Fermat's Last Theorem in Lean 4

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Definitions/Def_FreyPackage_EigenformRealizationSupplyField.lean

definition module

Supply predicate: residual eigenform realizations with field coefficients

Fix a Frey package P (integers a,b,c and a prime p\ge 5 with a^p+b^p=c^p, \gcd(a,b)=1, a\equiv 3 \bmod 4, b even) and a level M. ESMasterAttachmentSupplyField P M J is a predicate on an abstract carrier J that is an abelian group, a module over the project's Hecke algebra HeckeAlg (the polynomial ring \mathbb{Z}[T_\ell : \ell \text{ prime}], with heckeGen the variable at \ell), and is equipped with an action of \mathrm{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q}), realised as \overline{\mathbb{Q}}-algebra automorphisms of AlgebraicClosure ℚ. No compatibility between the Hecke and Galois actions is assumed. It asserts: for every weight-2 cusp form g on \Gamma_0(M) satisfying the project's IsNormalizedEigenform (first q-coefficient 1, multiplicativity at coprime indices, and the usual prime-power recursions, with or without the p\mid N Euler factor), and for every maximal ideal \mathfrak{m} of the algebraic integers \overline{\mathbb{Z}} = integralClosure ℤ ℂ containing p, there exist a field k, a ring homomorphism \varphi: HeckeAlg \to k, a k-vector space V, a function \pi : J \to V, a homomorphism \rho from the Galois group to \mathrm{GL}_k(V), a ring homomorphism \psi : \overline{\mathbb{Z}} \to k, and a Galois number field F embedded in \overline{\mathbb{Q}} over \mathbb{Q}, such that: p = 0 in k; (k,\varphi,V,\pi,\rho) is an IsResidualRealization of J at p, i.e. \dim_k V = 2 and \pi is additive, Galois-equivariant via \rho and Hecke-semilinear via \varphi on the p-torsion \{x : p\cdot x = 0\}, whose image spans V; \det \rho(\sigma) = \ell in k for every Frobenius \sigma at a place over any prime \ell \nmid Mp; \mathfrak{m} \subseteq \ker\psi; for each prime \ell \nmid Mp the \ell-th q-coefficient of g is an algebraic integer a with \varphi(T_\ell) = \psi(a); and the kernel of restriction \mathrm{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q}) \to \mathrm{Gal}(F/\mathbb{Q}) lies in \ker\rho and in the kernel of the P.p-torsion representation of the Frey curve, so both factor through \mathrm{Gal}(F/\mathbb{Q}). The conjunct p = 0 in k follows from the other clauses but is recorded. EigenformRealizationSupplyFieldAt P M is this predicate for J = JZero M, the degree-zero divisor class group of the base-changed modular function field of level M, with its Hecke module structure taken as an instance hypothesis; the accompanying lemma is the definitional unfolding.

Relation to Mathlib

Mathlib supplies CuspForm, CongruenceSubgroup.Gamma0, q-expansion coefficients and integralClosure ℤ ℂ; the Hecke algebra here is the project's free polynomial ring on the primes rather than a Mathlib Hecke algebra, and IsNormalizedEigenform, IsResidualRealization, CyclotomicDeterminant and JZero (a degree-zero divisor class group of a function field, not an abelian variety) are the project's own notions. The coefficient field k is not required to be finite.

Where it is used

This is the hypothesis supplying, for each normalised weight-2 eigenform of level M and each maximal ideal of \overline{\mathbb{Z}} above p, a two-dimensional mod-p Galois representation with cyclotomic determinant realised on the p-torsion of the level-M Jacobian, whose Hecke eigenvalues reduce the q-coefficients of the form. It is the Eichler–Shimura input on which the comparison with the mod-p representation of the Frey curve, and hence the Frey–Serre–Ribet part of the argument, rests.

References

  1. H. Darmon, F. Diamond and R. Taylor, Fermat's Last Theorem, in: Current Developments in Mathematics 1995, International Press, 1995, 1–154
  2. G. Shimura, Introduction to the Arithmetic Theory of Automorphic Functions, Publications of the Mathematical Society of Japan 11, Princeton University Press, 1971, Chapter 7
  3. P. Deligne, Formes modulaires et représentations l-adiques, Séminaire Bourbaki 1968/69, Exposé 355, Lecture Notes in Mathematics 179, Springer, 1971, 139–172

References are suggested automatically and have not been individually verified.

English text generated automatically from the Lean source; the Lean statement is authoritative.

Source file: Definitions/Def_FreyPackage_EigenformRealizationSupplyField.lean

Imports

Imported by

  • no other definition module

Declarations

Source

import Definitions.Def_ModularCurve_ResidualRealization
import Definitions.Def_ModularCurve_ArithmeticGalois
import Definitions.Def_FLTPrelim_ModularRep

set_option autoImplicit false

open Module LinearMap CongruenceSubgroup
open ModularCurve
open WeierstrassCurve WeierstrassCurve.Affine.Point
open scoped WeierstrassCurve.Affine

namespace FreyPackage

def ESMasterAttachmentSupplyField (P : FreyPackage) (M : ℕ)
    (J : Type*) [AddCommGroup J] [Module HeckeAlg J]
    [DistribMulAction (AlgebraicClosure ℚ ≃ₐ[ℚ] AlgebraicClosure ℚ) J] : Prop :=
  ∀ (g : CuspForm (Gamma0 M) 2), g.IsNormalizedEigenform
    ∀ (𝔪 : Ideal (integralClosure ℤ ℂ)), 𝔪.IsMaximal → (P.p : integralClosure ℤ ℂ) ∈ 𝔪 →
      ∃ (k : Type) (_ : Field k) (φ : HeckeAlg →+* k)
        (V : Type) (_ : AddCommGroup V) (_ : Module k V)
        (π : J → V)
        (ρ : (AlgebraicClosure ℚ ≃ₐ[ℚ] AlgebraicClosure ℚ) →* (V ≃ₗ[k] V))
        (ψ : integralClosure ℤ ℂ →+* k)
        (F : Type) (_ : Field F) (_ : NumberField F) (_ : IsGalois ℚ F)
        (_ : Algebra F (AlgebraicClosure ℚ)) (_ : IsScalarTower ℚ F (AlgebraicClosure ℚ)),
        ((P.p : k) = 0) ∧
        IsResidualRealization P.p J k φ V π ρ ∧
        CyclotomicDeterminant M P.p ρ ∧
        𝔪 ≤ RingHom.ker ψ ∧
        (∀ (ℓ : ℕ) (hℓ : ℓ.Prime), ¬ ℓ ∣ M * P.p → ∃ a : integralClosure ℤ ℂ,
          (a : ℂ) = ModularFormClass.qCoeff g ℓ ∧ φ (heckeGen ⟨ℓ, hℓ⟩) = ψ a) ∧
        (AlgEquiv.restrictNormalHom (F := ℚ) (K₁ := AlgebraicClosure ℚ) F).ker ≤
          (galoisRepModuleEnd (S := ℚ) (K := AlgebraicClosure ℚ) P.freyCurve P.p).ker ⊓
            ρ.ker

def EigenformRealizationSupplyFieldAt (P : FreyPackage) (M : ℕ)
    [Module HeckeAlg (JZero M)] : Prop :=
  ESMasterAttachmentSupplyField P M (JZero M)

theorem eigenformRealizationSupplyFieldAt_iff_eSMasterAttachmentSupplyField
    {P : FreyPackage} {M : ℕ} [Module HeckeAlg (JZero M)] :
    P.EigenformRealizationSupplyFieldAt M ↔ ESMasterAttachmentSupplyField P M (JZero M) :=
  Iff.rfl

end FreyPackage

Statements phrased using this module (2)