//////////////////////////////////
//	Collection of helper types  //
//////////////////////////////////

use consts::*;
use positions::FIELD;

#[derive(Debug)]
pub(crate) struct Unsolvable;

#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub(crate) struct Entry {
	pub cell: u8,
	pub num: u8,
}

impl Entry {
	#[inline] pub fn cell(self) -> usize { self.cell as usize }
	#[inline] pub fn row(self) -> u8 { self.cell / 9 }
	#[inline] pub fn col(self) -> u8 { self.cell % 9 }
	#[inline] pub fn field(self) -> u8 { FIELD[self.cell()] }
	#[inline] pub fn num(self) -> u8 { self.num }

	#[inline] pub fn mask(self) -> Mask<Digit> { Mask::from_num(self.num()) }
}

#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
// Type surfaced in API for parsing errors as 'Entry'
/// An invalid entry that was parsed
pub struct PubEntry {
    /// Cell number goes from 0..=80, 0..=8 for first line, 9..=17 for 2nd and so on
	pub cell: u8,
    /// The parsed invalid char
	pub ch: char,
}

impl PubEntry {
    /// Row index from 0..=8, topmost row is 0
	#[inline] pub fn row(self) -> u8 { self.cell / 9 }
    /// Column index from 0..=8, leftmost col is 0
	#[inline] pub fn col(self) -> u8 { self.cell % 9 }
    /// Field index from 0..=8, numbering from left to right, top to bottom. Example: Top-row is 0, 1, 2
	#[inline] pub fn field(self) -> u8 { FIELD[self.cell as usize] }
}


////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

use std::fmt;

/// Error for lax block format parsing. Contains the number of rows found.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
pub struct NotEnoughRows(pub u8);

/// A structure representing an error caused when parsing the sudoku
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
pub enum BlockFormatParseError {
    /// Non-digit, non-placeholder encountered. Field delimiters chars in unexpected places also cause this
    InvalidEntry(PubEntry),
    /// Line contains (>9 valid entries) or (<9 and no invalids)
    /// Returns index of row (0-8)
    InvalidLineLength(u8),
    /// Input ends with less than 9 rows. Returns number of rows encountered.
    NotEnoughRows(u8),
    /// If field delimiter is in place after 3rd number in 1st row
    /// all other horizontal and vertical field delimiters must be present or this is emitted
    IncorrectFieldDelimiter,
    /// More than 9 lines are supplied and the 10th line is not pure whitespace
    TooManyRows,
    /// Non-digit, non-placeholder after completed line encountered but without space
    MissingCommentDelimiter(u8),
}

/// A structure representing an error caused when parsing the sudoku
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
pub enum LineFormatParseError {
    /// Accepted values are numbers 1...9 and '0', '.' or '_' for empty cells
    InvalidEntry(PubEntry),
    /// Returns number of cells supplied
    NotEnoughCells(u8),
    /// Returned if >=82 valid cell positions are supplied
    TooManyCells,
    /// Comments must be delimited by a space or tab.
    MissingCommentDelimiter,
}

impl fmt::Display for LineFormatParseError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
        use self::LineFormatParseError::*;

        match *self {
            InvalidEntry(PubEntry { cell, ch }) => write!(f, "cell {} contains invalid character '{}'", cell, ch),
            NotEnoughCells(cells) => write!(f, "sudoku contains {} cells instead of required 81", cells),
            TooManyCells => write!(f, "sudoku contains more than 81 cells or is missing comment delimiter"),
            MissingCommentDelimiter => write!(f, "missing comment delimiter"),
        }
    }
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pub(crate) struct Position;
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pub(crate) struct Digit;

// Bitmask struct for T where T is just an information regarding intent
// it could for example be Mask<Digit> or Mask<Position>
// All usual bitwise operations are implemented but do not work between
// Mask<T> and Mask<U>, when T != U
// NOTE: !mask is a leaky abstraction, see comment above trait implementation
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, Debug)]
pub(crate) struct Mask<T>(u16, ::std::marker::PhantomData<T>);
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub(crate) struct MaskIter<T>(Mask<T>);

impl<T> Mask<T> {
    pub const ALL: Mask<T> = Mask(0b_0001_1111_1111, ::std::marker::PhantomData);
    pub const NONE: Mask<T> = Mask(0, ::std::marker::PhantomData);

    #[inline(always)]
    fn new(mask: u16) -> Self {
        Mask(mask, ::std::marker::PhantomData)
    }

	#[inline(always)]
    pub fn n_possibilities(self) -> u8 {
		self.0.count_ones() as u8
	}

    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn is_empty(self) -> bool {
        self == Mask::NONE
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn without(self, other: Self) -> Self {
        Mask::new(self.0 & !other.0)
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn remove(&mut self, other: Self) {
        self.0 &= !other.0;
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn iter(self) -> MaskIter<T> {
        MaskIter(self)
    }
}

impl<T> PartialEq<Mask<T>> for Mask<T> {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        self.0 == other.0
    }
}

impl Mask<Digit> {
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn from_num(num: u8) -> Self {
        debug_assert!(num > 0);
        debug_assert!(num <= 9);
        Mask::new(1 << (num - 1))
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn unique_num(self) -> Result<Option<u8>, Unsolvable> {
        match self.0 {
            0 => Err(Unsolvable),
            n if n.is_power_of_two() => Ok(Some(n.trailing_zeros() as u8+1)),
            _ => Ok(None),
        }
    }

    // return a possible digit
    // highest in this implementation, but that is not necessary
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn one_possibility(self) -> u8 {
        debug_assert!(self.0 != 0);
        16 - self.0.leading_zeros() as u8
        //self.0.trailing_zeros() as u8 + 1
    }
}

impl<T> MaskIter<T> {
    /// Return remaining possibilities in mask form
    #[allow(unused)]
    pub fn to_mask(self) -> Mask<T> {
        self.0
    }
}

impl Iterator for MaskIter<Digit> {
    type Item = u8;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<u8> {
        match (self.0).0 {
            0 => None,
            _ => {
                let num = self.0.one_possibility();
                self.0.remove(Mask::from_num(num));
                Some(num)
            },
        }
    }
}

// NOTE: a common operation is
//       some_mask &= !mask, where some_mask doesn't have the high bits set
//       use .without() (owned) or .remove() (referenced) to avoid masking the high bits off
//       for the negation. They won't be set anyway in `some_mask`.
impl<T> ::std::ops::Not for Mask<T> {
	type Output = Self;
    #[inline(always)]
	fn not(self) -> Self {
		Mask::new(!self.0 & 0b_0001_1111_1111)
	}
}

macro_rules! impl_bitops {
    ($trait_:path, $fn_name:ident ) => {
        impl<T> $trait_ for Mask<T> {
        	type Output = Self;
            #[inline(always)]
        	fn $fn_name(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
        		Mask::new(u16::$fn_name(self.0, rhs.0))
        	}
        }
    }
}

impl_bitops!(::std::ops::BitAnd, bitand);
impl_bitops!(::std::ops::BitOr, bitor);
impl_bitops!(::std::ops::BitXor, bitxor);

macro_rules! impl_bitops_assign {
    ($trait_:path, $fn_name:ident ) => {
        impl<T> $trait_ for Mask<T> {
        	fn $fn_name(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
        		u16::$fn_name(&mut self.0, rhs.0)
        	}
        }
    }
}

impl_bitops_assign!(::std::ops::BitAndAssign, bitand_assign);
impl_bitops_assign!(::std::ops::BitOrAssign, bitor_assign);
impl_bitops_assign!(::std::ops::BitXorAssign, bitxor_assign);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Pure boilerplate. Just an array of size 81.
#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
pub(crate) struct Array81<T>(pub [T; N_CELLS]);

impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for Array81<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), ::std::fmt::Error> {
        (&self.0[..]).fmt(f)
    }
}

impl<T> ::std::ops::Deref for Array81<T> {
    type Target = [T; 81];
    #[inline(always)]
    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        &self.0
    }
}

impl<T> ::std::ops::DerefMut for Array81<T> {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
        &mut self.0
    }
}