plants and nature", "usage": "Verde oscuro, Zona verde, Luz verde", "family": "verdoso (adj), verdear (verb)", "tags": [ "Environment & Nature", "Arts & Entertainment" ], "related": [ "rojo", "azul", "planta", "naturaleza" ], "example": "Me encantan los espacios verdes de la ciudad.", "example_trans": "I love the green spaces in the city.", "note": "Verde does not change for gender. Plural: verdes." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-069", "level": 1, "front": "blanco", "front_trans": "white", "pron": "BLAN-ko", "pos": "adj", "gender": "m", "back": "color de la nieve, el resultado de combinar todos los colores de luz", "back_trans": "color of snow; the result of combining all light colors", "usage": "Blanco como la nieve, Papel blanco, Vino blanco", "family": "blanquear (verb), blanquecino (adj)", "tags": [ "Arts & Entertainment", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "negro", "gris", "nieve", "limpio" ], "example": "Me gusta llevar ropa blanca en verano.", "example_trans": "I like wearing white clothes in summer.", "note": "Adjective agrees: blanco (m), blanca (f), blancos (m.pl), blancas (f.pl)." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-070", "level": 1, "front": "negro", "front_trans": "black", "pron": "NE-gro", "pos": "adj", "gender": "m", "back": "color que resulta de la ausencia de luz; opuesto al blanco", "back_trans": "color resulting from the absence of light; opposite of white", "usage": "Negro como el carbón, Café negro, Mercado negro", "family": "negrura (noun), negruzco (adj), ennegrecer (verb)", "tags": [ "Arts & Entertainment", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "blanco", "oscuro", "sombra", "noche" ], "example": "Tiene un gato negro muy elegante.", "example_trans": "She has a very elegant black cat.", "note": "Adjective agrees: negro (m), negra (f), negros (m.pl), negras (f.pl)." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-071", "level": 1, "front": "grande", "front_trans": "big / large", "pron": "GRAN-de", "pos": "adj", "gender": null, "back": "que tiene mucho tamaño o importancia", "back_trans": "having great size or importance", "usage": "Muy grande, Gran ciudad, Una casa grande", "family": "grandeza (noun), grandioso (adj), agrandar (verb)", "tags": [ "Society & Culture", "Housing & Urban Life" ], "related": [ "pequeño", "enorme", "gigante", "alto" ], "example": "Vivo en una ciudad grande con mucha gente.", "example_trans": "I live in a big city with many people.", "note": "Shortened to 'gran' before singular nouns (un gran hombre). Does not change for gender; plural: grandes." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-072", "level": 1, "front": "pequeño", "front_trans": "small / little", "pron": "pe-KEN-yo", "pos": "adj", "gender": "m", "back": "que tiene poco tamaño o importancia", "back_trans": "having little size or importance", "usage": "Muy pequeño, Un pequeño problema, Cuando era pequeño", "family": "empequeñecer (verb)", "tags": [ "Society & Culture", "People & Relationships" ], "related": [ "grande", "diminuto", "chico", "corto" ], "example": "Tengo un piso pequeño pero acogedor.", "example_trans": "I have a small but cozy apartment.", "note": "Adjective agrees: pequeño (m), pequeña (f), pequeños (m.pl), pequeñas (f.pl)." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-073", "level": 1, "front": "bueno", "front_trans": "good", "pron": "BWEH-no", "pos": "adj", "gender": "m", "back": "que tiene cualidades positivas o es de calidad", "back_trans": "having positive qualities or high quality", "usage": "Muy bueno, Un buen trabajo, Buenas noticias", "family": "bondad (noun), bonito (adj), bien (adv)", "tags": [ "Ethics & Philosophy", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "malo", "mejor", "excelente", "agradable" ], "example": "Es un buen estudiante que siempre trabaja duro.", "example_trans": "He is a good student who always works hard.", "note": "Shortened to 'buen' before masculine singular nouns (un buen día). Agrees: bueno (m), buena (f)." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-074", "level": 1, "front": "malo", "front_trans": "bad", "pron": "MAH-lo", "pos": "adj", "gender": "m", "back": "que tiene cualidades negativas o es de baja calidad", "back_trans": "having negative qualities or low quality", "usage": "Muy malo, Mal tiempo, Malas noticias", "family": "maldad (noun), malicia (noun), malestar (noun)", "tags": [ "Ethics & Philosophy", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "bueno", "peor", "terrible", "negativo" ], "example": "El tiempo estaba muy malo durante las vacaciones.", "example_trans": "The weather was very bad during the vacation.", "note": "Shortened to 'mal' before masculine singular nouns (un mal día). Agrees: malo (m), mala (f)." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-075", "level": 1, "front": "nuevo", "front_trans": "new", "pron": "NWEH-bo", "pos": "adj", "gender": "m", "back": "que existe o se conoce desde hace poco tiempo", "back_trans": "that has existed or been known for a short time", "usage": "Algo nuevo, Año nuevo, Un coche nuevo", "family": "novedad (noun), renovar (verb), estrenar (verb)", "tags": [ "Time & Change", "Trade & Globalisation" ], "related": [ "viejo", "moderno", "reciente", "joven" ], "example": "Tengo un trabajo nuevo desde la semana pasada.", "example_trans": "I have had a new job since last week.", "note": "Adjective agrees: nuevo (m), nueva (f), nuevos (m.pl), nuevas (f.pl)." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-076", "level": 1, "front": "mucho", "front_trans": "a lot / much / many", "pron": "MOO-cho", "pos": "adj / adv", "gender": "m", "back": "en gran cantidad o medida", "back_trans": "in great quantity or measure", "usage": "Muchas gracias, Mucho trabajo, Trabajar mucho", "family": "muchísimo (adj, superlative)", "tags": [ "Society & Culture", "Work & Education" ], "related": [ "poco", "bastante", "demasiado", "suficiente" ], "example": "Tengo mucho que hacer hoy.", "example_trans": "I have a lot to do today.", "note": "As adjective agrees: mucho (m), mucha (f), muchos (m.pl), muchas (f.pl). As adverb, invariable." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-077", "level": 1, "front": "poco", "front_trans": "a little / few", "pron": "PO-ko", "pos": "adj / adv", "gender": "m", "back": "en pequeña cantidad o medida", "back_trans": "in small quantity or measure", "usage": "Un poco de agua, Poca gente, Hablar poco", "family": "poquito (adj, diminutive)", "tags": [ "Society & Culture", "Work & Education" ], "related": [ "mucho", "algo", "nada", "bastante" ], "example": "Habla un poco de inglés pero quiere mejorar.", "example_trans": "She speaks a little English but wants to improve.", "note": "As adjective agrees: poco (m), poca (f), pocos (m.pl), pocas (f.pl). As adverb, invariable." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-078", "level": 1, "front": "lunes", "front_trans": "Monday", "pron": "LOO-nes", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "primer día de la semana laboral", "back_trans": "first day of the working week", "usage": "El lunes, Cada lunes, Los lunes", "family": "semanal (adj), semanalmente (adv)", "tags": [ "Time & Change", "Work & Education" ], "related": [ "martes", "semana", "trabajo", "fin de semana" ], "example": "El lunes tengo una reunión importante.", "example_trans": "On Monday I have an important meeting.", "note": "Days of the week are not capitalized in Spanish." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-079", "level": 1, "front": "martes", "front_trans": "Tuesday", "pron": "MAR-tes", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "segundo día de la semana", "back_trans": "second day of the week", "usage": "El martes, Cada martes, Los martes", "family": "semanal (adj)", "tags": [ "Time & Change", "Work & Education" ], "related": [ "lunes", "miércoles", "semana", "día" ], "example": "El martes tengo clase de español.", "example_trans": "On Tuesday I have Spanish class.", "note": "In Spanish culture, Tuesday the 13th (martes 13) is considered unlucky, equivalent to Friday the 13th." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-080", "level": 1, "front": "miércoles", "front_trans": "Wednesday", "pron": "MYER-ko-les", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "tercer día de la semana", "back_trans": "third day of the week", "usage": "El miércoles, Cada miércoles, Los miércoles", "family": "semanal (adj)", "tags": [ "Time & Change", "Work & Education" ], "related": [ "martes", "jueves", "semana", "día" ], "example": "Los miércoles voy al gimnasio.", "example_trans": "On Wednesdays I go to the gym.", "note": "Note the written accent: miércoles. The word comes from 'Mercurio' (Mercury). Invariable plural." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-081", "level": 1, "front": "jueves", "front_trans": "Thursday", "pron": "HWEH-bes", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "cuarto día de la semana", "back_trans": "fourth day of the week", "usage": "El jueves, Cada jueves, Los jueves", "family": "semanal (adj)", "tags": [ "Time & Change", "Work & Education" ], "related": [ "miércoles", "viernes", "semana", "día" ], "example": "El jueves es mi día favorito de la semana.", "example_trans": "Thursday is my favorite day of the week.", "note": "Comes from 'Júpiter' (Jupiter). Invariable plural (el jueves / los jueves)." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-082", "level": 1, "front": "viernes", "front_trans": "Friday", "pron": "BYER-nes", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "quinto día de la semana, último día laboral habitual", "back_trans": "fifth day of the week, typically the last working day", "usage": "El viernes, Cada viernes, Los viernes", "family": "semanal (adj)", "tags": [ "Time & Change", "Work & Education" ], "related": [ "jueves", "sábado", "fin de semana", "semana" ], "example": "El viernes por la noche salgo con mis amigos.", "example_trans": "On Friday night I go out with my friends.", "note": "Comes from 'Venus'. Invariable plural." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-083", "level": 1, "front": "sábado", "front_trans": "Saturday", "pron": "SAH-ba-do", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "sexto día de la semana, primer día del fin de semana", "back_trans": "sixth day of the week, first day of the weekend", "usage": "El sábado, Cada sábado, Los sábados", "family": "semanal (adj), fin de semana (noun phrase)", "tags": [ "Time & Change", "Sports & Leisure" ], "related": [ "viernes", "domingo", "fin de semana", "descanso" ], "example": "El sábado voy al mercado a comprar frutas.", "example_trans": "On Saturday I go to the market to buy fruit.", "note": "Comes from 'Sabbath'. Invariable plural: los sábados." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-084", "level": 1, "front": "domingo", "front_trans": "Sunday", "pron": "do-MEEN-go", "pos": "noun", "gender": "m", "back": "séptimo día de la semana, último día del fin de semana", "back_trans": "seventh day of the week, last day of the weekend", "usage": "El domingo, Cada domingo, Los domingos", "family": "semanal (adj)", "tags": [ "Time & Change", "Religion & Belief" ], "related": [ "sábado", "lunes", "descanso", "misa" ], "example": "Los domingos la familia se reúne a comer.", "example_trans": "On Sundays the family gathers to eat.", "note": "Comes from Latin 'Dominicus' (Lord's day). Invariable plural." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-085", "level": 1, "front": "hoy", "front_trans": "today", "pron": "oy", "pos": "adv", "gender": null, "back": "en el día actual, en este momento", "back_trans": "on the current day, at this time", "usage": "Hoy en día, ¿Qué haces hoy?, Hoy mismo", "family": null, "tags": [ "Time & Change", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "ayer", "mañana", "ahora", "día" ], "example": "Hoy no tengo ganas de salir.", "example_trans": "Today I don't feel like going out.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-086", "level": 1, "front": "ayer", "front_trans": "yesterday", "pron": "ah-YER", "pos": "adv", "gender": null, "back": "el día inmediatamente anterior al de hoy", "back_trans": "the day immediately before today", "usage": "Ayer por la tarde, ¿Qué hiciste ayer?, Ayer mismo", "family": null, "tags": [ "Time & Change", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "hoy", "mañana", "pasado", "antes" ], "example": "Ayer fui al médico.", "example_trans": "Yesterday I went to the doctor.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-087", "level": 1, "front": "mañana", "front_trans": "tomorrow / morning", "pron": "mah-NYAH-nah", "pos": "adv / noun", "gender": "f", "back": "el día siguiente al de hoy; también la primera parte del día", "back_trans": "the day after today; also the first part of the day", "usage": "Hasta mañana, Por la mañana, Mañana temprano", "family": "matinal (adj), matutino (adj)", "tags": [ "Time & Change", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "hoy", "ayer", "tarde", "noche" ], "example": "Mañana tengo un examen importante.", "example_trans": "Tomorrow I have an important exam.", "note": "Context determines meaning: 'Mañana' (tomorrow) vs 'la mañana' (the morning)." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-088", "level": 1, "front": "sí", "front_trans": "yes", "pron": "see", "pos": "adv", "gender": null, "back": "afirmación o respuesta positiva", "back_trans": "affirmation or positive response", "usage": "Decir que sí, ¡Sí, claro!, Sí, por favor", "family": null, "tags": [ "Society & Culture", "Media & Communication" ], "related": [ "no", "claro", "por supuesto", "exacto" ], "example": "—¿Quieres más café? —Sí, gracias.", "example_trans": "—Do you want more coffee? —Yes, thank you.", "note": "Accent on 'sí' (yes) distinguishes it from 'si' (if)." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-089", "level": 1, "front": "no", "front_trans": "no / not", "pron": "no", "pos": "adv", "gender": null, "back": "negación o respuesta negativa", "back_trans": "negation or negative response", "usage": "Decir que no, No sé, No tengo", "family": null, "tags": [ "Society & Culture", "Media & Communication" ], "related": [ "sí", "nunca", "jamás", "tampoco" ], "example": "No entiendo lo que dices.", "example_trans": "I don't understand what you're saying.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-090", "level": 1, "front": "¿Cómo te llamas?", "front_trans": "What is your name?", "pron": "KO-mo te YAH-mahs", "pos": "phrase", "gender": null, "back": "pregunta para conocer el nombre de alguien", "back_trans": "question to find out someone's name", "usage": "¿Cómo te llamas?, ¿Cómo se llama usted?, ¿Cómo se llama él?", "family": "llamarse (verb), nombre (noun)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "nombre", "llamarse", "presentarse", "apellido" ], "example": "¿Cómo te llamas? Me llamo Ana.", "example_trans": "What is your name? My name is Ana.", "note": "Literal translation: 'How do you call yourself?' Use 'se llama' for third person, 'se llama usted' for formal." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-091", "level": 1, "front": "¿Cómo estás?", "front_trans": "How are you?", "pron": "KO-mo es-TAHS", "pos": "phrase", "gender": null, "back": "pregunta informal para saber el estado de alguien", "back_trans": "informal question to find out how someone is doing", "usage": "¿Cómo estás?, ¿Cómo está usted?, ¿Y tú, cómo estás?", "family": "estar (verb)", "tags": [ "People & Relationships", "Health & Wellbeing" ], "related": [ "bien", "mal", "regular", "hola" ], "example": "—Hola, ¿cómo estás? —Muy bien, ¿y tú?", "example_trans": "—Hello, how are you? —Very well, and you?", "note": "Use '¿Cómo está usted?' for formal situations." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-092", "level": 1, "front": "bien", "front_trans": "well / good", "pron": "byen", "pos": "adv", "gender": null, "back": "de manera correcta, satisfactoria o en buen estado", "back_trans": "in a correct, satisfactory manner or in good condition", "usage": "Muy bien, Estar bien, Hablar bien", "family": "bienestar (noun), bienvenida (noun)", "tags": [ "Health & Wellbeing", "Society & Culture" ], "related": [ "mal", "regular", "mejor", "perfecto" ], "example": "Estoy muy bien, gracias por preguntar.", "example_trans": "I am very well, thank you for asking.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-093", "level": 1, "front": "¿Dónde está...?", "front_trans": "Where is...?", "pron": "DON-de es-TAH", "pos": "phrase", "gender": null, "back": "pregunta para localizar la posición de algo o alguien", "back_trans": "question to locate the position of something or someone", "usage": "¿Dónde está el baño?, ¿Dónde está la tienda?, ¿Dónde están mis llaves?", "family": "dónde (adv), estar (verb)", "tags": [ "Travel & Places", "Housing & Urban Life" ], "related": [ "aquí", "allí", "cerca", "lejos" ], "example": "Perdone, ¿dónde está la estación de metro?", "example_trans": "Excuse me, where is the metro station?", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-094", "level": 1, "front": "aquí", "front_trans": "here", "pron": "ah-KEE", "pos": "adv", "gender": null, "back": "en este lugar, cerca del hablante", "back_trans": "in this place, near the speaker", "usage": "Estoy aquí, Ven aquí, Por aquí", "family": null, "tags": [ "Travel & Places", "Housing & Urban Life" ], "related": [ "allí", "ahí", "cerca", "lejos" ], "example": "Quédate aquí, vuelvo enseguida.", "example_trans": "Stay here, I'll be right back.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-095", "level": 1, "front": "allí", "front_trans": "there", "pron": "ah-YEE", "pos": "adv", "gender": null, "back": "en aquel lugar, lejos del hablante", "back_trans": "in that place, far from the speaker", "usage": "Está allí, Voy allí, Por allí", "family": null, "tags": [ "Travel & Places", "Housing & Urban Life" ], "related": [ "aquí", "ahí", "lejos", "cerca" ], "example": "El supermercado está allí, a dos calles.", "example_trans": "The supermarket is there, two streets away.", "note": "'Ahí' = nearby (neither close nor far); 'allí' = far from speaker." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-096", "level": 1, "front": "necesitar", "front_trans": "to need", "pron": "ne-se-si-TAR", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo que indica la obligación o requerimiento de algo", "back_trans": "verb indicating the requirement or obligation for something", "usage": "Necesito ayuda, Necesita descansar, ¿Qué necesitas?", "family": "necesitando (gerund), necesitado (adj), necesidad (noun), necesario (adj)", "tags": [ "Health & Wellbeing", "Work & Education" ], "related": [ "querer", "deber", "requerir", "faltar" ], "example": "Necesito un diccionario para aprender vocabulario.", "example_trans": "I need a dictionary to learn vocabulary.", "note": null }, { "id": "es-en-L1-097", "level": 1, "front": "entender", "front_trans": "to understand", "pron": "en-ten-DER", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo que indica la comprensión de algo", "back_trans": "verb indicating the comprehension of something", "usage": "No entiendo, ¿Entiendes?, Entender bien", "family": "entendiendo (gerund), entendido (adj/past participle), entendimiento (noun)", "tags": [ "Work & Education", "Media & Communication" ], "related": [ "comprender", "saber", "escuchar", "aprender" ], "example": "No entiendo esta pregunta, ¿puedes explicarla?", "example_trans": "I don't understand this question, can you explain it?", "note": "Stem-changing verb: entiendo, entiendes, entiende (e→ie)." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-098", "level": 1, "front": "llamar", "front_trans": "to call", "pron": "ya-MAR", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo que indica comunicarse por teléfono o dar un nombre", "back_trans": "verb meaning to phone someone or to give a name", "usage": "Llamar por teléfono, ¿Cómo te llamas?, Llamar a la puerta", "family": "llamando (gerund), llamado (past participle/adj), llamada (noun)", "tags": [ "Media & Communication", "People & Relationships" ], "related": [ "teléfono", "nombre", "hablar", "contactar" ], "example": "Voy a llamar a mi madre esta tarde.", "example_trans": "I am going to call my mother this afternoon.", "note": "Reflexive form 'llamarse' means 'to be named/called'." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-099", "level": 1, "front": "gustar", "front_trans": "to like", "pron": "goos-TAR", "pos": "verb", "gender": null, "back": "verbo que indica el agrado o placer que produce algo", "back_trans": "verb indicating the pleasure or enjoyment something produces", "usage": "Me gusta el café, ¿Te gusta?, Me gustan las películas", "family": "gustando (gerund), gustado (past participle), gusto (noun), agradable (adj)", "tags": [ "Food & Lifestyle", "Arts & Entertainment" ], "related": [ "encantar", "preferir", "disfrutar", "placer" ], "example": "Me gusta mucho la música española.", "example_trans": "I really like Spanish music.", "note": "Unlike English 'like', 'gustar' works in reverse: 'Me gusta el libro' = 'The book pleases me.' Subject follows verb." }, { "id": "es-en-L1-100", "level": 1, "front": "¿Cuánto cuesta?", "front_trans": "How much does it cost?", "pron": "KWAN-to KWES-tah", "pos": "phrase", "gender": null, "back": "pregunta para conocer el precio de algo", "back_trans": "question to find out the price of something", "usage": "¿Cuánto cuesta esto?, ¿Cuánto cuestan estos zapatos?, ¿Cuánto es?", "family": "costar (verb), costo (noun), coste (noun), costoso (adj)", "tags": [ "Economy & Money", "Trade & Globalisation" ], "related": [ "precio", "pagar", "dinero", "comprar" ], "example": "Perdone, ¿cuánto cuesta este libro?", "example_trans": "Excuse me, how much does this book cost?", "note": "Use '¿Cuánto cuestan?' (plural) when asking about multiple items." } ] }